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Nguyn Thanh Sn dch v bin son

DRY GAS SEAL

Vn hnh v bo dng nng cao tin cy

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Nguyn Thanh Sn dch v bin son

Tm tt
Vic s dng Dry gas seal trong cc my nn ly tm vi lu cht nn l kh cng ngh
(process gas) tng nhanh chng trong 20 nm gn y, v dn thay th cho loi seal
lm kn bng mng du (oil film seals) truyn thng. Hn 80% my nn ly tm sn xut ra
ngy nay c lp t dry gas seal. Ngy nay cc nh sn xut ang tip tc nghin cu
pht trin v ci tin dry gas seal sao cho n vn hnh vi hiu qu cao nht.
Gii thiu chung v Dry Gas Seal
My nn ly tm nn kh cng ngh i hi phi c b phn lm kn trc ngn nga s
r r kh t trong my nn ra ngoi mi trng kh quyn mt cch khng kim sot c.
i vi loi my nn nhiu cp, kiu my nn rm (beam) hnh 1 yu cu phi c hai
seal b tr 2 u trc, cn vi loi mt cp, kiu my nn cngxn (overhung) th ch cn
mt seal lm kn pha sau bnh cng tc. Dry gas seal c c ng dng trong vic
lm kn trc.

Hnh 1: My nn ly tm nhiu cp s dng dry gas seal hai u trc

Dry gas seals
Hin nay dry gas seal c nhiu kt cu khc nhau, nhng ch yu c kt cu theo kiu
Tandem. Mt Tandem seal c bn bao gm mt vng primary seal v mt vng
secondary seal cha trong mt hp lm kn. Trong qu trnh vn hnh bnh thng,
primary seal hp th ton b p trong lng mt p ca kh i qua ti h thng x (vent
system). V secondary seal lm vic nh mt cp lm kn d phng trong trng hp cp
primary seal b h hng.

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Nguyn Thanh Sn dch v bin son

Hnh 2: Dry gas seal

Vi phn tich n gian, Seal bao gm hai vong : mt vong tinh (primary ring) lam bng
vt liu mm cacbon, vong tinh nay c gi trong mt vo thep khng ri, mt dy lo xo se
tac dung lc ep vong tinh nay tac dung ln b mt cua vong ng (mating ring) lam bng
kim loai cng cacbit, vong nay c inh vi ng lt (sleeve) va quay cung truc khi lam vic
nh hinh 3 di y.

Hnh 4
S lam kin lu cht at c khi hai b mt tinh va ng tip xuc vi nhau theo mt
phng thc c bit. Cac b mt lam kin co mt phng cc cao vi hang loat cac ranh
xon c trn vong ng (mating ring) nh hinh 5.

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Nguyn Thanh Sn dch v bin son

Hnh 5: vng ng (mating ring) c cc rnh xon sealing dam

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Nguyn Thanh Sn dch v bin son

Khi quay, lu cht se c bm hng vao trong tm cac ranh nay, goi la sealing dam
("p" lam kin). Cac "p" nay tao ra s can tr i vi dong lu cht, lam ap sut b mt
tng dn ln. Khi ap sut tao ra nay tng se thng lc lo xo va y vong cacbon ra khoi b
mt tip xuc vi vong cacbit vi mt lng chinh xac, khoang 3 n 4 micrmet (bng
1/20 ng knh si tc). Khe h nay c tinh toan sao cho luc o tng lc ong bao
gm lc thuy tinh va lc lo xo tng ng vi lc m tao ra bn trong mang lu cht.

Hnh 6
Theo iu kin cn bng ng, cac lc tac ng ln seal co th biu din bng biu lc
di y :
Lc ong FC bng tng cua ap sut h thng va lc lo xo.
Lc m FO bng ap sut h thng nhm pha v s tip xuc cua hai vong cng vi ap sut
tao ra bi cac ranh xon c.
Theo inh lut cn bng, nu FC=FO, thi khe h xp xi 3 micrmet (thng i vi lu
cht nghich).
Nu xay ra s chay ri cua dong lu cht, se lam giam khe h trn. Ap sut tao ra bi
cac ranh xon c trn se tng ang k, nh m ta trong hinh 7.

