Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx notes

2008-2009

Cerebrum, brainstem: infects many cells including

Meningoencpehalitis, necrotizing, lymphoid, resides in a
1.1 1 Elephant seal Toxoplasma gondii histiocytic, multifocal mild with parasitophorus vacuole which
lymphoplasmacytic perivascular protects it from the host
cuffing and few protozoal cysts response

Colon: Granulomas, multifocal with

1.2 2 Macaque Oesophagostomum
few strongyloid nematodes

Cuticle Hypodermis Musculature Digestive tract

Mouth, buccal cavity,

Ranges in immediately internal to
Under the hypodermis esophagus, intestine, and
thickness the cuticle
anus

extensions of the
lining cells- multinulceate, or
Alae-winglike hypodermis into the coelomyarian/polymyarian: extend
uninucleate, pigmented from
extensions pseudocoelom are called into body cavity/ numerous/ tall
digested blood or bile
lateral chords

Platymyarian/meromyarian:
flattened against the hypodermis

Blastemal cells do not exhibit

cytomorphologic
Triphasic- equal amounts of all 3
1.3 3 Horse Nephroblastoma characteristics of
cell lineages
mesenchymal or epithelial
cells

Lung: Pneumonia, necrotizing,

A suis can also cause rhoboid
histiocytic and neutrophilic with
1.4 4 Pig Actinobacillus suis cutaneous infarctions similar to
vasculitis, necrotic leukocytes (oat
Erysipelas
cells), fibrin and coccobacilli
Skin: Hyperkeratosis,
Athymic nude mice and SCID
2.1 5 Mouse Corynebacterium bovis orthokeratotic, with epidermal
mice
hyperplasia and mild dermatitis

Sprague Dawley Rats > 12

months old; Liver, LN, Spleen,
Mediastinum,
2.2 6 Mouse Histiocytic Sarcoma Liver: Histiocytic Sarcoma
Retroperitoneum, SQ; Rats
have nodular lesions, Mice
have diffuse infiltrations
 Liver, hepatocytes: Microvesicular
lipidosis
Lung: Pleuropneumonia,
Corynebacterium Similar to C diptheriae and
2.3 7 Macaque fibrinonecrotic, diffuse, severe, with
ulcerans pseudotuberculosis
abundant coccobacilli

Thyroid gland: thyroiditis,

African Green lymphoplasmacytic, chronic, with
2.4 8 Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Monkey follicular hyperplasia and colloid
depletion
Lung: Pneumonia,
Canine Distemper and bronchointerstitial, necrotizing,
3.1 9 Dog Canine Adenovirus type multifocal to coalescing, with
2 syncytia and intranuclear and
intracytoplasmic inclusions

Heart: atypical endothelial

proliferation
(angioendotheliomatosis), proliferating cells are positive
Feline Systemic Reactive
3.2 10 Cat multifocal with few fibrin thrombi, for SMA and VWF (endothelial
Angioendotheliomatosis
rare myocyte degeneration and cells and pericytes)
necrosis and minimal
lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis
Kidney, posterior: Nephritis,
Renibacterium necrotizing, granulomatous,
3.3 11 Rainbow trout
salmoninarium severe, with myriad intrahistiocytic
bacteria
fibro-adipose tissue and skeletal Cd31 and VWF, and lymphatic
Feline Ventral Abdominal
3.4 12 Cat muscle: feline ventral abdominal Vessel endothelial receptor-1
Angiosarcoma
angiosarcoma are positive
Testicle, splenic capsule- Right testicle: hypoplasia,
4.1 13 Horse Seminoma
seminoma diffuse
also found in spleen, adrenal
4.2 14 cat Myelolipoma Liver: Myelolipoma, multiple and spinal cord of dogs, and
adrenal glands of cattle
Liver: Cholangiohepatitis,
proliferative, lymphohistiocytic,
4.3 15 Rabbit Eimeria steidae
chronic, multifocal, with
intraepithelial coccidia
Pituitary gland, pars distalis:
4.4 16 Rat Pituitary adenoma Most are prolactin secreting
Adenoma
Necrotic and hemorrhagic
changes are centered on CNS,
Highly Pathogenic Avian Cerebrum: Neuronal necrosis,
5.1 17 swan pancreas, lungs, liver,
Influenza (H5N1) multifocal with glial nodules
adrenals, heart, and lymphoid
organs
 splenitis, necrotizing, random,
5.2 18 Cat Francisella tularensis multifocal, moderate with lymphoid
depletion
Haired skin: dermatitis,
proliferative, and necrotizing,
5.3 19 Goat Capripoxvirus subacute with intraepidermal vasculitis?
vesicles, balooning degeneration,
and ICIB

Lung: Pneumonia,
bronchointerstitial, proliferative with
intraepithelial intracytoplasmic ICIB

Acute lesions begin in airways

Lung: Pneumonia, necrotizing,
and progress to multifocal to
5.4 20 Bison Mycoplasma bovis fibrinosuppurative, diffuse, with
coalescing caseonecrotic
interlobular edema and fibrosis
debris often containing mineral

Lung: Pneumonia,
bronchointerstitial,
Acute Respiratory Intrabronchial administration of
6.1 21 Dog fibrinosuppurative, with bronchiolar
Distress syndrome Staph aureus
and alveolar hyaline membranes
and bacteria

ddx: Oxygen toxicity, smoke,

phosgene, mercury vapor,
kerosene, paraquat, high
altitude, bleomycin, busulfan,
methotrexate
E cadherin is lost in lobular
Ductular Carcinoma In Mammary gland: ductular
6.2 22 Macaque (MALE) tumors (LCIS), so is diagnostic
situ carcinoma
for DCIS
Species Mammary Changes
Rat Fibroadenoam (SD)
Rabbit Mammary Dysplasia
Mouse Mammary hyperplasia (FVB/N)
Mouse Mammary tumor
Cat Fibroepithelial hyperplasia
Canine Gynecomastia

Skeletal muscle, hind limb:

Rhabdomyosarcoma, embroyonal Why diagnose embryonal if its
6.3 23 Mouse (Adult) Rhabdomyosarcoma
with focal osteosarcomatous an adult mouse?
differentiation
 Myogenin and myoD are
expressed in the nucleus of
myoblasts
 Staphylococcus aureus, S
Digits, foreleg: Cellulitis, hominis, S xylosus,
pyogranulomatous, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
6.4 24 Mouse Botryomycosis
necrotizing, with osteolysis, Proteus sp, Escherichia coli,
Splendore-Hoeppli Nocardia asteroides, Strep
intermedius

Horse lesions-Spinal cord-

Eye: Pectenitis,
hemorrhage, malacia of
lymphoplasmacytic, diffuse with
7.1 25 Hawk West Nile Virus thoracic and lumbar spinal
mild choroiditis and retinal
cord/ Birds- Lesions in heart
degeneration and detachment
and liver

ddx: enrofloxacin, taurine

Eye, retina: Degeneration and loss
deficiency, inherited retinal
Enrofloxacin induced of photoreceptor, outer nuclear
7.2 26 Cat atrophy, hypertensive
retinal degeneration layer, and outer plexiform layers,
retinopathy, combination of
severe, diffuse
methylnitrosurea+ketamine
begins centrally (feline central
Taurine deficiency
retinal degeneration)

Rod-cone dysplasia (AD), and

rod-cone degeneration (AR)-
Inherited retinal atrophy
animal model of retinitis
pigmentosa

retinal detachment, subretinal

hemorrhage/effusion, retinal
Hypertensive retinopathy and choroidal vessel medial
hypertrophy, and/or
degenerative changes

Cornea is avascular and

covered by non-keratinized,
non-pigmented stratified
Eye: Panophthalmitis,
squamous epithelium, with
fibrinosuppurative, diffuse, severe,
Traumatic endothelial tight junctions, and
7.3 27 Dog with corneal rupture, iridal
panophthalmitis Na/K atpase. Bowmans
prolapse, phacoclasia, and
membrane is the BM below the
intralesional bacteria
surface epithelium, and is not
distinct in animals like it is in
humans
 Stromal damage-->
Neutrophils,
Neovascularization, Fibroblast
proliferation --> possible
fibrosis--> visual impairment

Eye, episcleral connective tissue:

Some slides contained minimal
7.4 28 Dog Onchocerca sp Adult filarid nematodes with mild
granulomatous inflammation
fibrosis

Rete mirabilis: Arteritis and

ddx ulcerative mucosal
Malignant Catarrhal periarteritis, necrotizing,
8.1 29 Ox diseases: Rinderpest, BVD,
Fever lymphocytic, multifocal, marked
FMD, Bluetongue, BPS, IBR
with fibrinoid necrosis

Kidney mottling, infarction,

nephritis, Urinary bladder
mucosal ulcerations, lymph
node and hemal node
enlargement, splenic lymphoid
hyperplasia

Kidney, liver and spleen:

Histiocytosis, intravascular, diffuse,
8.2 30 Cat Cytuxzoon felis
moderate with intrahistiocytic
schizonts

Location Parasite

Hemoproteus

Leukocytozoon
Plasmodium
Cytauxzoon felis
Babesia cati
Babesia felis
Anaplasma marginale
Anaplasma centrale
Babesia bovis
Intraerythrocytic Babesia bigemina
Theileria mutans
Theileria annulata
Theileria cervi
 Babesia canis
Babesia gibsoni
Babesia equi
babesia caballi
Babesia ovis

Babesia motasi

Trypanosoma johnbakeri

Mycoplasma hemofelis
(hemobartonella)
Epicellular (on membrane surface Mycoplasma hemocanis
of erythrocytes) (Hemobartonella)
Mycoplasma hemosuis
(Eperythrozoon suis)
Eperythrozoon weyoni
Eperythrozoon sp
Dipetalonema reconditum
Dirofilaria immitis
Setaria
Trypanosoma theileri
Trypanosoma congolese
Extracellular parasites Trypansoma vivax
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma brucei

Trypansoma evansi

Hemolytic toxin, survives in

Liver: hepatitis, necro-suppurative,
macrophages, strong cell
8.3 31 Chinchilla Listeria monocytogenes multifocal, moderate, with
mediated immune response is
numerous bacilli
necessary for clearance

Liver, hepatocytes: Vacuolar Chinchillas are highly

change, lipid-type susceptible
 Triatomids suck blood and
Heart: Myocarditis,
defecat--> Trypomastigotes
lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal,
are rubbed into the skin and
8.4 32 Dog Trypanosoma cruzi moderate, with rare sarcoplasmic
enter blood--> go to heart and
pseudocysts containing numerous
become amastigotes-->
amastigotes
multiply by binary fission

Skin: Epidermitis, exudative and

proliferative, multifocal with
9.1 33 Pig Staphylococcus hyicus
ulceration and superficial
dermatitis and intracorneal cocci

Toxin A- Stimulates cytokine

Small Intestine: villous necrosis,
9.2 34 Harbor seal Clostridium difficile production and attracts
diffuse, with myriad bacilli
leukocytes

Skin: Panniculitis and dermatitis,

Microsporum canis
9.3 35 Cat pyogranulomatous, nodular, focally
(Pseudomycetoma)
extensive with fungal hyphae

Skin: dermatitis and panniculitis, Capsule impairs phagocytosis,

Cryptococcus
9.4 36 Dog pyogranulomatous with numerous activates complement, and
neoformans
yeasts suppresses T cells

Ranid Herpesvirus-1 Kidney: Adenocarcinoma,

10.1 37 Leopard frog Lucke Tumor Herpesvirus
adenocarcinoma tubulopapillary

may metastasize, but primarily

Tasmanian Devil Facial Haired skin: Malignant
10.2 38 Tasmanian devil interfere with feeding, and
Tumor neuroendocrine neoplasm
devils lose condition

Lysate extracted from

Carapace: Sjell disease,
Shell disease (Mycotic- amebocytes is sued to test
10.3 39 Horsehoe crab necrotizing acute and chronic with
fusarium) pharmaceuticals for bacterial
fungal hyphae and bacteria
endotoxin
Invertebrates lack an adaptive
immune system- response
includes hemolymph
Gills: Branchitis, necrotizing, acute
coagulation, toll like receptor
and chronic, multifocal with fungal
mediated antimicrobial peptide
hyphae
production, melanin formation,
and lectin-mediated
complement
Animal fixation TB-
model of human
Mammary gland: Mastitis,
Mycobacterium central zones of necrosis
10.4 40 Guinea pig pyogranulomatous, focally
tuberculosis where the highest
extensive
concentrations of bacteria are
 Kidney: Renal adenocarcinoma
with interstitial nephritis, fibrosis
11.1 41 Cat Renal adenocarcinoma
and pyelitis, glomerulonephritis
with tubular proteinosis

Haired skin: Granulomas,

11.2 42 Macaque Calcinosis circumscripta calcareous, multifocal to
coalescing
Colon: Colitis, fibrinonecrotic, Sheep- Epsilon toxin binds to
Clostridium perfringens multifocal to coalescing with endothelial cells leading to
11.3 43 Goat
Type D hemorrhagic and superfiical cocci FSE, and bind to distal tubules
and bacilli leading to pulpy kidney

Lung, arteries- Endoarteritis,

11.4 44 Dog angiostrongylus vasorum chronic with thrombi and
intravascular adult nematodes
Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous,
multifocal to coalescing with
hemorrhage and nematode larvae

Tongue: Glossitis,
pyogranulomatous, multifocal to
12.1 45 Ox Actinobacillus lignierisii coalescing, severe with Splendore
Hoepli material, fibrosis, myocyte
degeneration, necrosis and loss

Spinal cord: Poliomyelitis and

ganglioneuritis, non-suppuratove,
multifocal marked with neuronal Ventral horn of spinal cord,
Porcine Teschovirus
12.2 46 Pig degeneration and necrosis, brain stem, ganglion cells of
(PTV)
neuronophagia, gliosis, spinal ganglion
astrocytosis, satellitosis and
spheroids

Pseudoreabies (suid
Herpesvirus1)- non-suppurative
encephalitis of gray matter,
neuronal necrosis, and
ganglioneuritis, INIB, cerberal
cortex mostly with other tissues-
adrenal gland,s liver, tonsils,
spleen, lung
Porcine Hemagglutinating
encephalitis (coronavirus)-
Neurological disease (4-7 day-
old pigs/ vomiting and wasting
(4-14 days)- Non-suppurative
encephalomyelitis in medulla,
brain stem, and trigeminal,
paravertebral and autonomic
ganglia and gastric myenteric
plexus
 Nipah virus (Paramyxovirus)-
Encephalitis and pneumonia-
necrotizing vasculitis and
Porcine rubulavirus
fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles,
encephalomyelitis
venules, and capillaries, with
(Paramyxovirus)- Poli-
endothelial syncytia, ICIB,
Encephalomyelitis, reproductive
bronchointerstitial pneumonia,
failure and corneal edema, anterior
necrotizing bronchiolitis,
uveitis, epididymitis, orchitis, and
lymphocytic neutrophilic
interstitial pneumonia
meningitis, and non-
suppurative encephalitis and
gliosis

Cecum: Typhlitis, necrotizing and

pyogranulomatous, diffuse, severe,
12.3 47 Cat Candida albicans with vasculitis, fibrin, hemorrhage,
edema, and intralesional hyphae
and pseudohyphae and rare INIB

Lymph node: Lymphoid depletion,

diffuse, severe with draining
Feline Parvovirus
hemorrhage, edema and
eosinophilic INIB
Skeletal muscle: Myocyte
degeneration and necrosis,
12.4 48 Ox Clostridium chauvoei multifocal, moderate with
hemorrhage, emphysema and few
intralesional bacteria
reported with co-twin and its
own placenta- the absence of
Placenta: Cotyledonary
Hydatiform Mole? any detectable fetal structures
hyperplasia with irregular villus
13.1 49 Ox (cotyledonary suhc as skin distinguishes
hypertrophy and trophoblastic
hyperplasia) them from the more common
hyperplasia (placental hamartoma)
amorphous globosus (fetal
mole)
diagnosis of hydatiform mole is
Humans- Hydatidorm mole is a
questionable: Differentials are
cystic swelling of chorionic villi
amorphous globosus, adventitial
accompanied by trophoblsatic
placentation, and a co twin that
proliferation
has died

Causes of sperm granulomas-

Epididymis: Epididymitis,
congenital duct anomalies,
13.2 50 sheep Actinobacillus seminis granulomatous, focally extensive
adenomyosis, trauma,
with sperm granuloma
infections

Epididmymis: Epithelial
hyperplasia, multifocal, moderate

Testicle: Orchitis,
lymphohistiocytic, chronic, diffuse,
13.3 51 Dog Brucella canis severe with marked seminiferous
tubular atrophy and loss and
interstitial cell hyperplasia
Late gestational (>50 days)
abortions, placental necrosis of
chorionic villi, with
intratrophoblastic bacteria:
fetal lesions include
pneumonia, endocarditis, and
hepatitis

Epididmyis: Epididymitis,
lymphohistiocytic, chronic with
epithelial hyperplasia

Teratoma, monodermal Ovary: Teratoma, monodermal ddx: ganglioneuroma and CNS

13.4 52 Dog
variant variant component of teratoma

EPEC/EAEC- adhesins and

Small intestine: enteritis with
fimbriae-intimin receptor
marked villus atrophy, fusion,
translocates to host cell
blunting, and crypt necrosis, and
14.1 53 Dog Escerichia coli causing cytoskeletal
loss and attaching bacilli,
rearrangements--> Pedestal-
apicomplexans and intracryptal
like structure and loss of
helical bacteria
microvilli

Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
membranoproliferative and
Aleutian Mink Disease necrotizing, diffuse, moderate, with Homozygous for the Aleutian
14.2 54 Mink
(Parvovirus) multifocal necrotizing arteriolitis, gene are more susceptible
subacute interstitial nephritis, and
rare protein casts
Skeletal muscle: Degeneration and
14.3 55 Donkey Nutritional myopathy
necrosis, multifocal moderate

Proliferating larval cestodes

(spargana)- Pseudophylidian
Skeletal muscle: Rhabdomyositis,
cestodes- Lack GI tract,
and panniculitis,
Sparganum proliferum calcareous corpuscles, within
14.4 56 Dog pyogranulomatous and
(larval cestode) cysts lined by a eosinophilic
eosinophilic, focally extensive, with
amorphous capsule, bodies
encysted larval cestodes
have muscle and excretory
ducts
 Non-hyperextensible skin in contracts to EDS which is
Skin: Epidermal and dermal
hyperextensible/ Both histologically similar, but FASFS- the epidermis
Feline Acquired Skin atrophy, diffuse, marked with
15.1 57 Cat is thin with dermal atrophy and thin collagen bundles/ In EDA the
fragility Syndrome follicular atrophy and loss, dermal
epidermis is unaffected and dermis is normal thickness, but dermal
celfting and subacute dermatitis
collagen is abnormally arranged with red cores by Trichrome stain

ddx: acantholytic SCC

15.2 58 Dog Warty Dyskeratoma Hairred skin: Warty Dyskeratoma (extensive apoptosis is
distinguishing feature)

Merkel cells are located in the

stratum basale
Haired skin: Merckel cell
15.3 59 Cat Merckel cell carcinoma (mechanoreceptors) with
Carcinoma
dense core granules and
numerous desmosomes

Bandicoot papillomatosis Skin: Follicular and epidermal

15.4 60 Bandicoot carcinomatosis virus hyperplasia and dysplasia with
Type 1 hypergranulosis

Small Intestine: Enteritis,

16.1 61 White-faced Ibis Giardia sp heterophilic, diffuse, with surface Malabsorption of nutrients
associated trophozoites

Aphasmids- stichosomes
(basophilic structures around
esophagus). Stichocytes are
Proventriculus: Proventriculitis, esophageal gland cells.
16.2 62 Blue Heron Eustrongyloides granulomatous, multifocal, Aphasmids have a bacillary
moderate with nematodes band of nuclei in the
hypodermis- Adult females
have one genital tract, with
eggs having bipolar plugs

Fulvous Whistling Liver: Granulomas, multifocal, with

16.3 63 Mycobacterium avium
Duck acid fast bacilli
 Liver: Amyloidosis, diffuse, severe
with moderate hepatocellular
atrophy, loss and degeneration
and necrosis with multifocal
granulomatous hepatitis

Lung: Interstitial fibrosis, multifocal,

severe with fibroblast and smooth Associated with the development of bronchoalveolar carcinoma,
Feline Idiopathic
16.4 64 Cat muscle proliferation type II alveolar squamous metaplasia, sub-pleural and caudo-dorsal
Pulmonary Fibrosis
pneumocyte hyperplasia, and distribution, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia
alveolar histiocytosis

Gastrointestinal Stromal Cecum: Gastrointestinal stromal

17.1 65 Horse origin- interstitial cells of Cajal- CD 117, Vim, NSE, mild SMA+
Tumor tumor, myxoid

Lung: Fibrosis, interstitial, nodular,

Equine Multinodular multifocal, severe, with neutrophilic
17.2 66 Horse Pulmonary Fibrosis- and histiocytic alveolitis, Type II
Equine Herpesvirus-5 pneumocyte hyperplasia, and rare
intrahistiocytic Eos INIB

Placenta, allantochorion:
C cellulans- Gram Pos,
Placentitis, necrotizing, subacute,
Cellulosimicrobium branching, motile, oxidase
17.3 67 Horse diffuse, moderate, with squamous
cellulans negative, catalase positive,
metaplasia, fibrin, edema, and
non-acid fast bacilli
large colonies of coccobacilli

Nasal turbinates: Rhinitis,

necroulcerative, subacute with
Porcine cytomegalovirus- Note corynebacterium was
17.4 68 Pig glandular epithelial eosinophilic
inclusion body rhinitis isolated from the turbinate
INIB, osteolysis and osteonecrosis,
fibrosis and granulation tissue
 ddx: DHV Type I (Enterovirus;
Picornaviridae) has been
reported in mallard ducklings;
experimental DHV Type I
infections have been produced
Duck Plague Duck viral in goslings, turkey poults,
Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing, acute,
18.1 69 Muscovy duck Enteritis Virus- Anatid young pheasants, quail, and
random, moderate, with Eosin INIB
Herpes virus- 1 guinea fowl. The viruses that
cause hepatitis in ducklings
should not be confused with
duck hepatitis B virus, a
hepadnavirus infection of older
ducks.

looks like there are inclusions in DVH- The liver is enlarged and covered with hemorrhagic foci up to 1
the endothelial cells as well- Avian cm in diameter. The spleen may be enlarged and mottled. Kidneys
Diseases 36:164-168 may be swollen, and renal blood vessels congested.

Proventriculus: Proventriculitis,
proliferative and heterophilic,
18.2 70 Northern Bobwhite Dispharynx nasuta
diffuse, marked with glandular
ectasia and adult spirurids

Small intestine: enteritis,
lymphoblastic, transmural, with
crypt loss, intraleukocytic
18.3 71 House Sparrow Atoxoplasma
apicomplexan merozoites, and
intraepithelial gamonts, and
schizonts
Passeriformes only- Loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, loss of
balance. Atoxoplasma resembles toxoplasma but is not toxoplasma.
Atoxoplasma and Isospora occysts contain two sporocysts each
having four sporozoites. Typical coccidian lifecycle, but Atoxoplasma
sporozoites and merozoites can infect mononucleated cells and enter
ciruclation and induce a lympoproliferative response.

Liver: Hepatitis, portal,

lymphoblastic, diffuse, marked with
intracytoplasmic apicomplexan
merozoites

Colon: Colitis, erosive, multifocal, Growers and finishers, Large

Brachyspira
moderate, with necrosis, luminal intestine only, mucin, fibrin,
18.4 72 Pig hyodysenteriae (Swine
mucin accumulation and blood, pseudomembrane,
Dysentery)
argyrophilic spiral bacteria erosions
 Ptaquilosied- norsesquiterpene
Bone marrow: hypoplasia, glucoside- causes bone
19.1 73 Ox Bracken Fern (acute)
trilineage, diffuse marrow suppression,
cumulative

Pathogenesis: Tick
transmission--> Parasitized
Cytological preparation, peripheral erythrocytes--> Hemolysis (IV,
blood smear: Moderate EV) --> Anemia,
19.2 74 Dog Babesia sp polychromasia, and anisocytosis hemoglobinemia, bilirubinemia,
(regenerative anemia), with icterus --> anaerobic
intraerythrocytic organisms metabolism --> Acidosis -->
hypoxic cell damage --> shock
--> death

Brain, cerebrum: necrosis and

Nutritional neuronal loss, cortical, laminar, Sulfates, Bracken fern,
19.3 75 Ox Polioencephalomalacia multifocal, moderate with edema Thiaminase containing fish,
(PEM) and histiocytic and lymphocytic altered rumen metabolism
meningoencephalitis

Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,

fibrinonecrotizing, acute, multifocal
to coalescing, marked with edema,
19.4 76 Dog Uremic Pneumonitis
hemorrhage, hyaline membranes,
and alveolar septal
mineralization

Tumor cells resemble fibrillary

atrocytes but GFAP staining is
variable- Type 1 is diffuse
20.1 77 Dog Gliomatosis cerebri Brainstem: Gliomatosis cerebri
infiltration of the brain with no
mass lesion, Type II is a mass
lesion

Oligodendroglioma, Cerebrum: Oligodendroglioma, Anaplastic = cellulariy, necrosis, high MI, proloiferation of glomeruloid
20.2 78 Dog
anaplastic anaplastic blood vessels
 Kidney: Nephritis and phlebitis,
granulomatous, necrotizing,
Feline infectious
20.3 79 cat chronic, multifocal, severe, with
peritonitis virus (FIP)
multifocal tubular degeneration,
necrosis, and regeneration

Cervical spinal cord, meninges: Meningiomas are derived from

Meningioma, chordoid
20.4 80 Dog Meningiona, chordoid (myxoid) the meningothelial cells of the
(myxoid)
variant arachnoid membrane

this was incidental lesion-

Bone: Focal chondronecrosis and cartilage) and osteochondrosis
retention (delayed endochondral
ossification) of growth cartilage-
21.1 81 Horse Osteochondrosis Articular epiphyseal complex
dysplasia, chronic with
osteonecrosis, and infraction and
marrow fibrosis
Chondrocyte coagulation
necrosis in both a focus of
osteochondrosis latens
(confined to epiphyseal
manifesta- hypothesized
secondary to ischemia.
Possibly secondary to vascular
necrosis in cartilage canals.
Cartilage cores in the deep
margin of the retained cartilage
indicate that cartilage
mineralization and vascular
invasion is taking place
(doesnt happen in OC
manifesta)

Bone: Failure of endochrondral Type I- inherited deficiency of

Vitamin D resistant ossification- Physeal dysplasia with renal 1-hydroxylase enzyme-->
21.2 82 Dog
rickets Type II disordered chondrocyte colomns responds to large doses of Vit
and marrow fibrosis D

Normal or increased numbers

Bone: Osteosclerosis, diffuse,
of osteoclasts, OC do not have
21.3 83 Ox Osteopetrosis severe with retention of cartilage
a ruffled border suggesting a
cores
functional defect
 Canine panosteitis- Idiopathic
Bone: Intramedullary bone
21.4 84 Horse Enostosis periosteal and endosteal bone
formation (enostosis)
proliferation
Brain, cerebrum:
Meningoencephalitis, eosinophilic
22.1 85 Pig Salt Toxicity
acute, multifocal moderate with
neuronal necrosis
Brain, thalamus:
Inclusion bodies (Joest-Degen
Meningoencephalitis, lymphocytic,
Borna disease virus bodies) are intranuclear and
22.2 86 Horse multifocal, moderate- Few
(BDV) rarely in the cytoplasm, found
inclusions in the hippocampus
more in the hippocampus
(INIB)

Brain, cerebrum: Intravascular

22.3 87 Dog intravascular lymphoma lymphoma with fibrin thrombi and T cells or Non-B NonT cells
multifocal infarcts

suprasellar germ cell

Brain, diecephalon: Suprasellar ddx- Pituitary adenoma and cranipharyngioma/ Arise in the pineal
22.4 88 Dog tumor (extragonadal
germ cell tumor gland or sella tursica- Alpha feto protein +, HCG + PlALP +
germ cell tumor)

1) Pleomorphic nests of germ

3 diverse neoplastic cell
populations
cells; 2) Large polygonal cells
with abundant cytoplasm and
lipid vacuoles in nests
(hepatoid cells) ; 3) Epithelial
cells reminiscent of intestinal
epithelium or respiratory
epithelium, with squamous
differentiation and
keratinization

Ileocecocolic junction: Serositis

African Green
23.1 89 Klebsiella pneumonia and peritonitis, granulomatous with
Monkey
fibrosis

lymph node: Lymphadenitis,

pyogranulomatous

Skin: epidermal hyperplasia with

Capillaria xenopodis/ multifocal degeneration and
African Clawed
23.2 90 Pseudocapillaroides necrosis, orthokeratotic
Frog
xenopi hyperkeratosis and intraepidermal
aphasmid nematodes
 Scaled skin: Fibroblast
Iridoviridae- 1) Iridovirus; 2)
hypertrophy, nodular with
chloriridovirus; 3) Ranavirus;
23.3 91 Bluegill fish Lymphocystivirus karyomegaly, basophilic
4) Lymphocystivirus; 5)
cytoplasmic inclusions and
Goldfish iridovirus
lmyphoplasmacytic dermatitis

Chysosporium anamorph Scaleed skin: Epidermitis,

Looks like dermatophyte,
23.4 92 Tentacled snake of Nannizziopsis vriesii necrotizing and ulcerative,
Cladosporium or Candida
(CANV) multifocal with intralesional fungi

Catecholamines and receptor

Heart, left ventricle: Myocardial
agonists--> Brain heart
degeneration and necrosis,
Clenbuterol cardiac syndrome,
24.1 93 Horse multifocal with histiocytic and
toxicity Pheochromocytoma and
lymphocytic myocarditis and
sympathomimetic drug
fibroplasia
overdoses

Gossypol (cottonseed) or tremetol

(Eupatorium or white snakeroot Hairy vetch (cattle not horses)
(alcohols), Cantharidin

Intraosseous, proliferative,
Mandibular ossifying Gingiva, tooth, and alveolar
24.2 94 Dog expansile, lytic, and invasive in
fibroma cortical bone: Ossifying fibroma
membranous bone

Cerebrum, Neuronal degeneration,

necrosis, and loss, extensive with
Neuronal ceroid gliosis, cerebral atrophy, Subunit C of mitochondrial
24.3 95 Dog
lipofuscinosis meningeal fibrosis, subdural ATP
hemorrhage, and eosinophilic
neuronal cytoplasmic bodies

DC- CD18, CD1, Cd11c(Neg

24.4 96 Dog Histocytic sarcoma Prostate gland: histiocytic sarcoma in Macrophages) ICAM-1
MHCII variable CD45
Kidney: tubular degeneration,
necrosis, and regeneration, diffuse
Hemoglobinuric
25.1 97 dog with hemoglobin and granular IMHA
nephrosis
casts and rare glomerular fibrin
thrombi
Adenocarcinoma; Uterus: Adenocarcinoma and
25.2 98 Rabbit
Leiomyosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma
 notes/DDX

cysts have a thin outer wall containing

numerous bradyzoites

Reproductive tract

Only females are present in

Rhabditoid infections

Females have two tracts, Males have

one

Some produce eggs others larvae

acanthosis, kyperkeratosis and

coryneform bacteria in the stratum
corneum
 Sheeppox, goatpox, and lumpyskin
disease

Gross: Well demarcated,

caseonecrotic nodules up to a few
centimeters in diameter disperseed
throughout the cranioventral lung
lobes

Hyaline membranes are homogenous

granular or fibrillar eosinophilic
material composed of necrotic
epithelial cell debris mixed with fibrin
and plasma- Surfactant apolipoprotein
A, VWF, and Cytokeratin AE1/AE3

Cause
Prolactin
Pituitary tumor secreting prolactin
Pars distalis prolactin
Mammary tumor viruses (MMTV)
Progesterone administration
Sertoli cell tumor

Desmin, Myosin, Titin, Myogenin, and

mYoD> Actin, Myoglobin, Vimentin
BMP is not expressed in
rhabdomyosarcoma
 Horse Histo- Non-suppurative
encephalomyelitis, gliosis

cats may also have dilative

cardiomyopathy

Abyssinian and persian

Also have renal disease or

hyperthyroidism

Corneal wounds are healed by first

sliding epithelium followed by mitosis
after 24 hrs. Cells recruited from the
corneoscleral junction retain
phenotypic characterisitics of
conjunctiva such as pigmentation and
rete ridges- Conjunctival or cutaneous
metaplasia
 Filarids--> small, most in the group
produce microfilaria; Coelomyarian
musculature which atrophies in
Onchocerca and becomes
hypodermis; very small intestine (Key
dx feature tells from Thelazia)

Proliferation of CD8+ T cells,

Vasculitis, Resp and GI ulceration-
Infects Large Granular Lymphocytes
with T suppressor and NK cell activity

Host

Birds

Cats

Cattle

Deer Elk
 Dogs

Horses

Sheep

Birds

Cats

Dogs

Pigs
Cattle
Llamas
Dogs
Dogs/cats
Horses
Cattle

dogs

Horses

Abortion: ruminants, late gestation,

hematogenous

Septicemic: Calves, foals, fetuses,

miliary microabscesses in liver and
maybe other organs
Encephalitis: ruminants, food-->
invades mucosa--> trigeminal nerve-->
retrograde axonal transportation-->
brainstem --> microabscesses
Pseudocyts rupture out of muscle and
release trypomastigotes into blood-->
picked up by triatomids --> in bug
intestine change into epimastigotes

Toxin B- modulates cell signaling

pathways, and induces cytokine
production and causes apoptosis

Some strains produce melanin and

phenoloxidase (antioxidants)

Granular amoebocytes (hemocytes)--

degranulation and formation of a
hemolymph clot

Hemolymph contains soluble

antimicrobial proteins including C-
reactive protein, alpha-2
microglobulins, lectins and
hemocyanins
Goats-Type D- Peracute deathm acute
diarrhea, chronic- Distal small intestine
and cecum, colon, with fibrinonecrotic
enterocolitis

Some strains associated with female

reproductive disorders, enteric
disease, pneumonia, pericarditis, and
myocarditis

Classical Swine Fever (pestivirus)-

vascular lesions- hemorrhage,
infarction, necrosis and DIC- gray and
white matter of medulla, pons, and
thalamus, endothelial swelling and
proliferation, perivascular lymphocytic
cuffing, hemorrhage, thrombosis and
gliosis, and neuronal degeneration
 Complete mole= paternal side- XX
diploid/ Partial mole = Triploid
(fertilization of a haploid ovum either
by two sperm or one sperm which
duplicates
 B canis and B suis lack surface
antigens that test for M melitensis and
B abortus

Brachyspira canis is commensal/

Brachyspira pilosicoli have been
isolated from dogs with diarrhea

Kits get interstitial pneumonia with rare

INIB/ Adults get splenomegaly,
lymphadneopathy,
hypergammaglobulinemia, and acute
interstitial nephritis leading to kidney
failure
 e skin in contracts to EDS which is
logically similar, but FASFS- the epidermis
y and thin collagen bundles/ In EDA the
nd dermis is normal thickness, but dermal
ranged with red cores by Trichrome stain

Sun exposed, involve hair follicles,

single raised nodules with umbilicated
centers/ dense keratin, suprabasilar
celfts, acantholytic cells are Corps
ronds (large orund cells with
perinuclear halos), or Corps grains
(small ovoid, intense eosinophilic with
pyknotic flattened nuclei)

Neural crest origin- NSE,

Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin,
CK20

bsorption of nutrients

examples - Trichuris, Eustrongyloides,

Diocyophyma, and Capillaria
elopment of bronchoalveolar carcinoma,
taplasia, sub-pleural and caudo-dorsal
pe II pneumocyte hyperplasia

f Cajal- CD 117, Vim, NSE, mild SMA+

fetal lesions- pyogranulomatous

pneumonia/ not seen in nocardiosis/
DDx Crossiella equi placentitis
 DHV Type II is considered to be an
astrovirus and is difficult to propagate
under laboratory conditions; DHV
Type III is a member of the
Picornaviridae, is antigenically distinct
from Type I virus, and can be
propagated in duck (but not chick)
embryos. A distinct serologic variant of
DHV Type I, named DHV Type Ia, has
also been described.

and covered with hemorrhagic foci up to 1

n may be enlarged and mottled. Kidneys
nd renal blood vessels congested.

of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, loss of

embles toxoplasma but is not toxoplasma.
ra occysts contain two sporocysts each
ypical coccidian lifecycle, but Atoxoplasma
s can infect mononucleated cells and enter
uce a lympoproliferative response.

