BIM cho ngi mi hc

Lt mt vng trn google ting vit th mnh cm thy cc trung tm BIM u ch yu dy

phn mm nh Revit, Naviswork, Tekla m khng thy cours no v ni v quy trnh BIM
c. c mt lt mnh cng thy c t bi ni n cc bc c th thc hin BIM trong
mt d n.
Do ny rnh ri, mnh l m chm mt cht v quy trnh BIM, km theo mt s hng dn
chi tit thc hin BIM nh th no. Hy vng mang n cho cc bn tr ci nhn tng quan,
c th v thc tin hn v BIM.
Phn ln cc v d hoc ti liu s ch yu theo tiu chun Anh v t c BIM Level 2,
ti v mnh ch bit BIM Anh . Hn na, hin ti trn th gii, v mt qun l nh nc
th Anh l nc c b tiu chun thc hin BIM tin tin nht nn cc bn ng s kin thc
s b lc hu.
Cng ni lun l mnh cng t dng ting vit lm vic k thut nn chc chn t ng s
kh ln xn v thnh thong ti ngha, hy vng cc bn c xong gp mnh sa.
nh ngha BIM l g cc bn c th tm thy khp ni, cc bn s cc nhm chn nu
mnh nhc li y. Nn theo mnh ti y ch nn ngh n gin BIM l qu trnh to, qun
l v s dng thng tin cho d n xy dng.
BIM l cng ngh.
Mnh ngh cc bn trn ketcau a phn l k s, thng thch ci g c th v cng ngh nn
mnh bt u bng ci hnh ny:

Hng th nht l cc giai on thc hin mt d n xy dng Anh hin ti. Ci ny chc
khng khc VN l my , nm na l c 8 giai on. Giai on 0 v 1 l bt u hnh thnh
d n nn ch yu l ch u t chm ming vi kin trc s hay

. Giai on 2 l thit

k s b, 3-4 l k thut chun b xy. Giai on 5 l qu trnh xy dng, 6 l chuyn

giao v 7 l vn hnh, blah, blah
Bn no thch th c th tm hiu chi tit cc giai on th c thm
https://www.ribaplanofwork.com/Download.aspx . Cc giai on thit k c nhc li
y ni l p dng BIM su hay cn, s dng cng ngh g ph thuc rt nhiu vo giai
on thit k.
Cc hnh di l cc cng ngh hoc phn mm m bn mnh ang s dng cho mi giai
on thit k tng ng. Cc bn c th thy l Revit ch l mt im chm nh trong bc
tranh phn mm s dng trong qu trnh BIM, v thng c dng t Stage 2 n 4/5. Bi
th, BIM khng phi ch l REVIT, Navisworks hay m l rt rt nhiu cng ngh v phn
mm c kt hp v dng chung.
Nhc li l y ch l mt trong s cc phn mm m bn mnh la chn v ang dng. Trn
th gii, mi mt phn on ca BIM, c rt nhiu phn mm sn c cho cc bn chn. V
hng ngy cng c nhiu phn mm mi ra i, start-up phn mm cho BIM c th ni l
mt trong nhng ngch bng n nht hin ti. Mnh nhn mnh im ny cc bn b
nh kin BIM l Revit hay mt phn mm no y

Mnh xin i vo chi tit hn cc phn on phn mm s dng trong BIM. Chi tit hn v s
dng phn mm nh th no th mi cc bn n trung tm hoc mua sch v hc

Common Data Environment (CDE) : ci ny nm ngay di di cc giai on thit k v

ko di t Stage 0 n Stage 7.

CDE l ci quan trng nht, l xng sng cho qu trnh BIM. CDE l mi trng thu
thp, qun l, truyn ti v lu tr d liu (hnh hc v phi hnh hc) ca d n. Thng tin
m cc bn tham gia d n to ra phi c trao i trn CDE. Mi d n c duy nht mt
CDE gip cc thnh vin d n d dng cng tc vi nhau v trnh thng tin b trng lp
v nhm ln.
CDE thng c thit lp ngay t u ca d n (0-1), i t thit k (3-4), n thi cng
(5) bn giao (6) , duy tr trong lc vn hnh cng trnh (7) v c gi li ngay c khi cng
trnh b p b. Nu l mt ci CDE tt, th n s cha tt c cc thng tin ca cng trnh.
Chc chn cc bn tng nghe BIM gip trao i thng tin tt hn, cng tc tt hn, thit k
hiu qu hn, thi cng chnh xc hn blah blah blah l nh vo ci ny y .

Ph ph, ton ch l ch m th nhn l vit xong vn thy m h nn ly my ci v d

cho d hiu.
Hin ti mi cng ty thit lp mt mng ni b (intranet) chia s file ni b vi nhau..
Cc cng ty nh tm 10-20 ngi th thit lp cc intranet nh vi 1 vi server nhng cng
phi c ngi duy tu bo dng, ri ro server b chp in hay cng cng cao. Cc
cng ty ln thi c cc Data Center to hn nhng nui i ng k s tin hc cng rt tn.
y l v phn cng, cn phn mm na, d liu trn cc server ni b phn ln u c
qun l theo dng th mc m mi khi tm mt file phi duyt cy th mc cht thi. Cc
cng ty ln hn mt to nh c mt s phn mm qun l ti liu. Tm li, cng vic lu
tr v qun l d liu khng phi l vic ca cng ty xy dng (khoa hc qun l d liu
cha bao gi l d
). mt cng v tin nh th nhng hin ti, trong mt d n, email
vn l phng tin thng dng nht cc cng ty trao i file vi nhau.
Gn y in ton m my (cloud computing) pht trin th cc bn chia s thng tin vi
nhau qua mt mi trng chung nh Dropbox, Google Drive, FTP Cc bn t thng tin
(bn v, sn phm) ln y, ai cn tham kho g th ln ly v. My ci ny tin hn rt
nhiu so vi email nhng m vn l mi trng tnh. Cng l qun l th mc v im yu
na l n khng cho php bn theo di s thay i trong sut qu trnh thit k, m iu
ny l khng th trnh khi. Dropbox cng tt nhng bn ch xem c cc file ph bin
nh .doc, .pdf. Cc file k thut nh dwg hay revit th thc s b tay. Bn phi ti n v, v
my phi ci Revit th mi xem c n l ci g.
Bi th cc bn tham gia thit k vn theo quy trnh giy. Mi ng tham gia d n nh kin
trc, kt cu, in nc... u c mt hp h s (bn v, thng s k thut ca sn
phm), mi ln i hp mi ng mang mi hp i, thay i ch no th nh du , du
xanh iu ny dn n nhiu khi thng tin b mt mt v ng A c th khng s dng
thng tin cui cng m ng B a cho
n khi hon cng th to mt bn copy, qu tri l giy giao cho ch u t, vy l xong.
Ri ci hp giy s c ch u t ct u y m khong 10 nm sau l khng bit n
b ph bi u. Nn trong qu trnh vn hnh (Stage 7), c th ng bo tr phi t to li
thng tin t u, v d mun sn li ci nh th phi t i o li din tch cc phng chng
hn.
Vy l BIM ra i, m ci u tin l mi trng thng tin chung CDE. CDE c nhiu chc
nng, t c Level 2 UK, CDE c vn hnh theo tiu chun PAS 1192-2, di y
mnh gii thiu mt vi chc nng chnh :
1. CDE trc ht l lu tr thng tin trn cloud, cng trnh ca cc bn s c lu tr
u trn th gii, trong cc Data center ca Google, Amazon an ton tuyt i ngang
vi d liu ca cc ngn hng hay b quc phng M
. Bi v d liu trn my nn cc
bn truy c th truy cp bt k khi no v u. Ch cn Ipad v Internet l .

2. CDE cho php bn tm kim d liu bn mun mt cch dng nh dng google vy .
Qua ri ci thi mt duyt cy th mc, yes

3. CDE cho php bn theo di phin bn, ngoi vic upload mt bn v mi, n gi li ht
tt c cc bn v c trc y. N bo m cho bn lun dng thng tin mi nht ca ngi
khc thit k v gip bn so snh, theo di vic g xy ra

4. File Viewer trc tuyn: cc CDE hin ti cho php bn xem gn nh c cc file ph bin
trong xy dng nh doc, pdf, xls, dwg cc m hnh 3D IFC. Ci ny c k li hi bi v cc
bn tham gia khng cn phi ci t qu nhiu phn mm m vn xem c cc thng tin
mnh cn.
V d, trn cng trng, cng nhn ch cn c ci Ipad l c th xem c ht bn v t 2D
n 3D hiu mnh phi lm g ch khng cn phi c ci Dell hay HP Workstation ci t
tt c cc phn mn.