Hnh 7
Fo < Fc,
cc b mt seal tip xc trc tip
Fo = Fc,
c khe h h gia 2 b mt lm kn
Fo1 > Fc, c khe h h1 gia hai b mt lm kn, h1 < h
Tng t nh vy, nu khe h nay tng ln thi ap sut tao ra bi ranh xon c nay se giam
va seal se tr lai trang thai cn bng rt nhanh (hinh 7).
C ch lam vic nay co tinh n inh cao, ma con tao ra mt mang lu cht mong gia hai
b mt tinh va ng. Hai b mt nay lun tach ri nhau va khng cham nhau trong ca khi
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Nguyn Thanh Sn dch v bin son

lam vic ng binh thng. Chinh iu nay lam tng tin cy va tui tho cua seal nh
tranh c mai mon b mt tip xuc.
Cp bn trong dry gas seal c mt inner labyrinth seal c nhim v phn cch gia kh
cng ngh vi gas seal, kh cng ngh khng tip xc trc tip vi gas seal (hnh 2). Cp
bn ngoi dry gas seal c mt tng chn barrier seal c nhim v phn cch gia gas seal
vi phn gi .
Nhim bn Dry Gas Seal
Khe h gia 2 vng lm kn ch t 3-4 micromt, vi khe h rt hp nh th nn khi cht
bn bn ngoi i vo (cht rn hoc lng) c th gy n mn nhanh cc b mt lm kn,
dn ti r r kh ti ng vent nhiu v thm ch dn ti ph h seal. Ngoi ra khi cht
bn i vo khe h rt nh ny s lm tng lc co ko gia hai vng lm kn dn n mo
m, bin dng hoc gy ra qua nhit dn n cc chi tit nh o-ring b thoi ho hoc vng
cng mating ring b nt v.
C 3 ngun chnh lm nhim bn gas seal:
- Kh cng ngh (t bn trong my nn)
xy ra khi p kh lm kn khng dn ti kh cng ngh i ti tip xc trc tip vi
b mt lm kn. Cc cht bn tn ti trong kh cng ngh c th sau s ph h seal.
- Du bi trn t gi .
Dry gas seal c mt cp chn bi barrier seal, tng ngoi ca gas seal, cp ny nm
gia gas seal v bung gi my nn. Cp seal ny thng c cung cp kh m l
Nit hoc khng kh (buffer). Nhim v chnh ca barrier seal l ngn khng cho du
bi trn i vo trong gas seal. Cho nn khi barrier seal bi h du s thm nhp vo
trong gas seal.
Trc y barrier seal thng l labyrinth seal (kiu rng lc hay khut khc) ngn
du bi trn i vo gas seal v cho thy kh hiu qu qua s dng. Nhng nm gn
y labyrinth seal c thay th bng vng cc-bon nhiu ming (segmental carbon
ring) trong hu ht cc barrier seal. Vng ccbon ny c 2 loi, loi tip xc trc
(contacting) v khng tip xc trc (non-contacting) (hnh 8). Vng ccbon ny gm
nhiu ming ghp li thnh vng trn v c gi bi mt vng l xo bao quanh. Vng
carbon ny lp m ly trc v to khe h gia ng knh trong ca n v ng knh
ngoi ca trc. i vi loi vng lm kn tip xc (contacting) th khe h bng 0, vng
p cht ln trc, cn loi khng tip xc c khe h nh vi trc. Theo thc t s dng
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Nguyn Thanh Sn dch v bin son

loi vng ccbon tip xc (khe h bng 0) th khng c hiu qu trong vic ngn du i
vo gas seal bng loi khng tip xc. Mt khc, loi vng tip xc trc rt d b nt
m hay v trong qu trnh lp t, khi y trt trn trc.
Ni tm li, labyrinth seal nn ng dng ti a cho barrier seal bo v gas seal khi
b nhim du v khi yu cu v cch ly nghim ngt gia gas v du th nn s dng
vng cacbon nhiu ming loi khng tip xc trc nhm m bo tin cy cao hn.

Hnh 8

- Kh a vo seal lm kn.
Khi kh lm kn khng c x l thch hp trc khi i vo gas seal c th lm
nhim bn gas seal. Nh sn xut Gas seal c yu cu rt nghim ngt cho cht
lng kh lm kn. Thng kh lm kn phi kh v qua b lc c kh nng lc ht bn
c kch c t 3 micromt tr ln. Trn h thng kh lm kn thng lp t b lc ny.

Ngy 01/07/2008 - Nguyn Thanh Sn

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