E-Learning Course Material On "Engineering Mechanics" - PPT 1

E-Learning course Material on
Engineering Mechanics
Introduction
PPT 1
By
Dr. Vela Murali,Ph.D.,
Head& Professor i/c Engineering Design Div.,
Mechanical Engineering Department,
College of Engineering, Guindy,
Anna University, Chennai 600 025
1
Mechanics (in general means Physical phenomena)

Popular practicing engineers, scientists/academicians after Newton (1642 1727) established his 3
fundamental principles/laws - many of the problems
both statics and dynamics of bodies fit in.
Any physical phenomena - balance of force/balance of
moment/balance of energy and balance of momentum
etc that satisfies the conservation principles can be
analyzed or modeled according to the laws/principles of
Mechanics.
Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali
2
Design of any component or a structure or a system

which may be subjected to static and dynamic loads
require thorough knowledge in the subject of
Engineering Mechanics.
Many problems in the universe are of simple
Engineering common sense - Engineering Mechanics.

3
Standard Text Books Engineering Mechanics by Beer &

Jhonston and Many books by Local Authors/Publishers
Still Students difficult understand/assimilate the
concepts firm foundation w.r.to fundamental concepts to be taught -simple manner .
A Book titled ENGINEERING MECHANICS
By Dr. Vela Murali,
Published by Oxford University Press, 2010

4
Many simple methods -introduced Novel

Quadrant approach to resolve forces
All Equilibrium/Principles - Equations represented
with notation in suffix to rightly take the signs for
forces/moments
For example
Falong Motion = ma
The notation along motion - direction of the force
In the direction of the motion - positive force
Opposite to the direction of the motion - negative
force - algebraic sum is made.
6
1.1 Mechanics-Physical Phenomenon

Example: Any Phenomenon- VisibleStatic/Dynamic
(i) Fan rotating/at constant speed
(ii) Black board sticking to the wall
with nails
(iii) A body of mass moving with
constant velocity
7
Sensible
(iv) Heat Transfer from High Temp to
Lower Temp
(v) Sound etc.
Which may not be Sensible/visible

8
1.2 Classification
(i) Mechanics of Rigid body:
No deformation-Study-external behavior
of the body w.r.to the Forces/Moments
due to the forces
(OR)
Forces/Moments relating to its geometrical
behavior studied in terms EnergyKE/PE- Conservation Energy etc.
(a) Statics
(b) Dynamics

9
(a)Statics:
RB applied with external forces which
are balanced-Causing no motion
(OR)
at Just start of the motion
F 0; F 0; F 0;
X
Y
Z
M 0; M 0; M 0;
X
Y
Z
10
(b) Dynamics:
External Forces/Moments applied
on the body causes the motion
Kinematics/Kinetics
Kinematics: Geometry of the motion
irrespective of the cause of the motion
Different Motions
URM: Uniform Rectilinear Motion
11
UARM/UDRM/URRM:
Uniform Accelerated/Decelerated/
Retarded Rectilinear Motion
Curvilinear motion: A body moving

on a curve
12
Angular motion: A body moving

about a fixed axis
UAM: Uniform Angular Motion

UAAM/UDAM/URAM: Uniform
Accelerated/Decelerated/Retarded
Angular Motion
13
Kinetics:
w.r.to the cause (Force/Moment due to
the force) of the motion
Force Methods
(Newton's second Law/Dynamic
Equilibrium/D-Alemberts Principle)
F ma ; F ma ; F ma ;
M I ; M I ; M I ;
X
X
XX
Y
YY
Z
ZZ
14
Energy Methods
Work-Energy principle/Impulse Moment
Principles etc.
(a)Statics (b) Dynamics :

Particle/Rigid body Mechanics

15
Particle M/C:
Assumed as All external forces applied
on the body passes thru the Single
Point about which the whole body is
supported
Study of Concurrent-Coplanar forces

OR
Study of Concurrent-Noncoplanar
forces
Study of the external behavior of the
body w.r.to only forces
16
Rigid body M/C

Forces applied any where on the body
Study of System of Non concurrentCoplanar forces
OR
Study of System of Non ConcurrentNon coplanar forces