Suppurative colitis, edema,

hyperemia, with spirochetes in colonic
glands, hyperplasia of goblet cells,
superficial erosions, fibrin,
hemorrhage
 ddx: Anaplasmosis, mannheimia
(laryngeal form), septicemic
pasteurellaosis, Leptospirosis, sweet
clover, bacillary hemoglobinuria

Sulfur associated PEM in ruminants-

microbial reduction of ingested sulfur-
hydrogen sulfide

ddx: Gliosis, diffuse astrocytoma,

lymphoma, PNET, microgliomatosis

rosis, high MI, proloiferation of glomeruloid

blood vessels
 ddx: Chordoma, myxoid
chondrosarcoma, metastatic
carcinoma

OC Manifesta (delayed endochondral

ossification seen grossly and on
radiographs) are known to resolve

Type II- Inherited defect in the Vitamin

D receptor or a site distal to it.
Reported in cats- No response to high
dose Vit D or calcium
supplementation, cats became normal
after physeal closure

In cats OP has been linked to Vit D

toxicosis and FeLV/ Cattle with
inherited OP--> Brachygnathia inferior,
impacted molars, protruding tongue,
shorter long bones, brittle bones, short
vertebrae, frontal and parietal bones
are thick, cerebral hemispheres are
rectangular with flattened dorsal
surfaces, and the cerebellum is
partially herniated andoptic nerves are
hypoplastic
 ddx: WNV, JE, St Louis Enceph, WEE,
EEE, VEE

Canine IVL is also known as Malignant

angioendotheliomatosis

nd cranipharyngioma/ Arise in the pineal

Alpha feto protein +, HCG + PlALP +
 hexagonal particles arranged in
paracrystalline arrays

Cardiac glycosides inhibits sodium-

potassium ATPase pump causing
disruption of membrane potential
leading to muscle necrosis

ddx: Fibrous osteodystrophy,

osteoma, fibrous dysplasia,
osteosarcoma,

E cadherin differentiates histiocytoma

from sarcoma
Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx
2007-2008
skeletal muscle: Myocyte
degeneration and necrosis, loss,
1 1 Horse Muscle Pseudotumor hypertrophy and regeneration with
myofiber disarray, fibrosis and fibromatosis (desmoid tumor),
chronic active myositis
Lung: fibrosis, interstitial, diffuse, Generalized thickening of the
marked, with type II pneumocyte
Idiopathic Interstitial
2 Dog hyperplasia and intraalveolar
lung disease
macrophages and multinucleated variable inflammatory cells and
giant cells
Ileum: Ileitis, proliferative, diffuse,
marked, with villar atrophy and
3 Pig Lawsonia intracellularis
fusion, lymphoid necrosis, crypt
herniation and crypt abscesses
Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing and
lymphohistiocytic, diffuse, severe,
4 Pig Porcine circovirus-2
with karyomegaly and botryoid
cytoplasmic inclusions
Gallbladder: Cholecystitis,
neutrophilic, diffuse, mild with
pericholecystic edema
Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,
necrotizing, histiocytic,
2 5 Horse Rhodococcus equi lymphoplasmacytic and
neutrophilic with fibrin and hyalin
membranes
Lung: Pneumonia,
pyogranulomatous, focally
extensive, severe, with
intrahistiocytic bacilli
notes notes/DDX
Pseudotumor is a group of
entities: myositis ossificans,
musculoaponeurotic
and fibrotic myopathy
West Highland White Terriers:
ddx: chronic bronchiolitis, neoplasia,
and infectious diseases. Idopathic
interstitium by eosinophilic
pulmonary fibrosis also occurs in
extracellular matrix with
middle age to older cats. Equine
multinodular pulmonary fibrosis is due
type II hyperplasia: Type 1 and
to EHV-5
III collagen
PDNS associated with PCV-2 and
PMWS PRRS with pasteurella multocida and
streptococcus
DAD-diffuse alveolar damage-
diffuse injury to type I
pneumocytes, type II
pneumocytes proliferation and
interstitial fibrosis: Thermal
injury, toxic gases, septicemia,
ingested toxins (paraquat,
kerosene, Brassica, perilla
mint), endotoxemia, acute
hypersensitivity reactions,
ventilator iduced injury and
chronic left heart failure
virulence factors prevent
lysosomal fusion and or result
in premature lysosomal
degranulation, survival of
bacteria and death of the
macrophage

Spleen, liver, and mediastinal
mass: Neuroblastoma with
6 dog Ganglioneuroblastoma
multifocal poorly differentiated
ganglion cells
Eastern Equine
Brain: Meningoencephalitis,
Encephalitis
7 Horse necrotizing, neutrophilic,
(Togaviridae,
lymphoplasmacytic, histiocytic
alphavirus)
Lung: Pneumonia,
bronchointerstitial, necrotizing, EHV-1- Abortion, foal mortality,
acute, multifocal, moderate with
8 Horse Equine Herpes Virus-1
fibrin, edema, syncytia, and
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion
bodies
adrenal gland, cortex: necrosis,
multifocal with rare eosinophilic
intranuclear inclusions
Submandibular salivary gland:
3 9 Mouse Myoepithelioma
Myoepithelioma
Stomach, glandular: Epithelial
Gastric intraepithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia, diffuse,
10 Mouse
neoplasia marked with lymphoplasmacytic
and neutrophilic gastritis
Ganglioneuromas- primitive
Neuroblastoma (CNS, PNS)- neuroepithelial cells with further
derived from neuroectodermal differentiation toward neurons (if they
neural crest cells differentiating have both neuroblasts and well
into neuroblasts differentiated neurons its
ganglioneuroblastoma)
Ganglioneuroblastoma- arise from cranial and spinal ganglia or
sympathetic ganglia of the ANS. Consist of ganlion cells, Schwann
cells, and nerve fibers in variable levels of differentiation
EEE, VEE are lethal in 90% of
WEE- 40% mortality
cases
Uterine vasculitis in small arterioles of
the endometrium--> premature
placental separation. Plaecntal lesions
respiratory and neurologic include chorionic villous necrosis and
disease: Abortion after 5 fibrinois vascular necrosis of chorionic
months gestation. blood vessels with fibrin thrombi. Virus
has been detected in chorionic
endothelial cells.
Fetal infection- pulmonary EHV-3- Equine coital exanthema;
edema, multifocal hepatic EHV-4- Rhinopneumonitis (but can
necrosis. cause abortion less frequently)
Modified epithelial cell
between epithelial cells and
basement membrane. They
contain long cytoplasmic
Neiplastic cells are positive for
processes that contract upon
cytokeratin, actin, calponin, and
sympathetic or
myosin; Associated finding- Myeloid
parasympathetic stimulation.
hyperplasia
Most commonly from
submaxillary or parotid salivary
glands, mammary glands, and
sweat glands
GIN- pre-invasive neoplastic INS-GAS mouse- gastrin priduced by
lesions not grossly visible; islet Beta cells --> stimulation of
sunonym with atypical gastric acid secretion/ increased
hyperplasia, atypia, parietal and enterochromaffin cell
microadenoma, carcinoma in numbers --> progressive decrease in
situ, and dysplasia gastrin and number of cells
Co infection with H. pylori
leads to atrophy, intestinal
metaplasia, and dysplasia-->
carcinoma
 PNET: derived from germinal
neuroepithelial cells, and Palisading and rosettes, carrot shaped
11 Mouse Medulloblastoma Cerebellum: Medulloblastoma
presumably from matrix cells nuclei, frequent mitoses
of the external granular layer

Kidney: Renal dysplasia, with fetal

glomeruli, fetal mesenchyme,
Associated with feline
immature tubules, tubular ectasia
Renal dysplasia; bile panleukopenia, canine
12 Macaque and cysts, and interstitial and
duct hyperplasia herpesvirus, and BVDV,
capsular fibrosis with minimal
hypovitaminosis A
lymphoplasmacytic interstitial
nephritis and mineralization

ddx canine myocarditis:

Heart: myocarditis, Distemper, Neospora,
lymphohistiocytic, chronic, Trypanosoma, Toxoplasma,
4 13 Dog canine parvovirus multifocal, moderate, with necrosis Rickettsia rickettsii, Ehrlichia
and loss and basophilic canis, Bartonella elizabethae,
intranuclear inclusions Prototheca, Borrelia
burgdorferi

Mott cells- gamma globulin;

Footpad: Pododermatitis, Plasmacytic stomatitis,
Plasmacytic
14 Cat plasmacytic, chronic, diffuse, glomerulonephritis, and
pododermatitis
marked, with fibrosis amyloidosis are occasionally
seen with this condition
ddx: eosinophilic and
Haired skin: Dermatitis and Pythium and Lagenidium are aquatic
granulomatous dermatitis:
panniculitis, pyogranulomatous dimorphic water molds (protists).
15 Horse Pythium insidiosum Pythiosis, Habronema, Mast
and eosinophilic with ulceraation, Infective stage is biflagellate
cell tumor, Eosinophilic
vasculitis, and hyphae zoospore--> form germ tubes
collagenolytic granulomas

features: peripheral
lymphocytic aggregates, large
histiocytic cells with
Feline Vaccine Haired skin and subcutis:
16 Cat intracytoplasmacytic blue-gray
associated fibrosarcoma fibrosarcoma
material and areas of
cavitation; Higher degree of
pleomorphism

artery: Arteritis, chronic-active,

multifocal to coalescing with diffuse
5 17 Horse Strongylus vulgaris transmural fibrosis, mural fibrin
thrombus, and intrluminal larval
strongyles

3 forms: Cutaneous- L. tropica

Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
(Mediteranean),
membranoproliferative, global,
Mucocutaneous- L.
18 Dog Leishmania infantum diffuse, with lymphoplasmacytic
brazillensis- Central America;
interstitial nephritis, protein casts,
Visceral- L donovani (Europe,
and intrahistiocytic amastigotes
Africa, and Asia)
 adrenal gland: Adrenalitis,
histiocytic, neutrophilic, and
plasmacytic, multifocal with
intrahistiocytic amastigotes
Ingestion, percutaenous,
inhalation--> germination --> Lethal toxin results in TNF and IL-1
spleen: Congestion, acute, diffuse,
encapsulated toxin-producing release and terminal shock; Edema
19 Ox Bacillus anthracis severe, lymphocytolysis, and
vegetative form (Poly-D- factor results in altered intracellular
myriad bacilli
glutamate capsule inhibits water and ion concentrations.
phagocytosis)

Small Ruminant Lentiviruses

(Retroviridae)- CAE, OPP
(maediviscna): Gag- group
Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,
specific nucleocapsid and CAE- Adults- progresive arthritis/ Kids-
Caprine Arthritis chronic, diffuse, with interstitial
20 Goat matrix glycoprotein/ antigenic), Neurologic disease/ Pneumonia can
Encephalitis Virus fibrosis, lymphoid hyperplasia, and
Pol- Reverse transcriptase, occur with either form
type II pneumocyte hyperplasia
Env- surface glycoprotein,
receptro binding and entry-
neutralizing antibodies

P boydii: 5-8 um septate

Nasal mucosa: Rhinitis,
hypahe with 6-30 um terminal
eosinophilic and granulomatous,
6 21 OX Pseudiallescheria boydii conidia with a discrete outer
diffuse, severe, with numerous
wall, narrow or broad based
fungal conidia and few hyphae
budding

Lung: Bronchitis and bronchiolitis,
multifocal to coalescing with
22 Ox Dictyocaulus viviparous multifocal bronchiolitis obliterans,
adult and larval nematodes and
ova
Reinfection may lead to a
hypersensitivity reaction
resembling acute bovine
pulmonary edema/ Acute
respiratory distress syndrome
metastrongyle features: body cavity,
intestine lined by few MN cells,
microvilli, accessory hypodermal
chrods, coelomyarian musculature,
uteri with embryonated eggs

Small intestine: Enteritis,

Heterobilharzia granulomatous, submucosa,
23 Dog
americana circumferential, transumural with
myriad schistosome eggs
Small intestine: Villi: Necrosis,
Clostridium perfringens
24 Ox diffuse, with fibrin thrombi and
Type C
myriad mixed bacilli
Beta2 toxin- unrelated to Beta
toxin- enteric disease in swine and
typhlocolitis in horses
Liver: Hepatitis, granulomatous
and eosinophilic, random and
7 25 Mouse Schistosoma mansoni
portal with trematode eggs and
intravascular trematodes
Alpha toxin- Lecithinase
Beta Toxin- trypsin labile, pore forming
(phospholipase) that damages
toxin causing necrosis, decrease
cell membranes- erythrocytes,
dmobility of intestinal villi, and
platelets, leukocytes,
enhanced bacterial attachment to villi
endothelial cells
Epsilon Toxin: Prototoxin
Iota toxin: Increases capillary
activated by trypsin and
permeability (prototoxin)
causes necrosis
 Artery, pancreas, lymph nodes:
Arteritis and periarteritis, PAN- fibrinoid degeneration
rats- med size arteries in mesenetery
proliferative and necrotizingwith and thickening with
26 Rat Polyarteritis nodosa and pancreas and testes (SD
mineralization and thrombosis; mononuclear cells and few
spontaneous hypertensive rat strains)
exocrine atrophy, draining neutrophils, and thrombosis
hemorrhage
Hemangiosarcoma, Loss of P53--> No P21(G1 phase,
27 Mouse Heart, ventricle: Hemangiosarcoma CD31, CD34, VEGFR-2
lymphoma CyclinD/ CDk4)
mediastinum, thymus, LN, lung:
CD3, and TdT
lymphoma
Stage Cyclin-CDK complex Inhibitors
G1 Cyclin D/ cdk 4 P16INK4a & P21
G1--> S Cyclin E/ cdk 2 P27
S--> G2 --> M Cyclin A/ cdk 2
M Cyclin B/ cdk 1
Microsporidia- single cell, spore
Kidney: Nephritis, tubulointerstitial, can cause vasculitis with
forming, intracellular, coiled polar
Encephalitozoon necrotizing, chronic active, parasitism of the endothelium;
28 Rabbit filament, replication within a
cuniculi multifocal, moderate, with myriad Granulomatous nephritis and
cytoplasmic vacuole, no mitochondria,
microsporidia meningoencephalitis,
no peroxisomes,

common in C57BL6; diffuse

interstitial macrophages,
MNGC, eosinophils,
Lung: Adenocarcinoma, with
Eosinophilic crystalline lymphocytes, with cuffing; Very
intraalveolar histiocytosis,
Pneumonia; little crystals with localized
8 29 Mouse multifocal, moderate with abundant
bronchioalveolar macrophages infiltrates around
intracytoplasmic eosinophilic
adenocarcinoma a tumor; multifocal infiltrates
crystals
around bronchioles with large
rectangular crystals in airways
and minimal macrophages

Large T and Small T antigen

Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial, (in all Polyomaviruses;
lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal to Papovaviridae); Cynomolgus
coalescing, moderate with Polyoma virus is related to
30 Macaque Polyoma virus ddx: cytomegalovirus, adenovirus
multifocal tubular epithelial SV40 and causes renal
karyomegaly and rare intranuclear dysfunction and nephritis in
inclusion bodies immunosuppressed
Cynomolgus monkeys

lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,

histiocytic, neutrophilic, chronic
diffuse, moderate, with Type II
31 Macaque Pneumocystis carinii
pneumocyte hyperplasia,
multinucleate giant cells, and
myriad intraalveolar fungi
Impression smear, lung: Numerous epithelial cells, macrophages, and
vacuolated cytoplasms, few neutrophils, and myriad 3-5 um round
cysts containing punctate organisms (trophic bodies) on a blue
granular proteinaceous background
 Life cycle: Ingested sporozoites excyst in SI and invade epithelial
Small Intestine: Coccidial cells--> trophozoites form--> Asexual replication follows (shizogeny)
macrogametes, microgamonts, forming Schizonts containinf merozoites--> Schizonts rupture
32 Rabbit Eimeria magna
and oocysts, intraepithelial and releasing merozoites--> merozoites infect other epithelial cells, and
intraluminal replicate eventually forming sexual stages (male /microgamete;
female/ macrogamete) which unite to form oocysts

Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
pyogranulomatous and
Eucoleus (Capillaria) eosinophilic, multifocal, severe,
9 33 Fox
aerophilus with bronchiolar epithelial
inhabit the deeper bronchial
hyperplasia, aphasmids, and
eggs
Eucoleus is oviparous;
Oslerus (filaroides) osleri (nodules at
Crenosoma vulpis is
carina) , Dirofilaria, and
ovoviviparous and tends to
Angiostrongylus vasorum (both arterial
parasites)
tree

Myxoma/ Avian Avian Leukosis Sarcoma

Myxoma is composed of embryonal
34 chicken Leukosis Sarcoma Feathered skin: Myxoma Virus, subgroup A- replication
connective tissues
(Alpharetroviridae) deficient retroviruses

Retroviruses
Avialmammary
Mouse leukosis viruses, avian carcinoma viruses, avian sarcoma
tumor virus;
Alpharetrovirus Felineviruses,
leukemia virus, Feline virus, dusk spleen necrosus virus
Jaagsiekte Rous
(Ovine sarcoma
Pulmonary
Betaretrovirus Sarcoma virus, Porcine type C
Adenocarcinoma virus/
Gammaretrovirus virus,
Bovine Many
Enzooticleukemiamurine
nasal leukemia
virus,
tumor human
virus?)
Deltaretrovirus viruses, many
and simian
Walleye dermal Tmurine sarcoma
lymphotropic
sarcoma virus;
Epsilonretrovirus viruses hyperplasia
Walleye epidermal
HIV, SIV, Maedi/visna,
viruses CAE,
Lentivirus
FIV, EIA, BIV
Spumavirus Bovine, Feline, Simian, and human foamy viruses

Virulence factors: Fimbriae,

non-fimbrial outer membrane
Larynx: Laryngitis, proteins, hydroxamate
necrosuppurative, subacute, siderophores and binding dermonecrotic toxin- intracellular
Bordetella focally extensive, severe, with proteins that mobilize iron, bacterial toxin released upon bacterial
35 Squirrel Monkey
bronchiseptica multifocal muscle degeneration, Adenylate cyclase toxin/ lysis that inhibits the Na/K atpase
necrosis, hemorrhage, and hemolysin-> increase in cAMP pump and causes vasocconstriction.
ulceration inhibits respiratory burst and
prevents phagocytosis activity
on neutrophils

LPS- Pyrogenic and mitogenic,

causes macrophage Tracheal cytotoxin- stimulates nitric
Type III secretion products-
chemotaxis and activation, and oxide production and inteferes with
Inactivate transcription factor NFkB
induction of tumor necrosis mucociliary function
factor production

Bone, Maxilla: Compound
36 Rat Odontoma
odontoma
Complex Odontoma- Well
differentiated dentin, enamel, of odontogenic epithelium with
odontogenic epithelium and
cementum (horse/rodent)- they do odontogenesis forming tooth-
NOT form tooth-like structures
Ameloblastic Fibro-Odontoma-
Both dental epithelial tissues and
mesenchymal tissues (pulp),
that are associated with enamel
and dentin
Papillary serous
Ovary: Papillary serous
10 37 Macaque cystadenocarcinoma;
cystadenocarcinoma;
granulosa cell tumor
Ovary: granulosa cell tumor
Ovarian tumors
Sex-cord/stromal (gonadostromal
tumors)
Germ cell tumors
Epithelial tumors
Mesenchymal tumors
Transmissible venereal Kidney: Transmisible Venereal
38 Dog
tumor tumor, metastatic
Odontomas are tumors in which there is a combination of both
odontogenic epithelial components and dental matrix structures such
as dentin and enamel. The inductive theory of odontogenesis states
that the ameloblastic epithelium promotes the surrounding
mesenchymal cells to become odontoblasts. These osontoblasts
produce dentin, which is necessary for the ameloblasts to form
enamel.
Compound odontoma- Cords
Odontoameloblastoma- Contain areas
of ameloblastic epithelium that are
intermittent complete
separate from other areas of complex
or compound odontomas
like structures (denticles)
Neoplasms composed of only
Dentinoma- Odontoblasts
epithelium without hard tissue are
producing a calcified dentin
Ameloblastomas. Odontomas are
tissue with no enamel
categorized below
Granulosa cell tumor
Thecoma
Interstitial cell tumors
(luteoma, lipid cell tumor,
steroid cell tumor)
Dysgerminoma
Teratoma
Embryonal carcinoma
Papillary adenoma/
cystadenoma
Papillary adenocarcinoma
Rete adenoma
Hemangioma
Leiomyoma
Class I and II MHC antigens
are not expressed until the TVT expresses TGFB1 and IL-6 both
tumor regresses (Express of which suppress expression of MHC
Class II), and are infiltrated by molecules
T lymphocytes
 IHC supports histiocytic
lineage, may be hormone Histo: round to oval cells arranged in
dependent, benign in males, ribbons or palisades, large nulcei,
metastatic in females, 58 central, single nucleolus, faintly
chromosomes (compared to basophilic cytoplasm and vacuolated.
normal 76)

Endometriosis- Endometrial
glands or stroma explanted to
abnormal locations within andn
outside the uterus; Histo- Adenomyosis- endometrial stroma and
Ovary and uterus: endometriosis
39 Macaque Endometriosis Endometrial glands, or glands within the myometrium of the
with decidualized stromal cells
endometrial stroma, pigment uterine wall
containing histiocytes, fibrosis,
ceroid, lipofuscin, and
hemosiderin

Placenta: Placentitis, necrotizing, PCR and IHC positive for

40 Goat BVDV
multifocal, moderate BVDV
Cytopathic BVD < 100 D Fetal resorption or expulsion
Teratogenic- microencephaly,
cerebellar hypoplasia,
hydranencephaly, hydrocephalus,
100-150 D microophthalmia, thymic aplasia,
hypotrichosis, alopecia,
brachygnathism, growth retardation,
pulmonary hypoplasia
Non-cytopathic strain < 100-125 D PI calves
Normal immune response and clearing
> 150 days
of virus

Osteochondral metaplasia can

occur within any synovial lined
structure. Ectopic ossification
Joint capsule: Osteochondral
requires a vascular supply and
11 41 Dog Osteochondromatosis metaplasia (osteochondromatosis),
the presence of detached
diffuse
osseus bodies (joint mice)
implies previous attachment to
the synovial surface

Epiphysiolysis in pigs is a
manifestation of osteochondrosis- The
Feline physeal dysplasia is
growth plate has focal failure of
characterized by the
endochondral ossification which
observation of irregular
extends into the metaphysis. The
Dysplasia; physeal Femoral Head: Dysplasia and clusters of chondrocytes that
42 Cat chondrocytes retain normal alignment.
fracture fracture of physis are separated by abundant
This differs from the feline disease in
matrix on both the epiphyseal
that in cats the entire physis is
and metaphyseal side of the
affected and the chondrocytes are
physis
irregular clusters that have lost their
alignment

Bone, tibia, femur:
Osteochondrodysplasia, scorbutic
Vitamin C deficiency with lack of normal primary
43 Guinea pig
(Scurvey) spongiosa, osteopenia,
microfractures and subperiosteal
hemorrhage, guinea pig
Histo: Flattening of osteoblasts and
failure to lay down osteoid. A lattice of
vascularized calcified cartilage is
formed in the metaphysis and is not
replaced by bone. This scorbutic
lattice is susceptible to
Non-crosslinked collagen
microfractures. Vit C is required for
fibrils, leading to blood vessel
the differentiation of osteoblasts from
fragility and poor wound
progenitors. There is retention of
healing
cartilage cores and lack of ossification.
MArrow is replaced by collagen poor
mesenchyme, chondrocyte columns
become shortened, and the physis
becomes thin and uneven. The
periosetum becomes thickened.

Sub-periosteal radiating Woven bone- Immature, haphazard

Bone, radius, ulna: Hyperostosis, tabecular bone, covered by a fibers/ Lamellar bone- mature, parallel
44 Pig Hyperostosis (sub)periosteal, circumferential, thickened periosteum/ fibers/ Laminar- outer lamellar cortical
severe, landrace pig Osteoblasts are large and may bone lacking haversian systems in
by syncytia large animals
Skeletal muscle: Myositis, H americanum infects skeletal and
Vectors include Amblyomma
pyogranulomatous, multifocal, cardiac muscle, and can cause severe
Hepatozoon maculatum. Rhipicephalus
12 45 Dog moderate with fibrosis and periosteal bone proliferation of
americanum sanguineus is refractory to
intracellular protozoal cysts and proximal limbs (similar to hypertrophic
infection
zoites osteopathy)

Low grade malignancy, usually

metastasize by exfoliation and
implasntation. Histologic
presentations: Epithelioid
IHC- Vim, Cyt, S-100, HMB-45,
(papillary structures lined by
Negative for carcinoembryonic antigen
cuboidal basophilic mesothelial
CD15: EM shows long slender
Fibroadipose tissue, mesentery: cells), Sarcomatous (Spindle
46 Dog Mesothelioma branching and undulate microvilli on
Mesothelioma cells and large anisocytotic
apical surfaces while serous
cells with abundant
carcinomas have fewer variably
eosinophilic cytoplasm and
lengthened straight microvilli
distince cell margins), and
Biphasic(features of both
epithelioid and sarcomatous)
forms

Kidney, glomeruli, tubules and

47 Flamingo Visceral gout vessels: Amyloidosis, multifocal
marked
 Kidney: Nephritis, tubulointerstitial,
granulomatous, and heterophilic, Gout--> inflammation-->
multifocal, moderate, with protein amyloidosis
casts and urate tophi

Nasal Turbinates, maxillary bone,

Feline Infectious and hard palate with rhinitis,
48 Cat
Peritonitis (FIP) erosions, fibrin thrombi and bone
remodeling
Secondary to adrenal-
Cysts and squamous Prostate gland: Prostatic cysts, associated endocrinopathy,
13 49 Ferret
metaplasia multiple, ferret elevated LH--> increased
estrogen and progesterone

Prostate gland: Squamous

proliferation of basal cells with
metaplasia, multifocal, with
keratinization
prostatitis, and keratinizing cysts

latent in trigeminal ganglion,

Trachea: tracheitis, necrotizing, reexpressed under stressed.
Infectious subacute, diffuse, moderate, with Endemic forms have low ddx: Avian pox (diphtheritis), NDV, AI,
50 chicken Laryngotracheitis (ILT; epithelial syncytia, intranuclear morbidity and mortality, Infectious bronchitis, Fowl Adenovirus
GHV-1) inclusion bodies, and intraluminal epizootic forms have high and Aspergillosis
serocellular coagulum morbidity and moderate
mortality
Liver: Nodular regeneration, Phomopsin- mitotic arrest in
diffuse, with megalocytosis, biliary metaphase, inability to
51 Lamb Lupinosis ddx: pyrrolizidine alkaloids, aflatoxins
reduplication, and bridging portal regenerate, progressive
fibrosis fibrosis
Liver: Hepatitis, lymphocytic,
subacute, multifocal
Ovine Pulmonary Lung: Carcinoma with interstitial "pulmonary adenomatosis" type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia in
52 Sheep Adenocarcinoma pneumonia and lymphofollicular caused by Jaagsiekte sheep alveoli and clara cell hyperplasia in
(Jaagsiekte)- retrovirus hyperplasia retrovirus (JSRV) bronchioles
Liver: Venous dilatation, portal and
central, diffuse, with
Hepatic venous lymphangiectasia, mild arteriolar
Lobular dissecting hepatitis-
dilatation; biliary and biliary reduplication, dissecting
14 53 Dog form of cirrhosis- with
reduplication; sinusoidal fibrosis, sinusoidal ectasia and
secondary portal hypertension
capilarization capillarization, lobule atrophy,
centrilobular necrosis, and
lipogranulomas

Spinal cord, cervical and thoracic

segments: Myelitis,
Primary cell target is neurons--
54 Bobcat West Nile Virus lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal, mild
> apoptosis
with moderate axonal
degeneration
 X-linked recessive defect in
Skeletal muscle: Myocyte dystrophin gene--> membrane
hypertrophy, degeneration, associated cytoskeletal protein
X-linked Muscular hypertrophy is seen in cats, mice and
55 Dog necrosis, regeneration, and in heart and skeletal muscle.
Dystrophy the Rat terrier
mineralization, diffuse, severe, with Increased susceptibility to
fibrosis degeneration ane necrosis,
regeneration and fibrosis.

Extraintestinal pathogenic E
Lung: Pneumonia,
coli- pyometra, mastitis, otitis,
necrohemorrhagic, neutrophilic Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor-
56 Dog Necrotoxigenic E coli prostatitis, bacteremia, skin
and histiocytic, with fibrin, edema, Necrotoxic E coli.
disease, cholecystitis and
and bacilli
pneumonia

drugs also imnplicated in EM cause

;the pathogenesis of erythema
multiforme remains unknown. It
appears to represent the end result of
Sulfonamides, tetracyclines, a hypersensitivity reaction to a number
amoxicillin, and ampicillin most of infectious and other agents: viral,
commonly implicated. bacterial, protozoal, fungal, or
Haired skin: Epidermal necrosis,
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Eaton
Toxic Epidermal diffuse with subepidermal clefting,
15 57 Dog medications are also agent) infection; foods or drugs;
Necrosis dermatitis, dermal edema, and
implicated, and immunizations; and a variety of other
congestion
anticonvulsants, especially systemic diseases and physical
Tegretol and phenobarbital, agents. Whereas drug reactions and
are also reported. malignancies are important causes of
erythema multiforme in older persons,
infectious diseases are the most
common precipitants in children and
young adults.

Condition Location Characteristics

Lymphohistiocytic, perivascular, and
interface dermatitis with lymphocytic
< 10 body surface, at least 1
Em minor satellitosis (multilevel single cell death
mucosal surface
surrounded by lymphocytes or
macrophages)
10-50% body affected, > 1
High degree of epidermal
EM major mucosal surface, < 10%
inflammation, vesiculobullous lesions
epithelial detachment
50% body affected, 10-30% Severe epithelial necrosis with
Steven-Johnson Syndrome
epithelial detachment mucosal involvement
Full thickness epidermal cell death
Generalized > 30% epithelial
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with minimal inflammation except
detachment
when ulcerated
Haired skin and panniculus:
resembles Langerhans cell
Feline Progressive Atypical histiocytic proliferation,
histiocytosis and is divided into Resembles histiocytic sarcoma; IHC
58 Cat Dendritic Cell diffuse, severe with low numbers of
epitheliotropic and non- Cd18, Cd1, MHCII
Histiocytosis lymphocytes, plasma cells and
epitheliotropic.
mast cells.
 Nodules extend from
superficial dermis to the ddx: Melanomas (have more spindle
This one looks more
Starts with single nodule and subcutis. , top heavy cells, Cd45-, Cd18-, MITF-M+,
like Histiocytic
progresses to multiple nodules and configuration, large round to S100+), Xanthomas, Merckel cell
Sarcoma or
then to lymph node involvement polygonal histiocytic cells, and tumors (packeting, Cyt, NSE, Syn,
fibrosarcoma
multinucleated cells may be ChrA). Mast cell tumors (tryptase+),
present

Haired skin: Dermatitis and

Tissue cysts- 110um diameter
furunculosis, pyogranulomatous, Tachyzoites are 4-7um x 1.5-2 um and
with 1-4 um cyst wall- Brain
multifocal, moderate, with may be located within macrophages
59 Dog Neospora caninum Spinal Cord, rarely muscle,
neutrophilic folliculitis and keratinocytes, neutrophils, endothelial
with numerous 2 x 8 um
intraepithelial intrahistiocytic and cells and fibroblasts
bradyzooites
free protozoa
epitheliotropic Haired skin: Lymphoma,
60 Dog
lymphoma epitheliotrophic
Bone, skeletal muscle, fibrous
connective tissue, mandible:
Actinomyces bovis/ Pyogranulomas, multifocal to Actinomycetes- Non-acid fast,
16 61 Ox
Lumpy Jaw coalescing with Splendore-Hoeppli GM +,
and gram positive filamentous
bacteria

developing sporoblasts are

encased by a bilaminated cell
Kidney, tubules: Degeneration and
membrane composed of an
62 Horse Klossiella equi necrosis, multifocal, moderate, with coccidian parasite
overlying thin granular layer
cellular casts, and protozoa
and an underlying dense inner
layer
Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial
lymphoplasmacytic with
intratubular crystals

Melanocytes- neuroectodermal
cells, neoplasia linked to INK4
and Waf-21 genes --> reduced
Haired skin and subcutis: Chondroid or osteoid metaplasia. Vim
P53 and Rb function. Altered
63 Pig Melanoma Melanoma, Duroc-Hampshire +, Cyt --, S-100 +, Alpha-1 antitrypsin
expression of Cd44 and
crossbred --.
cadherin, and upregulation of
angiogenic and other growth
factors

Mucocutaneous junction: Chielitis, EM: 250 um 150 um particles,

proloiferative and necrotizing, oval to dumbell shaped core
64 Goat Parapoxvirus (Orf) focally extensive, severe with surrounded by a membrane,
intracytoplasmic eosinophilic lateral bodies, and a surface
inclusion bodies membrane
Liver: Hepatitis, granulomatous,
17 65 River Otter Microfilaria eosinophilic with hepatocellular probably D immitis or D lutae
degeneration and microfilaria
 EM: piriform to spherical
Esophagus: Esophagitis,
shapes, 4 anterior flagella,
necrotizing, histiocytic,
66 Mourning Dove Trichomonas gallinae undulating membrane,
heterophilic, transmural, multifocal,
axostyle, pelta surrounding the
severe, with protozoa
periflagellar canal
Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing, acute,
Yersinia random, multifocal to coalescing,
67 Beaver
pseudotuberculosis severe, with large colonies of
coccobacilli
Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous,
Mycobacterium The largest granuloma has
68 Giant Marine Toad multifocal, moderate with acid-fast with chromoblastomycosis
gordonae pigmented fungi/ yeast
bacill
Other lesions- suppurative
endocarditis, epicarditis, Hemoparasitism- Apicomplexa,
Magnificent Bird of Liver: Hemorrhage and necrosis,
18 69 Haemoproteus sp myocarditis, and occasional plasmodidae: Leukocytozoon,
Paradise multifocal with megaloschizonts
endarteritis, coelomitis, and Haemoproteus, and Plasmodium
airsacculitis
Haemoproteus- Schizogeny
Liver: Hepatitis, portal, (merogeny) within visceral
Gametocytes develop in circulating
lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal endothelial cells- form very
erythrocytes
moderate lare pale basophilic cysttic
structures (400um)

Leukocytozoon gametocytes also

anemia due to erythrocytic
Liver: Hemosiderosis found in leukocytes, Megaloschizonts
parasitism
are frequently present in tissues

After several cycles of invading

The sporozoites invade erythrocytes, some of the merozoites
In the erythrocyte, they
cells of the The shizonts produce thousands of transform into microgametocytes and
develop into trophozoites-->
Plasmodium reticuloendothelial merozoites, which are released macrogametocytes. These gametes
Then into Schizont --> reinfect
system --> Schizonts and infect erythrocytes. are ingested by a mosquito where they
erythrocytes
(liver, kidney, lungs) further develop and fuse forming
oocysts that develop into sporozoites.

