CNC Machines and Programming

CNC Lathe

Program1

N1 T01 D01 M491

N2 G00 X0 Z1
N3 G01 G96 G41 Z0 F2 S140
N4 G01 X2 CHF=0.125 F0.2
N5 G01 Z-1.125
N6 G02 X3.5 Z-1.875 CR=0.75
N7 G01 X3.75 CHF=0.125
N8 G01 Z-3.575
N9 G01 X5 Z-3.875
N10 G01 Z-4.6
N11 G00 X20 Z20 G40
N12 T02 D02 M491
N13 G00 G97 S500 X4 Z-2.825
N14 G01 X3.85 F1
N15 G01 X3.35 F0.15
N16 G01 X3.85 F0.5
N17 G00 X4
N18 G00 X20 Z20
N19 M30

Program 2

N010
N020
N030
N040
N050
N060
N070
N080
N090
N100
N105
N110
N115
N120
N130
N140
N150
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
N210

G28 U0.0 W0.0

G97 S1000 M03
T0000
T0202
G00 X20.0 Z1.0
M07
G71 U1.0 R1.0
G71 P090 Q140 U0.2 W0.10; F0.15
G01 X0.0 Z0.0
G03 X5.0 Z-5.0 R5.0
G01 X5.0 Z-10.0
G01 X10.0 Z-25.0
G01 X10.0 Z-30.0
G02 X15.0 Z-35.0 R5.0
G01 X15.0 Z-45.0;
G01 X20.0 Z-45.0
G00 X20.0 Z1.0
T0303
P090 Q140
G28 U0.0 W0.0
M09
M05
M30

Program 3

N010
N020
N030
N040
N050
N060
N070
N080
N090
N100
N110
N120
N130
N140
N150
N160
N170
N180
N190
N200
N210
N220

G28 U0.0 W0.0;

G97 S1000 M03;
T0000;
T0202;
G00 X20.0 Z1.0;
M07;
G71 U1.0 R1.0;
G71 P090 Q150 U0.2 W0.10; F0.15;
G01 X9.0 Z0.0;
G01 X9.0 Z10.0;
G02 X14.0 Z15.0 R5.0;
G01 X14.0 Z-30.0;
G01 X18.0 Z-45.0;
G01 X18.0 Z-50.0;
G01 X20.0 Z-50.0;
G00 X20.0 Z1.0;
T0303;
G70 P090 Q150;
G28 U0.0 W0.0;
M09;
M05
M30

Tool Nose Radius Compensation CNC Lathe(G41 and

G42)
The carbide inserts (tool tips) are used on CNC lathe for metal
cutting. According to the various operations, inserts are
available in various shapes. These inserts has a certain corner
radius as shown in figure. Without the corner radius the carbide
tool up will break immediately when in working. This corner
radius of tool tip is known tool nose radius. The tool nose radius
are made with standard radius. According to ISO these radii are
0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mm. The minimum radius inserts are used
for finish turning and maximum radius inserts are used for
rough turning.

Tool Nose Radius Compensation:

While performing the operations on CNC lathe by using carbide
inserts the tool nose radius affects on the accuracy of the
workpiece, such as on facing length, turning length, as per
chamfer and on profiles as shown in fig-1. While performing
work zero offset process, the X offset is performed by touching
the turning edge (P1 point as shown in fig) and Z offset is
performed by touching the facing edge (P2 point as shown in
fig-1). While operation when these edges does their task, the
facing length is reduced equal to tool nose radius, and turning
length is reduced equal to tool nose radius, and taper or profile
diameters are increased equal to tool nose radius. This error
can be eliminated by programming the radius of the tool nose
by the specified procedure of the manufacturers by which the
system automatically performs this correction. The procedure
of the eliminate of the error of tool nose radius is known a tool
nose radius compensation.

Tool nose Elements:

R: Nose radius of Tool
P1= Cutting edge for turning
P2= Cutting edge for facing
P= Imaginary cutting point
S= Center of radius

According to the figure given above, while performing the

profile P3 and P4 diameters are increased and length Z3 is
decreased. Thus the error is produced in entire length of work.

TNRC Offset: The tool nose radius compensation method is

adopted for avoiding the error due to tool nose radius. In this
method the appropriate TNRC codes i.e. G41, G42 are specified
in the program, and the actual nose radius value (i.e. 0.4, 0.6,
0.8, 1.2) is inputs into the memory of computer i.e. into the
geometry offset section at appropriate tool number column.
The saved nose radius value is read by the system and then
automatically performs this correction.