17
i.e. Study of external behavior of

the body w.r.to
Both forces &Moment due to the
forces
F4
F1
F2
F3
18
Other Mechanics:
Mechanics of Rigid body to get the
desired motion by transmitting forces
Mechanics of MachinesKinematics/Dynamics

19
Mechanics of Deformable body

Under Statics:
Strength of Materials/Theory of Elasticity
Under Dynamics:
Theory of vibrations

20
Mechanics of Fluids
Without heat
study of both static/dynamic

behavior of the fluids
Thermo Dynamics
With heat
study of the behavior of fluids with
response of the heat
21
Particle Statics
External behavior of the body w.r.to.
Forces (i.e. Forces applied on the body,
all passes thru the point, where the body
is supported/centroid).
Study of the Concurrent Forces
No Moment due to the forces w.r.to. the
point of support/Centroid. The body is
under static equilibrium.
22
Force: Ability to translate the body

Different Forces:
Concurrent forces
Non concurrent forces
Co-planar forces
Non Coplanar forces
Parallel forces
Concurrent Coplanar forces
Concurrent Non coplanar forces etc.
23
Force in Cartesian Coordinate system

y
Force along line x (or) y

(or) z is called as 1D Force
x
z
24
2D Force-Force in a Plane
F=F Cos () i + F Sin () j
y
Fx = F Cos (); Fy = F Sin ()

25
Resolving of Forces along the

edges of the quadrant
Always resolve 2D Force equivalent
to 1D forces
F Cos ()
F Sin ()
F Sin ()
F Cos ()

26
Finding the resultant of two

perpendicular forces/on the plane
F2
F=F12 + F22
= Tan-1(F2/F1)
F1

27
Resolving of Forces along the edges

of the Inclined quadrant
Resolve 2D Force on inclined Plane equivalent
to 1D forces along & Perpendicular plane
An inclined Plane
F Sin ()
F Cos ()

28
Representation of Force
Units (SI) for the Force N (kg-m-s-2)
Example
F = 10 N
F = 10 N
F = 10 N
F= 20 N

29
3D Force
y
y
Cos (x), Cos (y), Cos (z)

are directional cosines also
represented as l, m, n
z
F=(F Cos x) i + (F Cos y) j +(F Cos z) k
30
Equilibrium of the Particle:
0;
0;
0;
After resolving the forces-apply F5

Equilibrium Equations
Fx = F1 + F3 F2 =0
Fy = F4 F5 F6 =0
F2
F4 F F
1
3
F6

31
Free body diagram

Showing the Magnitude/directions of the
Various Forces on the body including the
weight of the body
TOA
TOB
A
B
W
Actual Body
W
Free Body diagram

32
Principle of transmissibility
Force acting on the body at point is altered
to another point on the same body in the
same line of action has same effect on the
body.
P

33
Lames Theorem
If three forces acting at a point,

the ratios of each force to Sin of its
opposite angle are equal.
P
where , and are angles
opposite to P, Q and R forces
respectively
P/Sin () = Q/Sin () = R/Sin ()

34
Rigid body-statics
Forces applied on the body externally
at any point on the rigid body
Force effect and Moment due the forces.
Force System containing Non concurrent
forces.

35
Conditions for equilibrium in 2D

F1
F3
Rx
F2
F4
Ry
Rx , Ry are support reactions
F
M
0;
Support( C )
0;
36
Example
The 2D Rigid body Should satisfy
the Equilibrium conditions
RA
RB
l/2
l/2
Fy = 0; Mabout the point A = 0 (or)
Mabout the point B = 0
From which the reactions can be found
37
Representation of the Moment in vector form

A (x, y, z)
Mx = y Fz z Fy
y
My = z Fx x Fz
Fy
o
r
Fz
x Fx
Mz = x Fy y Fx
Mo = Mx i + My j + Mz k
i j
Mo = r x F = x y z
Mo = Mx2 + My2 + Mz2
Fx Fy Fz