Trophozoites in the Reticuloendothelial hyperplasia,

peripheral blood and lymphocytic infiltration, and often high
Malarial pigment in the erythrocyte Gametocytes occupy less than
Histo gametocytes or numbers of macrophages containing
from digestion of hemoglobin 50% of the host cell cytoplasm
schizonts in blood cells malarial pigment in the lung, liver,
other than erythrocytes. kidney and spleen

schizogony in liver or entry into

second generation develops in
nsect bites bird > circulating erythrocytes or leukocytes
Schizonts develop in liver > liver and phagocytic cells
sporozoites in salivary > development into microgamonts or
Leucocytozoon release of thousands of merozoites throughout body > become
gland of insect enter macrogametes > insect feeds on bird
(1 um) megaloschizonts (100-200
bloodstream > sexual maturation, fertilization, and
um)
sporogony take place in insect
 Intracellular round-to-
elongate gametocyte,
that causes the host cell Megaloschizonts and schizonts in Usually minimal host
(usually immature various organs, including liver, response; sometimes
Histo erythrocytes) to enlarge brain, heart, spleen, kidney, associated with
and appear to have two gizzard, and occasionally feather lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates
nuclei (marginalized pulp and multifocal necrosis
host nucleus and
parasite nucleus)

Schizogeny (merogeny)
within visceral
endothelial cells- form Gametocytes develop in circulating
Haemoproteus
very lare pale basophilic erythrocytes
cysttic structures
(400um)

within erythrocytes, the

gametocyte contains
yellow to brown Other lesions- suppurative
refractile spicules. The endocarditis, epicarditis,
Histo gametocyte occupies myocarditis, and occasional
over 50% of the of the endarteritis, coelomitis, and
red cell cytoplasm, that airsacculitis
partially encircles the
nucleus.

and undergo asexual division

 Atoxoplasma enters the blood (MEROGENY- FORMING
The resulting merozoites form
sporocysts stream via the vasculature of the MEROZOITES, Schizonts are
microgametes and macrogametes.
of Isospora and Atoxopl small not appreciable) in
Atoxoplasma Gametogony, the sexual stage of the
asma invade intestinal intestine. Atoxoplasma sporocysts circulating and tissue
coccidian life cycle, occurs in intestinal
epithelial cells.  subsequently invade mononuclear lymphocytes, monocytes, and
epithelial cells
leukocytes macrophages, as well as in
intestinal epithelial cells
 Cytologic and histologic specimens
reveal granulomatous to
Characteristic lymphohistiocytic inflammation of the
sporozoite in the heart, spleen, intestine, and
At necropsy, infected birds
mononuclear leukocyte liver.5,11 Macrophages may contain
have hepatomegaly and
cytoplasm. It is pale- Identification of atoxoplasma atoxoplasma merozoites. This form of
splenomegaly. Small, white
staining, round-to-oval oocysts is notoriously difficult the organism is round to oval, 3-5 m m
Histo foci are visible grossly on the
intracytoplasmic because of structural similarity to diameter, cytoplasmic inclusion that
liver and heart.5,9 The
inclusion that those of Isospora sp. causes indentation of the host cell
intestines may be distended
compresses the host nucleus, giving infected cells a
and have translucent walls.7 
cell nucleus into a characteristic appearance. Monocytes
crescent shape. and lymphocytes containing
merozoites may be seen within blood
vessels on histologic sections.

Brain, telencephalon: Encephalitis, Brain, spinal cord and retina are

Viral encephalopathy and
histiocytic, multifocal, moderate, primary targets, causing vacuolation
retinopathy (VER), also known
70 Atlantic Cod Nodavirus with necrosis, neuronal and neuronal degeneration0 also seen
as viral nervous necrosis
vacuolation, and spongioform in gills and heart- necrosis and
(VNN)- beta-nodavirus
change lymphocytes and mononuclear cells

Intestinal Small intestine, mesentery:

71 Alpaca
adenocarcinoma Carcinoma, anaplastic

Small intestine: Enteritis,

necrotizing, acute, diffuse, severe
withfibrin, hemorrhage, edema,
and vasculitis, and fibrin thrombi

Cloacal papillomatosis; Internal Papillomatosis of Herpesvirus inclusions identified as

bile duct carcinoma Liver: Bile duct carcinoma, scarlet Parrots (IPP) - progressive Psittacid herpesvirus-2. DDX:
72 Scarlet McCaw
(Alphaherpesvirus macaw development of tumors in the Papillomavirus, chronic inflammation,
associated) oral and cloacal mucosa. vitamin A deficiency

ddx: Mycoplasma felis,

Heart, epicardium: epicarditis,
streptococcal polyarthritis with
19 73 Horse Actinobacillus spp fibrinous, chronic active, diffuse,
pericarditis, and mare
severe, with granulation tissue
reproductive loss syndrome
Kidney, corticomedullary junction
and medulla: Nephritis,
tubulointerstitial, acute, multifocal,
74 Cat Melamine toxicosis
mild with tubular necrosis and
degeneration and numerous
intratubular crystals

GCT- lower trachea and thought to be neuroectodermal origin,

bronchi, peri- and PAS positive cytoplasmic granules,
75 Horse Granular cell tumor Lung: Granular cell tumor endobronchial tumors. Slow diastase resistant (secondary
growing benign neoplasms, lysosomes, or phagosomes (myelin
resulting in airway obstruction figures)
 eyes beak nares, vent, feet, (Dry
form)/ Fibrinous to caseous mucosal
Cutaneous form (dry pox),
Skin: Epithelium: Intracytoplasmic lesions on tongue, pharynx, and larynx
76 rosy finch Avian Poxvirus Diphtheroid form (Wet pox),
inclusions with mature virions (wet): DDX for wet form Vit A
and septicemic form
deficiency, ILT, Trichomonas gallinae,
Capillaria, and Candida albicans

Primary or Secondary
Disease- due to cholelithiasis,
Liver: cholangiohepatitis, chronic- duodenal inflammation, Suppurative cholangiohepatitis- most
active, diffuse, severe, with bile intestinal obstruction, common with cholelithiasis (ascending
20 77 Horse Cholangiohepatitis
duct hyperplasia with bridging neoplasia, parasitism, and infections)- E coli, Salmonella,
fibrosis and cholestasis certain toxins, such as Aeomonas, Citrobacter
pyrrolizidine, alkaloid and
alsike clover

78 Tamarin Pheochromocytoma Adrenal gland: Pheochromocytoma most often non-funtional

Urinary bladder: Cystitis,

necrohemorrhagic, transmural, Human- C diphtheriae/ Bovine- sheep- ulcerative posthitis- C renale,
79 Macaque Corynebacterium
diffuse, severe, with fibrin, edema, C renale and cystiditis Rhodococcus equi, C hofmanni
and large colonies of bacilli

Typical - pustules- face,

Glabrous skin: Dermatitis,
hands, feet, mucous other orthopoxvirus- variola
Monkeypox virus vesiculopustular, focally extensive,
80 Macaque membranes, pharynx, larynx, (smallpox), vaccinia (smalpox
(orthopox) marked, with acanthosis, and
trachea, lung, spleen, lymph vaccine), cowpox
balooning degeneration
nodes
Haired skin: Dermatitis,
necroulcerative, neutrophilic and
ddx: Herpes simplex type 1 and 2
eosinophilic, focally extensive with
balooning degeneration
Tongue: Glossitis, necroulcerative,
neutrohilic and eosinophilic,
multifocal, marked, with balooning
degeneration and intralesional
cocci
Lung, artery: Pulmonary
arteriopathy characterized by
Mean pulmonary arterial secondary - increased left atrial
subintimal and medial hypertrophy,
21 81 Dog Pulmonary hypertensive arteriopathy pressure > 25 mmHg (rest), pressure or increased pulmonary
intimal fibrosis, and cellular
and >30 mmHg (Active) vascular resistance
thickening, plexiform lesions, and
arteritis
 Plexiform lesion= transmural
destruction that is repaired by
granulation tissue / n plexogenic
angiopathy, the parent muscular
artery shows medial and intimal
Hearworm, Chronic thickening. The plexiform lesion
respiratory disease, develops at a branch point (arrow)
thromboembolism, probably as a result of shear
vascular remodeling stress. Damage results in
transmural destruction that is
repaired by granulation tissue
(=plexiform lesion). An elastic
tissue stain would show loss of
one or both of the elastic layers.
Pulmonary arteriopathy- constrictive
and complex, obstructive, and
Dilation lesion: This plexiform
proliferative vascular lesions in pre-
lesion (center) is surrounded
and intra-acinar pulmonary arteries-->
by a number of dilated, empty
right sided heart failure/ Histologic
vascular channels (arrows) of
lesions- concentric intimal cellular
the post-plexiform dilation
proliferation and fibrosis, non-specific
lesion.
medial hypertrophy, muscularization,
fibrinoid degeneration and arteritis

Meninges, spinal nerve root:

Choroid plexus
82 Dog Metastatic choroid plexus Ependymoma Choroid Plexus Papilloma
carcinoma
carcinoma
Cytokeratin Usually Negative Positive
vimentin Positive Positive
GFAP Positive Usually Negative, but rarely positive

Esophagus: Myositis,
Idiopathic/presumed Immune Secondary- Neospora, Toxoplasma,
lymphoplamacytic, histiocytic,
mediate- Polymyositis, Hepatozoon, clostridium chauvoei,
subacute to chronic, diffuse,
83 Dog Polymyositis Masticatory Myositis, ehrlichia canis, paraneoplastic
moderate with muscle
Extraocular myositis, diseases (thymoma), Drug induced
degeneration, necrosis, and
dermatomyositis myopathies, SLE
regeneration
calcitonin +/ Cell tumors in
C-cell parafollicular Fibrovascular tissue, ventral neck:
84 Dog Bulls part of Multiple Endocrine MEN- Neural crest origiin
carcinoma C-cell (parafollicular) carcinoma
Neoplasia
Brain, cerebrum and cerebellum:
Also can have hemorrhagic
Meningoencephalitis,
22 85 Dog Prototheca sp colitis in dogs, and mastitis in
granulomatous, multifocal,
cows
moderate with algae

Brain, cerebrum: Vasculitis and

meningoencepahlitis, necrotizing,
subacute, multifocal, marked, with
86 Deer Aspergillus flavus
hemorrhage, edema, fibrin, thrombi
with cortical coagulative necrosis
and hyphae

Swollen neurons, cytoplasmic

GM2- defect in the alpha- vacuoles consisting of lysosomes
Brain, cerebrum, neurons and glia:
subunit, Beta-subunit, or the distended with accumulated
87 Kitten GM2 gangliosidosis Cytoplasmic vacuoles, diffuse,
GM2 activator of gangliosides, Oli Red O and Sudan
moderate
hexosaminidase Black may be positive, EM shows
onion skin whorls
 Brainstem: Encephalitis,
Primary Amoebic Encephalitis
necrotizing, subacute, multifocal,
88 Ox Naegleria fowleri (PAM) is the name for human
moderate with hemorrhage and
infection with Naegleria fowlerii
amoebic trophozoites

Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing, acute,

Clostridium piliforme random, severe, with fibrin,
23 89 Sugar Glider
(Tyzzer's Disease) hemorrhage, and hepatocellular
intracytoplasmic bacilli

Type III secretory Apparatus:

Enteroinvasive E coli, Shigella,
Colon: Colitis, fibrinonecrotic, yersinia enterocolitica or
Salmonella, Yersinia
90 Macaque Shigella flexneri type IV subacute, diffuse, severe with pseudotuberculosis (Spleen, or
enterocolitica, Chlamydia,
edema and pseudomembrane enteritis)
Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas,
Ralstonia, Erwinia

Liver: Hepatocyte degeneration

Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis,
and necrosis, single cell, random,
91 Taita falcon Falcon Adenovirus and splenitis, with intranuclear
moderate with basophliic
inclusions
intranuclear inclusion bodies

Liver: Hepatitis, portal,

ddx: Herpesvirus hepatitis, and
lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal,
Adenovirus hepatitis
moderate

Non-contagious/ Central 200-

400 um / or 20-40 um
adiaspore, with thick capsule
Lung: Pneumonia, with pyogranulomatous ddx: Coccidioides immitis,
Chrysosporium parvum
92 Ground Squirrel pyogranulomatous, multifocal, inflammation. The center of the Rhinosporidium seeberi (mucicarmine
(adiaspiromycosis)
moderate, with fungal conidia adiospore contains positive)
amphophilic to
basophilicglobules, no budding
or endosporulation
 Differential diagnosis includes other fungi of
similar size and morphology, such as
Coccidioides immitis and Rhinosporidium
seeberi. Morphologically, C. parvum (20-
70μm) has a thick capsule while C.
immitis (1–2μm) and R. seeberi (3–5μm)
have relatively thin capsules.4 The
presence of endospores occurs with
C.immitis and R. seeberi, but not C.
parvum.4 C. parvum infection does not
produce hyphae, unlike C. immitis.4
Histochemically, the capsules of all three
stain with PAS and GMS.4 The capsule
of R. seeberi also stains with mucicarmine,
unlike the other two.4
Massive sto submassive
24 93 Dog
hepatic necrosis
Kidney: degeneration and
necrosis, tubular, acute, multifocal,
94 Dog Myoglobinuric nephrosis
moderate with orange-red brown
Ganglioneuromatosis
95 Dog
with intussusception
proliferative, fibrinous, neutrohilic
Ligneous conjunctivitis
and lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal,
96 Dog (plasminogen
deficiency)
acantholysis, granulation tissue
Infection
occurs when the conidia (spores)
are inhaled.1 The
name, adiaspore, refers to a spore
that grows in size without
replicating in tissues. The
inhaled conidia simply enlarge in
the lung tissue and are
eventually removed by the immune
system; thus, the disease
is not contagious. 1,4 The most
susceptible animals
are those that live in close contact
with soil
Liver: Hepatocellular necrosis,
acute, submassive to massive,
diffuse, with hemorrhage and
canalicular cholestasis
casts
kidney: Anisotropic green brown
crystals, intratubular
Cecum: Ganglioneuromatosis with
intussusception
Esophagus: Esophagitis,
marked with ulceration,
and subepithelial fibrin
The adiaspores
are round, up to 250 μm in
diameter with a 20-30 μm
thick refractile non-staining cell
wall (Fig. 4-2). The which appear grossly as
center contains amophophilic gray white nodules in the lungs. The
globular material. The cell lung is the only
wall stains dark purple with the organ known to be infected.
Periodic Acid-Schiff
(PAS) stain (fig. 4-3) and black
with Grocott’s
Methenamine Silver (GMS)
acute tubular necrosis-->
vasoconstriction, lipid
peroxidation, acidification of
urine
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (Men
Hyperplastic proliferation of 2B in humans)- medullary thyroid
ganglion cells, nerve fibers, carcinomas (C-cell/parafollicular),
and supporting cells/ Not pheochromocytoma, multiple mucosal
associated with MEN as in neuromas, gastrointestinal
humans ganglioneuromatosis, corneal
thickening and skeletal abnormalities
Pathogenesis: coagulation of
fibrin following minor
mechanical injury. The fibrin is
not removed in individuals with conjunctival and mucous memebrane
plasminogen deficiecny, and lesions;
granulation tissue is not
remodeled, and wound healing
is arrested
 gills: 2 sets of 4 holobranchs
on eithe side of the pharynx.
Gill: Branchitis, lymphocytic and
Holobrach = 2 hemibranchs Cells on primary and secondary
granulocytic, multifocal with
that project from the posterior lamella are melanocytes, lymphocytes,
25 97 Discus fish Dactylogyrus sp blunting, fusion, and loss of
edge of the branchial arch. macrophages, endothelial cells,
lamellae, mild epithelial
Hemibranchs contain mucous cells, and chloride cells
hyperplaisa and adult trematodes
numerous primary lamellae
and secondary lamella

Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous

Granulomatous and
98 Rat and eosinophilic, multifocal, Model for asthma
eosinophilic pneumonia
mdoerate
Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
membranoproliferative, glpobal,
diffuse, severe, with multifocal
Glomerulonephritis from
tubular degeneration and necrosis, Plasmodium- intracellular protozoan
99 Owl Monkey Plasmodium sp malaria, intersittial nephritis as
suppurative tubulitis, tubular parasites
underlying disease
ectasia, and proteinosis, and
lymphoplasmacytic interstitial
nephritis

Haired skin and oral mucosa:

Dermatitis and stomatitis,
Simian varicella virus necroulcerative, neutrophilic, and
Closely resembles Varicella Mild to severe lesions with pneumonia,
100 Macaque (SVV)- lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal,
Zoster (chicken pox) hepatitis, and death
Alphaherpesvirus marked with vesiculopustules,
epithelial dyscohesion, syncytia,
and intranuclear inclusion bodies
 Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx notes notes/DDX
2006-2007
Eye: Uveitis, pyogranulomatous,
Blastomyces
1 1 Cat multifocal, with retinitis, retinal
dermatitidis
detachment, and yeasts
Murine coronavirus Liver: Necrosis, multifocal to
2 Mouse
(mouse hepatitis virus) coalescing, with syncytia
Ileum: Ileitis, diffuse with myriad
3 Pig Eimeria sp
coccidia

Histo: Syncytial masses of

Endometrium: Fibrosis,
hemorrhage, and subacute
4 Dog Placental site involution
inflammation with trophoblast-like
cells
trophoblast-like cells with
abundant vacuolated,
eosinophilic cytoplasm often
surroundeing vessels/ A
plaque protrudes into the
lumen composed of
eosinophilic necrotic debris,
fibrin and regenerating
endometrium

Granulomatous Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous,

pneumonia/ multifocal with hemorrhage and
2 5 Goat
Corynebacterium lymphoplasmacytic peribronchiolar
pseudotuberculosis inflammation

Liver: Hepatocellular degeneration

European Brown Hare related to Rabbit Hemorrhagic
6 Hare and necrosis, periportal, diffuse
Syndrome (calicivirus) Disease Virus
with hemorrhage

rumen: Rumenitis, proliferative,

and necrotizing, multifocal,
Parapoxvirus
7 Goat moderate with epithelial balooning
(Contagious ecthyma)
degeneration and intracytoplasmic
inclusions
H5N1 Avian Influenza
8 Cat virus (Type A Liver: Necrosis, random, multifocal
Orthomyxovirus)

Small intestine: enteritis,

Mycobacterium avium
3 9 Sheep granulomatous, chronic, multifocal
paratuberculosis
with lymphangitis and edema

Lymph node: Lymphadenitis,

granulomatous, chronic, multifocal
 Fibrinous exudate distends
urinary space, tubules
distended by sero-hemorrhagic
fluid and proteinaceous casts.
Kidney: glomerulonephritis, Sparse focal lymphocytes in
necrotizing with hemorrhage and the interstitium. Infrequent
Porcine dermatitis and proteinaceous casts, glomerular arcuate and interlobular
10 Pig
nephropathy syndrome fibrin thrombi and neutrophilic arterioles have fibrinoid
tubulitis, tubular degeneration, degeneration of the media
necrosis, and regeneration accompanied by endothelial
cell necrosis, thrombosis and
leukocyte infiltration of the
vessel wall and perivascular
tissue

Spleen: Vasculitis, necrotizing,

Type III hypersensitivity or
diffuse with lymphoid depletion and
Cytotoxic T cell response
moderate granulomatous splenitis

Necrohemorrhagic
colon: colitis, necrotizing, diffuse,
11 Whitetail deer colitis (Clostridium
with hemorrhage
perfringesn type A)

Mammary gland: Mastitis,

12 Ox Prototheca zopfii granulomatous and eosinophilic,
chronic, diffuse with myriad algae

Skeletal muscle: degeneration and

necrosis, multifocal to coalescing,
Capture myopathy; severe with histiocytic
4 13 Mule deer
sarcocystis inflammation, satellite cell
proliferation and interstitial
hemorrhage

Aspergillus funigatus; Lung: Granulomaa, multifocal and

14 Elk
Hyperostosis coalescing with myriad hyphae

Hypertrophic osteopathy in Dog:

periostium is markedly
Endocarditis, Dirofilaria,
thickened by parallel and
Rhabdomyosarcoma of urinary
Bone: Hyperostosis, periosteal, perpendicularly oriented
bladder, Esophageal granulomas and
diffuse trabeculae of immature bone
spirocerca lupi, Hepatozoon
with abundant osteoblastic
americanum, intrathoracic neoplasia
activity
or inflammation
 Haired skin: Atypical mesenchymal
proliferation, dermal, focally
extensive with epithelial balooning
Leporipoxvirus (hare
15 hare degeneration, epithelial and
fibroma)
mesenchymal eosinophilic
cytoplasmic inclusions (hare
fibroma)

Escherichia coli O type Lung: Bronchopneumonia,

16 Dog
6 necrotizing with myriad bacteria
Antimitotic effect, continued
Liver: Hepatocellular degeneration
Senecio: Acute: Necrosis; nucleoprotein synthesis leads to large
and necrosis, multifocal, random
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid Chronic- Fibrosis and nucleus and cytoplasm/ Liver damage
5 17 Sheep with megalocytosis and nodular
toxicosis megalocytosis/ Chronic copper may lead to hepatogenous
regeneration and chronic portal
intoxication photosensitization (impaired excretion
hepatitis with biliary hyperplasia
of phylloerythrin)
Lung: Bone marrow and
Bone marrow and
18 Rabbit fibrocartilaginous emboli, F344 rats
fibrocartilaginous emboli
numerous
Liver, spleen: Large granular
19 rat LGL; histiocytic sarcoma
lymphocytic leukemia
Liver, veins: Histiocytic sarcoma

Liver: Hepatocellular degeneration

and necrosis, multifocal, random
with biliary hyperplasia

Spinal cord and meninges:

Vasculitis, necrotizing, multifocal
Juvenile Polyarteritis
20 Dog marked with neutrophilic and
Syndrome
histiocytic meningitis and severe
meningeal hemorrhage

Liver: Hepatocellular
6 21 Bison hepatic lipidosis microvesicular change, lipid-type,
diffuse, severe
22 Dog chondrosarcoma Lung: Chondrosarcoma
Lung, vessels: Intrahistiocytic
23 Cat Cytauxzoon felis schizonts, myriad with diffuse
hemorrhage and edema
Spleen, vessels and red-pulp:
Intrahistiocytic schizonts
spleen, white pulp: Lymphoid
depletion
Large muscular artery:
24 Dog Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis, chronic, multifocal Hypothyroidism
with thrrombosis
 Ulceration and dense mats of
invasive spirochetes:
Glabrous skin: epidermal Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis,
hyperplasia, papillated, diffuse, epidermal acanthotic Compare: Interdigital necrobacillosis
Papillomatous digital
marked with orthokeratotic and hyperplaisa, ulceration of tips (footrot)- deep fissures, caseous
7 25 Ox dermatitis (foot warts,
parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, of dermal papillae, colonization necrosis of dermis with exudative
hairy heel warts)
superficial necrosis, chronic active of the stratum corneum and cellulitis
dermatitis and intracorneal bacteria invasion of the stratum
spinosum and dermal papillaw
by spirchetes

Echinococcus Lung: hydatid cyst with mild

26 Goat
granulosus interstitial fibrosis
Footpad: Epidermal hyperplasia
with orthokeratotic and
Canine Morbillivirus parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, rare
27 Dog
(canine distemper virus) syncytia and numerous epithelial
eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
inclusions
Pituitary gland, pars distalis:
28 Horse Pituitary Adenoma
adenoma

Histo- chitinized cuticle, jointed

appendages, striated musculature,
Lung: Bronchiolitis, granulomatous
Gross- 1-7 mm diameter body cavity, digestive tract, and
and eosinophilic, multifocal with
yellow or gray cystic foci (mite reproductive structures, golden brown
8 29 Macaque Pneumonyssus simicola bronchiolectasis and abundant
houses) throughout the refractile mite pigment, granulomatous
anisotropic yellow-brown mite
parenchyma bronchiolitis, alveolar emphysema,
pigment and adult mites
bronchiolar smooth muscle
hyperplasia, and interstitial fibrosis.

Nasal Passage Lung

Metastrongylus sp- bronchi,
Oestrus ovis Sheep swine
bronchioles
Linguatula serrata Protostrongylus rufescens-
dogs sheep, goats
(pentastome) bronchioles
Pneumonyssus
caninum doga Muellerius capillaris- alveoli sheep, goats
(arthropod)
Anatrichosoma sp
Nonhuman primates Filaroides osleri- trachea, bronchi dogs
(nematode)
Halicephalobus
Filaroides milksi/hirthi- bronchi,
deletrix horses dogs
bronchioles, alveoli
(nematode)
Syngamus
laryngeus cat, cattle Capillaria aeophila- trachea birds
(nematode)
Cephenemyia sp
Wild Cervids Syngamus trachea birds
(Arthropod)
Rhinophagia sp Angiostrongylus vasorum
Old World Monkeys dogs, foxes
(Arthropod) (pulmonary arteries)
 Angiostrongylus cantonensis
rats
(pulmonary arteries and capillaries)

Dictyocaulus filaria (bronchi,

sheep, goats
bronchioles)
Dictyocaulus viviparous cattle
Dictyocaulus arnfeldi horses, donkeys
Aleurostrongylus abstrusus
cats
(bronchioles, alveolar ducts)
Otostrongylus circumlitis (bronchi,
pinnipeds
bronchioles)
Parafilaroides decorus (bronchi,
pinnipeds
bronchioles)

Skeletal muscle: Myositis,

pyogranulomatous, diffuse,
marked with myocyte ddx: Neospora, Toxoplasma,
30 Dog Toxoplasma
degeneration, necrosis, Sarcocystis canis
regeneration, and numerous
protozoal cysts

Brain, cerebrum: ventriculitis, and

periventriculitis, granulomatous,
31 Cat Feline Coronavirus FIP
diffuse, moderate with lymphocytic
perivasculitis

Bovine Coronavirus
Gastroenteritis
(winter dysentery)
Canine coronavirus Enteritis
Peritonitis, pneumonia,
meningoencephalitis,
Feline Coronavirus FIP
panophthalmitis, granulomatous
vasculitis
Feline enteric
Diarrhea in kittens
coronavirus
Mouse hepatitis virus Hepatic necrosis, enteritis,
(MHV) encephalomyelitis, syncytia
Porcine transmissible
gastroenteritis
gastroenteritis (TGE)

Porcine
Vomiting wasting, and
Hemagglutinating
encephalomyelitis
encephalomyelitis virus

Rat coronavirus Rhinitis, tracheitis, pneumonitis

Rat sialodacryoadenitis Sialodacryoadenitis, porphyrin,
virus squamous metaplasia or ducts

Avian infectious
Tracheobronchitis, nephritis
bronchitis
Bluecomb (turkeys) Enteritis, myocarditis
Rabbit coronavirus Enteritis, myocarditis
 SARS virus Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Epizootic catarrhal profuse green mucoid diarrhea in
enteritis adults
Ferret FIP like dz coronavirus

Small Intestine, lamina propria:

Amyloidosis, diffuse, marked, with
32 Macaque Amyloidosis
moderate villar blunting and fusion
and lmyphangiectasia

Sandfly- promastigote/ amastigotes

Head, multiple cross sections:
dermatitis and panniculitis,
histiocytic and neutrophilic,
9 33 Mouse leishmania amazonensis
chronic, diffuse, severe with mild but can occasionally be found
rhinitis and myriad intrahistiocytic
protozoal amastigotes
cutaneous, mucocutaneous
and visceral. Amastigotes are
identified within macrophages
within other leukocytes,
endothelial cells or fibroblasts
multiply intracellularly in host
macrophages: Promastigotes released
into the host dermis are phagocytosed
by macrophages--> acidity induces
transformation into amastigotes.
Amastigotes have a proton
transporting ATPase--> parasite
multiplication cause rupture of
macrophages

M. capricolum ssp
capripneumoniae--> thorax, M. mycoides ssp mycoides LC type
Lung: Bronchopneumonia, chronic-
Mycoplasma mycoides only pleuropneumonia causes pleuropneumonia and
34 Goat active, multifocal, moderate with
mycoides LC type (intersittial edema and septicemia, mastitis, keratitis, arthritis,
marked fibrinous pleuritis
pulmonary sequestra are not or genital lesions
prominent features)

Mycoplasma species
Mycoplasma bovis Mastitis, arthritis, pneumonia cattle
contagious Bovine
M. mycoides mycoides SC type Cattle
Pleuropneumonia
Pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis,
M. mycoides mycoides LC type goats, sheep
septicemia
Mycoplasma capricolum ssp contagious caprine
goats
capripnuemoniae pleuropneumonia

Mastitis (contagious agalactia),

Mycoplasma agalactiae Goats sheep
arthritis, pneumonia

Mycoplasma capricolum ssp Septicemia, mastitis,

Goats, sheep
capricolum polyarthritis, pneumonia

Septicemia, pleuropneumonia,
Mycoplasma mycoides ssp capri goats
arthritis, mastitis

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Enzootic pneumonia of swine pigs

Pneumonia, arthritis,
Mycoplasma hyorhinis pigs
polyserositis
Mycoplasma hyosynoviae Polyarthritis pigs
 Spleen: Splenitis, necrotizing,
acute, multifocal to coalescing,
35 cat Francisella tularensis
severe, lymphoid depletion and
fibrin thrombi
F. tularensis ssp tularensis -
F tularensis ssp holarctica - type B
Type A

Guinea Pigs: discoidal,

labyrinthine, hemochorial
placenta. A separate
subplacenta (specialized
Nonspecific endometritis is common in
Metritis with retained Uterus: Metritis, subacute, diffuse, segment of the chorioallantoic
the postpartum uterus- abnormal
placenta; Proteus mild with hemorrhage, congestion, placenta- source of trophoblast
36 Guinea pig deliveries, abortion, retained placenta,
mirabilis, Citrobacter edema, colonies of bacilli, and invasion into endometrium)
dystocia, twinning, and traumatic
freundii, and E coli retained placenta and yolk sac placenta
injurites
(selective absorption and
transfer of meternal
immunoglobulins for fetal
immunoprotection)

Destroys bone as expands

and is always surrounded by a
ri mof bone; 2 cell types-
mononuclear stromal cells with
Vertebra, coccygeal: Giant cell histiocytic or fibrous
10 37 Cat Giant cell tumor of bone ddx: Giant cell type osteosarcoma
tumor of bone appearance; Multinucleate
cells resemble osteoclasts;
Giant cells are scattered
uniformly and nuclei resemble
mononuclear cells

Long bone: Osteopenia, diffuse, Type 1 collagen- bone

Osteogenesis
38 Dog marked with failure to develop fractures, joint laxity, defective
imperfecta
secondary spongiosa dentin, scleral thining

Cell type: Osteoblastic (anaplastic

osteoblasts and plump to spindle
Matrix: Simple (osteoid and
shaped osteogenic precursor cells
bone); Compound (Osteoid,
Chondroblastic Bone, skull: Osteosarcoma, with angular borders, eccentric
39 Dog bone and cartilage);
osteosarcoma chondroblastic hyperchromatic nuclei; Chondroblastic
Pleomorphic (anaplastic with
(neoplastic bone and cartilage);
small islands of osteoid)
fibroblastic (spindle cell population
resembles fibrosarcoma)

Histo: Lobules- 1) basophilic matrical

cells, located at the periphery, 2)
Bone, vertebral body: Malignant Epithelial to mesenchymal
40 Dog Malignant pilomatricoma Necrotic keratinized ghost cells
pilomatricoma, metastatic transitions (TGF-B)
centrally. In the malignant tumor basal
cells are invasive into adjacent stroma

Skeletal metastasis: Most
common sites are axial
skeleton and proximal ong
bones
Factors in bone metastasis: Blood
flow- vertebral columns, ribs, proximal
long bones. Bones store growth
regulatory factors (TGF-b), BMP,
PDGF, Monocyte chemoatrrractant
protein 1, stromal cell derived factor-1

T cell origin/ CD 3, usually

CD8 + with beta-1 and 2
integrins/// Tropism for the
epidermal mucosal epithelium
and adnexa. Intra-epithelial
Presentation: pruritic erythema and
neoplastic lymphocytes are
Epitheliotropic Eye, limbus: Epitheliotropic scaling, mucocutaneous ulceration,
11 41 dog either diffusely distributed
lymphoma lymhphoma with keratitis solitary or multiple plaques, infiltrative
within the epithelium or form
or ulcerative mucosal disease
discrete aggregates (Pautriers
microabscesses). Infiltration of
apocrine glands, nuclei can
have cerebriform morphology
(mycosis cell)

White granular proliferative

Eye: Keratitis, eosinophilic and
lymphoplasmacytic with edema
42 Cat Eosinophilic keratitis
and superficial eosinophilic
coagula
lesion extending inwardly
Superficial corneal stroma infiltrated
along corneal surface from the
by eosinophils, plasma cells, mast
medial or lateral limbus. Can
cells, macrophages
extend to conjunctiva and third
eyelid. Unilateral or bilateral

damage to endothelial cells

Eye, retina and uvea: vascular
fibrinoid change, multifocal with
Hypertensive fibrin, hemorrhage, and edema,
43 Cat
retinopathy mild lymphoplasmacytic uveitis,
retinal atrophy, and preiridial
fibrovascular membrane
leading to arteriolar dilatation, Hypertension leads to multifocal retinal
discontinuity of the endothelial necrosis which involves the outer
layer, increased permeability retinal layers including the RPE. GFAP
and insudation of plasma shows increased numbers of Muellers
proteins into the vascular wall, cells in the ganglion layer and inner
medial hypertrophy with and outer limiting memebranes
adventitial fibrosis

Intravascular cellular accumulations of

bland spindle cells that partially or
Multisystemic in cats involving
completely occlude arterioles, they are
Heart: Reactive the heart and brain and is
Reactive arranged in tight or loose whorls and
44 Cat angioendotheliomatosis with fibrin fatal. (bening in humans). vWF
angioendotheliomatosis nests. Affected vessels are thickened
thrombi and Vimentin +/ whereas Cyt
by proliferative adeventitial fibroblasts
CD18, Cd79, and CD 3--
and are surrounded by moderate
mucinous accumulations.

Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing,
12 45 African Grey Chlamydophila psittaci random, moderate with
intrahepatocellular bacteria
Psittacosis (ornithosis)
Sporadic Bovine Encephalitis
Polyarthritis
Enzootic bovine abortion
Enzootic ovine abortion
Abortion
Pneumonia
Conjunctivitis
Enteritis
Lung: Bronchointerstitial
pneumonia, proliferative,
heterophilic and
Boid inclusion body
46 Boa constrictor lymhpoplasmacytic with edema
disease
fibrin, hemorrhage and epithelial
eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
inclusion bodies
Ophidian Paramyxovirus- ddx-
Suppurative and necrotizing
pneumonia, not so many
inclusions, syncytial cells,
inclusions are pleomorphic
Cerebrum: Meningoencephalitis,
neutrophilic, lymphoplasmacytic
47 Chinchilla Herpes simplex type 1 and histiocytic with neuronal
necrosis, gliosis, and eosinophilic
intranuclear inclusion bodies
Elementary Body (EB)-
Reticulate Body (RB)- larger
infectious form- small electron
intracellular metabolically active form.
dense nucleoid at the
Lacy and reticular nucleus, hour glass
periphery of the EB separated
profiles, binary fission
from electron dense cytoplasm
Intermediate body (IB) - Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly,
largest, upt to 1 um. Central fibrinous air sacculitis, pericarditis,
electron dense core with peritonitis/ Micro- hepatic necrosis,
radially arranged individual portal hepatitis, intracellular bacteria,
nucleoid fibers surrounding the splenic necrosis, splenic histiocytosis,
core. Cytoplasmic granules intrahistiocytic bacteria, splenic
tightly packed at the periphery reticuloendothelial cell hyperplasia,
of the IB separated from the fibrinous air sacculitis with heterophils
core by a translucent zone. and macrophages
Humans and birds
Cattle
Cattle, sheep, horses
cattle
Sheep
Horses, swine
Cattle, sheep, goats, horses,
dogs, rabbits
Sheep, cats, guniea pigs,
hamsters
Cattle, pigs, muskrats,
snowshoe hares
affects boids and pythons- boas may
be inapparent carriers, but may lead to
Inclusions appear as electron
CNS disease. The snake mite-
dense structures
Ophionyssus natricis is suspected as
a vector
Herpes simplex Type 1- oral
and conjunctival infections and
encephalomyelitis in adults/
Herpes simplex type 2- genital
and neonatal infections/
Humans are a natural reservoir
 Skeletal muscle: Myositis, Spores (refractile) with polar Mechanical damage from pseudocysts
48 Crucian carp Myxobolus lentisuturalis necrotizing, multifocal, with myriad capsules (giemsa or wright)are or tissue necrosis and inflammation
myxosporidian spores pathognomonic for mYxozoan from trophozoite feeding

Grossly- ddx: Microsporidian

(all intracellular- thick walled
spores containing sporoplasm,
posterior vacuole, xenoma),
Ichthyophthirius multifilis,
lymphocystis, dermal
metecercariae
Other dz of Myxozoan- Proliferative
kidney disease, Proliferative gill
disease, whirling disease/ black tail
(Myxobolus cerebralis), also have a
polar capsule

Head, cross section: Myositis, Gross- firm nodules with

cellulitis, pharyngitis, osteomyelitis, draining fistulous tracts that
Staphylococcus aureus
13 49 Rat meningitis, pyogranulomatous and exude purulent discharge with
(Botryomycosis)
ndcrotizing with splendore-Hoeppli small white granules. Deep
and large bacterial colonies dermis and subcutis.

4 histomorphologic types- 1)
Acinar/tubular/ 2) Papillary-
lined by multiple layers of
anaplastic columnar cells/ 3)
50 Macaque Adenocarcinoma Jejunum: Adenocarcinoma
Mucinous- acinar or irregular
crypts, filled with mucin/ 4)
Signet ring- isolated nests of
cells containing mucin

Heart: Epicarditis, proliferative,

with multifocal myocardial fibrosis
51 Guinaea pig Metastatic calcification
and mineralization with
mineralization of the great vessels

Laryngeal and botryoid

Skeletal muscle: rhabdomyosarcoma of the Embryonal - dogs most common/
52 Rat Rhabdomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma urinary bladder are distinct Alveolar is least common
clinical entity.

Ionphores inhibit sodium and

potassium ion transport across
mitochondrial and other cell
Heart: Myocardium: degeneration membranes- leading to ddx: Vit E /Se, Exertional
14 53 Horse Monensin toxicosis
and necrosis with mineralization mitochondrial failure, depletion rhabdomyolysis, Cassia spp
of ATP, failure of calcium
transport and persistent
contraction

Toxic glomerular
Kidney: Glomerular aneurysms
vasculopathy- mesangiolysis
and fibrin thrombi with moderate
(direct injury to mesangial cells
54 Dog Snake envenomation acute tubular degeneration and
and matrix), capillary
necrosis and cellular and granular
ballooning, or glomerular
casts
microaneurysm formation.
 Vetch toxicosis occurs in cattle
Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial, Toxic principle: Prussic acid- Possible
and horses- dermatitis,
granulomatous and eosinophilic type IV hypersensitivity, or lectin
55 Ox Vetch toxicosis conjunctivitis, diarrhea,
with tubular degeneration, necrosis activation initiating T lymphocyte
multisystemic granulomatous
and regeneration activation
and eosinophilic disease

adrenal gland: Adrenalitis,

granulomatous and eosinopgilic
Haired skin: dermatitis,
lymphoplasmacytic, histiocytic, and
eosinophilic with acanthosis,
orthrokeratotic hyperkeratosis,
spongiosis and superficial dermal
edema

Liver: Hepatocellular vacuolar Affects- protein synthesis, oxidative

degeneration and necrosis with Bishydrofurans- B1, B2, G1, damage, disruption of DNA,
56 Dog aflatoxicosis
biliary hyperplasia and pigment G2 carcinogenesis, Necrosis from
laden macrophages inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis

Anisocytosis, karyomegaly,
binucleation, and
multinucleation, bile duct or
oval cell proliferation,
cytosegresome formation,
nodular regeneration- B1
interferes with mitosis

Brain, cerebrum: encephalitis,

Encephalitic herpesviruses: OHV-2,
lymphoplasmacytic and necrotizing BHV-5- encepbalitis/
15 57 Ox Bovine herpesvirus 5 AlHV-1, EHV-1, PHV-1/ Neironal and
with glial and neuronal intranuclear occasionally BHV-1
glial necrosis, endothelial necrosis
inclusions
BHV-1 Abortion
BHV-2 Pseudolumpy skin dz/ herpes mamillits
BHV-4 mammary pustular dermatitis

Brain, cerebrum:
Meningoencephalitis, necrotizing,
58 cat Phaeohyphomycosis
pyogranulomatous with fibrinoid
vasculitis and dematiaceous fungi
 Histo: Epithelial- grlandular,
normal tubules, glomeruloid
structures lacking capillaries/
Thoracolumbar spinal spinal cord and dura mater: Mesenchymal component-
59 Dog cord tumor of young thoracolumbar spinal cord tumor of lobules or streams, fibrous,
dogs/ Nephroblastoma young dogs mucoid, adipose, muscle,
cartilage, bone/ Blastemal
cells- clumnps or dispersed
between

Brain, cerebellum: Neuronal and

Mucopolysaccharidosis axonal degeneration with
60 Dog IIIA (Sanfilippo spongiosis, spheroids, and sulphatase deficiency
sundrome) neuronal cytoplasmic eosinophilic
granular material
16 61 Rat Cholangiocarcinoma liver: cholangiocarcinoma
Lung: Pleuropneumonia,
62 Pig Haemophilus parasuis fibrinohemorrhagic and
suppurative

Heart: Pulmonary artery:

Endocarditis, valvulitis, and Strep suis type II- also causes
63 Pig Streptococcus suis arteritis, fibrinosuppurative and meningitis, polyserositis,
granulomatous with mineralization arthritis, and pneumonia
and gram positive cocci

Kidney: vasculitis and

perivasculitis, lymphohistiocyticwith
Malignant catarrhal
64 Goat intimal and medial fibrinoid
fever (OHV-2, CpHV-2)
necrosis, hemorrhage, and a few
fibrin thrombi

17 65 Rat chordoma Tail: chordoma

spinal cord: vasculitis,
Thrombotic
leukocytoclastic, multifocal with
66 Ox meningoencephalitis
thrombosis, axonal degeneration
(Histophilus somni)
and gram pos bacteria
Actually its liver with an extrahepatic
Ectopic from bile ducts
67 Ferret Cysts, multiple Adrenal gland : cysts,multiple cyst surrounded by granulomatous
(ectopic hepatic tissues)
inflammation
Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
membranoproliferative, global,
Membranoproliferative diffuse, tubular degeneration,
68 Macaque
glomerulonephritis regeneration, protein casts,
lymphoplasmacytic interstitial
nephritis
Immune complex glomerulonephritis
Horses EIA
Strep sp
Cattle BVD
Trypanosomiasis
 Hereditary
Sheep hypocomplementemia in
Finnish Landrace lambs
Pigs CSF
ASF
Dogs Infectious Canine Hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis
Chronic bacterial dz
Endometritis (pyometra)
Pyoderma
Prostatitis
Dirofilariasis
Borreliosis
SLE
Polyarteritis
IMHA
IM poly arthritis
Mastocytoma
Hereditary C3 deficiency
Leishmaniasis
Cats Feline leukemia virus infection
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
FIV
Progressive polyarthritis
Neoplasia
Progressive membranous
glomerulonephritis
Mink Aleutian dz

Pleomorphic Haired skin and subcutis: well differentiated, pleomorphic

18 69 Dog
liposarcoma Liposarcoma, pleomorphic and myxoid

Haired skin: dermatitis, folliculitis, Kerion- dermatophyte fungal hyphae/

Eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis, eosinophilic with folliculocentric, eosinophils, Sterile eosinophilic pustulosis has
70 Dog
and furunculitis mucin and mild epidermal ulcerative subcorneal pustules and less evere
hyperplasia eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis

solitary nodules centered on

Haired skin and subcutis:
ischemically altered Autoimmune, trauma, immunoreactive
Panniculits, granulomatous and
71 dog Palisading granuloma degenerate or devitalized disease; Macrophages CD 11b, CD45,
pallisading, marked,
collagen fibers, with marked Cd18
lymphoplasmacytic
numbers of plasma cells
Hereditary equine subfollicular artifactual split
Haired skin: Collagen dysplasia,
72 Horse regional dermal that occurs during
diffuse
asthenia procurement and processing
 Tuberculin/ MHC II/ APC--> interacts
with memory cells (Th1)--> blast
Mycobacterium Lung: Granulomas, multifocal to Type IV hypersensitivity: 8-12 transformation and proliferation -->
19 73 Macaque
tuberculosis coalescing hours, peaks at 24-72 hours Th1 cytokines (IL-12, IFN-y, IL-2, TNF-
a) which attract mononuclear cells (T
cells and macrophages), and edema

spleen: Splenitis, granulomatous,

multifocal to coalescing

Spleen: Lymphoid depletion,

diffuse
Pancreas: NSL
Liver: hepatitis, necrotizing,
multifocal with fibrin and
74 Macaque adenovirus hemorrhage, edema, and Necrotizing hepatitis is rare
eosinophilic to basophilic
intranuclear inclusion bodies
Liver: hepatitis, portal, lymphocytic,
multifocal
Gall bladder, lamina propria:
Edema, diffuse, marked
Inclusion body hepatitis
Hydropericardium syndrome
Fowl, goose, duck, pigeon, Turkey
Respiratory disease
Adenovirus
Aviadenovirus (group Necrotizing pancreatitis
1 avian adenovirus) gizzard erosions
Quail Bronchitis (Avian adenovitus
type 1)

Marble Spleen Disease Pheasants- splenic necrosis,

(Adenovirus Type 2) respiratory edema, congestion

Hemorrhagic enteritis (adenovirus Young turkeys, bloody

Siadenovirus type 2) droppings
Avian adenovirus splenomegaly
virus
Frog adenovirus

Laying hens; viral replication in

Egg drop syndrome (Avian
pouch shell gland epithelium,
Subgroup 3 avian adenovirus
INIB
Ovine, bovine, Duck Possum
adenoviruses
Atadenovirus Adenoviral Hemorrhagic Disease vasculitis with endocardial
inCalifornia mule deer and black- INIB, pulmonary edema,
tailed deer hemorrhagic enteropathy
Bearded dragon, snake,
Reptilian adenoviruses
chameleon

Human adenovirus
Simian adenovirus (27 viruses)
canine adenovirus 1
canine adenovirus 2
Equine Adenovirus
Bovine adenovirus
Mastadenovirus
Ovine adenovirus
Porcine adenovirus
Oncogenic in newborns, CNS
Murine adenovirus
Guinea pig Adenovirus
Adenovirus
Wildlife wolves, skunks, racoons, CAV-
Respiratory disease, enteritis,
Keratoconjunctivitis
Subclinical, respiratory and
enteric disease secondary to
immunosuppression
Infectious canine hepatitis
Necrotizing bronchiolitis and
alveolar epithelialization
CID foals; bronchiolitis,
atelectasis, and pancreatitis
Resp dz, pyrexia, KCS, colic,
enteric dz in calves
Respiratory tract disease,
conjunctivitis, enteritis
Pneumonia, enteritis,
encephalitis, diarrhea
lesions
Pneumonitis
hamsters rats
Brown bear, coyotes, foxes,
1

epsilon toxin: inactive prototoxin in the

gut, with activation by trypsin. Epsilon
toxin binds endothelial cell surface
receptors resulting in opening of tight
Clostridium perfringens perivascular proteinaceous
junctions, disturbed transport
type D (focal Brain, white matter: Necrosis and edema (microangiopathy),
75 Sheep processes, and increased vascular
symmetrical loss, multifocal with edema acidophilic accumulations of
permeability resulting in vasogenic
encephalomalacia) protein
edema, swelling of astrocytic foot
processes, hypoxia, ischemia, and
necrosis. Some can be mediated by
the adenyl cyclases/ cAMP system

Superantigens (Gram pos): Class II

Tail, transverse section: Dermatitis,
and cellulitis, neutrophilic and
necrotizing with fibrin, edema,
76 Marmoset Gram-negative sepsis
hemorrhage, thrombosis and
myriad intra-epidermal colonies of
bacilli
MHC mol and V beta domains of
LPS-LPSbp--> TLR 4/ TCR--> activation// Exogenous
CD14/MD2--> MyD88--> TNF- superantigens- enterotoxins, TSST1,
RAF-6 --> Ik-B--> AP TF--> IL- exfoliating toxin/ Endogenous
1,6,8,12,NO, PAF superantigens-Specific T cell
memebrane molecule produced during
viral infections
 Mucocutaneous junction, lip:
Hyperkeratosis, parakeratotic, Skin- hyperkeratosis, deep fissuring of
Superficial necrolytic
diffuse, marked, acanthosis, footpads/ Liver- severe vacuolar
dermatitis also associated with DM,
20 77 Dog edema of the stratum spinosum, degeneration with diffuse parenchymal
(hepatocutaneous glucagon secreting tumor
basal cell dermatitis, focal ulcer collapse, condensation of reticulin and
syndrome)
with pyogranulomatous nodular regeneration
inflammation and surface bacteria

red white and blue-

hyperkeratosis (red)
ddx: Parakeratotic disease (zinc def,
(parakeratotic), necrosis of
thallium tox, lethal acrodermatitis of
stratum spongiosum,
Bull terriers, Sarcoptes scabei, generic
intracellular edema (white),
dog food dermatosis).
and basal layer hyperplasia
(blue)

well demarctaed,
intraventricular, expands the
third ventricle, mesencephalic
aqueduct, and 4th ventricle,
well vascularized, sheets,
clusters, fascicles, indistinct
78 Dog Ependymoma Brain- hippocampus: Ependymoma perivascular clearing
cell borders, fibrillar
eosinophilic cytoplasm,
Pseudorosettes are common,
foci of necrosis with peripheral
palisades of neoplastic cells,
perivascular lymphocytes

Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,

histiocytic and plamacytic with
79 Cockatoo Sarcocystis sp
edema, necrosis and
intraendothelial sarcocysts
Vimentin and GFAP- vascular
Brain: astrocytoma, high grade proliferation,
80 Moose High grade astrocytoma
(glioblastoma multiforme) pseudopalisading, serpentine
necrosis
Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous,
Cryptococcus multifocal to coalescing with
21 81 Dog
neoformans edema and myriad intralesional
yeast
islet cell carcinoma associated with superficial
82 Dog Pancreas: Islet cell carcinoma other products- insulin, gastrin
(glucagonoma) necrolytic dermatitis
Lung: Pneumonia,
bronchointerstitial, necrotizing,
83 Cat feline herpesvirus 1 severe, fibrin, edema, syncytia,
and epithelial intranuclear inclusion
bodies
 Esophagus: Esophagitis, necro-
ulcerative, multifocal, fibrin,
most common with calicivirus
edema, intraepithelial inclusion
bodies
Bone marrow: Acute myelofibrosis is caused by
Acute megakaryoblastic megakaryoblastic leukemia with cytokine production by
84 dog
leukemia myelofibrosis and lymph node megakaryocytes, PDGF, TGF-
metastasis beta (alpha granules)

other germ cell neoplasm:

dysgerminoma (resemble seminomas)
, choriocarcinoma (trophoblastic
immature teratoma
differentiation- trophoblastic giant
(teratocarcinoma) has less-
cells, syncytiotrophoblasts,
differentiated embryonal
cytotrophoblasts, blood-filled spaces),
tissues with some
embryonal carcinoma (may contain
Teratoma (germ cell differentiated structures; Looks
22 85 Macaque Ovary: Teratoma MNGC), yolk sac carcinoma
neoplasm) like Dermoid Cyst (Epithelial
(mesoblast and yolk sac endoderm-
lined cyst containing
nests and ribbons of neoplastic
keratinizing stratified
epithelium in PAS positive material-
squamous epithelium, and
glomerulus like structure composed of
dermal collagen)
central blood vessel enveloped by
germ cells within a space lined by
germ cells)

Brucella (vasculitis)/
Chlamydophila abortus
Chorioallantois: Placentitis with
(vasculitis, cotyledonary
86 Goat coxiella burnetti multifocal necrosis and myriad
inflammation, coccoid org)/
intratrophoblastic organisms
Toxoplasma (Primarily
cotyledons)

Placenta: placentitis, necrotizing,

87 Ox Ureaplasma diversum subacute with vasculitis,
thrombosis and mineralization

results from an insufficient

Chorioallantois: Adeventitial
placentation, multifocal, with
88 Ox Adventitial placentation
edema and minimal
lymphoplasmacytic placentitis
number of caruncles
(congenital disorders of
endometrial organization, , or
by loss of caruncles due to
looks like granulation tissue
inflammation- primitive villus
attahcments between the
chorion and endometrium
attempt to compensate for
inadequate placentation
 Liver: Hepatocellular degeneration hemosiderosis- systemic
hemochromatosis is deposition of iron
and necrosis, periportal to overload of iron resulting in
but is combined with a morphological
23 89 rhinoceros Hemochromatosis midzonal, with moderate biliary excessive deposition of
or functional disturbance of the organ,
duct proliferation, fibrosis, and hemosiderin in different organs
tissue, or cell
hemosiderosis or tissues.

Pancreas: Pancreatitis,
Arabian/ Jack russel terriers/
necrotizing, multifocal to X linked SCID- (basset/corgi)- gamma
BALB/c mice: B,T cell
90 Horse SCID; adenovirus coalescing, marked, with chain of IL-2 receptor- T cells
deficiency- DNA PKc- cant
intraepithelial basophilic unresponsive to IL-2 stimuli
rearrange receptor genes
intranuclear inclusion bodies
Spleen: Lymphoid hypoplasia,
severe, diffuse
Echinococcus multilocularis-
Echinococcus multilocular hydatid cyst
91 Field vole Liver: Hydatid cyst
multilocularis (Echinococcus granulosus is
unilocular hydatid cyst)
Hemophagocytic Spleen: Hemophagocytic
92 Dog CD11d/CD18
histiocytic sarcoma histiocytic sarcoma
4 layers: 1) outermost
compressed dermal collagen;
2) homogenous intermediate
Haired skin: dermatitis,
zone; 3) Host cell with
24 93 Donkey Besnoitia ap granulomatous and eosinophilic,
peripheralized nuclei; and 4)
multifocal with protozoal cysts
innermost parasitophorus
vacuole filled with crescentic
bradyzoites

Kidney: Nephritis, tubulo-

94 Tortoise Gout interstitial, interstitial fibrosis,
tubular loss, numerous urate tophi

Intestine: enteritis, necrotizing with

intramural cestodes and
95 Water snake entamoeba invadens fibrin, edema, and numerous
pentastomes
amoebic trophozoites

Spinal cord, white matter: Axonal

Parelaphostrongylus degeneration and loss, diffuse with
96 Goat
tenuis digestion chambers, gitter cells,
and lymphocytic meningomyelitis

Endosporulating: Chlorella,
Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous,
Prototheca, Coccidioides,
multifocal , moderate with diffuse
25 97 Alpaca Coccidioides immitis Rhinosporidium,
edema and numerous fungal
Batrachochytrium
spherules
dendrobatidis
Haired skin and subcutis:
98 Dog Plasmacytoma CD45 +, AL amyloid
Plasmacytoma with amyloid
 Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
membranoproliferative, global,
diffuse, marked, with tubular
99 Dog Borrelia burgdorferi degeneration, necrosis,
regeneration, proteinosis, and
chronic lymphoplasmacytic
interstitial nephritis
Kidney, glomerulus and proximal
convoluted tubules: Lamellar
100 Rat Phospholipidosis bodies, intracytoplasmic and
extracellular, consistent with renal
phospholipidosis
Glomerular deposits are PAS
positive/ Tichrome and congo
red --
Caused by Cationic Amphophilic
Drugs: 1) Direct interaction with
cellular phospholipids (binding and
also seen in Kupffer cells,
resists degradation)/ 2) Inhibition of
biliary epithelium, endothelial
the enzymes (phospholipases) that
cells, lungs,
degrade phospholipids/ 3)
Upregulating the synthesis of
phospholipids in the cell
Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx notes notes/DDX
2005-2006
YACS: Yersinia, Actinomyces,
Eye: Endophthalmitis, suppurative
Actinobacillus, Arcanobacter,
1 1 Mule Deer Yersinia pestis with coccobacilli and stromal
Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Staph
keratitis
and strep
Prepuce: Posthitis, granulomatous,
2 Horse Halicephalobus sp nodular with rhabditid adults,
larvae and eggs

Pleomorphic epithelial cells

Adenocarcinoma of obliterating normal bone. Forming
3 Barn Owl Humerus: Air sac adenocarcinoma
air sac papillary projections, tubuels and solid
sheets. Mucin producing

Burkholderia Seminal vesicle: Vesiculitis, Glanders is caused by Burkholderia

4 Macaque Melioidosis
pseudomallei suppurative, diffuse mallei

Malignant catarrhal fever,

Meninges, cerebrum: Vasculitis OHV-2, AHV-1: ddx vasculitis: BVD, Orbivirus,
2 5 Ox Gamma Herpesvirus and perivasculitis, lymphoproliferation vasculitis, Adenovirus hemorrhagic disease,
lmyphohistiocytic, necrotizing erosive ulcerative lesions salmonella dublin, Histophilus somni
corneal edema, uveitis

Broad based budding 10-20 um 1-2

Blastomyces Lung: Pneumonia,
6 Ferret um thick double contoured refractile
dermatitidis pyogranulomatous with yeast
wall

Canine laryngeal
rhabdomyoma and
Laryngeal skeletal muscle: rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare
7 Dog Rhabdomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma distinct entity, most are
histologically benign bu may
cause respiratory obstruction

possibel hepatic
8 Cat Spongioform change Brain- spongioform change
encephalopathy
Liver: Vacuolar degeneration and
Necrosis
portal venous hypoplasia and
Degeneration
arteriolar duplication

Lung: Bronchitis and bronchiolitis

Orthopoxvirus: Ectromelia,
with epithelial balooning susceptible strains: C3H, A, DBA,
3 9 Mouse Ectromelia vaccina, variola, monkeypox,
degeneration and eosinophilic SWR, BALB/c
cowpox,
intracytoplasmic inlcusions

Liver: Cholangiohepatitis with

Helicobacter susceptible strains: C3H, A,
10 Mouse biliary hyperplasia and piecemeal
hepaticus SCID
hepatocellular necrosis
 Fibrates are lipid lowering
Skeletal muscle: Degeneration and
11 Rat Fibrate myopathy agents, Selective Type 1 fiber Statins selectively target Type II fibers
necrosis with histiocytic myositis
damage

Lung: Alveolar proteinosis and Mutations in surfactant

Pulmonary alveolar Secondary PAP results from
12 Mouse peribronchiolar and perivascular proteins B or C or the Beta
proteinosis impairment of macrophages
lymphoid aggregates chain of the GM-CSF receptor

Mycobacterium Subcutis: Panniculitis,

4 13 Ara (McCaw)
tuberculosis granulomatous, diffuse

Tumors of odontogenic Ameloblastoma, Amyloid producing

Maxilla: Ameloblastic fibro-
14 Dog Odontogenic tumor epithelium without
odontoma
mesenchyme
Tumors of odontogenic
epithelium with mesenchyme
Tumors predominantly of
odontogenic mesenchyme
odontogenic tumor, Canine
acanthomatous ameloblastoma
Ameloblatic fibroma/fibro-odontoma,
Feline inductive odontogenic tumor,
Complex odontoma, compound
odontoma
cementoma, cementifying fibroma

Lung: Pneumonia,
Dictyocaulus filaria commonly
lymphoplasmacytic, histiocytic, and
affetcs goat kids and lambs Muellerius capillaris (nodular
eosinophilis, with bronchiolar
15 Bighorn Sheep Protostrongylus sp and causes partial obstruction lungworm) alsoaffetcs sheep and
smooth muscle hypertrophy and
of small bronchi and type II goats forming subpleural nodules
myriad metastrongyle eggs larvae
pneumocyte hyperplasia
and adults

Salivary gland: coagulative

Necrotizing necrosis (infarct) with ductular
16 Dog commonly affects terriers
sialometaplasia hyperplasia and squamous
metaplasia

ddx Diarrhe in NHP: E coli

(ETEC, EPEC, EHEC),
Shigellosis- flexneri,
dysenteriae, boydii,
Campylobacter jejuni and coli,
Small intestine: Villous atrophy and Salmonella enteriditis and
Attaching and fusion, with enterocyte tymphimurium, Yersinia
5 17 Macaque
Effacing E coli degeneration and adherent chort enterocolitica, and
bacilli pseudotuberculosis,
Cryptosporidium parvum,
Proteus vulgaris, Pinworms
(oxyuris and enterobius),
Balantidium coli, IBD,
Entamoeba histolytica

18 Horse Malignant neoplasm Lung: Possible mesothelioma

 Tansy mustard
Brain: Laminar cortical necrosis Sulfur accumulating plants-->
19 Ox (Descurainia pinnata)
with gliosis Thiamine deficiency
toxicosis
Chorioallantois: Placentitis,
20 Dog Brucella canis necrotizing with intratrophoblastic
coccobacilli

Lymph node and tonsil: Lymphoid

depletion with sinus histiocytosis
6 21 Pig Porcine circovirus-2
and draining neutrophilia, with
intrahistiocytic botryoid inclusions

Kidney: Nephritis, suppurative,

22 Horse Actinobacillus eqquli
embolic with coccobacilli
Secondary EFE- develps in
Primary EFE- No other heart conjunction with congenital cardiac
Endocardial
23 Horse Heart: Endocardial fibroelastosis lesions/ inherited resulting in abnormalities, myocarditis, glycogen
fibroelastosis
sudden death storage disease and carnitine
deficiency
Random foci of hepatocellular
Liver: Hepatitis, histiocytic and
24 OX Salmonella dublin necrosis containing macrophages and
lymphocytic, necrotizing
neutrophils
mononuclear expansion of the
interstitial space with few neutrophils,
Lung: Edema and hemorrhage alveolar spaces contain fibrin,
with intraalveolar fibrin neutrhpils and erythrocytes,
interlobular septa are widened by
edema and fibrin

Liver: Hepatocellular degeneration,

necrosis, and loss with
parenchymal collapse, bile stasis,
nodular regeneration, moderate
7 25 Dog Cirrhosis
dissecting fibrosis, biliary
hyperplasia, and
lymphoplasmacytic portal hepatitis
(cirrhosis)
Heart; Skeletal muscle: Myofiber
26 Brown Pelican Hypovitaminosis E degeneration and necrosis with
fibrosis and fatty infiltration

27 Mouse Leukemia Liver: Myeloid leukemia BXH-2 Mouse good review of leukemias
Liver: Necrosis, centrilobular and
28 Dog Heatstroke
midzonal
Lip: Cheilitis, ulcerative with
epithelial syncytia, and Most likely Herpes simplex
8 29 Macaque Alphaherpesvirus
amphophilic to eosinophilic virus
intranuclear inclusions
 Lung: Bronchiolitis,
lymphoplasmacytic with
PCD: 50% have situs inversus
Primary Ciliary bronchiolectasis and bronchiolar
30 Dog or communicating
Dyskinesis epithelial hyperplasia, vascular
hydrocephalus
smooth muscle hypertrophy, and
interstitial fibrosis
Mammary glands:
31 Rat Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Kidney: Tubular necrosis with
32 Macaque Tenofovir toxicosis regeneration; Glomerular capillary Antiretroviral drug
thrombosis

Haired skin and subcutis:

Erysipelothrix Other lesions_ endocarditis,
9 33 Pig Vasculitis with fibrin thrombi and ddx: PDNS (PRRS and PCV-2)
rhusiopathiae polyarthritis, and skin necrosis
superficial dermal necrosis

Abomasum: Mucus neck cell

Lack of parietal cells a problem Haemonchus contortus- sheep and
hyperplasia, eosinophilic
34 Ox Ostertagia ostertagi of tissue ID- Maybe from goats, Ostertagia in cattles,
abomasitis, and trichostrongylid
pyloric region Trichostrongylus axei in horses
nematodes
Medullary thyroid Thyroid gland: Medullary thyroid
35 Monkey
carcinoma carcinoma
Fever anorexia, depression dyspnea
Brain, cerebrum: congestion and Sheep, goats and cattle: and ataxia, Pulmonary Edema,
36 Sheep ehrlichia ruminantium edema, with intraendothelial Transmitted by Amblyomma Hydropericardium, Hydrothorax,
rickettsia ticks. Cerebral edema, lymph node edema,
splenomegaly
Vit D toxicity or inherited failure
10 37 Paca Osteosclerosis Long bone: Osteosclerosis diffuse
of ostoclast activity
Bone, thoracic vertebrae:
38 Horse Osteoslcerosis Osteosclerosis with failure of
modeling of primary trabeculae
Mandible: Carcinoma, with
Carcinoma; Fracture vascular invasion and chondro-
39 Dog
callus osseus and fibrous proliferation
(fracture callus)

Radius and tibia of young

large breed dogs- Osteoblast
and osteoclast necrosis,
hemorrhage and neutrophilic
Hypertrophic Long Bone: Osteomyelitis,
inflammation where primary
osteodystrophy necrosuppurative, acute diffues,
40 Dog trabeculae leave naken later lesions have fibrous tissue
(Metaphyseal with microfractures and acute
mineralized cartilage. Below
Osteodystrophy) fibrinois vascular necrosis
this the trabeculae are
fractured with marked
osteoclast resorption and
suppurative inflammation

Possible causes include: vaccine high or imbalanced calcium

induced or bacterial or viral agents and phosphorus levels
 In cats they are made of solid They always originate from
sheets of bland polygonal cells epithelial tissues lining the
11 41 Cat Iridociliary adenoma PAS stain highlights the delicate BM
with regular delicate vascular posterior chamber, iris and
supply ciliary body.

Small intestine: Vasculitis,

Streptococcus equi
42 Horse necrotizing with thrombi, infarcts,
equi
and cocci
Neoplastic cells are positive for
IN this case there is alsoa thin
Spindle cell neoplasm GFAP and negative form s-100
43 Dog choroid with little pigment, loss
of blue-eyed dogs (Peripheral nerve sheath tumor not
of ganglion cells
melanoma)

There is replacement of much

Chronic intestinal of the tunica media by
pseudoobstruction Small intestine: Leiomyositis, connective tissue containing
44 Dog
(Lymphoplasmacytic lymphohistiocytic lymphocytes, macrophages,
leiomyositis) and occasional plasma cells
and neutrophils.

