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ANOVA Step by Step
ANOVA Step by Step
G
SS total = X
N
2
X2
0
1
0
4
1
6
3oz
2
3
0
3
1
9
X2
4
9
0
9
1
23
5oz
4
6
3
2
3
18
X2
16
36
9
4
9
74
2) Computing SSwithin:
To compute SSwithin you first need to compute the SS
within each level of the IV using the regular SS formula:
2
( X)
SS = X
n
2
Then to get SSwithin you simply add up the SS from within each level of the IV:
SSwithin = SS
PSY295-001
Spring 2003
1 of 4
ANOVA STEP-BY-STEP
So for the Alcohol data there are three SS you need to compute first, one for each
level:
SS1 = 6 - 42/5 = 2.800
SS2 = 23 - 92/5 = 6.800
SS3 = 74 - 182/5 = 9.200
Then you add these three SS up to get SSwithin:
SSwithin = 2.800 + 6.800 + 9.200 = 18.800
3) Computing SSbetween:
Recall that the variance between treatments measures the differences or variance
between the treatment means. This implies one way we could find the
SSbetween would be to compute a SS using the X's as the scores. That is,
we could consider our deviations (that we will square and sum) as the
deviation of each individual mean from the grand mean (the grand
mean is the over all mean of the entire set of data or G/N). Of course,
there is a computational formula that looks different from that, but is
much easier to use:
SS betw = [
T ]G
n
N
If this check does not come out right - you have made a mistake in your
calculations.
So for the Alcohol data:
PSY295-001
Spring 2003
2 of 4
ANOVA STEP-BY-STEP
If this check does not come out right - you have made a mistake in your
calculations.
For the Alcohol study: does 2 + 12 = dftotal? Yes 14 = 14!
So now we have the 3 SS and the corresponding 3 df. What we need now is to
compute the variances.
PSY295-001
Spring 2003
3 of 4
and
MSwithin = SSwithin
dfwithin