5. Hp tc, kim tra v ng du : vi vic xem c cc bn v ca i tc, cc bn c th

kim tra v ghi nhn xt ca cc bn trn ti liu y mt cch trc tuyn. Cc ghi ch ny
s c thng bo t ng cho i tc.
Mt khi qu trnh kim tra kt thc, cc bn c th chp thun bn v v ng du Release
For Construction trc tuyn lun. Vy l cng nhn mun xy ci g ch vic vo CDE, ti
bn v v, nu bn v c du RFC th in ra v thi hnh. Nu khng th thi.

6. Nh cc d liu c t ln CDE, t thit k n thi cng, nn n khi hon cng, cc

bn s c mt b h s hon cng hon chnh, s ha. Trong giai on vn hnh, cc bn
qun l cng trnh c th xut cc thng tin cn thit gip qun l c tt hn. Ci ny
th n on BIM for Facility Management.

Di y mnh lit k mt s nh cung cp CDE ph bin nc Anh. Cc bn b 5-10

pht, bm vo xem video gii thiu sn phm hiu thm cc CDE l g, cng c th hiu
thm th no l BIM m cc nc ang hng ti. Khng bit VN c nh cung cp CDE
no cha ? Nu cha th cng l mt hay cho cc start-up mt khi nh nc bt buc dng
BIM mt cch ph bin hn.

4Projects ca Viewpoint. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFDpoubpR3Y

Adoddle ca Asite.https://www.asite.com/images/uploads...oddle%2017.mp4

Conject ca Aconex https://info.aconex.com/Video-LP.html

Mt vi nm gn y, cc ng ln v phn mn cng bt u nhy vo CDE, v d nh :

Autodesk vi Autodesk BIM 360 http://bim360.com/ . Nhc li lch s mt cht th

cc bn Autodesk c VAULT, cng to mi trng chia s, lm vic chung v qun l
d liu nhng m sp ti khng bit VAULT i v u

Bentley vi Bentley Connect, ProjectWise. ProjectWise l mt sn phm lu i ca

Bentley quan l d liu. Hin ti c pht trin thm vi th h phn mm
Connect to CDE. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-olg6TEUExU

Trimble vi Trimble Connect https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgaSj7YwXXE, ng

k ny mi vo th trng phn mm xy dng nhng thu tm rt nhiu cc i gia
khc khp ni trn th gii nh Tekla, Vico, Digital Project vi cc gii php cc k
innovation, tng lai chc l vt Autodesk.

Nemetschek vi bim+ https://www.bimplus.net/, anh bim+ ny c v nh l anh mi

nht trn th trng, ra i u nm 2013 th phi.

Ph ph, di qu, hy vng mua vui cho cc bn c mt vi trng canh. S c phn tip
theo...
Thng tin l tt c
OK, n y th xem nh mnh c mt mi trng CDE ngon lnh cnh o trao i
thng tin. Vy by gi chc phi ni mt cht v thng tin Information ci quan trng
nht trong qu trnh BIM.
BIM = Building Information Modeling
Ch Building thng c dch l (1) cng trnh danh t BIM = M hnh Thng tin
Cng trnh. Nhng Building cng c th hiu l (2) ang xy dng ng t BIM = Xy
dng M hnh Thng tin. Mnh ngh cc bn nn hiu theo 2 cch lun cho snh iu = Xy
dng M hnh Thng tin Cng trnh.
Trong BIM, Information l tt c. Information th c nhiu kiu, nhng trch rc ri mnh
ngh trong BIM nn phn ra lm 2 loi l :

1. Thng tin hnh hc (geometry) : l nhng g s m c, gn xy dng hn th l

nhng ci xy lp c
2. Thng tin phi hnh hc (data) hay d liu: l nhng th ch c m khng s nh c
tnh sn phn, thng s k thut

Trong mt m hnh BIM th phn ln ci Data s c lin kt vi Geometry kiu nh Phn

hn lin kt vi Phn xc vy .
Hi lng nhng, nh ? Rng thm 2 ci hnh na ri s kim v d.

Hnh ny l theo thng k Anh v phn b gi tr trong vng i ca mt d n. Theo y

cc bn lm thit k (KTS, KS) lng nh lng nhng nhng ch chim c 3% gi tr cng
trnh. Cc nh thu di nng dm sng nhiu khi mu cht ngi nhng cng ch chim
c 17% gi tr. Tc l phn hnh hc hay xy lp chc ch khong 20% 80% cn li dnh
cho cc bn vn hnh, ngi mt n bt vng, nh. M vn hnh tt, cc bn ny rt cn
cc thng tin phi hnh hc. Tm li, hi dng di nhng thy l cc thng tin phi hnh hc
n rt rt c gi tr.
Ci hnh tip theo s lm cc bn Kin trc s v K s kt cu bun hn na. Hnh ny
song kim hp bch vi hnh trn khng nh thm l cc thng tin hnh hc gim dn s
quan trng trong vng i cng trnh v d nhin ngc li, cc d liu phi hnh hc cng v
sau cng quan trng.

y cc bn c th thy l ci cc bn c th s c thng ch ng l bao so vi ci

khng s c
.
V d cho d hiu nht l ly 2 ci family trong Revit ra so snh vi nhau. Hnh th nht l
family gc ca mt dm ch nht trong Revit. Cc bn c th thy l trong phn Properties,
ngoi kch thc bxh ra, cn li c rt t d liu (data).

Nu em so vi mt ci dm c ty bin l thm vo rt nhiu data, cc bn c th

thy l n qu tri lun, y l mnh cn cha ko ht xung. V d ngoi kch thc hnh
hc, ngi ta cn thm vo:
1. Khi lng thp bc khi lng, vt liu, cng lm gi 5D.
2. Thng tin v nh sn xut, email lin lc khi c chuyn g nh b b, b gy th
cn bit ai m lin lc
3. H cn thm c tiu chun dng tnh dm, a c moment ti hn sau ny l
ti trng c thay i th h c d liu kim tra li dm.
4. ...
5. ...

Ni chung l rt nhiu thng tin i km c th khai thc trong sut vng i ca cng
trnh ph hp vi nhu cu ca ngi s dng. Nhiu iu m ngi ta khng th lm c
ch vi cc thng tin t ci dm c bn ca Autodesk.

Bn mnh hay ni a l m hnh BIM m ch c thng tin hnh hc, khng c hot rt t
thng tin phi hnh hc nh km th nh l xy nh ln nhng khng hon thin.

Hoc nh l ang nhn hnh sp bo tng Madame Tussauds vy, p th p nhng ch

ton sp, ch c cm gic g khi s vo. Hoc l kiu tham p nn chn gi c b mt p
nhng tnh tnh n iu, ch c g hay ho thay v ly c ch cn a nhn nhng ni tm
phong ph dzy . Nh nhin nu c c hai th tt

Tm li, trong quy trnh BIM, cc bn phi tm nim Thng tin, Thng tin v Thng tin.

My ci post trn kh l khi qut ch nhn mnh l thng tin v trao i thng tin l
xng sng ca BIM. Cn lm sao to thng tin (BIM Content), qun l thng tin, BIM
hot ng theo tiu chun, quy trnh g, cc Level ca BIM tc l c th hn thc hnh
c mnh s trnh by sau. Ch nhiu qu s tu ha nhp ma mt
.
Ni chuyn l thuyt chng bao gi l ti hp dn c. Tr v gii thiu cng ngh cho th
gin vy. Quay tr li ci hnh post u tin th cng ngh c dng tip theo sau CDE l
Augmented Reality (AR) = Tng cng thc t, mnh thy trn mt s web ting vit dch l
th .

Tng cng thc t AR l cng ngh dng chn thm cc thng tin s (digital
information) nh l hnh nh, m hnh 3D hay video vo mi trng thc (real-time
environment). AR thm v xp chng cc vt th o ln mt mt ci nhn ca th gii tht,
bi vy mi gi l b sung hay tng cng thc t.
Ly minh ha l tr chi Pokemon ang cc ht m chc l c nhiu bn ang chi cho d
hiu. S vic ch n gin l bn a in thoi ca mnh chiu ln bi t trng bn hng
nh, th no t dng xen ln gia cy c (th gii thc) li c thm ch Pokmon 3D (vt
th o) d thng hin ra bn sn. Gp in thoi li th ch thy Pokemon u m cy
c xung quanh th vn tht nh th, nh l ma vy.