Small intestine: Enteritis,

necrotizing, acute, diffuse with
Peste des petits crypt abscesses, villosu blunting
12 45 Lamb
ruminants and fusion, syncytia and
intracytoplasmic intranuclear
eosinophilic inclusion bodies
Heart: Epicarditis,
Corynebacterium
46 Goat pyogranulomatosu and fibrinous,
pseudotuberculosis
chronic, severe

47 Monkey Francisella tularensis Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous,

Rumen: Rumenitis,
Predisposing factors-
Zygomycetes; necrosuppurative, erosive,
48 Ox Antibiotics, grain overload,
Candida transmural, with vasculitis, thrombi
IBR, BVD-mucosal disease
and fungal hyphae

ddx: fusobacterium
necrophorum in cattle;
Liver: Necrosis, coagulative with
Histomonas meleagridis in
13 49 Duck Borrelia anserina fibrin thrombi with splenic
turkeys; Entamoeba invadens
granulomas
in reptiles, and Entamoeba
histolytica in primates

Adrenal gland: Adrenal cortical

Carcinoma with Metastatic adrenal cortical
50 Ferret carcinoma, with myxoid
myxoid differentiation carcinoma
differentiation
Skeletal muscle and esophagus:
Disseminated
51 Ferret Myositis, neutrophilic with
Idioapthic Myositis
scattered myonecrosis
 Neuroendocrine cells and
cardiac Heart, right atrium: Cardiac Chromaffin positive = catecholamines,
52 Dog sutentacular cells. Sympthetic
paraganglioma paraganglioma sympathetic
or parasympathetic

Salinomycin- Potassium ionophore-

ionophore toxicosis- Cation
transporters that embed in
plasma membranes and
Heart: Myocardial degeneration
facilitate the movement of
14 53 Horse Salinomycin toxicosis and necrosis, subacute with
sodium and potassium ions
histiocytic inflammation
from extracellular fluids.
Hydrogen ions move out of the
cells,
interferes with potassium transport
across mitochondrial memebranes,
resulting in low intracellular energy
production. The Na/Ca exchange may
also be disrupted allowing fatal
accumulation of intracellular calcium.
Calcium pumps pump cytosolic
calcium into sarcoplasmic reticulum/
failure results in increased cytosolic
calcium and causes myofibril
hyperconttraction, ATP depletion and
failed oxidative phpsphorylation
resulting in mitochondrial swelling,
disruption and cell death

Lung: Mineralization, interstitial,

multifocal, with emphysema,
54 Dog Hypervitaminosis D
intraalveolar edema, and
histiocytosis
Kidney: Tubular degeneration and Mechanical damage and local
Sulfonamide
55 Ox necrosis with intratubular toxic effects, from crystallizing
nephrosis
amphophilic granular material in renal vessels

Esophagus: Esophagus, ddx: Selenium and thallium

Ramaria flavo-
56 Ox necrotizing, ulcerative with toxicosis as wellas BVD-
brunnescens toxicosis
intramucosal thrombi mucosal disease, FMD

Lung: carcinoma, multicentric with

Jaagsiekte (Ovine bronchointerstitial pneumonia,
15 57 Sheep Pulmonary suppurative, and histiocytic with retrovirus
Adenomatosis) peribronchiolar lymphocyte
infiltrates
Lymph node: Lymphadenitis, Nocardia- gram pos, aerobis,
58 OX Nocardia sp granulomatous, multifocal with filamentous, partially acid fast,
mineral and filamentous bacilli facultative intracellular

Pancreas: ductal ectasia with

intraluminal adult trematodes,
59 Ox Eurytrema sp periductal fibrosis, acinar atrophy,
and granulomatous pancreatitis,
centered on trematode eggs
 Bone, distal right tibia:
Osteomyelitis, granulomatous and
60 Dog Basidiomycetes look like aspergillus
necrotizing with myriad fungal
hyphae
Mechanisms: Direct cellular
Bone: Necrosis with periosteal and damage by ice crystals-->
16 61 Trumpeter Frostbite
endosteal hyperostosis cellular dehydration and
cellular lysis

Constant vasoconstriction-->
Synovium: Synovitis, and cellulitis, local hypoxia, acidosis and
heterophilic and histiocytic increased viscosity -->
thrombosis and ischemic injury

Local thrombosis and

endothelial damage trigger
Skin: epidermal hyperplasia,
release of prostaglandins
hyperkeratosis with focal ulcer and
(PGF2alpha and TXA2)-->
superficial fungi
MORE vasoconstriction and
thrombosis
Liver: Pentastome nymphs and
62 Snake Pentastomiasis
multifocal granulomas

Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing with

63 Owl Herpesvirus strigis eosinophilic hepatocellular
intranuclear inclusions
Chorangiomas- benign
Placenta: Atypical mesenchymal
Atypical mesenchymal placental tumors, from fetal
64 Bongo proliferation with striated muscle
proliferation blood vessels or primitive
differentiation
chorionic mesenchyme

This mass contained

undifferentiated mesenchymal
cells, endothelial cells,
Chorioallantois: Fibrosis with
pericytes, smooth muscle
mineralization and villar necrosis
cells, skeletal muscle cells,
leading to diagnosis of
placental stem cell tumor

Skin: Epidermal and follicular

hyperplasia, balooning ddx Dry Pox: Proliferative,
Trichophyton megninii and
17 65 Chicken Avian Poxvirus degeneration and necrosis with hyperkeratotic and ulcerative
Knemidocoptes gallinae
eosinophilic intracytoplasmic cutaneous lesions
inclusions

ddx:Wet Pox: Caseous Vit A deficiency, GHV-1, Trichomonas

inflammation in pharynx/ gallinae, Capillaria annulata, Candida
esophagus/ crop albicans, Aspergillosis
 Haired skin and subcutis:
Panniculitis and dermatitis,
66 Cat Pseudomycetoma pyogranulomatous, nodular with
fungal hyphae and intrafollicular
arthrospores and hyphae
Benign PNST: Neurofibroma
Peripheral nerve Skin: Hemangiopericytoma, (Schwanna cells and Malignant PNST: Neurofibrosarcoma,
67 Dog
sheath tumor myxoid type perineurial cells), Malignant Schwannoma
Schwannoma
Virulence factors: alpha toxin
Skin and Subcutis: Vasculitis, (creates a pore in cell Exotoxins- Superantigens (stimulate T
Staphylococcus necrotizing with dermal and membranes), Beta toxin (Type cells non specifically- TSST,
68 Dog
aureus; mucinosis epidermal necrosis, hemorrhage, C Sphingomyelinase), Enterotoxin), Exfoliatin toxins (ETA,
and dermal-epidermal separation Leukocidin (pores in cell ETB)
membranes)
Skin: Mucinosis, severe
Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial
18 69 Cat Chlamydophila sp Chlamydophila felis
histiocytic with edema
Liver, Spleen: Deg and necrosis
with splenic lymphocytolysis and
EMH
Porcine coronavirus
Small intestine: Villous blunting
70 Pig (Transmissible
and fusion
Gastroenteritis)

Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,

lymphoplasmacytic diffuse, with
Histoplasma
71 Monkey edema, alveolar histiocytosis,
capsulatum
hemosiderosis, and intrahistiocytic
yeast

other lesiosn: non-suppurative

meningoencephalitis,
Heart: Myocarditis, necrotizing,
72 Chicken H5N1 Avian Influenza pancreatic necrosis, dermatitis,
histiocytic
splenic lymphoid depletion in
spleen and thymus

Trachea: Tracheitis, necrotizing,

heterophilic, and granulomatous,
Mycobacterium avium; transmurally with ulceration
19 73 Duck
Aspergillus sp osteolysis, and squamous
metaplasia with fungi, and
bacterial cocci, bacilli
 Primary intraocular
neuroectodermal tumors- 1)
Mature Neuroepithelium-
Eye: Primitve neuroectodermal
Cilialry epithelium derived-
Primitive tumor with features of
74 Horse (adenoima, Carcinoma of X),
neuroectoderm tumor medulloepithelioma and
and 2) Primitive medullary
retinoblastoma
epithelium
(medulloepitheliomas, and
retinoblastomas)

3 types of Lafora bodies: 1) branching

Polyglucosan bodies are fibrillar structures without a limiting
similar to Corpora amylacea, membrane, 2) Osmiophilic granules in
Lafora body disease Cerebellum, Purkinje cells-
75 Cat stain positively with PAS, the central core surrounded by fibrillar
(polyglucosan bodies) Polyglucosan bodies
Alcian blue, and methenamine material, RER is affected, 3) Dense
silver peripherla ring of PAS positive
material
Pleomorphic large vesicular abundant cytoplasm, indistinct cell
Retrobulbar borders, occasional small nests of compact swirling cells
76 Dog Retrobulbar tissue: Meningioma,
meningioma (meningothelial pattern), the retina is atrophic with loss of ganglion cell
Asymmetriclayer
cerebral
and white
partialmatter,
loss ofand brainstem.
inner Lesions include
nuclear layer
Brain,cerebrum:
Necrotizing necrosis and cavitation with astrocytosis, gemistocytes, fibrillary
Leukoencephalitis, necrotizing,
20 77 Dog Encephalitis of astrocytes, perivascular cuffing, macrophages, microgliosis,
nonsuppurative with gemistocytic
Yorkshire Terriers neovascularization, gitter cells, sclerosis, swollen axons, astroglial
astrogliosis
scarring
Acute Water Brain, cerebrum: Necrosis, cortical,
78 Pig deprivation syndrome laminar, subacute with eosinophilic
(salt toxicity) meningoencephalitis

Brain, cerebrum: Vasculitis,

79 Ox Zygomycetes necrotizing, thromboembolic with
fungal hyphae

Porcine enteric picornaviruses-

Teschovirus-
Spinal cord: Poliomyelitis and
Polioencephalomyelitis, CNS, Porcine enteric picornavirus-
80 Pig Teschen disease radiculoneuritis, non-suppurative
ventral spinal cord, Enterovirus- no neurologic disease
with meningitis
chromatolysis, gliosis and
perivascular cuffing

Picornaviridae-
Encephalomyocarditis virus,
cardiovirus genus- congestion, Porcine adenovirus-
meningitis, perivascular Meningoencephalitis with
mononuclear cells, neural perivascular infiltrates, and
degeneration, non-suppurative microglial formation
encephalitis and myocarditis in
sein efetuses
 Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous
and eosinopgilic with larvated eggs
and intra-arterial adult
metastrongyle nematodes,
21 81 Rat Angiostrongylus sp
proliferative histiocytic and
eosinophilic endarteritis,
bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia,
and mild eosinophilic bronchiolitis

Brainstem, cerebellum:
Escherichia coli/ Strep
82 Dolphin Leptomeningitis, histiocytic and
zoo
neutrophilis with short bacilli
Abomasum: Abomasitis,
Clostridium necrotizing, fibrinosuppurative and
83 OX
perfringens A hemorrhagic, transmural with
adherent short bacilli

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath

Malignant peripheral
84 Dog tumor with adenocarcinomatous
nerve sheath tumor
divergent differentiation

The abnormal gonad contained both male and female characteristics.

On one edge of the gonad was a thick cord of fibromuscular tissue
containing several tubular structures lined by cuboidal to low columnar
epithelium with stereocilia. This structure appeared consistent with an
epididymis. The majority of the gonad consisted of sheets of small
aggregates of large polygonal cells containing eosinophilic vacuolated
22 85 Dog Ovotestis Gonad: Ovotestis, unilateral
cytoplasm (consistent with interstitial cells) interrupted by occasional
tubular structures that do not resemble normal ovarian follicles or
seminiferous tubules. These tubules were lined by polygonal to
spindle cells containing vacuolated basophilic cytoplasm and exhibited
a mild degree of anisokaryosis (atypical sex chord stroma cells). In
several tubules these cells appeared consistent with Sertoli cells

Uterus, endometrium: Hyperplasia, sings of late pregnancy /early

Pseudocyesis; Cystic the bitch has a long diestrus period
labyrinthine, segmental, marked, lactation in the absence of a
86 Dog endometrial and functional CL regardless of
with mucometra, periluminal conceptus is a
hyperplasia pregnancy
necrosis and mineralization pseudpregnancy
 Cytotrophoblasts are small,
undifferentiated stem cells,
Syncytiotrophoblasts are Intermediate trophoblasts are
Placental site Uterus: Ovary: Placental site
87 Macaque terminally differentiated morphologically intermediate but no
trophoblastic tumor trophoblastic tumor
multinucleated cells producing multinucleated cells.
placental hormones and gas
exchange

PSTT: neoplasm of intermediate Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor-

Choriocarcinoma- biphasic population
trophoblast cells- occurs at monomorphic intermediate
of cytotrophoblsats and
endometrial implantation site trophoblast cells resembling
syncytiotrophoblasts
suring pregnancy chorionic laeve

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor: Yolk sac tumors: Malignant germ cell tumors in ovary and testicle, and
Solid with multifocal follcles and recapitulate different developmental stages in the normal yolk sac.
variable thecomatous Patterns range from nests and chords and papillary structures, to a
differentiation with abundant reticular or microcystic pattern. Cytoplasm is clear with lipid or
eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm glycogen

Allantochorion: Placentitis,
necrohemorrhagic with
88 Horse Aspergillus sp
pseudomembrane, squamous
metaplasia and fungal hyphae

Lepromatous leprosy
(malignant disease) results
Skin and subcutis: dermatitis and
from a lack of T cell immunity- Antigen antibody complexes (from IL-
panniculitis, pyogranulomatous
23 89 Macaque Mycobacterium leprae Lacking effective CD4+ TH1 4) may result in vasculitis,
with granulomatous neuritis, focal
cells, but many CD8+ glomerulonephritis.
ulceration
Suppressor TH2 cells which
secrete IL-10, IL-4, and IL-5

Tuberculoid leprosy (benign

disease) is characterized by
granuloma formation with few
mycobacteria- Numerous
CD4+ TH1 T cells secrete IL-2
and IFN-gamma
Haired skin and subcutis: Sparagnosis- plerocercoid larvae (sparagna) of Spirometra spp- Outer
Granulomas, eosinophilic with tegument surrounding a solid but loose mesenchyme stroma with
90 Baboon Spirometra sp
nercosis hemorrhage and larval calcareous corpuscles, excretory ducts, skeletal muscle bundles, and
cestodes no digestive tract

lung: Lymphoma with marked

Simian T Lyphotrophic
91 Baboon alveolar edema, histiocytosis and
Virus -1
MNGC

Endocardial
92 SD Rat Heart: Endocardium: Schwannoma
Schwannoma
Gill: Branchitis, histiocytic and
Proliferative gill
24 93 Catfish proliferative, with lamellar fusion Myxosporidian parasites
disease
blunting and loss and protozoa
 Hepatopancreas, tubular epithelial
cells: Amphophilic intranuclear
94 Crayfish Baculovirus Baculoviruses are large rod shaped viruses with circular ds genome
inclusions with Karyomegaly, and
multifocal granulomas

Adenovirus liver: hepatocellular degeneration,

95 Reptile
(atadenovirus) nercosis, with basophilic INIB

Chytridiomycosis Skin: Epidermal hyperplasia and

96 Frog (Batrachochytrium hyperkeratosis with minimal
dendrobatitidis) dermatitis and intracorneal fungi

Heart: myocarditis, necrotizing with

25 97 Mac Trypanosoma cruzi
rare intrasarcoplasmic amastigotes

Thyroid gland: Hyperplasia,

Adenomatous
98 Beluga whale adenomatous with follicular cysts
hyperplasia
and micropapillary proliferations

Bursa of Fabricius, follicles:

Lymphoid depletion with
99 Pigeon Pigeon circivirus
histiocytosis and intrahistiocytic
botryoid inclusions

TEM: Conjunctiva: there are

multiple epithelial cells that lie
on a basement membrane and
are covered by lalellar keratin.
Conjunctiva: epithelial cell The cytoplasm of most cells the particles are round 200-250 nm
100 Mouse Ectromelia virus EM degeneration with intracytoplasmic contains round electron dense contain an elliptical or peanut-shaped
pox virions amorphous inclusions that electron dense core (pox virus)
occasionally displaces the
nucleus, all cells contain
numerous small round electron
dense particles
Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx Gross Histo
2004-2005
Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia,
lymphoid infiltration, alveolar
Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,
Caprine arthritis- Gross: Poorly collapsed lungs proteinosis// Other lentiviruses- Maedi-
proliferative, lymphocytic with
1 1 Goat encephalitis virus with several white nodules up visna in sheep (OPP), Equine
alveolar proteinosis and secondary
(lentivirus) to 2 cm infectious anemia, SIV, FIV, BIV, HIV//
acute bronchopneumonia
Morbillivirus- Peste des petits
ruminants

B. mandrillaris- trophozoite is
15-60 um and has a rouns
Lesions in the brain- fibrinoid necrosis
Kidney:Nephritis, interstitial, nucleus with dense nucleolus,
of blood vessels with neutrophils and
2 Dog Balamuthia necrotizing, pyogranulomatous, more than one nucleolus can
macrophages, malacia with
with amebic trophozoites and cysts be observed. The Cyst form ia
astrogliosis
15-60 um with a bilayer and
granules below the cell wall

Acanthamoeba sp- inhalation, Entamoeba histolytica-

causes lung and neurologic
disease (GAE)- granulomatous
Hartmannella sp- amoebic encephalitis.
Non-pathogenic Trophozoites are 10-30 um in
free living amoeba. diameter, contain an eccentric
nucleus, a single nucleolus, and
eosinophilic cytoplasm, with
glycogen vacuoles and only one
nucleolus
aboebic dysentery in humans
Naegleria fowleri- Primary Amebic
and primates. Cause flask
Meningoencephalitis (PAM). Found in
shaped intestinal ulcers.
fresh water, soil, and sewage. Inhaled.
Hematogenous and lymphatic
Trophozoites are 6-12 um with central
dissemination may occur.
nucleus and single large nucleolus.
Trophozoites are 6-50 um in
Cysts are not generally found in neural
diameter often surrounded by
tissue
a clear halo and have an
eccentric nucleus

Visceral gout, Liver: Mineral deposition (gout Gout- caused by dehydration,

3 Boa Inclusion body tophi), with mild granulomatous IBD- Type C retrovirus nephrotoxic drugs,m excess dietary
disease inflammation protein and calcium, Vit A deficiency

Humans- Nucleic acids are hydrolyzed

Liver: Hepatocyte inclusion bodies, Uric acid is secreted by the to purines and pyrimidines. Purine
eosinophilic ,intracytoplasmic renal tubular epithelium metabolism creates uric acid via
xanthine oxidase

Adenine>hypoxanthine>xanthi
Liver: Hepatocellular degeneration, ne>Uric Guanine>xanthine>uric acid>allantoic
with single cell necrosis acid>Allantoin>Allantoic acid>urea
acid>urea
The tumor is composed of Germ cell neoplasm that differentiated
Yolk sac nests, clusters, or ribbons of into yolk sac extra-embryonic
4 Mouse Ovary: Yolk Sac Carcinoma
carcinoma discrete cells embedded in an structures. The yolk matrix is PAS
eosinophilic matrix positive
 Lesions are associated with
Humans with diabetes- common
persistent diabetes mellitus,
opportunistic fungal infections are
Cryptococcus Brain: Meningitis, granulomatous, with exacerbation of
2 5 Lemur sino-orbital aspergillosis, rhinocerebral
neoformans with numerous yeast atherosclerosis with vascular
mucormycosis, and cryptococcal
thrombosis and opportunistic
meningitis
fungal infection
Brain: Infarcts, multifocal, acute
and chronic
Ddx: Feline calicivirus-
Lung: Bronchopneumonia, oculonasal discharge, rhinitis, Toxoplasmosis- triggered by
Feline necrotizing, acute, diffuse, severe, conjunctivitis, ulcerative immunosuppression, necrotizing
6 cat
Herpesvirus-1 with syncytia and epithelial stomatitis, interstitial interstitial pneumonia, with Type II
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions pneumonia, necrotizing pneumocyte proliferation
bronchiolitis
Toxins- Paraquat (herbicide), fatal
Aspiration pneumonia-from interstitial pnuemonia- gross lesions
vomiting, regurgitation, include interstitial emphysema, bullosu
dysphagia, post-anesthesia, emphysema, and
pneumomediastinum
Brain: Laminar cortical necrosis Kidney lead levels were toxic
Acid fast intranuclear inclusions were
7 Ox Lead Toxicosis with gliosis and hypertrophic 85 ppm (Ref 5-700 ppm toxic
found in the renal tubular epithelium
endothelial cells range)

Toxicity- Binding and inactivation of

Lead in 3 forms- metallic and enzymatic sulfhydryl groups (heme
salt (car batteries, lead synthesis), competition with calcium
weights, paint, shot, plumbing ions (bone lead lines, neuromuscular
waste, computer equipment, junction tremors and paresis),
pesticide), and organic (in old alteration of Vit D metabolism. Altered
gasoline) heme synthesis may result on
increased serotonin production.

Microsporidian lesions grossly

resemble myxozoan (multnucleated
forms that have enveloping primary
cells which contain enveloped
With telangiectasia with
secondary cells, their spores have two
parasitic xenomas. The
polar capsules), ich (White spot
parasite invades through
Gill: Branchitis, necrotizing and disease caused by Ichthyphthirius
enterocytes and merogeny
proliferative, with mucus cell multifilis, trophonts are large with
8 Salmon Loma salmonae occurs , then sporogeny
metaplasia and numerous uniform layer of external cilia and
occurs and xenomas form:
protozoal cysts horse-shoe shaped macronucleus),
Spores are 7 um or less, egg
lymphocystis (Piscine iridovirus which
shaped, with a posterior
infects dermal fibroblasts and inhibits
vacuole.
mitosis, producing tremendous cellular
hypertrophy) and dermal
metacercariae (Cellular hypertrophy),
bacterial granulomas, and neoplasia.
 Ultrastructurally the crystals look like
Charcot-leyden crystals; Biochemically
Acidophilic
Lung: Pneumonia, acidophilic Macrophages contain theyt are composed of Ym-1 protein
3 9 Mouse Macrophage
macrophage eosinophilic crystals (Chitinase), also known as T-
Pneumonia
lymphocyte derived eosinophilic
chemotactic factor

Granular eosinophilic
extracellular material with
Bronchopneumonia, suppurative
Pneumocystis minimal associated
with intra-alveolar fungal
murina inflammation. There are two
organisms
forms, Trophozoites and cysts
containing sporozoites

There is focally extensive loss of

Colon: Serosal fibrosis with smooth muscle that normally
Gastric ulcers often
Chloral Hydrate leiomyocyte degeneration and comprises the external longitudianl
10 Rat accompany intraperitoneal
peritonitis necrosis and mild neutrophil layer of the tunica muscularis. There is
injections of chloralhydrate
infiltration replacement by fibrous tissue.
Inflammation is minimal

Liver: Choledochitis, proliferative,

SIV infected primates- Infection also causes epithelial
chronic active, diffuse, with mucus
cryptosporidium occurs in the hyperplasia in a variety of species,
Cryptosporidium cell metaplasia, apical protozoa,
11 Macaque small intestine, biliary and and villus blunting in others. This may
sp and multifocal mild
pancreatic tracts, conjunctiva be due in part to induction of
cholangiohepatitis with bile duct
and lung apoptosis
hyperplasia

distal ileum, small raised

islands progressing to
confluent nodular surface with
Small intestine: Enteritis,
Lawsonia hemorrhage and necrosis.
12 Rabbit proliferative, histiocytic and
intracellularis Thickened epithelium results
heterophilic
from expansion and elongation
of the crypts and absence of
goblet cells

Small intestine: intraepithelial

eimeria spp
protozoa

Heart: Epicarditis and myocarditis, Aspergillus- 3-5 um wide

Primary pathogenic fungi:
necrotizing and granulomatous hyphae with regular septate
4 13 Dog Aspergillus sp Blastomyces, Histoplasmosis,
with vasculitis and pigmented and parallel walls and dichotomous
Cryptococus, Coccidiomycosis
non-pigmented fungi acute angle branching

most cases of disseminated

Pigmented hyphae, 2-6 um
wide, closely septate hypahe
Cladosporium with non-parallel walls, non-
bantianum dichotomous branching, and
occasional thick walled
vesicular swellings
Aspergillosis occur in German
Shepherds. Opportunistic fungi:
Aspergillus, Zygomycetes(Mucorales:
Rhizopus, Absidia, Mucor/
Entomophthorales: Basidiobolus,
Conidiobolus), Pythiosis,
Phaeohyphomycosis
 p53 is ini nucleus, prevents
proliferation of cells with DNA
damage- causing repair or
apoptosis. When DNA
damage occurs p53 levels
rapidly increase and cause
transcription of p21 (CDK
inhibitor). This prevents p53 deficient mice develop T
phosphorylation of Rb lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma,
preventing entrance into the S fibrosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma,
14 Mouse Lymphoma Thymus: Lymphoma
phase of the cell cycle. If DNA teratoma, anaplastic sarcoma,
damage is repaired p53 osteosarcoma, lung adenocarcinoma,
activates mdm2 whose product hair matrix tumor, leiomyosarcoma
binds to and down-regulates
p53. If DNA repair is
unsuccessful p53 initiates
apoptosis through Bax and
IGF-BP3. IGF-BP3 binds
ILGFreceptor and bax
antagonizes bcl-2

Determiners of malignancy:
Selef sufficiency in growth
signals, insensitivity to
inhibitory signals (TGFB and
inhibitors of Cdkinases),
evasion of apoptosis
(inactivation of p53), defects in
Hemangiosarcoma Heart: Hemangiosarcoma DNA repair, limitless
reproductive potential
(maintenance of telomere
length), sustained
angiogenesis (VEGF), escape
from immunity and rejection,
and the ability to invade and
metastisize

Anemia- non-regenerative = anemia of

Omentum: Omentitis,
chronic disease (TNF, IL-1, IFN-
Pyogranulomatous pyogranulomatous, sclerosing, Gossypium (cotton) and boma
gamma)--> decreased response to
15 Dog omentitis marked, focally extensive, with (place of concealment-
erythropoietin and decreased release
(Gossypiboma) fibrillar foreign material (surgical swahili)= Gossypiboma
of EPO, and impaired availability og
sponge)
iron into erythron
Fever: IL-1 and TNF increase
Acute phase proteins- IL-6 -->
cyclooxygenase--> increased Leukocytosis- IL-1/ TNF -->
C reactive protein and
PGE2--> produce accelerated release from bone marrow
fibrinogen/ IL-1/TNF--> Serum
neurotransmitters that increase post-mitotic pool
amyloid A
set-point temps
 NDV- rubulavirus
(Paramyxoviridae). 5
Pathotypes- Viscerotropic
velogenic--> Acute and lethal
gross lesions of VVND =
with hemorrhage in GI tract.
subcutaneous and periocular edema,
Neurotropic velogenic-->
hemorrhagic and catarrhal tracheitis,
Conjunctiva: Conjunctivitis, acute, Neurologic and respiratory.
Newcastle Disease airsacculitis, necrohemorrhagic
16 Chicken focal, moderate, with necrotizing Mesogenic--> acute respiratory
Virus (Rubulavirus) enteritis, yolk peritonitis/ Histo=
vasculitis sometimes lethal in young
necrotizing vasculitis, thrombosis,
chicks. Lentogenic --> Mild or
lymphoid depletion, necrosuppurative
inapparent respiratory
encephalomyelitis.
infection. Asymptomatic-
enteric form manifests chiefly
as gut infections with
lentogenic viruses.

Paramyxovirus (Bovine PI-3,

Sendai virus (PI-1), Human PI-
1, 3), Rubulavirus (Avian
paramyxovirus-1(NDV), Simian
Paramyxoviridae- Pneumovirus (BRSV, Pneumonia virus
virus-5, Mumps, Human PI-2),
hemagglutinin/Neuraminidase (HN) of mice, Turkey rhinotracheitis virus,
Morbillivirus (Canine
and fusion protein (F) Human RSV)
Distemper virus, Rinderpest,
Peste des petits ruminants,
Dolphin morbillivirus, Phocine
distemper, Measles)

LGL are either cytotoxic T cell (CD8+

The spleen red pulp is CD3+), or NK cells (CD3-). Cytotoxic
expanded by large neoplastic granule proteins such as TIA-1,
round cells with scant amounts granzyme, and perforin are used as
Large granular Spleen: Sinusoidal large granular
of eosinophilic cytoplasm and markers. In humans LGL is thought to
5 17 Dog lymphocyte lymphocyte leukemia with lympoid
round to indented nuclei. Cells arise from apoptosis dysregulation due
leukemia atrophy of white pulp
were positive for CD3 and to abnormalities in the Fas/FasL
negative for CD79a and pathway. It is often associated with
lysozyme autoimmune disorders, Epstein BArr,
T-cell lymphotropic virus

Large bacterial colonies:

Liver: Abscesses, multifocal and
YAAACCSS: Actinomyces,
coalescing with myriad bacilli, and
Actinobacillus, The spiculated material is most
Arcanobacterium random portal hepatitis,
18 Goat Arcanobacterium, Clostridium, consistent with Splendore-Hoeppli
pyogenes neutrophilic and plasmacytic eith
Corynebacterium, material, but could be amyloid.
abundant eosinophilic spiculated
Staphylococcus,
material
Streptococcus
 Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
necrotizing, hemorrhagic and
neutrophilic, global, diffuse with
neutrophilic and plasmacytic
tubulointerstitial nephritis,
numerous fibrin thrombi, and
multifocal eosinophilic spiculated
material
Lung,Liver: Leukemia,
19 Guinea pig Cavian leukemia
lymphoblastic
Liver: Portal arteriolar hyperplasia
Congenital and venule hypoplasia, moderate
Portosystemic with lymphangiectasia,
20 Dog
shunt (Portal hepatocellular atrophy and fatty
hypoplasia) change, periportal and bridging
fibrosis and bile stasis
Heart: Myocarditis and epicarditis,
tick, sporozoites released from Histo: typical "onion skin cysts" within
Hepatozoon pyogranulomatous, multifocal, with
6 21 Dog
americanum numerous protozoal cysts and
merozoites
circulation where they undergo
Small Intestine: Enteritis, subacute
with villous blunting and fusion and
few sporozoites
Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
mesangioproliferative, global,
Renal allograft diffuse, with lymphoplasmacytic
22 Macaque
rejection interstitial nephritis and arteritis
with intimal fibromuscular
proliferation
Type C retrovirus particles found, but
Hepatic sinusoids were
not a definitive cause. This is a
expanded by a fairly
transmissible (transplantable)
monomorphic population of
neoplasm in ibred strains and hybrids.
round lymphoid cells, with
Guinea pig herpesvirus may also
tingible body macrophages.
contribute to the disease.
Calculi- Ammonium bi-urates,
urates- Erythrocytic
microcystosis is common.
Fasting and post-prandial bile
acids, increased ALT
(increased injury) ALP is
inducible, indicator of
cholestasis
Transmitted by Amblyomma
maculatum, dog ingests the
the tick oocysts penetrate the the muscle, meronts, and
intestine and go ti muscle via pyogranulomatous myositis
asexual reproduction.
Sporozoites are Sarcocystis,
dogs are the definitive host
Type II (antibody-mediated)
hypersensitivity- cell surface Type IV (cell mediated)
antigens (HLA in transplants)- hypersensitivity- 2 mechanisms: CD8+
Humoral rejection- in 2 forms- cytotoxicity, and CD4 TH1 delayed
Hyperacute (preformed hypersensitivty. Direct pathway-
antibodies to donor HLA), and CD8+ TCR recognize HLA on MHC
Acute (not previously 1(donor self ag) on Donor APC's or
sensitized)- Hyperacute occurs CD4+ cells recognize antigens on
immediately with circulating Donor APC MHC II and acitvate
antibodies reacting to graft macrophages. The Indirect pathway-
endothelium--> Thrombosis Recipient APC's take on donor Ag,
and vasculitis. Antibodies and Expresson MHCII --> CD4+-->
activate compliment and, Cell mediated and humoral immunity
ADCC (CD8- NK cells-Type (type II).
IV))
 Heart: Myocarditis,
lymphohistiocytic, multifocal, with
Canine Parvovirus-
23 Dog myocyte degeneration and
2
necrosis and basophilic
intranuclear inclusions
Rhinitis, conjunctivitis, otitis
media, exudate in tympanic
Streptococcus Lung: Bronchopneumonia, bullae, fibrinopurulent pleuritis, DDX: Corynebacyerium, Salmonella,
24 Rat
pneumonia necrotizing, suppurative peritonitis, pericarditis, Pseudomonas, Pasteurella
meningitis, localized
bronchopneumonia
Midbrain: Meningoencephalitis,
suppurative with bacterial
diplococci
late term abortions, stillbirths
Porcine
and respiratory disease in
Reproductive and Lung: Pneumonia,
younf pigs- related viruses virus replicates in alveolar
7 25 Pig Respiratory bronchointerstitial, with type II
include Equine Arteritis Virus, macrophages and glial cells
Syndrome pneumocyte hyperplasia
and Simian Hemorrhagic
(Arterivirus)
Fever

Bacteria: Mycoplasma
hyopneumoniae (porcine
enzootic pneumonia),
Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniaw (porcine
Porcine pneumonia: viral- Swine
pleuropneumonia), Parsites: Metastrongylus apri, Ascaris
Inlfuenza, PCV-2, Porcine
Haemophilus parasuis suum.
Respiratory Coronavirus
(Glassers dz), Pasteurella
multocids, Strep suis type II,
Mycobacterium avium, bovis,
and tuberculosis, Salmonella
cholersuis and typhisuis.

Tumorogenesis: Initiation-permanent
DDX: metastatic uterine
DNA mutations -non-lethal
adenocarcinoma. VX2
(irreversible) induced by
carcinoma was established
environmental carcinogens or viruses
from a carcinoma induced in a
(targets include growth promotors,
Stomach: Carcinoma with rabbit by the Shope
26 Rabbit VX2 Carcinoma tumor suppressor genes, and
intravascular emboli Papillomavirus- anaplastic
apoptosis genes, DNA repair genes.
carcinoma compoised of
And Promotion- enhance the
poorly differentiated
proliferation of initiated cells, and may
keratinocytes that do not
predispose to further mutation- do not
keratinize.
affect DNA directly and are reversible
 Eight determinants of
malignancy- self-sufficiency of
growth signals, insensitivity to
growth -inhibitory signals,
evasion of apoptosis, defects
in DNA repair, limitless
replicative potential, sustained
angiogenesis, invasion and
metastasis, and evadeing the
immune system.

lesions include hepatic

necrosis with suppuration,
necrotizing enteritis in the
Clostridium Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing,
27 Horse distal ileum and cecum
piliforme random with intrahepatocytic bacilli
(excepot in Rabbit where the
cecum and colon are targets,
and necrotizing myocarditis)

Lesions are most frequent in the

pancreaticoduodenal artery and
medium sized arteries of the
In Rats- Sprague Dawley and
mesentery, pancreas and testis.
Pancreas: Arteritis, histiocytic and Spontaneous Hypertensive
Polyarteritis Histologically there is thickening of the
28 Monkey lymphocytic, necrotizing with Rat Strains, and in rats with
nodosa tunica media and infiltration by
fibromuscular proliferation late stage chronic
monocytes (CD68+)and neutrophils.
nephropathy.
With Movats pentachrome the quantity
of intimal proliferation and disruption of
elastic laminae are noticeable.

