Experiment 11.5.

3 Ratio Control

From the experiment, we have set the PID controller setting with 50% of
Proportional Band, 3 seconds of integral time constant, as well as 0.75s of derivative
time constant. After that another loop flow is introduced into the system. Based on
figure above, two lines are plotted in the graph which green indicates uncontrolled
flow and red represents controlled flow. Both flow patterns differ from one another,
as the constant flow remains constant when step-up change was introduced into the
uncontrolled flow.
When the flow rate is at 40LPM, the response is at close to 70 LPM, after adjustment
from 40 LPM to 50 LPM, the response increases to 75. It shows the importance of
PID controller in contributing proper elimination of offset, with condition of fine and
careful tuning required.

QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the significance of step (1) in experiment 11.5.1 and step (2) in
experiment 11.5.2. What is PB, I and D represents? Why is this step
necessary, and why does the values differ from one experiment to the next?
ANS: From the experiment, PB represents proportional band, I stands for
integral and D for derivative. Step (1) in experiment 11.5.1 and step (2) in
experiment 11.5.2 are significant due to determination of controller type. It is
important to identify the characteristics of PB, I and D based on the graph
patterns in order to achieve an optimum controller type.
In Experiment 11.5.1, step (1) enables us to observe the flow response
through the manipulation of derivative value, whereas in experiment 11.5.2,
step (2) allows us to change the controller system into proportional band
control, as the time integral is set to maximum and time derivative is set to
zero.

2. For each of the experiments above, discuss the results that you have
obtained, and identify the key differences in the each of the controller type
and the effect of tuning parameters in controlling the ratio of the flows to
the tank. Which controller suits best for ratio control? Why?

ANS: From experiment 11.5.1, Time derivative is varied. Therefore, stability

is it key elements data shows as derivative action able to predict behavior of
controller system, which enhance its settling time and stability. For
experiment 11.5.2, PB is manipulated with value 1000, 800, 600, 400, 200
and 50. Lower PB value provides more stability compare to PB with high
value. PB= 50 owns the highest stability in the experiment. And for 11.5.3,
for the proposed data given which are PB= 50%, TI= 3s, and TD = 0.75s. the
ratio of the controlled flow is uncontrolled flow is obtained. PID is best used in
tuning for better achievement in stabilization and less oscillation of offset.