Vy cng ngh ny dng th no trong xy dng ?

Bi gii cc bn ngh th no nu thay ch Pokmon bng phi cnh 3D ca cng trnh?
Kch bn l cc bn dn khch hng ra bi t m d n mun xy v a iPad ln. ng
nh bnh thng th trn iPad ch hin ra mnh t vi cc nh xung quanh (mi trng
thc) thi. Nhng sang chnh th no, ln ny tt c mi ngi u thy cn nh tng lai
(i tng o) nm gn gng trn mnh t, xen ln vi cc cng trnh tht xung quanh,
whao !!!.

Trong giai on thit k s b (Stage 0-2), kin trc s thng ch cn dng hnh khi hay

to vo nh phi cnh... ca cc phng n bng cc phn mm dng hnh nhanh

SketchUP, 3dsMax, Rhino, ri trnh cho ch u t xem.
Nu p dng cng ngh ny, th nh tng trn, cc bn c th cng nhau ra thc a
xem cng trnh tng lai ra sao v tng tc th no vi mi trng xung quanh. iu
ny gip cc bn chn phng n tt hn nn rt ngn c thi gian thit k.
Cc bn chu kh b 1 pht 13 giy xem ci video di y hiu thm vn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RrYN4PHvoY

Xa hn mt cht, mt khi thit k c chi tit hn, cc cn h c thit k xong trn bn

v. y l lc cc cc bn bn hng lm vic. Thay v ch c xem bn v 2D, khch hng
chc s n tng hn nu c nhn thy cn h tng lai ca mnh p lung linh bng 3D
vi y ni tht, hn na li c th s s m m xoay qua xoay li trn c, Whao !!!

Mnh c ci video phc v cc bn :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyYUJcYJzb4
Cc bn ng nhm cng ngh tng cng thc t (AR) ny vi cng ngh thc t o (VR).
VR l bn phi mang b knh c bit (~1000usd) ri i trong th gii o 100% lun. Cn
AR chng cn g ht, nn ch thm tin u t, qun, ch cn in thoi hay my tnh
bng, my ci ny xem nh phng tin c sn.
S d AR l mt phn ca BIM bi v AR cng ch khai thc m hnh m cc bn to ra lc
thit k. Nm na l (1) bn to m hnh bng Revit, Archicad hay bt k nh thit k bnh
thng, (2) upload m hnh y ln trang web ca cng ty c dch v AR, (3) ci phn mm
ca h ln in thoi hay my tnh bng, (4) gn m hnh o ca bn vi mt vt th hay
a im tht no y, vy l (5) khi bn chiu in thoi vo vt th y l m hnh o s
hin ra cng vi thc t xung quanh. D nh l chi Pokmon vy .
Hin ti, c mt s nh cung cp AR va tm l :

1. Augment, http://www.augment.com/augmented-reality-architecture/, ng anh ny

hay lm, hin cho ng k th min ph 30ngy, bn no mun th th ngay i, ch
cn mt m hnh, mt iphone hay ipad hay android cc k th v.
2. Seeable, http://seeable.co.uk/augmented-reality-from-bim/
3. AR-media, http://www.armedia.it/
Mnh ngh tng lai, cng vi BIM, cng ngh ny s c ng dng nhiu bi v n khai
thc c thng tin t BIM mt cch n gin, hiu qu v tit kim.
Gii tr cui tun cho cc bn mun xem thm v AR, tin mnh i, cc bn s thy rt vui v
bt ng, 1 pht 23 giy thi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwt-mgxq_ao

Ni chuyn thng tin, cng ngh, gi g nh nhng vy l ri ha, by gi khng th vng

vo trn trnh c na, ni chuyn nghim tc thi. bi u mnh c ni s l mnh mun
gii thiu vi cc bn tr BIM Level 2 ca Anh, vy n l ci g ?
Quay li lch s mt to th sau ca khng hong xy dng vo nm 2007-2010, hnh nh
qu ta cng c b th phi, bt ng sn v bong bng g g . Chnh ph anh quyt nh
u t vo xy dng hiu qu hn, v mt trong nhng vic l h mun p dng cng
ngh thng tin vo xy dng, vy l h thnh lp cc nhm lm vic v BIM, BIM Task
Group http://www.bimtaskgroup.org. Nhim v ca group l thnh lp cc tiu chun
hng dn s dng BIM cc bn tham gia bit c th BIM n l ci chi chi, quyn v
ngha v c th ca mnh l g trong quy trnh BIM. Ch c nh trc y, mi ng ra khi
vi ci thuyn tn BIM ca mnh nhng khng bit khi no cp bn v u

H t ra l trnh l n thng 04 nm 2016 th cc d n cng phi t c BIM Level 2.

Cc ng t nhn th ty. Ci hnh di y gii thiu s v cc Level ca BIM c nh
ngha trong cc tiu chun ca Anh, cc bn c th thy dng Standards (BS1192,
BS8541, PAS 11192). H nh da trn cc tiu ch chnh l k thut s dng (technical),

mc hp tc gia cc bn vi nhau (collaborative working), tnh tng thch d liu

(interoperable data)

Theo th Level 0, cc bn dng CAD, nhng CAD khng c chun ha (unmanaged

CAD). V d l cc phn mm CAD c bn qun l i tng bng Layer, nhng cc bn t
tn layer chng theo chun no c. ng kin trc t tn layer mu sc mt kiu, ng K s
cng theo kiu ca ng, tn layer trm hoa ua n, ngay trn mt bn v nhiu khi cc
i tng ging nhau cng khng nm trn mt layer, nt ca ng dm nhiu lc nm trn
layer ca ng ct. y l mnh ly v d qu ln th minh ha ch hy vng cc bn
khng b li ny. y l k thut, cn hp tc th cc bn ch yu trao i bng giy.
trnh tnh trng Im superman ca Level 0, Level 1 bt cc bn tr thnh ngi bnh
thng hn mt to l phi c t chc hn (managed cad). Ct li l CAD phi t chc theo
tiu chun BS 1192, t vic t tn (naming convention) cho layer (v d bn v kin trc
th bt u bng ch A, kt cu th bt u S), i tng no nm trn layer ca i tng
y, tn v s hiu bn v cng phi theo th t logic, t chc cy th mc cng c
chun ha Cc bn mun tham kho c th tm BS 1192 trn mng, nu khng ra th PM
cho mnh.
Cn v m hnh 3D, v d nh Revit, nu cc bn dng revit ch nh l mt phng tin
trin khai bn v (drafting tool). M hnh ch c cc generic family m khng c thng tin i
km, m hnh ca bn khng giao tip c vi m hnh ca cc i tc. Welcome to BIM
Level 1
Cc bn ang lm BIM nhng l Lonely BIM BIM c n ?.
y l v k thut CAD 2D & 3D v cn v hp tc th Level 1 cng phi c mi trng trao
i file chung (CDE), c th l trao i file tnh nh google drive, dropbox ch khng cn

ngon lnh nh my ci mnh gii thiu trn kia (Level 2).

Level 2 l quy trnh bt buc u t 04/2016, Level 2 ch trng n vic tch hp d liu a
ngnh (multi-disciplinary) trong thit k v xy dng. Nm na l hp tc gia cc bn nhiu
hn m hp tc c th d liu phi c t chc tt hn.
Nu Level 0 cho bn t do, Level 1 gii hn hn 1 to (ch c tiu chun BS 1192-2 v BS
8541-2) th n Level 2 bn phi vo khun kh thc s, h h, ti v li ch n nhiu nhng
cc giao thc phi tun theo n cng lm. Ci ny cng d hiu thi, lm vic mt mnh cho
php mnh d nht di. Cng theo nhm th cng b rng buc. Level 2 i hi s cng tc
ca nhiu ngi, nhiu b mn v trong sut mt thi gian di. Vy nn phi c cc giao
thc bt buc s hp tc c trn tru, hiu qu. V quan trng hn, phi c con ngi
chu hp tc vi nhau v cng hp tc vi cc nguyn tc. Bi th, khi ni n BIM ngi ta
hay ni Con ngi, Cng ngh, Quy Trnh.
t c Level 2 th c cc yu cu c bn l:

Cc b mn phi s dng cc phn mm BIM to m hnh, duy tr v sa i n

trong qu trnh BIM. Phn mm BIM khng nht thit phi ging nhau. V d kin
trc s s dng ArchiCAD, kt cu s dng Revit Structure. H thng k thut (MEP)
c th dng Autocad MEP.