Subendocardial myocardium
exhibits degeneration and
necrosis with fibrosis. Bases of
papillary muscles and innre Cause- idiopathic or associated with
Dilative Heart, myocardium: Degeneration, third of the myocardium of the hyperadrenocorticism. HCM and
8 29 Ferret
Cardiomyopathy necrosis with replacement fibrosis left ventricle are most severe. valvular diseases are common in older
Mild diffuse infiltration of ferrets.
macrophages, lymphocytes,
and plasma cells as well as
neutrophils

Piroplasms may be found in

erythrocytes in later stages or
persistently infected cats.
Brain, cerebrum, lung: Apicomplexan in the family
30 Cat Cytauxzoon felis Anemia, iceterus, fevers, hemorrhage
Intramonocytic schizonts Theileriidae. The natural
reservoir is the Bobcat. Ticks
are ingested or the cat is
innoculated by the tick
 Neuroendocrine pattern with
basal nuclei and vacuolated
cytoplasm, mitotic index is low.
Neoplastic cells release insulin
IHC Chromogranin A, Insulin.
inappropriately leading to
EM-Numerous polymorphic
31 Macaque Islet cell tumor Pancreas: Islet cell tumor (beta) hypoglycemia and neuroglycopenic
granules containing dense
siezures, weakness, dullness, and
rectangular crystalline core
abnormal behavior
separated from the limiting
membrane by a distinct halo
(beta cells)

delts- somatostatin, vasoactive

Alpha- glucagon enterochromaffin cells- serotonin
intestinal peptide

Mastadenovirus- CAV-1(ICH), CAV-2

Lung: Pneumonia,
bronchointerstitial, proliferative,
subacute, diffuse, with epithelial
32 Sheep Ovine adenovirus
and pneumocyte cytomegaly,
syncytia and basophilic
intranuclear inclusions
EM- virions in paracrystalline
arrays; syncytia and
Langahans cells are not
typical.
(ICTB), EqAV-1,2 (Mild except in CID
foals), BovAV-1,2,3,9,10 (Enzootic
pneumonia), OvAV-1,2 (Mild resp,
enteric), GoatAV-1,2 (mild resp ent),
PorAV-1,5 (Enteritis and encephalitis),
Guinea pigAV-1 (Pneumonitis),
MouseAV-1,2 (Enteritis and
encephalitis), SimianAV-1-25,
HumanAV -1-51

Aviadenovirus- FowlAV-1 Siadenovirus- FrogAV-1, Atadenovirus- OvAV-7 (mild resp, ent),

(Inclusion body hepatitis in TurkeyAV-3 (hemorrhagic BovAV-4-8 (Enzootic pna), Black tail
chickens), Fowl AV-4 enteritis), PheasantAV-1 deer AV-1 (Pulm edema, hemorrhage,
(Hydropericardium syndrome (Marble spleen dz in vasculitis), DuckAV-1 (Egg Drop
chickens), GooseAV-1-3 pheasants) Syndrome chickens)
Flavivirus- encephalitis in
humans, birds, horse, other Gross lesions- Birds- meningeal
West Nile Virus Colon: Colitis, histiocytic and mammals and reptiles. Dogs, hemorrhagem myocardial pale foci,
9 33 Alligator
(Flavivirus) heterophilic Rabbits, guinea pigs, splenomegaly, intestinal mucosal
hedgehogs and sheep do not hemorrhage, white foci in kidneys.
develop encephalitis

Histo- Birds- hemorrhage in cerebellar

foli with degeneration and necrosis of
Horses- Neurotropism
the cerebellar molecular layer and
(brainstem).
purkinje cells. Lymphoplasmacytic
Polioencephalomyelitis
meningoencephalitis, necrotizing
myocarditis, and enterocolitis

Avian Brain: Encephalitis

encephalomyelitis lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal with EM- Virions in crystalline DDX: END (peripheral chromatolysis),
34 Chicken virus gliosis neuronal degeneration, arraye of 22-25 nm in purkinje WEE, Rickets, Encephalomalacia and
(Picornaviridae- necrosis and pancreatic lymphoid cells riboflavin deficiency
hepatovirus) infiltrates
 Picornavirus: Aphthovirus (FMD),
Enterovirus (SVDV), Porcine
enterovirus-1 {Polioencephalomyelitis-
AEV- Central chromatolysis
teschen}, Avian enteroviruses {Avian
and dense lymphocytic
encephalomyelitis, hepatitis},
infiltrates in the muscle of the
Coxsackievirus {Meningitis,
proventriculus, ventriculus,
myocarditis, poliomyelitis}, Rhinovirus
myocardium and pancreas
(Bovine and human), Hepatovirus
(Simian hepatitis A, and Human
Hepatitis A)

Cardiovirus-
Encephalomyocarditis virus
(elephants swine), Theilers
murine encephalomyelitis virus

AL: Plasma cells, Ig light

Kidney: Amyloidosis, glomerular, chains (complete or AA: from Serum Amyloid A, acute
35 Dog Amyloidosis diffuse, global, and interstitial with fragments). Seen with multiple phase protein from liver, chronic
tubular proteinosis myeloma or other immunocyte inflammatory conditions,
dyscrasia
Nephritis, interstitial,
AB: Beta amyloid- Alzheimers, IAAP- Islet associated amyloid
lymphoplasmacytic/ Pelvic vein
cerebral plaques peptide- Pancreas- Type II diabetes
thrombosis with mineralization
Prion diseases:
Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
histiocytic with many adult and
larval metastrongyles, bronchiolar Pulmonary inflammation Smooth muscle hyperplasia is
Didelphostrongylus
36 Opossum mucus cell hyperplasia, associated with free larvae, not prominent (reminiscent of cats with
hayesi
atelectasis, bronchiolar and adults. aleurostrongylus abstrusus)
alveolar smooth muscle
hypertrophy
Normal fetal bone Circumferential lamellar,
10 37 Ox (plexiform cortical Normal appositional growth simple primary osteonal, Laminar- circumferential lamellae
bone) plexiform, and saltatory

Plexiform- multiple widely

spaces lamina of periosteal
woven bone. The spaces in
Primary Osteonal- anastomosing between fill in with compact In calves the compaction of the
vascular haversian canals lamellar bone- In the Horse, plexiform bone are oriented parallel
surrounded by concentric lamellae compaction can form osteons with the convex surface of the bone
forming Haversian systems (saltatory formation) with the without the formation of osteons
orientation of the osteon and
its vessels being perpendicular
to the long axis of the bone
 Salmonellosis in birds: 2-3
weeks old/ Pullorum disease=
Bone: Osteomyelitis,
S pullorum, and Fowl
granulomatous and heterophilic,
Typhoid= S. gallinarum:
multifocal, marked with medullary Serotypes classified based on somatic
Salmonella Lesions are splenomegaly,
38 Heron bone sequestrum, trabecular (O), capsular (Vi), and flagellar (H)
typhimurium hepatomegaly, and caseous
resorption, periosteal new bone antigens
material in yolk sacs, arthritis,
formation, and colones of
pericarditis, hydropericardium.
coccobacilli
The most common Salmonella
from waterfowl is typhimurium

Cholerasuis-Septicemia,
button ulcers/ Dublin-fibrinous typhimurium- fibrinonecrotic
Tendons: Tenosynovitis, chronic
cholecystitis in Ox and Sheep/ enterocolitis in pigs, horse, ruminants/
active, proliferative
Enteritidis- enterocolitis in septicemia in foals and calves, lambs
sheep and primates, rodents

Calcium deficient- disorganization and

Long bone- failure of endochondral Rickets: Birds- Calcium, thickening of physis with small zone of
ossification and retained phosphorus, Vit D deficiency/ hypertrophy. Bone marrow often has
39 Heron Rickets
cartilaginous cores with increased as well as excess calcium and fibrous tissue and osteoclasts are
osteoid seams/ fracture w/ callus phosphorus abundant. Parathyroid gland
hyperplasia

Phosphorus deficiency- Large

zone of hypertrophy with
defective mineralization of Vitamin D rickets- lengthening and
hypertrophic cartilage and disorganization of the proliferating
wide unmineralized osteoid zone and variable lenghtening and
seams extending into the dysplasia of the mineralizing zone.
primary spongiosa. The primary spongiosa is short thick
Osteoclasts are reduced, ands cartilgae columns. Parathyroid gland
osteoblasts are increased. hyperplasia.
Often parathyroid gland
atrophy.

Domestic animal rickets- Vit D

Thickening of physis, disorganization,
or Phosphorus deficiency,
failure of mineralization of the cartilage
chronic renal disease, or
and osteoid.
fluorosis
 Pathogenesis: Rheumatoid factors
(IgG, IgM), are produced in response
to unknown stimulus. Immune
complexes form with unknown
Paw, bones and joints: Polyarthritis antigens, ingested by neutrophils that
Polyarthritis, Collagen Induced Arthritis and
and osteomyelitis with cartilage release lysosomal enzymes which
osteomyelitis Adjuvant Induced Arthritis=
40 Mouse erosion, subchondral pannus, destroy articular cartilage and reduce
(Rheumatoid Models mimicking Rheumatois
cortical resorption, periosteal proteoglycan production. Loss of
arthritis) Arthritis
fibroplasia, reactive bone formation proteoglycans increases mechanical
trauma to cartilage, dying
chondrocytes activate MMP's
(gelatinases, collagenases) result in
digestion of the cartilage.

Non-erosive- SLE, Type III

Erosive arthritis- Rhematoid,
bacterial
hypersensitivy from pyometra, otitis
externa. Also have synovitis and
glomerulonephritis. There is minimal
villous hypertrohpy and pannus
formation, no atricular cartilage
destruction even though there are
neutrophils in the synovial fluid.

Tritrichomonas foetus- 3
Cecum: Typhlitis, necrotizing,
anterior flagella, 1 posterior Cats- large bowel diarrhea and
histiocytic, neutrophhilic, and
Tritrichomonas flagellum, an undulating ulceration of the colon. Same
11 41 Cat lymphoplasmacytic, transmural,
fetus membrane, and single organism that causes reproductive
with granulation tissue and myriad
nucleus, stout axostyle, and failure in cattle
protozoa
stout costa.

Bovine- genital
trichomoniasis-->
balanoposthitis, purulent.
Vaginitis, endometritis,
cervicitis, abortion, pyometra,
placentitis-white to yellow
flocculent exudate, placental
thickening, and hemorrhagic
cotyledons

Variant of polypoid cystitis in

which eosinophils are the
predominant component. --
hyperplastic, ulcerated Synonyms: fibroma, fibrous polyp,
transitional epithelium, a eosinophilic cystitis, polypoid
Polypoid Urinary bladder: Polypoid cystitis,
42 Dog nodule of fibrous connective eosinophilic cystitis, cystitis with
eosinophilic cystitis eosinophilic
tissue confined to the fibroplasia, and mesenchymal tumor
propria/submucosa, with inflammation.
vascularity, eosinophils,
granulopoiesis, cystitis
glandularis and Brunns nest
 Dietary copper- Absorbed from the
Primary copper toxicosis-
Liver: Cirrhosis- Multifocal proximal SI via carrier mediated
inherited metabolic disorder.
necrosis, nodular regeneration, transport. Bound to metallothioneins
Secondary copper toxicosis
fibrosis, biliary hyperplasia, in intestinal epithelium. To portal
results from an underlying
43 Ferret Copper toxicosis canalicular cholestasis, lipidosis, circulation bound to albumin and other
pathologic process that leads
EMH, and eosinophilic refractile proteins -->liver and some to kidney.
to an abnormally high intake,
hepatocellular cytoplasmic In liver copper is used or excreted.
increased absorption, or
granules ATP7B is needed for incorporation into
reduced excretion of copper
ceruloplasmin and biliary excretion.

Copper storage disease-

Secondary Copper toxicosis- copper
Wilsons dz in humans (liver,
retention secondary to cirrhosis in
cornea, brain- deficiency in
humans, chronic active hapatitis in
ATP7B, a copper transporting
Doberman pinschers- copper
ATPase), Long Evans
accumulates in portal areas. Skye
Cinnamon rats (LEC) and
terrier hepatitis- intracanalicular
Toxic Milk Mice (animal
cholestasis with copper accumulation,
models of Wilsons dz),
hepatocellular degeneration and
Bedlington Terriers (MURR1
cirrhosis (centrilobular accumulation)
gene), Unknown in WHWT

apocrine glands- epitrichial or

Eccrine carcinoma (atrichial)-
paratrichial- Differentiation of eccrine
independent of the hair follicle.
carcinoma from apocrine acrcinoma-
Ducts open directly onto the
Eccrine- secretory coil- single layer,
epithelium in merocrine type or
44 Dog Adenocarcinoma Foot Pad- Adenocarcinoma and ductular segment- 2 layers of
other type of secretion. Found
nonsecretory cells. Carcinoembryonic
in glabrous skin (footpads) ,
antigen is present in both the ductular
frog, carpus of pigs, nasolabial
and secretory portions in eccrine
region of ruminants.
carcinoma.

Paraquat- herbicide- Alveolar

capillary endothelium is
spared, toxic to type 1 and 2
pneumocytes. Toxin is actively
Lung: Interstitial pneumonia,
taken in by cells, and causes
hemorrhagic with type II
12 45 Dog Paraquat toxicity cyclic oxidation-reduction
pneumocyte hyperplasia and
generating large amounts of
interstitial fibrosis
free radicals including
superoxide, hydrogen
peroxide, and hydroxyl
radicals.

Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial

lymphoplasmacytic with glomerular
sclerosis

Cattle hepatotoxins- Blue-

Liver: Hepatocellular degeneration green algae, Cestrum spp Chronic hepatotoxins- aflatoxins,
46 Ox Cestrum sp toxicity and necrosis, centrilobular and (atractylosides) (C diurnum pyrrolizidine alkaloids, sporidesmin,
midzonal causes calcinosis), cocklebur, lantana, nitrosamines,
poison peach, sawfly larvae
 Oxalates- Alizarin Red S (+ red at 7.0
kidney: Tubular degeneration, Oxalates- Fungi, ethylene
Oxalosis/ but neg at 4.2), Insoluble with 2M
necrosis, and regeneration with glycol metabolites, Halogeton,
47 Dog melamine cyanuric acetic acid// CaPo4, CaCo3 both +
interstitial fibrosis and Sarcobatus, Rheum, Oxalis,
acid with Alizarin red at 4.2 and 7.0 and
mineralization with crystals Rumex::
soluble with acetic acid

(ethylene glycol-->
glycoaldehyde--> glycoxylate Melamine/cyanurate- Oil Red O + at
--:> oxalate, glycine, and 72 hrs, Alizarin Red Negative at 4.2,
formate). As water is Von Kossa Negative, IR spectroscopy
reabsorbed from renal tubules different.
calcium oxalate precipitates

Bracken fern 1) Acute high dose Bracken

2) Chronic low dose toxicity:
associated fern: Bone marrow aplasia,
48 Ox Rumen: Squamous cell carcinoma Intermittent hematuria-enzootic
squamous cell thrombocytopenia,
hematuria and is related to neoplasi
carcinoma neutropenia
3) Squamous cell carcinoma of
Other Bracken fern diseases- Bright
the upper GI tract- base of the
blindness in horses and pigs,
tongue, esophagus, cardia and
Thiamine deficiency
rumen
BPV-1: UB tumors, BPV-4:
Upper GI tumors, benign and
malignant with Quercetin
synergism

Cell mechanisms of
Ultrastructure of acute doxorubicin
anthracyclines- vasoactive,
toxicity- numerous vacuoles,
Heart: Myocardial vacuolar cytotoxic effects of local free
mitochondria (onion ring shaped
13 49 Rabbit Adriomycin toxicity degeneration, necrosis, and loss radicals, inhibition of nucleic
cristae), swollen sarcoplasmic
with multifocal fibrosis acid synthesis and protein
reticulum, myofibrillar loss, separation
synthesis, disturbed calcium
of intercalated discs.
metabolism in cardiomyocytes

Plants- Cardiac glycosides, Lantana

Ionophores- Monensin,
Bone Marrow: Hypocellularity
Lasalocid
camara, Gossypol, Cassia
occidentalis, Hairy vetch, Calcinogenic
plants, Vitamin E selenium deficiency,
cantharadin

Testes: Degeneration and atrophy

Tropism for endothelium, Recovering dogs will develop an

Infectious canine Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing,
mesothelium, hepatocytes, immune complex uveitis (Type III)
50 dog hepatitis (Canine centrilobular with intranuclear
macrophages; Gall bladder resulting in unilateral or bilateral
Adenovirus -1) inclusion bodies
edema corneal adema
 Trypanosoma theileri-
Phylum Sarcomastigophora-->
class Zoomastigophorrea-- 30-35um protozoa with tapering ends,
Peripheral blood smear:
Trypanosoma > order Kinetoplastida --> undulating membrane with a flagellum,
51 Ox Trypomastigotes and relative
theileri family central nucleus and large marginal
lymphocytosis
Trypanomastidae --> kinetoplast
genus trypanosoma-->
subgenus megatrypanum
Experimental infection with BLV,
Bovine leukemia
expansion of CD5+ and IgM + B
virus
lymphocytes

Transitional cell Urinary bladder: Transitional cell

52 Dog
carcinoma carcinoma, papillary and infiltrating

Bone, metaphysis: Osteomyelitis Clinical manifestation of

amastigotes are 2-4um round to oval
and periostitis, plasmacytic and Visceral leishmaniasis-->
with clear cytoplasm and a kinetoplast
histiocytic with reactive bone chronic, cachexia, cutaneous
14 53 Dog Leishmania spp perpendicular to the nucleus. The
formation, periosteal fibroplasia lesions, hepatomegaly,
kinetoplast is a specialized
and myriad intrahistiocytic splenomegaly,
mitochondia.
amastigotes lymphadenopathy, joint lesions

Leishmania infantum-
Foxhounds in US: Th1--> IFNy
--> activates Macrophages and
DDX: Histoplasma capsulatum,
kills parasites. Th2 --> IL-4, IL-
Sporothrix schenckii, Trypanosoma
10 and IL-13 which inhibit the
cruzi (in muscle/parallel
activation of macrophages and
kinetoplast), Toxoplasma gondii
stimulate immunoglobin
production which may result in
immune complex deposition

Also causes ulcerative

enteritis. There are virulent
and avirulent strains. Virulent
Rhodococcus equi Lung: Bronchopneumonia, strains have VAP (virulence
(gram Pos pyogranulomatous, multifocal, associated plasmid). Lymphadenitis in swine, sheep, cattle,
54 Foal
facultative severe, with myriad intrahistiocytic Pyogranulomatous pneumonia llamas, and cats
intracellular) coccobacilli often appears with
abscessation, lymphadenitis,
and less commonly
osteomyelitis.

Skeletal muscle: Myocyte
degeneration and necrosis,
Muscular multifocal, moderate, with
55 Dog
dystrophy regeneration, variation in fiber size, (proximal myotonic myopathy),
satellite cell proliferation, and
endomysial fibrosis
DM1 (type 1- loss of Chloride
channel from membrane
surface due to improper
Cardiac conduction abnormalities,
splicing, leading to
cataracts, diabetes, testicular failure,
hyperexcitabliity), and DM2
and hypogammaglobulinemia; Goat
myotonia- chloride channel reduced
central nuclei, angular atrophic
conductance and hyperexcitabliity
fibers, hypertrophic fibers,
necrotic fibers, fibrosis, and
deposition of adipose tissue.

CIC-1 (chloride channel- fainting goat,

Muscular dystrophies-(X-linked,
autosomal MD, and myotonic
dystrophy)
miniature schnauzer);; X-linked
Myotonia- sustained
Duchenne MD (Dystrophin defect-
involuntary contraction of a
dystrophin connects the contractile
group of muscles
proteins to the ECM);; Felines have
duchenne with muscular hypertrophy

Acute BVD Diarrhea: NCP in

immunocompetent 6 months to
Rumen: Rumenitis, erosive, CP Transplacental infections-
Bovine Viral 2 years; Before 100-125 days
multifocal, subacute, with singel Between 50-100 days (death
56 Ox Diarrhea Virus (immunotolerance and PI);
cell necrosis, and hydropic abortion), Between 100-150
(Pestivirus) After 150-200 days
degeneration of epithelial cells (congenital defects)
(Immunocompetent, have
antibodies, unthrifty)

DDX: Rinderpest (Morbillivirus)-

Persistent infections: NCP in utero
(before 125 days) -->
immunotolerance--> CP infection/ Chronic MD--> alopecia and
mutation in NCP --> erosions of hyperkeratosis (neck), chronic
oral and nasal mucosa.
Esophagus, rumen, abomasum,
omasum, cecum, colon, interdigital
cleft
Intranuclear/intracytoplasmic inclusion
bodies, syncytia; Malignant catarrhal
fever (Herpesviridae-alpha)
conjunctivitis with corneal edema,
lymphoblastic necrotizing vasculitis;
IBR BHV-1, alpha-epithelial necrosis
erosive lesions in mouth and
and INIB; ORAL LESIONS only- FMD
skin, hooves, and horns.
(Picornaviridae-aphthovirus), VS
(Rhabdoviridae, Vesiculovirus),
Bluetongue (Reoviridae-Orbivirus);
Bovine Papular stomatitis
(Parapoxvirus); Necrobacillosis-

Neospora- Tachyzoites, tissue cysts,

Brainstem and cerebrum:
Meningoencephalitis,
lymphoplasmacytic and
15 57 Dog Neospora caninum
eosinophilic, multifocal, moderate
with protozoal cysts and
tachyzoites
and oocysts. Tachyzoites are 6 x 2
um, cysts are oval upt o 107 um
IHC negative for Toxoplasma. (CNS), Tissue cysts have thick 4um
N caninum does not develop wall and enclose 8 x 2 um
within a parasitophorus Bradyzoites, Dogs shed unsporulated
vacuole (Toxoplasma does), oocysts, and once outside sporulate.
Ingested sporocysts spread to many
tissues and encyst as bradyzoites in
tissue cysts
 Haired skin: dermatitis,
proliferative, lymphoplasmacytic
and neutrophilic with
Contagious
hyperkeratosis, intracorneal
58 Goat ecthyma (Ovine
pustules, epidermal intracellular
parapoxvirus)
edema, and epidermal
intracytoplasmic eosinophilic
inclusion bodies
comparative: Bovine parapoxvirus
Sheep and goats, transmitted
(Bovine papular stomatitis- mouth and
through fomites, zoonotic, oral,
esophagus, and pseudocowpox- teats
teat and eyelids, and feet
and milkers nodules).

canine fucosidosis is a
lysosomal storage disease
affecting English Springer
Males may be infertile, onset of 6
Spaniels. Mutation
months, and is progressice, individuals
(frameshift) of canine
Ganglion: Vacuolar change, don’t survive beyond 4 years.
fucosidase gene. The enzyme
59 Dog Fucosidosis neuronal, with multifocal Vacuoles are large single and displace
is present normally in plasma,
lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis the Nissle substance. Some are
leukocytes, and other tissues,
empty and contain fine floccular
resulting in defective
material.
degradation o fwater soluble
glycoproteins, containing
fucose.

Lysosomal enzymes (acid

hydrolases) are synthesized in
the endoplasmic reticulum and
then uniquely processed in the
Lysosomal storage diseases results in
golgi apparatus -->
accumulation of partially degraded
modification (address label-
insoluble metabolites.
terminal mannose-6-
phosphate) --> bind to inner
golgi membrane --> segregate
to lysosomes

Storage Diseases Disease Enzyme Deficiency Accumulating Metabolites

Glycogenosis Type 2- Pompe Disease
Sphingolipidoses GM1 gangliosidosis
GM2 gangliosidosis
Tay-Sachs disease,
Sandhoff disease
Variant AB Ganglioside activator protein
alpha-1,4 glucosidase
GM1 ganglioside B-
galactosidase
Hexosaminidase-alpha
subunit
Hexosaminidase-beta
subunit
Glycogen
GM1 ganglioside, Galactose-
containing oligosaccharides
GM2 ganglioside
GM2 ganglioside, globoside
BM2 ganglioside

Sulfatidoses Metachromatic leukodystrophy Arylsulfatase A Sulfatide

Krabbe disease (Globoid cell
Galactosylceramidase Galactocerebroside
leukodystrophy)
Gaucher disease Glucocerebrosidase Glucocerebroside
Miemann-pick disease Sphingomyelinase Sphingomyelin
Mucopolysacchar
MPH I H (Hurler) alpha-L-iduronidase Dermatan sulfate, heparin sulfate
idoses (MPS)
 MPH II (Hunter) L-iduronosulfate sulfatase
Deficiency of
phosphorylating enzymes
Mucolipidoses
I-cell disease (ML II) essential for the formation of Mucopolysaccharide, glycolipid
(ML)
mannose-6-phosphate
recognistion marker
Other diseases of
Fucose-containing sphingolipids
complex Fucosidosis Alpha-fucosidase
and glycoprotein fragments
Carbohydrates
mannose-containing
Mannosidosis alpha-mannosidase
oligosaccharides
mannose-containing
beta-mannosidase
oligosaccharides

Other Lysosomal
Wolman disease Acid lipase Cholesterol esters, triglycerides
Storage Disease

Neuronal Ceroid-lipofuscinosis Unknown unknown

ddx: Xanthomatous
meningioma- mesoderm and
neural crest contribute to the
formation of the meninges.
Most are meningothelial or
psammomatous and many
AFIP interpreted the lesion in the
Cholesterol Brain, cerebrum, and meninges: have cholesterol depostis.
60 Cat submitted sections as cholesterol
granuloma Cholesterol granuloma The xanthomatous change is
granuloma
often the result of lipid
accumulation in meningeal
cells, rather than by infiltration
by macrophages (lipid laden).
Meningioma cells positive with
S100, PAS, and cytokeratin
 ddx: 1) Adenocarcinoma-
cotton top tamarin-colitis -->
adenocarcinoma, 2)
Retroperitoneal fibromatosis-
young animals, aggressive Speculations on pathogenesis: 1)
proliferation of highly vascular Regurgitation theory- retrograde
fibrous connective tissue, menstruation or reflux of endometrial
ileocecal junction, associated tissue through fallopian tubes, with
with Gammaherpesvirus subsequent implantation and
(RFHV) and Oncovirus Simian proliferation of viable endometrial
16 61 Macaque Endometriosis Colon; mesentery: Endometriosis
Type D retrovirus (SRV-2) fragments in abdomen; 2) Metaplastic
which induces both theory- Endometrial tissue arises
retroperitoneal fibromatosis directly from coelomic epithelium; 3)
and SAIDS- histologically there Vascular or lymphatic dissemination
are proliferating fibroblasts theory- explains presence of lesions in
arranged in ill defined bundles the lungs and lymph nodes
with occasionally interweaving
patterns within a disorganized
matrix of collagen and
reticulum fibers.

Secondary:
strictures causing
weight loss, Most commonly in the pelvic Microscopic lesions- variably sized foci
resulting from cavity, grossly lesions are soft, of normal uterine glands surrounded
Endometriosis- normal endometrial
chronic red to brown or white tissue by typical endometrial stroma,
glands and stroma occur in
hemorrhage and adherent to the serosa of the scattered bands of fibrous tissue.
abnormal locations outside the
menstruation of the pelvic organs. Common sites Require 2 of 3 to be present: 1)
uterine cavity. (choristoma)
ectopic include ovaries, uterine tubes, endometrial glands, 2) endometrial
endometrium, with urinary bladder, the bowels. stroma, 3) hemosiderin pigment
abdominal
adhesions.
 Dermis- 0.5 to 1 mm diameter
protozoal cysts within greatly
distended and flattened
fibroblasts (Vim +, SMA -),
cysts have 25um thick hyaline
internal capsule and are
Haired skin: Dermatitis, chronic engorged by hundreds of Moderate perivascular interstitial
Besnoitia sp active and eosinophilic with fusiform bradyzoites, 8-9 um lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma
62 Donkey
(besnoitia benneti) moderate intradermal protozoal long and 1-2 um wide. There cells and eosinophils.- Speculated
cysts are variable numbers of transmitted by biting insects
macrophages around the
intact cysts and larger
numbers of macrophages
mixed with lymphocytes and
lesser numbers of plasma cells
surrounded by ruptures cysts

Sarcocystidae- Toxoplasma,
Sarcocystis, Neospora,
Hammondia, Cystisospora,
Frenkelia, Atoxoplasma, Besnoitia

Pathogenesis: M cell invasion/

attachment to mucosal epithelial
cells--> phagocytosis --> hemolysin -->
Shigella- gram negative, non- release of organism into cytoplasm -->
motile, aerobic, facultative migrate along actin filaments// Shiga
Shigella sp-
Colon: colitis, necrotizing, anaerobic bacilli in toxin release during host cell lysis-->
African Green flexneri,
63 subacute with fibrinohemorrhagic Enterobacteriaciae. Non- stops host cell protein synthesis
Monkey dysenteriae,
pseudomembrane enteric Shigella infections- (inactivate the 60S ribosomal subunit-
boydii, sonnei
gingivitis, air sacculitis, and similar to Ricin toxin). Toxins can also
abortion induce apoptosis, LPS mediated
release of IL-1, TNF a, leading to
vascular damage leasing to renal
failure (Hemolytic uremic syndrome)

Ochroconis Kidney and liver: Fubgal hyphae are 2-4 um,

gallopava- Pyogranulomatous nephritis and septate, non-parallel, acute
64 Dog
phaeohyphomycos hepatitis with necrosis, and and dichotomous branching,
is vasculitis and dematiaceous fungi and yeastlike swellings
 Rhipicephalus sanguineous-->
E canis --> monocytes,
lymphocytes, and neutrophils--
> endothelial invasion -->
vasculitis--> chronic infection
Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
--> pancytopenia, plasma cells German Shepherd--> severe
65 Ehrlichia canis membranous, global with multifcoal
within bone marrow/ Other hemorrhagic disorder
plasmacytic interstitial nephritis
conditions: Perivascular
plasma cells, non-suppurative
meningoencephalitis,
interstitial pneumonia,
glomerulonephritis

Pericardial effusion with

widespread petechia and
Elephant
Liver: Hepatocellular degeneratrion ecchymoses, lymphohistiocytic
Endotheliotropic ddx: Encephaloomyocarditis virus,
and necrosis, centrilobular, diffuse, infiltrates throughout the heart
17 66 Elephant herpesvirus orbivirus, salmonellosis, vitamin E
with endothelial cell eosinophilic and tongue. Amphophilic to
(Elephant deficiency, other bacterial septicemia
intrnuclear inclusion bodies basophilic intranuclear
Herpesvirus- 1,3)
inclusions in endothelial
capillaries

Endotheliotropic viruses--> Equine Viral Ateritis Virus, Equine

Hendra Virus, Equine Orbivirus (AHS), Cervid orbivirus (EHD),
Ovine Orbivirus (Bluetongue), Hamster parvovirus, Rat parvovirus
(Kilham rat virus), Canine adenovirus type 1 (infectious canine
hepatitis), Porcine adenovirus, bovine adenovirus, and adenovirus
of deer

Sarcoma Skeletal muscle, heart, kidney: Vimentin, Desmin, Actin,

67 Bison (Rhabdomyosarco Sarcoma (rhabdomyosarcoma) in Myoglobin, PTAH, = Striated
ma) a bison muscle

Eggs ingested --> L2

Pancreas: Pancreatitis,
intestine--> hepatic portal
neutrophilic and eosinophilic with
system --> L3 molt --> Lung
vasculitis, fibrinous peritonitis, Coelomyarian, uninucleate intestinal
and molt to L4 --> swallowed
68 Pig Ascaris suum necrotizing steatitis, focal mural epithelium, thick shelled eggs in
and develop into adults. Milk
duodenitis, pancreativ duct coelom
spots from migration of L3
ectasia. Ulceration, intrluminal
through liver. Stongylus
adult ascarid.
equinus (horse) --> diabetes
Group Body cavity GI tract Striated muscle Special features
Calcareous corpuscles, scolex,
Cestode -- -- --
tegument
Suckers, tegument, blind ceca, yolk
Trematode -- + --
gland, hermaphroditic
Hypodermis, lemniscus, two muscle
Acanthocephalan + -- --
layers, proboscis
Nematode + + -- cuticle, musculature
 Chitinized exoskeleton, jointed
Arthropod + + +
appendages, tracheal tubes
Chitinized exoskeleton, digestive
Pentastomes + + +
glands, sclerotized openings
Hypodermal bands (with associated nuclei), Single Genital tract; esophageal glands that form a
Nematodes Aphasmids
stichosome; No lateral chords
Holomyarian musculature, hypodermal
Tichuris bipolar plugged eggs
bacillary bands,
Eustrongyloides operculated eggs
Dioctophyma operculated eggs
Phasmids At least 2 reproductive tracts; Lateral chords
rhabditoid esophagus with Platymyarian muscles; uninucleate
Rhabditoids and Oxyurids
corpus isthmus and bulb intestinal cells

paired genital tract, uninucleate

Strongyloides eggs, most embryonated; Females
only in disease

In lung of host, Intestines have

black/yellow pigment, lateral chords
Rhabdias
are vacuolated, females contain
developing larvae in uteri

Pelodera
Halicephalobus Single reproductive tract
Thin cuticle, lateral alae in most;
Oxyuris
thick shelled oblong eggs
cuticle, occasionally ridged, intestine composed of a few
Strongyles
multinucleated cells and a prominent brush border
Platymyarian, chitinized buccal cavty,
thick smooth cuticle, eggs thin
True Stongyles
shelled with orula (syngamus have
thick shells)

Platymyarian, Thin cuticle,

Trichostrongyles Longitudinal ridges in cuticle, eggs
are thin shelled and contain a morula

Coelomyarian, smooth external

cuticle, accessory hypodermal
Metastrongyles
chords, L1 in tissue of host; thick
shelled eggs

all adult females produce thick Coelomyarian, Eosinophilic fluid in

Spirurids shelled (except draschia and pseudocoelom; cuticle with spines,
thelazia), embyonated eggs plaques or ridges

