Load current , I L =

20000
=100 A
200
3

Voltage drop across theresistance=100 100 10

10V

Terminal voltage=200+10=210 V
If=

210
=4.2 A
50

I a=I L + I f

I a=100+4.2=104.2 A
V a=R a I a
40 103 104.2
4.168 V
E=V + R a I a
210+4.168=214.2V

6.
Advantages of a nickel cadmium cell or a nickelmetal cell over a leadacid cell include:
(i) more robust construction
(ii) capable of withstanding heavy charging and dis-charging currents without damage
(iii) has a longer life
(iv) for a given capacity is lighter in weight
(v) can be left indefinitely in any state of charge or discharge without damage
(vi) is not self-discharging.
Disadvantages of nickel cadmium and nickelmetal cells over a leadacid cell include:
(i) is relatively more expensive
(ii) requires more cells for a given e.m.f.
(iii) has a higher internal resistance
(iv) must be kept sealed
(v) has a lower efficiency.