Cc m hnh phi giao tip c vi nhau (social BIM = BIM x hi

), hoc trc
tip vi nhau (v d Revit Architecture v Revit Structure) hoc bc cu qua phn
mm th 3 thng qua m hnh lin bang (model federation bn no c t no hay
hn th b sung), v d cc phn mm c th kt hp c nhiu m hnh vi nh
dng gc nh Autodesk Navisworks, Bentley Project Navigator, Tekla BIMSight v
Solibri Model Checker.
Sau khi kt hp cc m hnh ring l li vi nhau trong mt m hnh lin bang
(federated model), cc phn mm ny cho php xut m hnh lin bang thnh mt
file khc m ci file ny li bo m gi nguyn v tr hnh hc v d liu i km ca
cc m hnh con ban u. Trong tiu chun Anh PAS-1192-2, cc file xut ra t m
hnh lin bang gi l m hnh biu din model rendition.

y l thng tin hnh hc, cn cc d liu thng mi s c qun l bi mt h

thng hoch nh ti nguyn doanh nghip (Enterprise Resource Planning ERP).
Mt phn mm ERP l cho php tch hp phn ln cc nng ca mt t chc hay
doanh nghip vo mt h thng duy nht. V d thay v phi s dng cc phn mm
k ton, nhn s - tin lng, qun tr sn xut song song, c lp th EPR gom tt
c li vo chung 1 gi phn mm vi cc chc nng tng ng. Li ch ca ERP l cc
chc nng s hot ng da trn cng mt d liu (ti nguyn cng ty).

ERP l h thng qun tr doanh nghip, vy lin quan g n BIM ?

Nh nhc li nhiu ln, BIM l thng tin, thng tin qun l c (managed data) v l c
s d liu tng thch (database compatible). V d di y l cc thng tin xut ra t m
hnh Revit di dng Microsoft Access.

Vy by gi mnh c th nhp ton b thng tin (c s d liu) ny vo h thng ERP ca

cng ty l cc b phn ca cng ty nh k ton, mua sm, bn hng, qun l d n, bo
tr c th khai thc c. iu ny chng t l, BIM, ct li l mt giao din ha (Front
end) ca mt c s d liu ng sau (database).
Bn no hng th th search BIM ERP integration tm hiu thm.
y l phn khi nim, cn v tiu chun th BIM Level 2 c mong i l tha mn cc
tiu chun v hng dn sau:
1. PAS 1192-2 : 2013 : Tiu chun k thut v qun l thng tin cho giai on u t /
chuyn giao cho d n xy dng s dng BIM
2. PAS 1192-2 : 2014 : Tiu chun k thut v qun l thng tin cho giai on vn
hnh cho d n xy dng s dng BIM
3. PAS 1192-4 : 2014 : Cc yu cu v trao i thng tin s dng COBie Hng dn
s dng
4. PAS 1192-5 : 2015: BIM v vn bo mt
5. Giao thc BIM (ti liu ca CIC)
6. GSL Government Soft Landing
7. dPOW Digital Plan of Works
8. H thng phn loi Uniclass2015

Level 3 l g ? Thi, chng mnh nn dng li 2 Level hc hnh cho tt, nh

Nh thng l, cc bn c th tm thy cc tiu chun trn nh c google, bn no tm

khng c th PM cho mnh. Bi sau mnh s ni chi tit hn v cc tiu chun ny nht l
phn (5 - Protocol) giao thc bi v n l mt trong nhng Keyword ca BIM.
y l s b v cc Level BIM Anh. Trong cuc b du hin ti ai khng nghe ni n BIM
th khng phi l ngi lm trong ngnh xy dng nn BIM s l xu hng bt buc sp ti.
C nc bt buc phi dng t trn xung bi chnh ph nh Anh, Na Uy, Phn Lan, UAE,
Hn Quc, Singapore C mt s nc th p dng i t di ln. Ngay bn cnh qu ta,
ng Singapore c cc hng dn v BIM rt l tin tin,
https://www.bca.gov.sg/bim/bimlinks.html
Singapore BIM Guide https://www.corenet.gov.sg/media/586...M-Guide_V2.pdf
BIM Essential Guide https://www.corenet.gov.sg/general/b...al-guides.aspx
Thc s mnh khng bit tn hnh VN th no, c bn no bit th vui lng chia s. Du th
no th th gii cng ngy cng phng nn hy vng trong 5-10 nm na Vit Nam ta c th
qu qua Level 2 v p dng lun BIM Level 3. I have dream .
Hn cc bn bi sau ti v tic chnh vn cha bt u... (c bn no l c th cho t
feedback cn iu chnh cho cc bi sau
)
C mt bn PM hi mnh l cc bi trn l dch t ngun no ri b sung hay t tm tt.
Mnh xinh tr li l phn ln u xo nu li kin thc mnh hc v lm vi cc cc bn t
bn nn ng l va dch v va din nm

Bn cng hi l c th lu li v lm d liu c khng. i qu ha qu, ngi vit ra ch

mong c nhiu ngi c
Bn gip mnh pht tn khp ni nu c th. Bn cn lu li
na th phn khi qu. Ch lu l trong cc bi, c mt s hnh nh mnh ly t trong sch
hoc trn mng ch khng phi ca mnh lm ra m li ghi ngun mt cch ng n. y
l v mnh ch dng tn tn dc v phi li nhun, nn bn dng chm gi th khng sao
nhng lm thng mai th mnh khng bit

V d ci hnh di y mnh ly t wiki. y l nguyn tc 1% hay nguyn l 90-9-1 ca

internet. Trn mng, c 90% ngi c (lurkers, only view), 9% tham gia xo nu li ni
dung (contributors, edit content) v ch c 1% l sng tc ra cc thng tin mi (creators,
new content).
Mnh thnh thong c gng tham gia nhm 9% thi, ci 1% kh lm.

Chiu theo yu cu ca bn anhductran, mnh s dng hnh nh mt s cng trnh cy nh

l vn minh ha. ng l mnh phi gii thch chi tit cc tiu chun ca BIM trn
kia nhng thi, hon li ch nhiu l thuyt qu s lm mi ngi chn. Mnh tn dc mt
cht v cng ngh vy.
By gi chc cc bn thng thy cc thut ng nh 3D, 4D hay 5D xut hin thng
xuyn trn bo. Ba mn ny gi l ba mn phi hp c bn ca BIM (BIM Coordination).
Mnh dch tm ch Coordination bng Phi Hp nhng m c v nh khng chun lm bi

v Coordination din nm l mang cc phn li vi nhau so snh/kim tra bo m

cc bn hot ng ng b vi nhau. Ch Phi hp c v khng mang tnh kim tra trong
y. Khng bit bn no c t no chun hn khng?
Thc t c thm t 6D nhng hin ti vn cha c p dng hon thin nh cc bn 3D,
4D v 5D nn s xem xt sau.
Mn u l 3D Design Coordination = Phi hp thit k 3D
ca BIM, d dng m mang li hiu qu cao.

. Mn ny l mn c bn nht

3D Coordination trc ht dng loi b cc thng tin li hoc khng ng b trong thit
k v thi cng, ng thi gip ci tin cht lng thit k/thi cng. C mt s vic chnh l
:
1. Duyt cht lng ca tng b h s (bn v, thng s) v kim tra xem h s
ca cc b mn c ng b vi nhau khng.
2. Kim tra cng trnh tng lai so vi mi trng hin ti: v d bn c scan 3D ca
cng trnh hin ti, kt hp d liu ny vi m hnh d n c th thy cng trnh
tng lai c n khng?
3. Kim tra xung t, va chm giu cc b mn
4. Gip cung cp tng quan v khng gian t chc xy dng hp l, d ton khi
lng cho tng nhim v thi cng
5. Gip d bo an ton, t chc giao thng, vn hnh v bo tr.

PAS 1192-2 gii thiu kh chi tit v phi hp khng gian (spatial co-ordinate), theo th
3D Coordination l nhim v chnh ca 3 ng:

1. Ph trch k thut (Technical Coordinator hay k s) ca tng b mn : cc ng

ny chu trch nhim tnh v lm m hnh ca tng b mn ( Anh/Php, k s gn
nh chng c lm m hnh, ton giao cho cc ng BIM Modeler )
2. Kin trc s/K s ch tr thit k
3. Ph trch BIM (BIM Coodinator): ng ny chu trch nhim lm m hnh lin bang
(federated model) nh nh ngha BIM Level 2 trn.