Coelomyarian; cuticular ridges, lateral

small and produce distinctive
internal ridges; lateral chords are small
larvae called microfilariae or
Filarids replaced by hypodermal tissue
thick shelled embryonated
(blocky lateral chords), very small
eggs in utero
intestine
 Lateral alae, Coelomyarian,
Larval lateral chords may fill
Ascarids
the pseudocoelom, eggs with
uninucleate zygote
Thick Body wall
Muscles like doughnuts,
Acanthocephala with channel pseudocoelom, no GI tract eggas have 3 layered shells
proboscis with hooks
system

3 clinical manifestations: often a

Lung: Pneumonia, necrotizing,
69 Deer Yersinia pestis suppurative with vasculitis and
large bacterial colonies
Kidney: Nephritis, necrotizing,
suppurative, with vasculitis and
large bacterial colonies
continuum from bubonic
vasculitis not explained
(lymphadenomegaly), pneumonic
(from inhalation), septicemic
Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial,
lymphoplasmacytic with
mineralization

Superfiical necrolytic dermatitis

Paraneoplastic syndrome, occurrring
Skin, footpad: Superficial (hepatocutaneous syndrome):
Superficial with glucgon secreting tumors, or
dermatitis with basal epidermial Skinlesions- basal hyperplasia,
18 70 Dog necrolytic more commonly hepatopathy. Dogs
hyperplasia, epidermal pallor, and epidermal pallor, and
dermatitis are hyperglycemic and
parakeratotic hyperkeratosis parakeratotic hyperkeratosis,
hypoaminoacidemic
and severe liver disease

Liver: Severe lobular collapse with

nodular regeneration, vacuolar
hepatopathy, mild portal fibrosis,
and bile duct proliferation, and
marked canalicular bile stasis

Haired skin: Hyperplasia,

Equine molluscum epidermal, focal, marked with large Mulloscipoxvirus (equivalent or
71 Horse contagiosum eosinophilic intracytoplasmic related to human Molluscum
(Molluscipoxvirus) inclusion bodies (molluscum Contagiosum virus).
bodies)

Haired skin and subcutis:
Dermatitis and vasculitis,
72 Dog Toxoplasma gondii
necrotizing, with intra- and
extracellular tachyzoites
Intracellular 1-2 um
Neospora reacts with T gondii
organinsms in fibroblasts,
antibodies (weakly), but they differ
follicular and epidermal
ultrastructurally. A toxoplasma like
keratinocytes, sebocytes,
organism forms schizont-like
apocrine ductular epithelium,
organisms with a residual body, and
endothelium, macrophages,
rhoptries are several and electron
adipocytes, myocytes and
dense
erector pili muscles

Haired skin: Dermatitis,

hyperplastic, with epidermal and Inclusions found in several cell
follicular keratinocyte ballooning types, epithelial and
73 Sheep Sheep pox virus
degeneration with eosinophilic mesenchymal, and
intracytoplasmic inclusions and macrophages
sheeppox cells
Genus Virus Major hosts Geographic Distribution
Orthopoxvirus Variola virus (smallpox) Humans Eradicated globally
 Numerous: Humans, cattle,
Vaccinia virus worldwide
buffalo, swine, rabbits

Numerous: Cattle, humans,

rats, cats, gerbils, large
Cowpox Europe, asia
felids, elephants,
rhinoceros, okapi

Camelpox virus Camels Asia, Africa

Ectromelia (Mousepox) Mice, voles Europe, asia
Numerous: Squirrels,
Monkeypox monkey, anteaters, great Western and central america
apes, humans
Horses- Neurotropism
Uasin Gushi Disease Virus (brainstem). Eastern Africa
Polioencephalomyelitis
Tatera poxvirus Gerbils Western Africa
Raccoon poxvirus Raccoons North America
Vole poxvirus Voles California
Seal poxvirus Grey seals North Sea
Capripoxvirus Sheeppox virus Sheep, goats Africa, Asia
Goatpox virus Goats, sheep Africa, asia
Lumpy skin disease virus Cattle, Cape Buffalo Africa
Suipoxvirus Swinepox virus Swine Worldwide
Rabbits (Orytolagus, and
Leporipoxvirus Myxoma virus Americas, Europe, Australia
Sylvilagus)
Rabbit (shope) fibroma virus Rabbits (Oryctolagus and
Americas, Europe, Australia
(Fibromatosis) Sylvilagus)
Gray Squirrels, and
Squirrel Fibroma Eastern US
woodchucks
Hare fibroma European hares Europe
Humans, horses,
Molluscipoxvirus Molluscum contagiosum virus Worldwide
Chimpanzees, kangaroos
Yatapoxvirus Yabapox virus Monkeys, humans West Africa
Tanapox virus Monkey, Humans West Africa
Avipoxvirus Fowlpoxvirus Chickens, turkerys, others Worldwide
Ovine Parapoxvirus (contagious
Parapoxvirus sheep, goats, humans (ORF) worldwide
ecthyma)
Pseudocowpox Cattle, humans worldwide
Bovine Papular stomatitis
Cattle, humans worldwide
(Bovine parapoxvirus)
Auzdyk virus Camels Africa, Asia
Seal parapoxvirus seals, humans
Cervidpoxvirus Deerpox Ungulates NA
Lung: Pneumonia,
Also, bronchitis and
bronchointerstitial, acute,
BRSV peribronchitis, viral antigen is
multifocal, moderate, necrotizing virus lacks neuraminidase, attach via
19 74 Calf (Paramyxoviridae, found in respiratory epithelium,
bronchitis and bronchiolitis, with membrane glycoprotein G
pneumovirinae) and type 1 and 2 pneumocytes
syncytia, and intracytoplasmic
and sometimes macrophages
eosinophilic inclusion bodies
 Heart: Myocarditis and epicarditis,
suppurative, perivascular and
Haemophilus ddx: Salmomnella, E coli,
random with vasculitis, thrombi, vasculitis is a hallmark, but
75 Ox somnus Erysipelothrix, Clostridium
myocardial degeneration and pathogenesis in poorly understood
(Histophilus somni) Chauvoei
necrosis, and colonies of
coccobacilli

life cycle: unsporulated

oocysts are shed in feces and
sporulate in the environment.
Ingestion of sporulated
oocysts leads to sporozoite
Colon: Colitis, lymphoplasmacytic excystation, and invasion of
and eosinophilic, diffuse, moderate epithelial cells, forming
Eimeria zuernii and
76 Ox with crypt loss, regenerative trophozoites, and undergo
ellipsoidalis
hyperplasia and ectasia and asexual multiplication
myriad intracellular coccidia (schizogony, merogony).
Merozoites are released and
infect other epithelial cells
forming gamonts (micro and
macrogamonts with gametes
inside).

Animal Coccidia Organ affected

1st gen schizont- Jejunum
Cattle E. bovis 2nd Gen schizont- Cecum and
colon
E ahsata
Small Intestine
E. bauensis
Sheep Small Intestine
E
Ileum/Large intestine
ovinoidalis
E. christenseni
Small Intestine
E. arloingi
Goats Small Intestine
E.
Large intestine
ninakohlyakimovae
Equine E. leukarti Small Intestine
Swine I. suis Small Intestine
Canine I. canis ileum, colon occasionally
Feline I. felis small intestine, colon occasionally
Mice E. falciformis Colon
E. steidae Bile ducts
Rabbit E. intestinalis ileum and cecum
E. flavescens ileum and cecum
E. acervulina Duodenum
E necatrix Mid intestine
Chickens
E maxima Mid intestine
E tenella Ceca
E adenoeides
ceca
E meleagrimitis
Turkey mid intestine
E
colon,rectum
gallopavonis
E truncata kidney
Geese & ducks
E anseris Mid-intestine
 gram Pos rod intracellular 3 distinct syndromes: Systemic
Listeria Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing, acute,
77 Calf bacterium. This calf also had (septicemic), Encephalitis, and
monocytogenes random, severe with myriad bacilli
BVDV infection. abortion

Neither folial dysplasia nor

Brain, cerebellum: Purkinje and neuronal heterotopia occurs in
dogs, cattle, sheep, Yorskshire pigs,
granular cell degeneration and loss cerebellar cortical
Arabian horses, Gotland ponies. Kerry
Cerebellar cortical (cerebellar cortical abiotrophy), abiotrophies. Purkinje cells are
20 78 Horse blue terriers are unique in that the
abiotrophy with wallerian degeneration in the affected first, followed by
caudate nucleus and substantia nigra
folia of the white matter and mild redeuction in granular cell
are also affected.
gliosis of cerebellar nuclei layer. Proliferation of astroglia
with gliosis of molecular layer

1. leptomeninges, spinal:
Leptomeningeal
fibroplasia with vascular
79 Dog proliferation, dural
hyalinization, and multifocal
ossification
arachnoid cell proliferation
2. Dura, spinal: Osseous synonym: ossifying
metaplasia, focal pachymeningitis

3. Spinal cord, ventral funiculi:

Axonal degeneration and loss,
mild, with dilated myelin sheaths,
axonophagia, and rare spheroids

Not only degeneration but

copper deficiency: Congenital
ectopia with moderate
(swayback) Gross- small liquefactive
numbers of Purkinje cells in
Brain, cerebellum: Purkinje and necrosis or gelatinous areas.
Cerebellar cortical the molecular layer. This
granule cell degeneration and loss, Microscopically- white matter
80 Goat abiotrophy (Copper indicates this disease began
with Purkinje cell ectopia and destruction and central chromatolysis
deficiency) in-utero when the Purkinje
molecular gliosis in the red and vestibular nuclei.
cells were still migrating from
Demyelination of the motor tracts of
the germial layer adjacent to
the spinal cord.
the 4th ventricle

Acquired (enzootic ataxia): lesions

Brainstem, medulla, spinal cord,
and ventral column: Neuronal
degeneration (central
chromatolysis) with gliosis
limited to large neurons of the brain
Secondary copper deficiency-
and spinal cord, but may have well
Molybdenum, sulfur, and iron
defined lesions in the cerebellum,
can interfere with copper
including patchy cerebellar hypoplasia,
utilization
necrosis and Purkinje cell loss and
depletion of the granular cell layer.

Spinal cord: Myelodysplasia with
duplication of spinal roots, chronic
81 Calf Spina bifida
suppurative meningitis, granulation
tissue, and numerous bacteria
Eye: endophthalmitis,
pyogranulomatous, with retinal candidiasis is mainly a disease
21 82 Dog Candida albicans detachment, lens rupture,
intracorneal abscess, numerous
yeast and pseudohyphae
KidneyL Dysplasia with severe
interstitial fibrosis, persistent
netanephric ducts and primitive
mesenchyme, fetal glomeruli,
83 Dog Renal dysplasia
cystic glomerular spaces, tubular
ectasia, degeneration and loss,
and chronic lymphoplasmacytic
pyelonephritis
Kidney: Tubular necrosis with
intraluminal crystals
Spina bifida is a form of
rachischisis/cleft vertebral canal.
Dysraphism is a failure of a fusion of a
raphe- general a neural tube fusion
disorder (spinal cord). Most cases of
spina bifida have a closed neural tube.
Myeloschisis, spina bifida
Neural tube closure occurs as a
occulta, spina bifida cystica
bidirectional process occurring
with meningocele, and spina
multifocally in both the spinal cord and
bifida with myelomeningocoele
brain. The caudal spinal cord
apply to the vertebral defect.
develops by secondary neurulation via
Amyelia, diatematomyelia,
a growth of neural cells caudally, not
hydromeyelia, and dysraphism
from a tube. The lumbosacral spinal
apply to the spinal cord defect.
bifida occulta in this case is probably
the result of a defect in this secondary
neurulation process. the pathogenesis
is though to involve 1) abnormal
proliferation of neural tissue 2) focal
ischemic injury, 3) idiopathic
maldevelopment of the tail bud.
Candida- Yeast (blastospores,
blastoconidia), pseudohyphae, and
of keratinized epithelium in
hyphae in tissue. Branching septate
young animals..
3-5 um hyphae
Cortex is irregularly contoured
with zones of dilated tubules.
Increased susceptibility to
Histologic features- fibrosis,
pyelonephritis- caused by canine
immature glomeruli, large
herpes virus, feline panleukopenia
columnar-lined (mesonephric
virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus,
ducts), immature ducts lined
porcine hypovitaminosis A. Golden
by flattened hyperchromatic
retrievers, Lhasa apsos, Shih Tzus,
cells, and poorly differentiated
Boxers, Finnish harriers, dutch
(immature) mesenchyme. May
kookier, and Cocker spaniels.
have renal secondary
hyperparathyroidism.
 Prototheca reproduce by asexual
endosporulation and have a
characteristic microscopic
appearance. Histologically there are
intra- and extracellular organisms that
Heart: Myocarditis, granulomatous
Cows- Prototheca zopfii may be either small single endospores
and necrotizing, multifocal,
mastitis, Cats-Prototheca with granular cytoplasm or large
84 Dog Prototheca moderate, with numerous
wickerhamii cutaneous form, sporangia that are round to oval, 8-20
extracellular and intrahistiocytic
Dog- hemorrhagic enterocolitis um in diameter, have clear 2-4 ym
algae
thick wall and contain multiple (2-20)
wedge shaped endospores arranged
radially. The shells eventually rupture
leaving empty theca (mother shells) in
sections. PAS and GMA positive

Endosporulation- Chlorella,
Rhinosporidium, Coccidioides/
Prototheca are achlorophyllosu algae
and can be differentiated from
chlorella ultrastructurally.

Carcinoids are neuroendocrine

tumors arising from dispersed
neuroendocrine cells in the GI
tract, liver, pancreas urogenital
Gastroenteropancreatic-
and tracheobronhcial systems.
neuroendocrine tumor -->
May synthesize and secrete
85 Dog Carcinoid Gall bladder: Carcinoid Neuroendocrine tumor/carcinoma,
polypeptides and biologically
gastrointestinal carcinoids (carcinoid),
active amines including
and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Serotonin (5-HT) (flushing,
hypotension, diarrhea,
wheezing), somatostatin,
gastrin, histamine

Diagnosis: argyrophilic, NSE +,

Chromogranin A +,
Synaptophysin +, (hepatic and
biliary carcinoids Cytokeratin
--), EM intracytoplasmic
secretory granules which are
round, composed of an
electron dense core, and
surrounded by an electron
dense membrane

Placentitis, necrotizing, Campylobacter fetus fetus is

Campylobacter suppurative with multifocal most common. DDX: Flexnira rappini causes similar lesions
22 86 Sheep
jejuni vasculitis, thrombi, and Toxoplasma (Cotyledons only), but is sporadic
mineralization Chlamydophila, Brucella ovis,
 Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing,
target lesions
neutrophilic, random
Placental lesions
Organism Fetal lesions
Gross Histo
Often vasculitis, severe
Campylobacter C= friable, yellow IC= edema,
inflammation, Gram Liver: Target lesions
jejuni exudate
Negative bacteria

Chorionic epithelial
Toxoplasma C= pinpoint white foci of Focal necrotic lesions in brain,
hypertrophy and hyperplasia
gondii necrosis IC= edema liver, kidney, lung
with rare intracellular zoites

Neospora Zoites rarely seen within Multifocal encephalitis with gliosis

C= necrosis IC= normal
caninum trophoblasts and necrosis

Necrotizing placentitis with

Chlamydophila
C=necrosis IC= brown exudate neutrophilic vasculitis and necrotic foci in lungs, liver, muscle
abortus
organisms in trophoblasts

C= less affected IC= thick yellow
Coxiella burnetti
with exudate
IC necrotizing placentitis
with gram negative Inconsistent; lymphocytic infiltrates
rickettsial organisms within in lungs, kidneys, liver
chorionic epithelium

Vasculitis; gram negative

Brucella ovis C= necrosis IC=Brown exudate bacilli intra and nonspecific
extracellularly
Severe, diffuse
necrosuppurative placentitis
Listeria C= necrosuppurative IC= Hepatomegaly with numerous 1mm
with gram positive bacteria
monocytogenes necrosuppurative yellow necrotic foci
within chorionic epithelial
cells

Typically regress via IgG-

mediated immune response,
however metastasis does
IHC- Lysozyme, Vimentin, ACM1
occasionally occur;
Vulva: transmissible venereal (mononuclear phagocyte stem cells),
87 Dog TVT Karyotype= 58-59
tumor Alpha-1 antitrypsin (marker for bening
chromosomes with 13-17
and malignant histiocytes)
metacentric (compared to
normal canine 78 with 2
metacentric)

previous synonyms-
myoblastoma/ PAS positive
Dogs- Granular cell tumors in tongue/
Seminal vesicle: Granular cell granules/ IHC + vimentin, S-
88 Mouse Granular cell tumor Horse= lungs/ Mice and rats= repro
tumor 100, NSE/ EM = packed
tract, brain, meninges
lysosomes, and phagosomes
(myelin bodies)
 Staging of seminiferous
Rat Stage 1-VII characterized by a
tubules: Spermatogonia
single layer of pachytene
Testis, seminiferous epithelium: (proliferating diploid germ
Ethylene glycol spermatocytes and 2 populations of
Degeneration, necrosis, and loss, cells), Spermatocytes (meiotic
89 Rat monomethyl ether spermatids (both round and elongate).
segmental with multinucleated -tetraploid- germ cells), and
toxicosis At stage VIII, step 19 spermatids are
germ cells round to elongate spermatids
released into the lumen and the round
(differentiating haploid germ
(step 8) spermatids begin to elongate
cells)

At stage IX through XIII

tubules have two layers of
spermatocytes (the luminal
layer being large pachytene
spermatocytes, and the basilar
layer smaller preleptotene,
leptotene, and zygotene
spermatocytes), and a single
layer of elongating spermatids
Stage XIV tubules have luminal
spermatocytes undergoing meiotic
division to secondary (diploid)
spermatocytes, and then (haploid)
round spermatids, and basilar
spermatocytes progressing to the
pachytene stage.

Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial, Histo: Lymphocytic interstitial

lymphohistiocytic, chronic, diffuse, pneumonia, with perivascular
Ovine progressive
severe with perivascular and and peribronchial cuffs often Other lentiviruses, SIV, FIV, BIV and
23 90 Sheep pneumonia
peribronchiolar lymphoid with germinal centers, smooth Equine Infectious Anemia
(Lentivirus)
hyperplasia and smooth muscle muscle hyperplasia, interstitial
hyperplasia fibrosis, and microatelectasis,

central area of necrosis with

Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
many small aggregates of Retroviridae, lentivirus- OPP is related
suppurative, multifocal, moderate,
gram-positive cocci around the to Maedi-visna, and CAE
with focally extensive abscess
periphery

CAE- leukoencephalomyelitis (young

Type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia is
not a feature
OPP other lesions-
lymphofollicular mastitis,
chronic proliferative arthritis,
non-suppurative
meningoencephalitis, and
vasculitis
goats), Chronic proliferative arthritis
and synovitis (Adults), less commonly
mastitis and interstitial pneumonia
(adults). CAE has alveolar acidophilic,
proteinaceous, to lipoproteinaceous
material and type II pneumocyte
hyperplasia

Neurotoxic and hepatotoxic. Brain

Moldy corn poisoning, lesions in the frontal and pariteal
Leukoencephalom Brain, cerebrum: Necrosis, white
91 Horse Fumonisin B1 (fusarium lobes, Blood vessels may be
alacia matter (leukoencephalomalacia)
monoliforme) degenerate, necrotic with thrombi.
Liver may have centrilobular necrosis
 Pathogenesis- vascular
damage- Fumonisin inhibits
ceramide synthase-->
decreased sphingolipid
accumulation, disruption of
cellular membranes, lipid
peroxidation, inhibits
macromolecule synthesis and
DNA syntheis

Spleen: Splenitis, necrotizing with

common after SIV infections
Cytomegalovirus marked lymphoid depletion and
92 Macaque (Type D retrovirus),
(betaherpesvirus) myriad cytomegalic cells and
immunocompromise
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions

Leptospira Kidney: Nephritis, necrotizing,

lots of lymphocytes with few
93 Goeldi's Marmoset interrogans interstitial , lymphocytic, multifocal,
plasma cells and macrophages
serotype Ballum moderate with neutrophilic tubulitis

Lung: Pneumonia,
Respiratory system- similar to mammals- Left lung is vestigial except
bronchointerstitial, granulomatous,
in Boas- The right lung has a posterior avascular portion known as the
Ophidian heterophilic, diffuse, severe, with
24 94 Rattlesnake air sac which regulates pressure inside the body cavity. The anterior
Paramyxovirus multifocal necrosis, epithelial
portion of the lung contains faveoli separated by thin septa lined by
hyperplasia and rare eosinophilic
type I and II pneumocytes
intracytoplasmic inclusions

Microscopic findings- cellular debris

Gross lesions: lung
Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial, and exudate in airways, type II
hemorrhage, necrotic debris,
lymphocytic, histiocytic with tubular pneumocyte hyperplasia, thickening of
pancreatic hyperplasia, hepatic
degeneration and necrosis faveolar septa, epithelial cells with
granulomas,
intracytoplasmic inclusions
Esophagus: Epithelial necrosis
with eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
inclusions
ddx: mycosis, Actinomyces
Staphylococcus Heart: Myocarditis,
and Nocardia (gram pos
95 Porpoise aureus pyogranulomatous with fibrosis,
filamentous. Acid fast
(Botryomycosis) and Splendore-Hoeppli material
nocardia)

Heart, epicarditis:
lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic

Features: Triphasic:
Myxomatous mesenchyme;
interspersed primitive tubules. rarely contain non-epithelial tissue-
96 Betta fish Nephroblastoma Kidney: Nephroblastoma
Or glomerular-like buds; nests muscle, cartilage, bone and fat
of cells resembling
metanephric blastema

ddx: adenocarcinoma of the swin Swim bladder of siamese fish

bladder is ventral to kidney
 Spirurids: small thick shelled
embryonated egg, cuticular
Oral mucosa: Intraepithelial adult ornamentations around the
97 Goeldi's Monkey Gongylonema sp spirurids with minimal lymphocytic buccal cavity, coelomyarian
inflammation musculature, uninucleate
intestine cells, lateral chords
may be quite large
other intraepithelial parasites:
Pterygodermatites Intraluminal and submucosal characteristic lateral alae
Capillaria sp, Anatrichosoma sp,
sp nematodes anteriroly
Trichosomoides sp

ddx: exertional
rhabdomyolysis, EPSSM,
nutritional myopathy, ischemic
Equine recurrent myopathy, Cassia occidentalis PSSM ruled out by negative Pas stain;
Skeletal muscle: Degeneration and
25 98 Horse exertional (coffe weed), ionophore ERER dx by increased CK, AST and
necrosis
rhabdomyolysis (monensin, lasalocid), in severe cases myoglobinuria
clostridial myositis (malignant
edema), protozoal myopathy,
Strep associated myopathy

Cecum: Typhlitis, nodular and Prominent spindle cell

granulomatous, multifocal, nodules- eithe granulomas or Carriers of histomonas meleagridis-
99 Pheasant Heterakis spp moderate with marked fibrous hyperplasia- not necrotic foci in cecum and liver; 15-20
mesenchymal infiltration and adult producing collagen, not um oval bodies
and larval nematodes smooth muscle- histiocytic?

Dilation of all renal tubules,

Polycystic kidney Kidneys, glomeruli, and tubules: obscuring of cortico-medullary
100 Deer liver has marked biliary hyperplasia
disease cystic change, diffuse junction. Reduced numbers of
glomeruli,

EM: Ciliated epithelial cells;

ICIB= amorphous aggregates
of moderately electron dense
granular material, and less other findings- vacuolar degeneration=
Ciliated respiratory epithelium:
frequently by amorphous mild dilatation o fSER and perinucelar
Canine Distemper Degeneration and necrosis with
101 Skunk aggregates of tubular-like cisterna, los of apical microvilli, low
virus (Morbillivirus) intracytoplasmic and intranuclear
structures. Nuclei- dispersal of numbers of secondary lysosomes and
viral inclusions
chromatin, One cell had INIB= cellular debris in the luminal surface
parallel, stacked arrays of
electron dense, tubular to
filamentous material

1. Brief decription Number and arrangement, plasma

of the normal membrane, surface decorations,
102 EM description features which cellular junctions, cytosol,
allow one to endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes,
identify the cells mitochondria, nuclei
2. Describe cellular
degeneration, necrosis
alterations

3. Describe
Inclusions, dense deposits,
anything removed
bacteria, viruses, other organisms
or added
Organelle Normal Features

cytoplasmic blebs, types

Plasma Cilia, villi, loss of surface
and locations of intercellular
membrane specialization,
junctions

presence of myelin figures;

Cytosol Rarefaction (swelling):
inclusions

Relative amounts of SER to

Swelling, dilatation;
SER/RER RER; increased amounts of
detachment of ribosomes,
SER

Relative number and Low amplitude swelling/

Mitochondria location;calcification; high amplitude swelling;
vacuolation; rupture matrix flocculent densities;
Lysosome Relative number; swelling; rupture

Clumped, dispersed, or
pyknosis, karyorrhexis,
Nucleus marginalized chromatin;
karyolysis, viral inclusions
heterochromatin, euchromatin,

Intranuclear or intracytoplasmic bacteria, parasites, fungi,

Other
inclusions algae

Organelle Reversible changes Irreversible changes

Blebbing, blunting, distortion;
Plasma Disruption of cellular
loosening of intercellular
membrane membranes
attachments
Swelling, rarefaction, small Marked dilation; large
Mitochondria
amorphous densities amorphous densities
Dilation, detachment of
ER
ribosomes
Pyknosis, karyorrhexis,
Nucleus Chromosome clumping
karyolysis
Cell swelling, lysosomal
Cell swelling, creation of myelin swelling, disruption of
Other
figures lysosomes, increased
myelin figures
 AFIP
Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx Gross Histo
2003-2004
1 1 Dog Heritable amelanotic globe
spindle cell iridal tumor of blue
vimentin +, GFAP +, S-100 -
eyed dogs
Glaucoma, secondary
Cobblestone mucos in bladder,
Bladder: Cystitis, necrotizing,
distended ureters, oeriurethral tissue D Renale: Terminal anus and mouth surrounded
fibrinosuppurative, with
2 Harbor seal Dioctophyma renale had abscesses and granulomas; Large by 2 circles of 6 papilla; eggs have thick
fibrinoid necrosis and mixed
nematode found in retroperitoneal mamillated shell
bacteria
space

Fibromuscular tissue: Cellulitis,

pyogranulomatous with
mamillated nematode eggs

pseudoreosettes, fine fibrous trabeculae; IHC-

insulin+; Ischemic nerve cells; elongated
Pancreatic islet cell carcinoma,
3 Dog Neoplastic, metabolic granular mass in left lobe of pancreas microglial cells (rod cells) ; necrosis confined to
neuronal necrosis
superficial laminae; death by release of
excitotoxins (aspartate) not glutamate
Arthropod-percutaneous innoculation, mucous
ddx- clostridium piliforme, Salmonella,
membrane penetration, ingestion, or inhalation;
4 Varying hare Francisella tularensis liver necrosis Yersinia, Toxoplasma, Listeria,
Macrophages disseminate the organism; can
Tularemia
cause vasculitis

Liver: centrilobular necrotizing this presentation is uncommon; adult rabbits are

hepatitis with regeneration;
ZIKA-hybrid and Bridging portal fibrosis
2 5 RHDV
Rabbit with lymphoplasmacytic and
histiocytic cholangiohepatitis
and biliary hyperplasia (TNF)
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus,
disease caused by cytokines (IL-1,
TNF) from macrophages cause DIC,
(calicivirus)
100% fatally infected; submassive necrosis of
the liver leading to loss of coagulation factors;
virus replicates in hepatocytes; fatty
degeneration is from severe hypoxia coinciding
with DIC

eosinophilic intranuclear and

Ulcerative esophagitis,
intracytoplasmic inclusions (these are
6 Wood duck DHV (AHV-1) lymphoid necrosis, epithelial
found only in AHV-1, Mareks (GHV-2),
hyperplasia
and cytomegalovirus

causes hypercalcemia by macrophagic

Pyogranulomatous dermatitis
7 dog Oomycosis (lagenidiosis) with ulceration and fungal
hyphae
production of PTHrp, also
broad irregular branching sparsley septate
macrophages can convert 25 D3 to
hyphae; Similar to Zygomycetes
1,25 D3 (via alpha-1-hydroxylases)
ddx- Pythium insidiosum

Systemic histiocytosis- non-neoplastic

perivascular cuffs; cutaneous histiocytosis and
disseminated histiocytic sarcoma, cutaneous histiocytoma are reactive proliferative
Malignant histiocytosis, with
8 dog Neoplastic lysozyme positive, MH is inherited in diseases; Malignant fibrous histiocytoma has
hematophagia
Bernese Mtn dogs, features of fibroblasts and histiocytes; localized
histiocytic sarcoma is the local dermal form of
MH/DHS
 Cholangiohepatitis with
Kleingrass (Panicum), Agave, Tribulus,
intraluminal crystals, periportal Photosensitization secondary to liver
3 9 sheep Metabolic Narthecium, Nolena, Brachiara, Avena sativa,
fibrosis; necrotizing hepatitis, injury, or mycotoxin induced liver injury
Drechslera companulate
multifocal random, neutrophilic

Type 2- Defect in Porphyrin

Type 1- Ingestion of plants metabolism- congenital porphyria =
with photodynamic substances uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase Type 3- Hepatic injury that interferes with the
(St Johns Wort-hypericum), deficiency discolored teeth and bones, excretion of bile, and increased phylloerythrin
Buckwheat (fagopyrum), and aneima--; congenital protoporphyria = (chlorophyll breakdown)--> solar dermatitis
Bishops weed (Ammi majus) ferrochelatase deficiency (limousin
cattle photodermatitis)

Brain- meningoencephalitis, ddx-otitis media in calves=

pyogranulomatous with haemophilus somnus, pasteurella
10 bovine Mycoplasma bovis
hemorrhage and whote matter multocida, streptococcus,
necrosis actinomyces, railletia auris (ear mite)

Lymphoid atrophy, spleen looks enlarged with

secondary infections: Isospora, toxoplasmosis,
11 dog Canine distemper virus reticuloendothelial intranuclear mesenchymal cell proliferation and
multifocal lymphoid necrosis with bordatellosis, canine adenovirus 2
inclusions (eosinophilic)
nuclear inclusions
in utero infection 1-4 mo with NCP
mucosal colitis, neutrophilic,
BVDV = PI or abortion, postnatal
12 calf BVD with crypt abscesses, and with No vasculitis in this case DDX- coronavirus
infection with NCP BVDV = transient 2-
crypt necrosis
3 week infection.

ddx- juvenile pustular psoriasiform

dermatitis (perivascular eos and neuts,
eosinophilic dermatitis with pustules, parakeratosis), exudative
4 13 pig Sarcoptes scabei epidermal hyperplasia and epidermitis (bacteria, corneal pustules,
hyperkeratosis para and orthokeratotic), and zinc
responsive dermatitis (severe
parakeratotic hyperkeratosis)

other adenoviruses- CAV-2

(necrotizing bronchiolitis secondary to
immunosuppression), EAV-1(arabian
foals with SCID- necrotizing
vaccination with CAV-2 vax protects against both
CAV-1 (infectious canine Hepatic necrosis with bronchiolitis), Avian AV-1 (inclusion
14 dog CAV-1 and 2, but dogs may still get mild
hepatitis) intranuclear inclusions body hepatitis in birds,
tracheobronchitis from CAV-2 infection
hydropericardium syndrome,
hepatocellular necrosis), and 2 (Marble
spleen disease in pheasants and
hemorrhagic enteritis in turkeys)
 medulloblastomas are primitive neuroectodermal
expansile, unencapsulated,
tumor of cerebellar origin- without cerebellum
sheets of monomorphic
ddx- PEM, trauma, Haemophilus ddx is Prim NeuroEctodermal Tumor- ;
15 bovine Medullablastoma densely packed round to
somni, rabies, Listeria, lead poisoning pseudoreosettes around BV, Homerwright
polygonal cells, form
rosettes, Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes; S-100
pseudorosettes around BV
positive, NSE neg, GFAP neg

bronchointerstitial pneumonia,
Influenza A- equine -1 (H7N7) or
16 foal Equine Influenza A2 necerotizing, with hyaline
Influenza A/ equine 2 (H3N8)
membranes
disorganized fibroblastic proliferation
infiltrating the fat and superficial TM-
Atypical mesenchymal proliferative and sclerotic forms-
Cynomolgus Late stage animals often develop SAIDs, and
5 17 SRV-2 type D proliferation (retroperitoneal edematous and myxomatous areas are
monkey presence of herpesvirus (gammaherpes RFHV)
fibromatosis) seen as well- perivascular
lymphocytes, plasma cells and
histiocytes

C57bl/6B2m
-/-
Polyoma virus Malignant spindle cell
18 microglobulin don’t occur except in nude mice
(Papovavirus) neoplasm, mixed carcinoma
knockout
mouse
virus found in macrohages,
Rhesus Meningoencephalitis,
19 SIV endothelium, white matter and
monkey granulomatous
cerebellum
WAS -/-
20 Helicobacter hepaticus Proliferative colitis and proctitis also cause hepatitis
mouse
Proximal renal tubular
6 21 wild pigeon Lead toxicosis epithelium, acid fast crop dilation of unknown pathogenesis
intranuclear inclusion bodies
hepatic necrosis, periacinar to cyanobacteria (cyclic peptides) -target
toxin inactivates enzymes that regulate
22 bovine Microcystin toxicosis massive with vacuolar liver; Alkaloids target nervous system
cytoskeletal elements
degeneration and lipopolysaccharides
Renal tubule epithelial
Sprague-
23 cisplatin toxicity necrosis and cast formation
Dawley rats
with tubular ectasia
toxic effects are result of metabolite
C57BL6 Centrilobular hepatocellular NAPQI (from Cyt P450), depleted cats are particular sensitive due to lack of
24 Acetominophen toxicity
mouse necrosis glutathione reserves leading to glucuronyl transferase, they cant conjugate it
oxidative damage
kidney- acute tubular
7 25 dog grape or raisin toxicty nephrosis with regeneration;
mineralization of st
functional pheochromocytomas are
pheochromocytoma, left cuboidal to polyhedral cells with fine connective
rare, leading to norepinephrine release
26 dog neoplastic, endocrine adrenal gland, hemorrhagic tissue septae, IHC chromogranin and
--> CHF, pulmonary edema, ventricular
colitis synaptophysin +
fibrillation, hypertension
 pyogranulomatous and
necrotizing myositis with
metrocytes within immature tissue cysts in dogs are unusual as
27 dog Sarcocystis/ neosporosis
cysts and internal septae they are the definitive hosts
separating mature organisms
into compartments within cysts

hepatic necrosis periportal and

28 dog carprofen toxicity centrilobular with lympho- labradors are more sensitive;
histiocytic periportal hepatitis

