Zulueta, Christelle Jianne T.

ECE122/A11

Oct. 27, 2016

Seatwork #2

1. What is data communication?

Data communications refers to the transmission of this digital data between
two or more computers and a computer network or data network is a
telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data.
2. What are the common data communication codes? Give their applications.
ASCII : this is ANSIs 7-bit American Standard Code for Information
Interchange -- often used with an 8th bit known as parity bit used for
detecting errors during Data Transmission
EBCDIC : this is IBMs 8-bit Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange
Code -- commonly used on most computers and computer equipment today.
Baudot Teletype code -- used in Telegraphy/Telex
3. What is redundancy checking?
A redundancy check is a number that is calculated from a file or a segment
thereof and then appended to that file or segment for the purpose of comparing
with a recalculation by another computer or at a later date in order to detect and
correct errors that might occur during any phase of the storage or transmission of
the file or segment.
4. Differentiate Vertical Redundancy Checking to Horizontal Redundancy
Checking.
Vertical redundancy checking (VRC) when it adds a parity bit to the
transmitted character. Longitudinal (or horizontal) redundancy checking (LRC)
adds a parity bit for all bits in the message at the same bit position. Vertical coding
operates on a single character and is known as character error coding. Horizontal
checks operate on groups of characters and described as message coding. LRC

always uses even parity and the parity bit for the LRC character has the parity of
the VRC code.
5. What is Cyclic Redundancy Checking?
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used
in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data.
Blocks of data entering these systems get a shortcheck value attached, based on the
remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
6. Look for the dividing polynomial for CRC 12, CRC 16, and CRC 32
CRC 12

x12+x11+x3+x2+x+1

CRC 16
x16+x15+x2+1
CRC 32
x32+x26+x23+x22+x16+x12+x11+ x10+x8+x7+x5+x4+x2+x+1