Chuyn d nhin l trc khi lm 3D Coordination th phi c m hnh 3D m phi hp

phng . Vic lm m hnh nh th no cc bn phi hp c vi nhau l mt
chuyn di l th. N thng c quy nh trong Bn K Hoch Trin Khai BIM (BEP =
BIM Execution Plan) ca tng d n v/hay theo Tiu chun BIM (BIM standard) ca tng
cng ty.
Mnh a 2 khi nim BIM Execution Plan (BEP) v BIM Standard mt cch p m y
cc bn cc bn hnh dung t t. Hai ng ch ny cc k quan trng cho vic trin
khai BIM ca mt doanh nghip. Mnh s gii thiu chi tit (BIM Protocols) sau ch chc
cc bn nn nh 2 keywords ny l cc k quan trng.
V d thc hin vic 3D Coordination th cc bn phi ng vi nhau mt s vic nh:
1. Phn mm lm m hnh, m hnh t chc nh sao
2. Dng Mi trng trao i chung no (CDE)
3. t tn file m hnh, theo di thay i.
4. Bao nhiu ngy thi upload m hnh mi ln CDE

Ri, (1) c nhim v-mc ch, (2) c ngi ph trch v (3) c m hnh chun ri nn (4)
l tin hnh lm thi:
1. Trc ht dng ci m hnh 3D b sung duyt bn v s nhanh hn nhiu so vi
vic ch lt tng bn 2D hoc bn giy mt.
Nguyn tc ca BIM l Thng tin t mt ngun duy nht, tt c cc bn v 2D
u phi c xut t m hnh 3D, m hnh 3D trn CDE l m hnh duy nht nn
bn bo m bn duyt l bn mi nht, nu mt bng ng th xc sut mt ct
cng ng theo cng ln hn bi v t mt m hnh m ra...
Ci ny n gin v quen qu minh khng di dng.
2. Kim tra xung t (clash detection), hin c nhiu phn mm to cc m hnh
lin bang t nhiu m hnh con kim tra xung t nh Autodesk Navisworks,
Bentley Project Navigator, Tekla BIMSight v Solibri Model Checker hay ngay trong
cc CDE cng c th lm c mt cch s khai. Cc bn lm mt vng google

bit thm chi tit.

V d ci d n ny bn mnh c n mi my ci m hnh con to bi cc i tc khc

nhau (kin trc, kt cu, scan 3D), tt c c chia s trn CDE Viewpoint 4Project
cho cng trnh ny.

Th s nht l lm 3D Coordination trn CDE bi v cc anh ny mi ch l viewer l ch

yu. Trn CDE, mnh c th xem tng m hnh mt hay c th to federated model bng
cch kt hp 2 hay nhiu m hnh vo ( xem 2 hnh di y, hnh u ch c kt cu,
hnh hai kt hp thm k thut MEP). Bn ln qua mt lt ri tm li bng mt

thay i ni dung bi: tal, cch y 2 tun lc 10:23 AM

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#15
: BIM cho ngi mi hc

Cn bnh thng th cc bn BIM Coordinator s lm trong cc phn mm

chuyn dng. Hc phn mm th mi cc bn ln mng hoc ra trung tm
nhng mnh thy l khng kh.
V d trong Navisworks cc bn ch cn Append (hnh 1) nhiu m hnh con l
c m hnh lin bang (hnh 2) (federated model), sau y kim tra xung t
(hnh 3) v bo co kt qu (hnh 4, 5)

i, vit bi th ny th sng qu, ton hnh khng l hnh, vit kiu ny

ng no chuyn ng sng vi.
My ci trn vi cc bn lm Navisworks th l mui, mnh a ln ch minh
ha 3D Coordination l chuyn c tht, ang c dng cho nhiu cng trnh v
t hiu qu tin ti thc tht
(my ci hnh y l ca cng trnh ~ 250
triu bng). My ci trn cc bn c th quen trong Navisworks nhng ci di
y c th l mi, l xut bo co ra dng BCF = Building Collaboration
Format.

Ci ny l cng ngh kh mi trong vic lm report cho Clash Detection. Thay

v xut cc xung t mt cch tnh nh bn gc ca Navis, c nhiu cng ty
cung cp Add-in cho Navis, solibri, cho php bn lu li Viewport ch xung
t, a trc tip ln CDE hoc cloud gi thng cho cc bn. Cc phn addin ny cho php bn theo di cc xung t c sa hay cha
My ci ny l b sung tuyt vi cho Clash Detection:

iConstruct, http://www.iconstruct.com/, https://www.youtube.com/watc

h?v=_rtG3Rd2YUc

BIMCollab, http://www.bimcollab.com/en/default.aspx

BIM Track, https://bimtrack.co/

Mn phi hp tip theo l 4D (K hoch, phn on v phng php - planning, phasing,

methods) hay cn gi l 3D + Thi gian. 4D thng c s dng chi tit trong giai on 4
v 5 gip vic thi cng. Tuy nhin, n cng c s dng trong giai on 2 v 3 tuy ch
mc hot hnh d on tin v lm p h s cho ch u t.

4D thng c lm bi 2 ng chnh l ng lp tin (planner) v ng ph trch cc

phng n thi cng (methods engineer). D nhin cc ng khc nh kts hay ks cng c th
tham gia nhng ph trch chnh vn l hai ng trn. Hai ng ny ngi li vi nhau phn tch
nn thi cng th no, mi cu kin ht bao thi gian, theo trnh t no...
Li ch ca 4D l nhiu v c th k ra mt s bn nh:
1. Vic u tin l 4D p v n tng nn dng bn hng rt tt. Ni a ch hin
ti 4D l cng c chng minh cc gii php k thut tt nht. By gi cc cng ty
i u thu, trong h s thng km theo mt ci video 4D (1)chng minh cho
ch u t bit l bn tao lm c v (2) lm ng tin . C 4D cha chc bn
thng nhng khng c th bit chc l c nhiu im tr.
2. Vi vic thi cng o (virtual construction) v r m cng trnh (work breakdown
structure) cu kin bi cu kin r rng gip cc bn:
o

Hiu r hn d n.

Pht hin cc li, ri ro c th c phng n ph hp

Pht hin cc im bt hp l trong tin v phng n thi cng

3. Cho php bn nghin cu cc phng n thi cng khc nhau t c cc tin ti

u.
Mnh lp li chc l tha nhng tin trong mt d n l cc k quan trng. Cc
bn lm kt cu c th tnh ton ti u tit kim vi kilogrammes thp nhng
chng l g so vi tit kim c tin thi cng. Ngoi cng trng, nhiu khi nh
thu khng i c thit k chi tit t t vn m thi cng lun m bo tin .
Chp nhn quay li sa cha hoc p b gi nhp cycle. Kt cu qun l bi k
s nhng m tin th bi gim c d n nn ci no quan trng hn th bit ngay
ha.
4. D bo vt liu, nhn cng, cho tng nhim v thi cng
5. Vic tch hp cng trnh tng lai vo mi trng hin ti gip bn t chc cng
trng tt hn (nh t chc giao thng, giao nhn vt liu, d tr)
6. v nhiu na...

lm 4D th cc th cn c l:
1. M hnh 3D, d nhin ri. C th m cng ni. Nhng, nhng...
Mnh nhc nhiu ln ri nhng thm ln na chc cng khng tha, BIM Level 2 l
thit k da trn cc m hnh 3D (3D model-based design). Nhng khng phi l cc
m hnh c c (lonely model) m phi l cc m hnh c ch (design intend
model) tc l m hnh phi th hin c ch lm g ca kin trc s hay k

s.
V d nho nh cho d hiu l cng trnh bn c bc tng cao 10m, nu m hnh ch
dng trin khai bn v (v mt xut bn v th 2 ci tng di y th hin nh
nhau) th bn ch cn v base level = 0, top level = 10m l n. Nhng m hnh tng
10m th cc bn ph trch thi cng khng dng c, n gin l cc bn khng
mun tng 10m mt pht mt. Vy l v phng n thi cng, cc bn phi
dng cc cng c khc ct tng ra lm 2 hay 3 on hoc l v li ci tng mi
vi kch thc ph hp. D nhin l trong lc lm th cc bn s lm bm chi th
kiu m thng ch bit v, ch bit g v xy dng.
Tm li, nu m hnh ca bn ngay t u th hin c ch ca k s (thi cng
theo 2 hay 3 t) th s trnh c mt khon thi gian lng ph m cc bn li tn
trng v c cm tnh hn vi nhau. Cc bn methods cng chi th nhng kiu Ma,
thng c, lm m hnh ngon, c hiu bit, v d th.

