Load(N)

Serial No
1
2
3
4
5Serial No
6

F1
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25

F2
0
0
0
0
Load(N)
0
0

F
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25

Rotational
speed, N
(rpm)

Torque, T
(N.m)

Power, P
(W)

613
572
485
386
Rotational
134
speed,
81 N

0
0.0063
0.0125
0.0188
Torque,
0.025 T
(N.m)
0.0313

0
0.375
0.635
0.761
Power, P
0.357
(W)
0.264

0
0.0063
0.0125
0.0188
0.025 T
Torque,
0.0313
(N.m)

0
0.412
0.728
0.728
0.631
Power, P
0.338
(W)

(rpm)
1
2
3
4
5Serial No
6

F1
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25

F2
0
0
0
0
0 Load(N)
0

F
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25

753
630
556
370
241
Rotational
103
speed, N

(rpm)
1
2
3
4
5
6

F1
F2
F
0
0
0
701
0
0
0.25
0
0.25
642
0.0063
0.420
0.50
0
0.50
555
0.0125
0.726
0.75
0
0.75
427
0.0188
0.841
1.00
0
1.00
348
0.025
0.910
1.25
0
1.25
286
0.0313
0.937
Table 1: Data obtained to plot power and torque characteristics of Pelton turbine

Pressure=0.25bar
Brake wheel Radius, Rb=0.025m

Pressure=0.30bar
Brake wheel Radius, Rb=0.025m

Pressure=0.35bar
Brake wheel Radius, Rb=0.025m

Pressure=0.40bar

Load(N)

Serial No
F1

F2

1
0
0
2
0.25
0
3
0.50
0
4
0.75
0
5
1.00
0
6
1.25
0
Brake wheel Radius, Rb=0.025m

Calculation
For pressure : 0.25 bar
Radius of break wheel : 0.025 m
a) Load, F =

F1F 2

Load, F = 00
Load, F = 0 N
b) Load, F =

F1F 2

Load, F = 0.250
Load, F = 0 .25 N
c) Load, F =

F1F 2

Load, F = 0.500
Load, F = 0 .50 N
d) Load, F =

F1F 2

Load, F = 0.750
Load, F = 0 .75 N
e) Load, F =

Rotational
speed, N
(rpm)

F1F 2

Load, F = 1.000
Load, F = 1.00 N

Torque, T
(N.m)

Power, P
(W)

F
0
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25

867
807
746
699
582
449

0
0.0063
0.0125
0.0188
0.025
0.0313

0
0.528
0.976
1.375
1.525
1.473

f) Load, F =

F1F 2

Load, F = 1.250
Load, F = 1.25 N

Torque , T = (F1-F2) Rb = F Rb
a) T = (F1-F2) Rb = F Rb
T = 0.00(0.025)
T = 0.00 N.m
b) T = (F1-F2) Rb = F Rb
T = 0.25(0.025)
T = 0.00625 N.m
c) T = (F1-F2) Rb = F Rb
T = 0.50(0.025)
T = 0.01250 N.m
d) T = (F1-F2) Rb = F Rb
T = 0.75(0.025)
T = 0.01875 N.m
e) T = (F1-F2) Rb = F Rb
T = 1.00(0.025)
T = 0.02500 N.m
f) T = (F1-F2) Rb = F Rb
T = 1.25(0.025)
T = 0.03125 N.m

3. Power , P =

2 NT
60

a) P =

2 ( 613 ) (0.00)
60

b) P =

2 (572 ) ( 0.00625)
60

= 0.00W

= 0.374W

c) P=

2 ( 485 ) (0.0125)
60

d) P =

2 ( 386 ) (0.01875)
60

e) P =

2 (134 ) (0.025)
60

f)P=

2 ( 81 ) (0.03125)
60

=0.635W

= 0.758W

= 0.351W

= 0.265W

Same calculation for pressure : 0.30bar,0.35bar and 0.40bar

DISCUSSION
In this test, the Pelton wheels is subjected to different series of pressure of water stream
and subjected to different torque. There are produce of power by change the hydraulic energy to
mechanical energy in the impulse turbine. The stream of water direct into Pelton wheel will
generate torque by the wheel rotation at constant pressure. The RPM (rotation per minutes) was
determined by optical tachometer.
From the result obtained and graph plotted, we could determine how Pelton Wheel
produce the power and reacts to different kind of input. Different pressure will gives different
value of work input.
The optimum power extraction is usually obtained at a certain rotational speed which is
between the minimum and maximum rotation speed. However, from our result obtained, the
Pelton turbine at 0.35bar show exception by having maximum power at lowest rotational speed.
The maximum power was obtained throughout tests with different pressure exerted are 0.761W
at pressure 0.25 bar, 0.728W at pressure 0.30 bar, 0.937W at 0.35 bar and 1.525W at pressure
0.40 bar. By increasing the torque applied to the wheel and more friction induced, the rotation
speed will decrease.
It is important to know the when will the optimum power produce in order to determine
the flowrate that can give the highest efficiency.

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, Pelton Impulse Turbine produce optimum power in between the range of flow
rate and rotational speed. The input for the turbine is influenced by the water pressure which s
contributed by different of water flowrate from the nozzle.
From the graph of T against N, we can conclude that the T, torque decrease when N, rotation
speed increased .
Torque, T = ( F1 - F2 ) Rb
When the N increase, P will show a trend which is increasing to an optimum maximum point
then it will decrease until it reached 0.
The maximum power obtained at pressure 0.25 bar is 0.761W at 386rpm, 0.728W at pressure
0.30 bar at 556rpm, 0.937W at 0.35 bar at 286rpm and 1.525W at pressure 0.40 bar at 582rpm.
The objective of this experiment has achieved.