38
Moment about a point on the plane

(Equilibrium conditions)
F1 Sin (1)
F1
1 F1 Cos (1)
F2 Cos (2)
2
F
2
F2 Sin (2)
y1
y2
O
x1
x2
39
Fx = 0
F1 Cos (1) + F2 Cos (2) = 0
Fy = 0
F1 Sin (1) - F2 Sin (2) = 0
Mabout point O =
(F1 Sin (1)) x1 - (F1 Cos (1)) y1
- (F2 Cos (2)) y2 - (F2 Sin (2)) x2 = 0
40
Different types of support

Roller support
F
Rx
Ry
No reaction in
x direction
No reaction in
y direction

41
F
Ry
No reaction in
this direction
Rx
Hinged support has both

x and y reactions

42
Types of loads
(i) Point load (N)
(ii) UDL - (N/m) - Equivalent point load
UDL X length of UDL, which acts
at the center of UDL
(iii) Moment load

43
(iv) Varying load (N/span)

Example:
E
50 KN/span
3m
D =
75 KN
1m
2m
Area = (1/2) CE x CD = (1/2) x 50 x 3 = 75 KN

acts at the centroid of the triangle
44
problems of Rigid Body subjected to

co-planar force system-of different
types of loads- with different types of
supports can be solved

45
Application-Example-I
Design of I-section beamStatic-Forces/Moments

46
Application-Example-II -Light House

structure-Static-Forces/Moments

47
Application-Example-III
Heavy duty vehicle Chase beam
Design-Forces/Moments on
Horizontal/Inclined planes

48
Application-Example-IV
Forces/Tensions in the transmission

lines
Cable car/driven by the tension in the
Developed in the cable

49
Application-Example-V
Friction Problem-Design of ropes

Friction Problem-Design of Ladder
Friction Problem-Design of Wedges
Friction Problem-Belt Friction

50
Application-Example-VI
Approaching Traffic signalKinematics-UDRM/URRM

51
Application-Example-VII
Bomb released from an aero plane
Projectile

52
Application-Example-VIII
Aero plane taking a turn
Curvilinear Motion

53
Application-Example-IX
Two vehicles moving on with different
velocities-Relative motion

54
Application-Example-X
Newton's II-for Rectilinear motionInertia Force
Traveling in the lift with
acceleration/Upwards-downwards
Deceleration while applying brakesInertia force

55
Application-Example-XI
Wind Mill shaft rotating about
fixed axis/Inertia torque

56
Application-Example-XII
Foot Ball/Tennis ball- targeting to Goal
Impulse Moment principleConservation of Momentum

57
Review
1. What is Mechanics?
2. How is it classified?
3. Differentiate between Rigid body,
deformable body and fluid.
4. What is the sequence of the course on
Engineering Mechanics (Rigid body
Mechanics)?
58
5. How can you treat a problem as static?

6. Differentiate between particle
mechanics and Rigid body mechanics

59

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E-Learning course Material on

Mechanics (in general means Physical phenomena)

Design of any component or a structure or a system

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Standard Text Books Engineering Mechanics by Beer &

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Many simple methods -introduced Novel

1.1 Mechanics-Physical Phenomenon

Which may not be Sensible/visible

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Curvilinear motion: A body moving

Angular motion: A body moving

UAM: Uniform Angular Motion

(a)Statics (b) Dynamics :

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Study of Concurrent-Coplanar forces

Rigid body M/C

Study of System of Non ConcurrentNon coplanar forces

i.e. Study of external behavior of

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Mechanics of Deformable body

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

study of both static/dynamic

Force: Ability to translate the body

Force in Cartesian Coordinate system

Force along line x (or) y

Fx = F Cos (); Fy = F Sin ()

Resolving of Forces along the

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Finding the resultant of two

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Resolving of Forces along the edges

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Cos (x), Cos (y), Cos (z)

Equilibrium of the Particle:

After resolving the forces-apply F5

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Free body diagram

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

If three forces acting at a point,

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Conditions for equilibrium in 2D

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Representation of the Moment in vector form

Mo = Mx2 + My2 + Mz2

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Moment about a point on the plane

Different types of support

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Hinged support has both

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

(iv) Varying load (N/span)

Area = (1/2) CE x CD = (1/2) x 50 x 3 = 75 KN

problems of Rigid Body subjected to

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Application-Example-II -Light House

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali

Course on Engineering Mechanics by Dr. Vela Murali