2. M hnh ca cc cng trinh xung quanh v a hnh (topography)

3. Cc cng trnh tm v my mc trn cng trnh
4. Gin gio v cc phng tin thi cng

5. Tin ca cng trnh (Microsoft Project, Primavera, Asta Power Projects )

Nh thng l, xinh mi cc bn ra trung tm hc phn mm, mnh ch gii thiu s s

cc bc tin hnh minh ha 4D l g:
1. Nhp mt hoc nhiu file m hnh (v d m hnh Revit di y vo Synchro, hnh 1
di y)
2. Nhp file tin , r cng trnh ra lm nhiu phn (WBS = Work Breakdown
Structure), v d file Primavera
3. Lin kt m hnh vi tin l c 4D, v d trong Synchro. bc ny cc bn thy
r ti sao li phi lm m hnh c ch (intend model) nh v d trn. Bi v
thng mt cu kin ID gn vi mt tin , nn nu cu kin ca bn gn vi 3
dng tin l ci 4D ca bn s khng chnh xc na.

(rt tic l mnh khng th share ci file ny c, cc bn c th tm trn youtube mt vi

v d v 4D, v d ci ny https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIOZWKMV9xs cho cc bn
ci nhn tng qut v 4D).
Bn cnh vic lm tin v video, 4D cn cho cc bn lm cc vic khc c th hn trn
cng trng nh:

Phn on thi cng : th t thi cng cc cu kin, kch thc, khi lng

Cc bn v thi cng nh h thanh chng, cc gii php an ton cng trnh, phng
php thi cng,

Hin c nhiu cng c c th lm 4D v d nh:

Synchro Pro - Synchro : ng ch ny l th h phn i sau, hin i v y hn

so vi Navisworks (y l kin ch quan).

Digital Project Trimble : ng ch ny c dng cho cc cng trnh c hnh hc

phc tp

Navisworks Autodesk

Vico sofware Trimble

iTWO RIB Sofware

Tng th th lm g cng ph thuc nhn lc c. Nh mnh ni bng gi trc, Con Ngi

l phn c bn trong BIM. C mt s ng ch cn bo l chim n 90% s thnh cng khi
p dng, 10% cn li l Quy trnh v Cng ngh.
Trc ht v tin thit k + thi cng trong d n Design&Build, chnh ra Design 3D li
thch ng nhanh hn cho vic thay i phng n thit k. n gin l thay 3D th bn c c
detail v mt ct... Vn l trong giai on thit k no th m hnh ca bn nn p dng
Level of Development (LOD) no? Ci ny trong BIM Execution Plan ca bn phi quy nh
r.

Vn v cht lng bn v t m hnh 3D, mnh ngh nu bn phi chnh sa 2D sau khi
xut t 3D sang th tht s bn nn xem li cht lng m hnh 3D ca bn. V d nu bn
dng Revit th nn xem li template ca cng ty. Ch xt ring k thut trin khai bn v
kin trc v kt cu khng thi th bn mnh cm dng autocad lu ri . Bn v t Revit
sang pdf v ra cng trng. Nu c markup th trc tip trn pdf trn CDE hoc bng
Bluebeam. Cn v mt BIM th d liu phi t mt ngun duy nht, tc l nu bn v 3D
phn th, ri detail li bng Cad th khng gi l BIM Level 2 na ri.
Ci 4D th nh mnh vit qua, ngoi p v n tng khi trnh by, va dng c cho c
tin tng th va dng review k thut cho tng chi tit... p dng n u th ty mc
phc tp ca d n.
Ci 5D th mnh s trnh by sau. Nhng khng nh l n hin ti 3 mn phi hp 3D - 4D
- 5D l pht trin v hiu qu nht, trong quy trnh BIM. n gin l v nhng ci ny trc
khi c BIM mi ngi vn lm. BIM gip mi ngi h thng li, phi hp vi nhau nhiu
hn cng vi cng ngh hin ti gip loi b cc bc tha v cc li hay gp khi dng 2D.
6D, 7D, COBie ng l ang c tng bc trin khai, n gin l v n mi. Nu cc bn
th phn gii thiu BIM Level 2, mnh vit l "BIM Level 2 c mong i l tha mn
cc tiu chun...". Cc bn ch l "c mong i - expectation" ch khng phi bt buc
nh. Chng ti c cc tiu chun v nh hng s dng nh th, cc bn lm n tun theo
tiu chun nhng cc phn hng dn s dng m qu kh th cc bn thc hin n u
hay n y, ty cc bn. Phn mong ch ny ch yu l ci 6D, 7D v COBie ny.
y, tuy cha dng ht c nhng t nht l c ci g y r rng mi ngi hng n,
cha p dng 6D, 7D cho ton b cng trnh c th thi dc phn no hay phn y v
d b ca hay ci bn cu chng hn
mt ln ln nh lun th e l kh.

. Phi nhp trc, tha mn tng phn mt, ch

Trc khi bt u mt d n BIM, cc bn bt buc phi ngi li vi nhau trnh by mnh

mong mun g v mnh lm c g cho nhau. Mnh lm 3D, 4D, 5D thi nh hay mnh ti
bn 6D, 7D, COBie... n chi khng s ma ri nh anh. Ri ty vo y m mnh c
phng n trin khai BIM cho ph hp.
Ni chung cn nhiu chuyn vit, t gch y ri vit sau:

Thc s l nu cng ty bn Technicalman ang lm BIM v theo bn m t th mnh ngh

bn nn xem li tiu chun BIM ca bn (BIM Protocols / Standard).
Tip bc 3D, 4D mnh xinh gii thiu lun 5D = 4D + D Ton (costing). trnh lc
v nhanh nhanh quay li phn l thuyt, nn mnh khng di dng on 5D ny.
Cng nh 3D v 4D, cc bn c th thy l c kh nhiu phn mm chuyn dng h tr
cc bn bn cnh cc phn mm lm m hnh 3D. lm 5D chng hn, c mt s ng
ch nh Causeway, CostX, Vico D nhin phn 5D ny phi c ph trch bi k s d
ton (estimating engineer).

u im ln ca BIM 5D c th l on trch xut khi lng. Hin ti vn cn nhiu cng

ty bc tch khi lng bng cch in bn v ra giy, t mu ri o bng tay
. C mt s
cng ty th bc khi lng t file pdf bng cc phn mm nh On-Screen Takeoff, Active
Takeoff hoc Bluebeam Ch c bton l dm vi sn vi ct th cn chu c ch ng
n cc phn trang thit b vi hon thin kin trc th thi ri lm i, khng bit lc no
mi xong v c chnh xc khng. Vi BIM, bn c sn m hnh 3D th ti sao khng bc
lun
.
Ch lu l cc cng ty khc nhau s dng phn mm d ton khc nhau, phng php
lm d ton cng khc nhau nn s liu u vo nhiu khi khc nhau.
Bi vy nu ch dng cc chc nng trch xut khi lng c sn ca cc phn mm 3D
(BIM Platform), v d Revit, th khi lng u ra khng dng c (khc format
). Nn
cc cng ty thng c cc Add-in i km xut khi lng ph hp vi u vo ca cc
phn mm chuyn dng m mnh ang dng.

Mnh ngh trong tng lai, cc nh sn xut phn mm 3D cng khng ci tin phn trch
xut khi lng ny lm m mnh t cho cc cng ty phn mm nh chuyn lm cc
phn mm tch hp theo yu cu ca tng cng ty. Cc bn no yu thch phn mm, c
th khai thc phn ny lm sn phm bn c
.
Nhn tin mnh cng nhc li ci v d m hnh c ch phn 4D thy l mt ln
na, khi lm m hnh phi ch n vic s dng ca cc bn v sau (intend model). V
d ci tng cao 10m, khi ly khi lng tng th nh nhau nhng tnh gi thnh cho
tng tng ca cng trnh th phi chia tng ny thnh tng tng, nh vy khi lng
tng tng mi chnh xc v d ton cng vy. y l cha ni n phng php thi cng,
chuyn thi cng tng 10m chiu cao mt ln th phng tin k thut khc hn thi cng
thnh nhiu on 3-4m.
Bn cnh y, cc family cng phi c cc thng tin ph hp bn trch xut (v d khi
lng thp trong dm theo th tch kg/m chng hn khi bn c th tch bton, bn c
lun khi lng thp).

Vy l cc bn c (1) khi lng t 3D, (2) Phng php v t chc thi cng ( bit dng
gin gio g v bao nhiu ngi chng hn) v (3) tin ( bit thi gian thu gin gio
v s dng nhn cng v d th) t 4D. Cc bn c (4) gi vt liu v (5) gi nhn cng t
c s d liu ca cng ty (ci PolyBrain hnh trn). Vy l cc bn c th lm gi c
ri
.
Tam quc mt to l hnh nh nh mnh lm d ton phi theo n gi vt liu v nhn
cng a ra bi tng tnh thnh. Anh vi Php th khng c ci n gi nh nc no
p dng c. Chc l kinh t th trng nn cc cng ty t lo gi vi nhau v c vt liu ln

nhn cng. Mi cng ty thng c mt c s d liu ln lu tr cc gi thnh, hoc l rt

kinh nghim t cc cng trnh trc, hoc l theo tha thun hng nm vi cc nh cung
cp (framework contract). Mnh c thc mc l trn mt cng trnh, cc bn mua thp t
Trung Quc, nhm knh t Th Nh K, cu kin b tng c sn t B, vy theo n gi
nh nc th bit lm th no ?
Tm li nu m hnh 3D ca cc bn c dng mt cch ph hp (cng BIM Standards)
v l cc m hnh c ch (intend model) th cc bn hon ton c th thc hin cc b
mn phi hp 3D-4D-5D mt cch hiu qu trong qu trnh thit k v thi cng (n
Stage 5).
D nhin BIM cn ko di n Stage 6 (chuyn giao) v Stage 7 (vn hnh) nh ci hnh
u tin. Mnh s quay li cc ng ch ny sau. By gi chc lm mt t l thuyt cho
n hn lm.
thay i ni dung bi: tal, cch y 1 tun lc 12:51 AM

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#23
BIM Content

Bi v cc bn kt cu yu thch cng ngh v phn mm nn mnh bt u cc

bi vit bng ci hnh BIM Softwares (hnh bi #1). Mnh do qua cc ng
dng ca BIM song song vi cng ngh cc bn hnh dung s s BIM c th
lm c g v lm th no. y ch l v mt cng ngh v phn mm.
Thc ra nhng ci mnh vit trn rt gn gi vi cc bn lm kt cu. Ci mi
VN c l l ci mi trng trao i thng tin chung CDE (Common Data
Environment). Ci ny da trn in ton m my (cloud) v cc nh cung
cp ch yu ang trin khai cc nc pht trin. C ci Autodesk 360 th
khng bit c bn no VN dng th cha nhng so vi my ci CDE m mnh
gii thiu trn th Autodesk 360 cn thua xa.
Ci tuyt vi ca cc BIM Task Group ca chnh ph Anh l to ra c cc tiu
chun v BIM (BIM Standards) v cc bc tin hnh mt cch r rng (BIM
Workflow) cho mi ngi tham gia. Mnh s c gng do qua mt lt cc th
linh ny bng mt ci hnh tm tt di y:

Theo cc bn c th thy l phn Softwares c khoanh trn ch l mt

phn phi chun b giai on khi im Stage 0. Bn cnh phn mm, cc
bn phi chun b Protocols, Templates, Components.
Hc hc, nhiu qu, tm t gch y hm no vit tip.

V mt php l th c mi hp ng t vn s c mt bn BIM Protocol ny, v d ch u

t thu nhiu t vn (Kin trc, kt cu, MEP) chng hn, th mi ng t vn s k vi ch
u t mt BIM Protocol. Tuy hai ci Ph lc n c th khc nhau ty theo b mn nhng
m tng th th l cng mt phin bn BIM Protocol. Ci ny m bo cc bn cng ni
mt th ting
.
V mt ni dung th c mt s im ng ch l:

Yu cu lm BIM phi theo chun PAS 1992-2

Yu cu phi c CDE

Yu cu cc m hnh phi lm trong BIM (Model Production) v mc chi tit ca

m hnh (Level of Detail)

Yu cu phi c mt ng ch lm qun l thng tin (Information Manager)

Yu cu phi thit lp cc thng tin mong mun (Information Requirements) trc

khi bt u. Ci ny theo mnh l quan trng nht bi v trin khai BIM th no v
chi tit n u l ty thuc ng ch ny.

Mnh khuyn cc bn tr nn c ti liu trc tip bng bng ting anh. Bn cnh y mnh
cng mun dich mt s ci sang ting vit bi v tn dc vi nhau bng ting ca mnh vn
hn. Nhng thi gian c hn vi li thiu t vng cho my ci ny nn khng bit c bn
tr no tham gia vi mnh khng ?
Trn y l ni v ci thng t chnh rt c ng (c 15 trang thi) ca tng hi. Cn cc
cng ty thng da trn y pht trin BIM Protocols cho cng ty ca mnh. Ci ny mi
l ci mnh mun cp nhiu hn bi v nu cng ty ca bn mun dng BIM th nht thit
phi thnh lp ci ny trc tin.
D nhin ty ngnh ngh hot ng v quy m m cc cng ty c cc BIM Protocols khc
nhau.
V pha Ch u t, t k thut hn th thng c:

Employers Information Requirement (EIR) Bn yu cu thng tin Trc khi thu

t vn th phi bit mnh mun ci g l ng nhin
. Va d cho mnh v va d
cho t vn.

BIM Capacity Assessment Bn nh gi nng lc BIM ca i tc D nhin l

trc khi thu, phi bit nng lc n th no cn thu.

CIC BIM Protocol Ci ny l thng t chung nn phi c, tuy nhin phi iu chnh
cc ph lc ph hp vi tng ng

BIM Execution Plan Trnh by trin khai BIM th no, cho mnh v cho i tc.

V pha cng ty xy dng (nh thu) v t vn k thut, thng c cc ti liu chun nh:

BIM Standards Tiu chun BIM ca c cng ty trong y qui nh qui trnh hot
ng BIM ca cng ty. Mnh s c mt bi chi tit sau

BIM Golden Rules : Ci ny thng i theo BIM Standard, chi tit hn cho cc b
mn

BIM Project Execution Plan: Phng n trin khai BIM cho tng d n

BIM Competancy Assessment : nh ca ch u t

Employers Information Requirement (EIR) - ngha tng t nh ca ch u t.

Nh thu hay t vn thnh thong cng phi i thu thu ph hay bn B`, B`` .. ch
c phi lc no cng i lm thu u

n y th chc cc bn c th thy l m mt cht v quy trnh BIM ri phi khng . L

thuyt cng nhiu ch khng ch c phn mm. Mnh s t t x l ni dng ca cc ti liu
trn...

May qu, ketcau chm cm cng b ngp nc ng lc mnh li ch vit thm c g.

Mnh xinh php post tip ci Employers Information Requirement (EIR) hm trc cha kp
post, ti liu u tin ca mt d n dng BIM.
Khng bit sau khi c ci nh ngha v BIM Level 2 trn c bn no t m c ci PAS
1192-2 ? Ci ny l li ca BIM Level 2 nn nu bn no mun tm hiu BIM th nht thit
phi c. download my ci tiu chun v BIM UK, cc bn vo trang http://bimlevel2.org/en/standards/, ch cn in tn v email l c th download c. Trang ny ca
BSI - British Standard Institute nn cc bn yn tm v tnh hp php.
V c bn th qu trnh BIM s to ra cc m hnh thng tin v cc thng tin ny c s
dng trong sut vng i ca cng trnh. Hnh 2 ca PAS 1192-2 trnh by qu trnh to v
chuyn giao thng tin trong 8 thi k.

Cc hnh v mu xanh l (GREEN), lin quan nhiu n phn k thut - m hnh PIM v
AIM, minh ha cho vic to thng tin ca cc bn tham gia d n, cc thng tin ny s c
trao i, qun l v lu tr trong CDE (hnh ch nht mu xanh l to nht). Cc mi tn
mu xanh da tri (BLUE), lin quan nhiu n qun l - php l, din t quy trnh chung v
qun l d an BIM. T vic ch u t xc nh mnh cn g (NEED) n u thu chn t
vn, k hp ng v cch thc hin d n tha mn cc yu cu ca mnh. Tng tc
qua li gia hai bn trong qu trnh trin khai d n c minh ha bng cc hnh mu .
Cc bn mun nn c k thm trong bn gc PAS 1192-2. Ch xin ch n ci hnh ch

nht mu xa da tri, gc cao bn phi NEED - Emplyers Information Requirements (EIR)

Capex start.

Trong phn gii thiu ca PAS 1192-2 c cu kh trit l l Beginning with the End in
MIND cu ny trch trong cun The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective Peopleca tc gi Stephen
Covey. Cu ny cng tng t nh cu If you dont know what you want, you end up with a
lot you dont ca Chuck Palahniuk. Dch nm l Bn nn bit trc kt cuc s ra sao trc
khi bt u lm hay rng hn mt cht l trc khi bt u mt d n xy dng, bn phi
bit n hot ng th no. C th hn cho BIM l trc khi trin khai BIM bn phi c
lng trc nhng thng tin g cn dng. Hoc l theo Lut nhn qu nh trong phim
chng vy, nu bit trc c ngy hm nay th hi xa ng lm, h h.
Ci phn d bo thng tin ny c th l ci Employers Information Requirement (EIR) =
Yu cu Thng tin ca Ch u t, im khi u cho qui trnh BIM. y, cc bn c th
thy n mt vn bn cc k quan trng, im khi u ca d n BIM. N xc nh ch x
mun g, mc ch ca BIM m ch x mun hng ti (BIM Objectives) l g. Bi th nn n
cng quyt nh lun chng mnh cn phi lm g v ti sao li lm th.
Ghi ch l trong PAS 1192-2 c nh ngha l Individual or organization for whom the
contract is executed and delivered. Tc l ch - ngi tr tin- ca hp ng ? Nn mnh
tm gi l ch u t hay ch x cho ngn gn.
Vy ci EIR ny l g ?

Trc ht y l mt ti liu m ch x s nh km trong hp ng vi t vn v nh

thu, n i km v b sung cho ci CIC BIM Protocol trn. Nhc li khng nh
l v n nm trong hp ng nn n quan trng, bt sa l g cht.

EIR m t r rng cho t vn bit cn dng nhng m hnh g v mc ch ca tng

m hnh

EIR nh ngha chi tit ch x mun g t cc thng tin ca BIM. Nm na l trong m

hnh thng tin m BIM to ra, ch x mun trch xut nhng thng tin g s dng.

Nhc li l EIR t ra r rng cc yu cu (requirements) ca ch x nn n gip:

m bo thit k c pht trin theo yu cu ca ch x, ci ch x cn (NEED)

Xc nh c mcc ch ca thng tin cn trao i, nn cc bn tham gia d dng

hp tc vi nhau hn

m bo thng tin c s dng mt cch hiu qu gip cho vic ra cc quyt

nh mt cch hp l.

Ch ch bit u vo cn g, lc no th cn can thip, lc no cn ra quyt nh khi

lm vic vi t vn hay nh thu.

OK, vy l vit EIR l ci g v ti sao phi c n. By gi ni s n ci ni dung ca n

chi tit th c trong PAS 1192-2 5.
c mt ci EIR tt, ch x phi nm r cc kch bn hot ng v bo tr ca cng trnh
mnh. Cc bn c th thy trn chu trnh thng tin ci Hnh s 2, phn Hot ng , S
dng, Bo tr (Stage 7) c khp knh vi im khi u. ng qui trnh th l ch x c (1)
kch bn, kt hp vi tiu chun v qun l thng tin cho giai on vn hnh PAS 1192-3
(xem phn tiu chun ca BIM Level trn) thnh lp cc yu cu qun l ti sn
Asset Management l (2) Organisational information requirements (OIR) v (3) Asset
information requirements (AIR). T y s c bn EIR cho c d n.
Ni thm mt cht l chnh ph Anh bt buc dng BIM Level 2 ch yu l nh vo phn
qun l ti sn ny ti v phn ny mi nhiu tin (cc bn xem li ci post v gi tr cng
trnh theo vng i), h hy vng tit kim c 20-25% nu cc tiu chun BIM Level 2
c p dng ng. Mnh ngh trong tng lai, ngi ta s tp trung pht trin cc gii php
cho phn Chuyn giao v Vn hnh (Stage 6 7) ny hn l cc gii php cho cc Stage 05. Gii thiu s th cc bn c khi nim, ci Asset Information Model ny xng ng
c chi tit hn sau ny.
Ni dung ca EIR it nht phi c 3 phn chnh:

Mt s K thut (technical) c bn to thng tin - Yu cu v phn mm, mc

chi tit trong m hnh,

Qun l Thng tin Yu cu v quy trnh qun l khi dng BIM

Yu cu thng mi : Yu cu v cc m hnh BIM, thi gian chuyn giao d liu v

nh ngha mc ch ca thng tin. (comercial - mnh dch l thng mai nhng trong
trng hp ny vn cm thy khng n)

Gii thch thm mt to, V mt k thut,

Ch x yu cu dng phn mm g v phin bn bao nhiu, ng thi cng ch r cc

nh dng file m t vn phi cung cp (native revit, ifc 2x3 v d th). Nu l t
vn th cc bn chu kh tun th ti v nu ch x c X v bn a Y th chu cht.
Ngay c khi dng cng phn mm m khc version th cng btay.cm, bi v cc

bn khng giao tip c vi nhau.

Ch x cng s yu cu cc m hnh c dng da trn mt im gc khi gp li

lm federated model, m hnh kt cu khng b cch xa m hnh kin trc c dm, v
d th. C th l trong Revit th cc m hnh phi c chung Survey Point v
Coordinates.

Level of Development (mc pht trin) = Level of Detail (mc chi tit) + Level
of Information (mc thng tin). Cc bn tha bit l trong m hnh BIM th mt
i tng (object) s c hnh hc (graphic) v thng tin (data). Ch x s quyt nh
ty vo giai on no ca d n m cc bn chi v chi tit i tng n u v a
cho n nhng thng tin g. n chi vi liu lng ph hp s gip cc bn tit kim
c thi gian, tin bc v gip bn tr thnh tay chi ng ngha . Level of
Development trong BIM cng vy.
Khi nim ny cng l khi nim c bn ca BIM, xin mi cc bn
vohttp://bimforum.org/lod/ tm hiu.

V mt Qun l Thng tin th phc tp y, c mt s im ng ch :

Trc ht l ch x phi quyt xem Tiu chun hay Hng dn no no l bt buc

(Mandatory), ci no l khuyn co s dng (Recommended).

Ch x phi nu r
o

Mc ch dng BIM (ch phi hp thit k 3D, hay cho c 4D, 5D, 6D),

Cc m hnh mong mun, ai s s dng m hnh v s dng th no. D nhin

l ty theo mc ch m s c cc m hnh v d liu g. V d ch x khng
c kh nng s dng BIM qun l ti sn th thi, a thng tin qun l ti
sn vo m hnh lm g, kiu kiu nh vy.

D liu u ra mong mun

EIR du g cng ch l mi ti liu khi u, nn cc yu cu ny cng thng ch

mc chung. C th l ch cn lm mt ci bng ri nh du vo. Trin khai th
no s bn trong BIM Execusion Plan (BEP).

V cc yu cu thng mi th c hai mc cn ch l:

Ch x yu cu i tc phi c k hoch thc hin BIM (BIM Implantation

Programme, BIM Execution Plan)

Ch x nh gi nng lc ca t vn (Suppliers
assessment)http://www.cpic.org.uk/cpix/cpix-bim-assessment-file/

Ngoi l mt to th thnh thong c bo thy c mt s ngi dn trong chung c biu

tnh chuyn thu ph qun l. Ci ny chc l ti ch u t trc khi xy cha bit mnh

phi qun l hot ng ca ta nh th no hoc l trc khi mua, ngi mua khng bit
mnh phi c ngha v g. Ni chung l thiu mt ci EIR cho c hai .
i, bit mnh mun g nhiu khi cng kh, vit c ra mnh mun g li cng kh hn. V
d vi mnh, thnh thong bn gi hi anh mun t th no, cu tr li thng xuyn l kiu
no cng c, thnh thong c tr li c th hn th l kiu nh hm qua cng c em.
Nn c kh nhiu ti liu hng dn cc bn lm ci bn Yu cu thng tin ny nh l:

BIM Task Group, http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/bim-eirs/

NBS BIM Toolkit, https://toolkit.thenbs.com/articles/...-requirements/

Estate Management, University of

Cambridge ,http://www.em.admin.cam.ac.uk/develo...plementing-bim

Khng bit c ai thc mc BIM tt (good BIM) l BIM nh th no? Cu tr li rt n gin

l BIM tt l BIM tha mn cc yu cu ca ch x.
Xem nh tm n cho ci EIR, ci sau ? cha bit l g...