Polyserositis- meningitis,
affects pisg 4-8 weeks old. Gram coinfection with PCV-2 and Pasteurella
fibrinoipurulent with
8 29 Pig Haemophilus parasuis negative rod, microaeophilic, requires mucltocida; DDX- Mycoplasma hyorhinus, Strep
encephalitis, perivascular
heme and NAD suis II, Salmonellosis,
lymphoplasmacytic

Liver- granulomatous hepatitis, Gram positive and acid fast. Require Actinomycetales- Actinomyces, Nocardia,
CB-17-SCID-
30 mycobacterium sp. with intrahistiocytic bacilli, and activation of macrphages by IFN-y by Rhodococcus, Corynebacterium, Dermatophilus,
Beige mouse
nodular hyperplasia CD4 T cells Streptomyces

CB-17-SCID-
31 mycobacterium sp.
Beige mouse
Lung: necrotizing
Orthopoxvirus genus, causes
bronchointerstitial pneumonia
32 Prairie dog Monkey pox fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia with
with syncytia, and eosinophilic
necrotizing vasculitis in macaques
ICIB
Brain: Vasculitis and
Mosquito vector, humans and horses are dead
meningoencephalitis, Equine arboviral encephalitis,
endo hosts, since viremia is not sufficient for
necrosuppurative, with Togaviridae, ss RNA env:: Gray matter
transmission to new mosquitoes:: WNV-ventral
33 Horse EEE thrombosis:: Necrotizing lesions, cerebral cortex, thalamus and
and lateral horns of spinal cord; JEV-
encephalitis with gliosis, hypothalamus, neuronophagia, mostly
neutrophilic encephalitis, EHV-1 causes
vasculitis, and hemorrhage, neutrophilic with EEE
vasculitis
and thrombosis

Metatarsus- focal retention of Trauma caused infarction which Normal- proximal metaphysis is thin where
Osteochondrosis and
9 34 Horse-foal physeal cartilage with prevented formation of primary remodeling, and chondrification of blood vessels
physitis/epiphysitis
metaphyseal infarction spongiosa is normal where they enter the physeal cartilage

born with kyphosis and roman nose DDX- locoweed (astragalus or Oxytropus),
Spinder Lamb Syndrome: vertebrae and long bones:
35 Sheep (Twin was normal)-believed to be a parbendazole, Veratrum californicum (cyclopia at
Autosomal redcessive Chondrodysplasia
defect in the gene FGFR3 14D), wild parsnip (bent leg)
inherited autosomal recessive: DDX- lysosomal
Disproportionately short limbs, short
storage diseases, English springer sp with GM1
Chondrodysplasia of Chondrodysplasia/Chondrooss trunks, disorganized endochondral
36 Dog-elkhound gangliosidosis (beta-galactosidase);
Norwegian Elkhounds eus dysplasia ossification, and zone of chondrocyte
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS1) in Plott hounds
proliferation, with inclusions
(alpha-L-iduronidase)
Femoral head: Physeal Similar lesions- slipped physis,
fracture, with fibrosis, woven Legg_Calves_Perthes, canine Feline metaphyseal osteopathy- delay in physis
37 Cat delayed closure of physis
bone formation and synoval metaphyseal osteopathy (HOD), closure in neutered male cats
hyperplasia trauma
 Kidney: Interstitial nephritis,
ddx: AHV-1, CpHV-2, bluetongur, EHD
lymphocytic with vasculitis and Typical MCF lesions include lymphoproliferation,
10 38 Reindeer OvHV-2: MCF in deer (orbivirus), BVD (pestivirus),
perivasculitis, and tubular mucosal disease, and vasculitis
Rinderpest (Morbillivirus)
mineralization
Hypertrophic Heart: Myofiber degeneration
39 Owl Monkey also had underlying hypertension
cardiomyopathy and loss, with fibrosis

Mouse- Spleen: Necrosis, multifocal,

40 Mouse Hepatitis Virus Immunosuppressed mice
C57Bl/6 with syncytial cells

Liver: Hepatocellular unencapsulated, infiltrative, lipid

41 Chimpanzee Hepatocellular carcinom
carcinoma vacuoles, negative CEA staining
Jejunum: Atrophic enteritis, < 10 days. Neonates have tall villi (7:1
11 42 Pig Coronavirus TGE
villous blunting and fusion or 9:1),
Kidney: Amyloidosis, interstitial Familial reactive amyloidosis in shar
43 Dog- shar pei Amyloidosis
and glomerular pei
no intermediate host is required,
Fish- 3 spined Microsporidium- Glugea Body- Xenomas (xenoparasitic Microsporidia- obligate intracellular parasites,
44 ruptured spores from xenomas can
stickleback anomala complex) extrusion apparatus, (encephalitozoon cuniculi)
infect new hosts

Brain: meningeal arteries

research suggests that it is the result
contain atheromatous plaques
of a chronic inflammatory process
45 Owl Monkey Atherosclerosis which are focal. The intima has
initiated by endothelial injury due to
a fibrous cap and a central
hyperlipidemia, hypertension, stress
necrotic lipid rich core

in other species causes of proliferative

gastritis = Ostertagia Ostertagii in
cattle, Ostertagia circumcinta in sheep,
Gastric mucosal hyperplasia
12 46 Corn Snake Cryptosporidium Nochtia nochti in non-human primates,
with plasmacytic gastritis
trichostrongylus axei in horses,
hyostongylus rubidus in pigs, and
Ollulanus tricuspis in cats

ddx- Polyoma virus, adenovirus,

Massive hepatic necrosis with
Amazon Pacheco's Disease, Chlamydophila, Salmonella, gross PD- hepatomegaly, splenomegaly,
47 syncytial cells, eosin INIB and
Parrot Psittacid Herpesvirus Clostridium piliforme, circovirus, necrosis, hemorrhage
hemorrhage
trematodes, aflatoxin,
GHV-1 = ILT, GHV-2 =
Adenovirus and Polyomavirus- INIB
Mareks, AnatidHV-1 = duck
basophilic
plague (DVE)
Granulomatous inflammation,
Arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, Gout tophi are small clumps of radiating crystals
48 Frilled Lizard Articular gout amorphous material, bone
reactive bone and tophi surrounded by macrophages
remodeling
Uric acid is the product of
Purine metabolism by xanthine
axidase
 3-8 mcm with mucopolysaccharide
capsule, , narrow based budding,
Lung: Pneumonia, necrotizing pseudohyphae, branched septate
49 Cloud Rat Cryptococcus neofprmans
and granulomatous hypahe- capsule inhibits plasma cells,
macrophage phagocytosis and
leukocyte migration.

fatal in immunospuuressed animals- CMV is betaherpesvirus {Others include Porcine

Simian cytomegalovirus and Colon: Multifocal proliferative
Rhesus inflammatory pseudotumors results Herpes - 2 (inclusion body rhinitis), Caviid
13 50 Balantidium coli and suppurative colitis with
Macaque from influx of neutrophils and Herpes- 1 (guinea pig cytomegalovirus)}.
(trophozoites) INIB ICIB
proliferation of mucosa Balantidium coli also seen, Bacteria also seen.

Oil red O positive lipid droplets: ddx-

infiltrative lipomas, anaplastic
carcinomas, baloon cell melanomas,
Lingual frenulum: Pleomorphic
51 Dog- poodle Liposarcoma Cytokeratin Negative, PAS negative-
liposarcoma
Resemble Malignant fibrous
histiocytoma except with little
collagenous stroma

Lung: Fibrinopurulent
bronchopneumonia/ Necrosis of epithelium/syncytia/INIB,
BRSV is Paramyxovirus- ICIB and Syncytia-//
52 Bull calf BRSV bronchinterstitial pneumonia neutrophils and fibrin
INIB also found in this case (Adenovirus)
with bronchiolitis syncytial (Paramyxovirus?)
cells, ICIB
Spleen: Lymphocytolysis and Macrophage phagocytosis of spores-->
Cynomolgus vasulitis and Brain: Meningitis LN-> germination->bacilli toxins->
53 Bacillus Antracis
monkey with myriad gram positive Lethal Toxin (LT-Inhibits MAPK) and
bacilli Edema Toxin (ET)
Lung: Interstitial pneumonia,
Thrombosis in arteries with adult
necro-suppurative with
parasites- PDGF--> endothelium id
14 56 Dog Dirofilaria immitis thrombosis and microfilaria
damaged PDGF released causing
and intravascular adult
proliferation of smooth muscle
Dirofilaria immitis
Nutritional myopathy, white Heart: Myocardial necrosis,
57 Bull calf muscle disease, vit E and with fibrinoid vasculitis, and
Se deficiency edema
Necrotizing and ulcerative
enteritis/typhlitis,
pyogranulomatous, fibrinoid uncommon syndrome of localized
58 Kitten FIP
vascular necrosis; transmural enterocolitis
lymphadenitis and serositis,
pyogranulomatous
 ddx: extrinsic allergic alveolitis --> dust from
moldy hay with micropolyspora and
thermoactinomyces; Fog fever--> Tryptophan
Lung: Interstitial pneumonia, ipomeanol toxin (edema factor),
converted to 3-methylindole in rumen--> lung -->
with edema and emphysema, generation of free radicals within Type
Moldy sweet potato toxicity- clara cells convert to 3-methyleneindolenine via
mononuclear, with hypertrophy 1 pneumocytes and bronchiolar
59 Bovine Fusarium solani and P450--> damages cell membranes of bronchiolar
and hyperplasia of respiratory epithelia, and causes edema by
oxysporum cells and type 1 pneumocytes and increased
epithelium and occasional toxicity to endothelium and formation
alveolar permeability; reinfection syndrome-
syncytia of hyaline membranes
hypersensitivity to lungworm; Perilla mint toxicity,
stinkwood, rape, kale, turnip tops; nitrogen
dioxide from silage etc

Spread by sandflies (phlebotimus and

lutzomyia), Stomoxys and
Rhipicephalus may be vectors- clinical signs include lymphadenitis, fever,
Leishmania is phagocytosed by cutaneous ulcers- secondary demidicosis, and
Spleen: Splenitis, histiocytic
Dog- macrophages and transforms into an may develop concurrent cutaneous and visceral
15 60 Leishmania donovani and lymphoplasmacytic with
Foxhound amastigote in the phagolysosome, syndromes. Later immune mediated
intrahistiocytic protozoa
pumps protons out and evades glomerulonephritis causes renal failure. Ddx =
compliment by binding c3b and Trypanosoma cruzi, Histoplasma, Toxoplasma
resisting c5-c9, and scavenge free
radicals

Necrotizing laryngotracheitis,
Gallid Herpesvirus-1
proliferative, histiocytic, Two forms of Pox- dry (nodular Bollinger bodies- eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
(Infectious
61 chickens lymphocytic with cutaneous lesions) and diphtheritic inclusions; ddx- wet pox= Trichomonas,
Laryngotracheitis) / Avian
intracytoplasmic and (fibrinonecrotic mucocutaneous) candidiasis, Vit A Deficiency
Pox
intranuclear inclusions

This had areas that looked like epulis,

Malignant melanoma can have
and was Melan A negative; Junctional
Malignant melanoma with desmoplastic, neurotropic, or gray horses, sinclair mini pigs (cutaneous),
62 Dog-Spaniel activity, melanin and positive melan A
chondroid metaplasia osteochondrogenic duroc, and spontaneously regress in pigs
stain differentiate from osteosarcoma
differentiation
and chondrosarcoma

Lancefield groups A and G are mostly

responsible for necrotizing fasciitis in humans.;
Bottlenose Alpha hemolyitc and non-hemolyitic are less
Skeletal muscle: Myositis, Beta-hemolytic strains are most
Dolphin Streptococcus agalactiae - virulent. Alpha-hemolysis = partial lysis and
63 necrotizing, fibrinosuppurative, pathologic- S. agalactiae is alpha
(Tursiops Necrotizing fasciitis reduction of hemoglobin giving it a greenish tinge
hemorrhagic with myriad cocci hemolytic (Lancefield group B)
truncatus) around the edges. Beta-hemolysis is complete
lysis and a halo of clearing extending beyond the
colony

Renal Dysplasia with severe

Congenital renal dysplasia fibrosis, fetal glomeruli, and Renal failure --> decreased excretion of
Dog - Brie 14 weeks old, presented for PU/PD
16 64 and Fibrous tubular adenomatous phosphate --> hyperphosphatemia -->
sheepdog vomiting and siezures
Osteodystrophy hyperplasia; Mandible: Fibrous Hypocalcemia --> hyperparathyroidism
osteodystrophy
 Mandible, tongue, skeletal
muscle, tooth: Osteomyelitis,
Staphylococcus spp- glossitis, myositis,
B6 129 S6-
65 coagulase positive periodontitis,
Cybb mouse
(Botryomycosis) pyogranulomatous, with
splendore hoeppli material and
bacterial colonies
Most commonly Staph aureus- lesions follow
Mouse with disrupted oxidase
skin trauma, begin as microabscesses,
cytochrome b gene--> cant generate
progresses to pyogranulomas with splendore
superoxide
hoeppli material

Lung: Pneumonia,
pyogranulomatous and
eosinophilic with adult Capillaria- live in bronchi and trachea,
Fennec nematodes and numerous
66 (Vulpes Capillaria aerophila bipolar plugged embryonated
zerda) eggs; Bronchitis and
bronchiolitis, catarrhal,
lymphoplasmacytic and
histiocytic with fibrosis
other resp tract parasites: Crenosoma vulpis,
hypodermal lateral chords (bacillary
globei (racoons), mephiditis (Skunks), striatum
bands), and a row of esophageal
(hedgehogs), filaroides osleri, Aleurostrongylus
glands called stichocytes forming a
abstrusus
stichosome

PAS positive diastase resistant

granules; NSE, S-100, Vimentin +,
Sprague- Malignant uterine granular cell Rats- granular cell tumors in meninges and
67 Granular cell tumor GFAP Neg;;EM- densely packed
Dawley rats tumor uterus// Dogs= tongue/ Horses= lung
lysosomes and phagosomes (myelin
figures)

Polygonal cells with intracytoplasmic vacuoles

distal axial skeleton, arise from
Fischer 344 Vertebral body and lung: (Physaliferous cells), 3 components- central
17 68 Chordoma residual notochord;;; Keratin and
rat Chordoma trabecular bone, cartilgae zone, physaliferous
Vimentin +, NSEand S-100 +/-
cells at the periphery within a mucinous matrix

Fischer 344
69 same
rat

Gram Positive facultative intracellular circling disease- organism enters oral mucosa
Necrotizing hepatitis, bacillus- 3 syndromes-- septicemia, and travels trigeminal nerve, lands in pons and
70 Holstein OX Listeria monocytogenes
suppurative encephalitis, and abortion (also medulla with microabscesses and lymphocytic
conjunctivitis and mastitis) meningitis

Necrotizing nephritis, Abortion syndrom- late term, via

71 Holstein OX Listeria monocytogenes
suppurative hematogenous spread
diagnosis requires greater than 50% mucinous
Mucinous adenocarcinoma undulating ribbons and nests between
material; Gastric adenocarcinoma may be
72 Ferret Mucinous adenocarcinoma with metastasis to lymph node; proliferating fibrous tissue, epithelial
induced by Helicobacter mustelae (model for
Intestine- lymphocytic enteritis cells form acini with mucin
human H pylori)
iodine def--> incre TSH; Iodine excess -->
Thyroid gland: Diffuse causes abortion or weakness,
73 Lmousin calf Iodine deficiency interference with thyroxinogenesis --> low T3,T4
hyperplasia (goiter) symmetrical thyroid enlargement,
levels --> Incr TSH

Spleen, Liver, BM, mammary IL-12 (mPh) --> TH1 -->IL-2, TNF-a,IFN-y (T,NK)
Mycobacterium avium Intra and extracellular acid fast gram
18 74 Wallaby gland: Granulomatous --> upregulates mPh --> PDGF, TGF-b -->
complex negative bacilli
inflammation with granulomas stimulate fibroblasts and collagen synthesis
 Taenia crassiceps- canids and felids
Subcutis and Skeletal muscle:
as definitive host, rodents most
Red Ruffled Granulomatous and Features include hooks, calcareus corpuscles,
75 Cysticerciasis common intermediate hosts, and
Lemur eosinophilic cellulitis and single bladder, one scolex,
become infected by ingesting
myositis
oncospheres from feces

Heart- Pancarditis, necrotizing,

often perivascular distribution, most
lymphoplasmacytic and Flaviviridae- can be transmitted by several insect
76 Fish Crow WNV severely heart, spleen, and skeletal
histiocytic, with species and mechanical vectors
muscle'
periganglioneuritis

Pulmonary artery: Arteritis/

Splendidofilaria caperata endarteritis, chronic with adult adult embedded in tunica media
filarial nematodes
Brain: Meningoencephalitis,
Parma (white-
necrotizing and 15-60um protozoal cysts PAS and also flund myocarditis, hepatitis, bacterial
77 fronted) Toxoplasma gondii
granulomatous/ GMS positive esophagitis
Wallaby
lymphoplasmacytic
Occlusive (reactive) vascular
In humans it is benign and associated with
endothelial proliferation in
19 78 cat Endotheliomatosis Factor VII relAg+ erythematoyus macules and plaques. It is
several organs; intravasulat
multisystemic in cats and fatal
pseudoangisarcoma
Kidney: Fat emboli with
Feline hyperlipemia/
hemorrhage and fasting hyperlipemia, xanthomas,
primary Recessive lipoprotein lipase deficiency: must be
79 Siamese cat granulomatoyus inflammation- peripheral neuropathy, deficiency of
hyperlioproteinemia/ fed a low fat diet
Autosomal recessive in lipoprotein lipase
hyperchylomicronemia
siamese cats

4 poxviruses: Myxoma, Shope fibroma, Hare

fibroma (all leporipox), and Rabbitpox virus
EM showed inclusions- fibrillary regular (orthopox). Arthropod vectors for all but Hare
aggregates of moderately electron fibroma (unknown). Inclusions are common to all
Shope Fibroma virus: Subcutis: Atypical
dense material arranged in long but Rabbit pox; Myxoma virus is serious: NA
Domestic Leporipoxvirus, Poxviridae mesenchymal proliferation with
80 strands or bundles, or of finely granular rabbits (Sylvilagus) are natural hosts (resistant)
Rabbit (benign self limiting, non eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
aggregates;;Immature virions- but can transmit to European cottontails
neoplastic to all rabbits) inclusions
spherical 250 nm with electron dense (Oryctolagus) with severe disease and high
content and an outer envelope mortality- Hare fibroma is a diseas of european
hares (lepus genus, and Oryctolagus are
susceptible)

invasive densely cellular

neoplasm of spindle cells in
Secondary to trauma or phacoclastic
Feline ocular sarcoma (post bundles and whorls, in some 1) Long standing lens rupture (embedded lens
81 Cat uveitis without trauma; Epithelial cell
traumatic sarcoma) cases osseus or chondrous material) (2) Circumferential distribution
origin
differentiation, the lens is
ruptured.

Candida are dimorphic with yeast

phase normally inhabiting GI tract,
URT, genitals. They reproduce by
Brain: encephalitis,
20 82 dog Candida spp budding and proliferate as
granulomatous, with hyphae
blastoconidia (budding yeat like cells),
or as pseudohyphae, and branhced
septate hyphae
 Spinal cord: Infarct, with
fibrovartilaginous emboli fibrocartilaginous emboli, and most found in large breed dogs (Type
83 bovine
(FCEM) necrosis of gray and white 2 disc disesae)
matter

Lambs on well fed heavy milking ewea are most

Focal symmetrical encephalomalacia
susceptible. Epsilon toxin acts on vasular
Clostridium perfringens type Thalamus: Necrosis, multifocal caused by exotoxin of C perfringens D
84 Lamb endothelium --> edema in basal ganglia,
D with spongiosis and edema (epsilon toxin)/ also called chronic
thalamus, internal capsule, substantia nigra,
enterotoxemia.
subcortical white matter, and cerebellum

Alpha toxin, gas gangrene,

Intravascular hemolysis
Type A Clostridium toxins
(yellow lamb disease), colitix X
maybe, food borne illness

Alpha, beta, epsilon,

Enterotxemia in lambs, calves,
Type B and foals (lamb dysentery- Alpha toxin membranes, hemolysis and necrosis
acute hemorrhagic enteritis <2
weeks old).

Alpha and beta- adult

pathgogen of sheep (struck-
hemorrhagic enteritis- first few
Type C Beta
weeks) , goats and cattle as
well as lambs folas and calves
and piglets (<8 days). necrosis and increased vasular permeability

Alpha and iota- Intestinal

Type E disease in calves, lambsm and Epsilon
rabbits
iota
85 Raccoon Lymphoma cerebrum: lymphoma, T cell also cutaneous involvement

Skin: follicular atrophy, diffuse, Pancreatic exocrine adenocarcinoma,

complete follicular atrophy on the ventrum and
with epidermal hyperplasia and biliary duct carcinoma can cause
21 86 Cat Paraneoplastic alopecia smooth glistening gross appearance are
with mild lymphocytic paraneoplastic alopecia for unkown
diagnostic for this condition.
perivascular dermatitis reasons

Skin/ MC junction: Dermatitis, ddx: Pemphigus erythematosis

Immune mediated and cheilitis, superficial (crossover from pemphigus to lupus),
87 dog
dermatitis lymphoplasmacytic with Pemphigus foliaceus (Both have
intracorneal pustules subcorneal pustules and acantholysis)

DLE: lichenoid interface dermatitis, hydropic

Furunculosis and intraepithelial ddx; Mucocutaneous pyoderma and degeneration of basal cells, thickened basement
discoid Lupus
pustules containing bacteria Discoid Lupus Erythematosus membrane, acantholysis, mononuclear
inflammation
 Skin: Vesicular dermatitis,
multifocal, severe with
balooning degeneration,
88 Tamarin Cowpox virus (orthopox)
epithelial syncytia and
eosinophilic ICIB (Guarnieri
bodies)
Haired skin: Dermatitis and
folliculitis (or perifollicular and
perivascular), lymphocytic and
89 Bovine Dermatophytosis
eosinophilic, chronic, focal with
hyperkeratosis and
intracorneal pustules
Nasopharynx: Rhinitis,
Sprague
22 90 Aspergillus fumigatus necrotizing and suppurative
Dawley Rat
with intralesional fungi
Lungs: Bronchitis, bronchiolitis,
and peribronchitis,
Metastrongylus sp lymphoplasmacytic and
91 Feral pig
(lungworms) eosinophilic and pneumonia
with intra-airway adult
stongyles
Skin: Ulcer, locally extensive
92 Fish grayling Saprolegnia
with superficial zoosporangia
Scaled skin and skeletal
Iridophoroma
muscle: Iridophoroma
Mammary gland:
Galactophoritis,
necrosuppurative with
93 bovine BHV-4
eosinophilic INIB in ductal
epithelium and bacteria with
squamous metaplasia
Uterus: SIPS, or ulceration,
SIPS (Subinvolution of necrosis and hemorrhage with
23 94 dog
Placental sites) invasion by placental
trophoblast cells
Aside from orthopox viruses, these can
cause disease in humans:
cats can be infected and transmit virus
Parapoxviruses: Orf, pseudocowpox,
bovine papular stomatitis
Trychophyton verrucosum- Trichophytin- causes epidermal hyperplasia and
keratinolytic branched septate hyphae follicular hyperplasia (hyperplasia and
and penetrate hair cuticle hyperkeratosis)
comparative pathology: horses- guttural pouch
Aspergillus hyphae are 3-6 um wide
mycosis and abortion, Birds- air sacculitis, and
with septae with parallel walls and
tracheitis, Cattle- abortion, mycotic dermatitis in
dichotomous branching
fetuses, rumenitis; Canine- rhinitis
Metastongyle- intestine is composed of few
multinucleate cells with microvillous border with
hypertrophy of bronchiolar smooth
coelomyarian musculature. Lateral chords and
muscle
female reproductive tracts with eggs containing
developing larvae
Oomycete- grossly white to grey
proliferative cotton-like growth on skin colorless aseptate hyphae
or gills
Chromatophoromas are contractile
pigment cell tumors arising from
Other pigments masses: Melanophores (black or
dermal chromatophores, most are
brown), iridophores with colorless pigment
benign. Iridophoromasa re
(purines), erythrophores (red), xanthophores
characterized by olive-green granular
(yellow)
pigment which is bi-refringent in
polarized light
probably secondary to bacterial BHV-4 is gammaherpesvirus (Mastitis, abortion,
mastitis metritis, vaginitis, enteritis, pneumonia)
Alphaherpes virus- BHV-1 (IBR, infectious
pustular vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis), BHV-2
(Mammilitis), BHV-5 (encephalitis)
Persistent bloddy discharge post-
partum- 7-12 weeks--Looks
histologically similar to normal
involution but takes longer.

Placenta: Multifocal necrosis
with mild placentitis,
95 Horse fetus Encephalitozoon spp
lymphocytic with gram positive 1-2 um, obligate intracellular parasite
birefringent (like toxoplasma)
Uterus: Decidual reaction
(deciduoma) with myometrial
96 CD1 Mouse Decidual reactions
infiltration and endometritis,
suppurative
97 Dog Hermaphrodite Goands: Bilateral ovotestis
Female born as a co-twin to a
male and is XX/XY chimera
(?), anastomoses between
placental circulations allow
Freemartin
androgens to influence female
development, thereby
supressing female genital
development
Heart: Pyogranulomatous and
Pseudallescheria and necrotizing myocarditis, with
24 98 Dog Scedosporium fingal hyphae and
apiospermum chlamydospores or intercalary
swellings (chlamydoconia)
colon: Necrosuppurative colitis
with ICIB and occasional
99 bovine Rinderpest syncytia, diphtheritic
membrane, lymphoid necrosis,
crypt herniation
Pancreas: Pancreatitis,
granulomatous, with nodular
100 dog Heterobilharzia americana
regeneration, interstitial
fibrosis, and trematode eggs
Spores are ingested and inject sporoplasm into
host cell--> Asexual merogony --> differentiation
Free and intraepithelial protozoa-- Oval
into sporoblasts (sporogony)--> develop into
spores in a parasiophorus vacuole --> rupture
and release into ECM
Other proliferative mouse uterus lesions:
uterus was enlarged with multiple
Histiocytic sarcomas, Schwannomas; Note: 2
nodular foci- deciduoma in the
lumens, one filled with neutrophils, the wall is
endometrium
filled with spindle cell.
SRY gene is essential for testicular
Peripheral zone of ovarian tissue and
differentiation, and MIS for Muellerian duct
a central zone of testicular tissue.
degeneration (however in humans 80% of
Germinal cells only in the ovarian parts
intersex are XX)
Common gross findings are vestigial
seminal vesicles, stunted ovaries, Central atrophic seminiferous tubuels, intersittial
hypoplastic vagina, enlarged clitoris, cells, and epididymis, surrounded by developing
and lack of communication between follicles
the vagina and uterus
most often a result of penetrating trauma and
Pseudallescheria boydii and its
respiration in immunocompromised patients.
asexual form Scedosporium
Includes cutaneous and systemic lesions. It is
apiospermum (Microascasceae)
virtually indistinguishable from Aspergillus
DDX- BVD (pestivirus), FMD (Picornavirus), IBR
(Alpha herpes), MCF (Gamma herpes), Vesicular
Morbillivirus of Paramyxoviridae-
Stomatitis (Rhabdovirus), Peste des petits
necrotic stomatitis and gastroenteritis
ruminants (Paramyxovirus), Bluetongue
(reovirus; small ruminants)
Life cycle: Adults live in vascular system after
migrating thorugh parenchymal organs--> eggs
Heterobilharzia- spherical to oval ova in mesenteric vessels --> penetrate intestinal
with miracidia in pancreas and mucosa --> pass out in feces --> Miracidia
intestine. released into water --> penetrate into snails -->
form sporocysts --> develop into cercariae -->
leave snail and penetrate the skin of mammals
Male and female are permanently coupled, eggs
produce the most severe lesions,
Comparative: Schistosoma bovis and
microgranulomas in the liver, spleen, brain, and
japonicum are the most pathogenic in
others. Adults can cause eosinophilic
cattle and sheep
endophlebitis with intimal proliferation and
thrombosis
 affects middle aged cairn terriers and
Eye: Uveal melanosis, diffuse, may be unilateral or bilateral.
with peripheral synechiae, Melanocytes and melanomacrophages
101 Dog Melanocytic glaucoma
retinal atrophy and proliferate in the filtration angle,
detachment and KCS episcleral tissue, and subconjunctival
tissues, ocular fundus, and meninges.

Typically it consists of a mix of gastric

Esophagus: Esophagitis, cardia-type mucosa and intestinal Cornifying epithgelium transforms to a mucoid
Rhesus proliferative with gastric goblet cells. It is a sequel to chronic secretiing and glandular epithelium, but no
25 102 Barret's Metaplasia
Macaque intestinal metaplasia, glandular gastric reflux and it is associated with parietal cells. also seen are squamous
abscesses and hyperplasia the risk of development of esophageal metaplasia of submucosal ducts
adenocarcinoma

Ultrastructure: Amyloid deposits are

Kidney: Membranous
irregular non-branching fibrils,
Spontaneous circulating glomerulonephritis with fibrosis
103 nu/nu Mouse Collagen= well organized fibrils with
ANA glomerulonephritis and protein casts and tubular
cross-banding; Immune complexes=
ectasia
electron dense granules

ICIB were hard to recognize, virus

accumulates in cytoplasm of
Liver: Hepatocellular DDX: hepatosis dietetica, aflatoxicosis,
PCV-2 with cyclosporine macrophages, mononuclear cells, and
104 Pig degeneration and necrosis cocklebur intoxication, gossypol intoxication,
(induced PMWS) histiocytes (in immunosuppressed
with cholestasis pyrrolizidine alkaloid, PCV-2,
animals viral antigen can be found in
nucleus as well)

Lungs: Pneumonia, Ricin derived from Castor oil plant

African Green
105 Ricin Toxicity fibrinohemorrhagic, interstitial, (Ricinus communis), results in
Monkey
necrotizing, with vasculitis inhibition of protein synthesis
 AFIP
Conference Slide Species etiology Disease Notes
2002-2003 2002-2003

Granulomatous/ pyogranulomatous hepatitis foals 1-3 months old, acquired by inhalation

The pulmonary form is more
with intracellular and extracellular gram positive or ingestion and spreads through
common than the intestinal form,
rods- virulence factors- Vap A generates macrophages. Most commonly results in
1 1 Horse Rhodococcus Equi and hepatic abscessations are
humoral response and there is blockage of bronchopneumonia with lymphadenitis, and
uncommon. Hypopyon has been
phagosome-lysosome fusion, also necrotoxins less ffrequently ulcerative colitis,
reported in systemic cases
and recruitment of macrophages osteomyelitis and hypopyon

Obese monkeys that lose weight

fast --> fatal fasting syndrome;
Pancreatic islets of Langerhans include:
Diabetic patients have
Esophagitis, necrotizing and ulcerative with Alpha, Beta, delta, and F cells and
2 Macaque Fatal fasting syndrome hyperglycemia and impaired
superficial yeast and pseudohyphae enterochromaffin cells- (insulin secreted by
chemotaxis, impaired adherence
Beta cells)
and phagocytosis, and impaired
killing of microorganisms
Hepatic lipidosis
Diabetes Islet amyloidosis, pancreas
Thyroid C Cells-Parafollicular cells, Often associated with multiple endocrine
Neuroendocrine pattern tumor in the neck; or Ultimobranchial cells are most neoplasms in Bulls and elevatved circulating
Thyroid C cell
3 Dog rarely lining follicles filled with colloid, and commonly seen in old Bulls, calcitonin levels, In dogs usually non-
carcinoma
variably positive for calcitonin horses, and lab rats, IHC + functioinal (MEN-Pheo, C cell carcinoma,
Calcitonin and Chromogranin A and Pituitary tumors)

Leukotoxin--> lethal to leukocytes

Fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia, oat cells and platelets of ruminants by the
Endotoxin activates macrophages to
4 Calf Mannheimia hemolytica (clusters of degenerate neutrophils with formation of cell membrane pores
release TNF, IL-1B, and IL-8
streaming nuclei) (similar oat cells found in
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia)

BRSV and BVD

3 microscopic variations: 1)
mesenchymal cells originating from
Circumscribed concentric neoplasm with
the periodontal ligament 2) abortive 2 neoplastic cell types- Stellate Reticulum
epithleial cells arranged in interdigitating cords
5 Mouse Ameloblastic odontoma tooth structures originating from and Ameloblastic epithelium, and forms
surroundign stellate cells; and a smaller area of
ameloblasts and odontoblasts, and enamel (toothlike structures)
poorly differentiated tooth components
3) well differentiated squamous
cells bounded by loose stroma

IFA- CAR bacillus, Parvovirus, Rat

ELISA- CAR bacillus, Mycoplasma
Bacterial Lung: Bronchopneumonia with abscess and Coronavirus/////////////////////////////////////////////Cul
6 Rat pulmonis, and Rat Coronavirus
bronchopneumonia bronchiectasis, suppurative, and pleuritis ture: Bordatella bronchiseptica, E coli, and
(Sialodacryoadenitis)
Staph aureus

M Pulmonis- common Corona virus- Pos sense, single

CAR- Gram negative, motile rod causes ciliary
cause of stranded, RNA virus, causes self
stasis, goblet cell hyperplasia, bronchiectasis,
bronchopneumonia with limiting lmyphoplasmacyutic
bronchiolitis, and mucopurulent
bronchiectasis and inflammation and necrosis of
bronchopneumonia
lymphoid hyperplasia salivary and nasolacrimal glands
 PMWS= 1) wasting 2) lymphoid PCV-2 alone is often subclinical, Add
Liver: Necrotizing hepatitis with ito cell
depletion or lymphohistiocytic Parvovirus = fatal disease/////////////////////////
7 Pig PCV-2 / PRRS proliferation, apoptotic bodies, bile stasis and
granulomatous inflammation in any PCV-1 is non pathogenic but may cause
bridging fribrosis
organ 3) PCV-2 in the lesions abortions

Comparative : Chicken anemia virus is

immunosuppressive, PBFD is progressive
results in malformed beaks and feather loss and
immunosuppressioin, Pigeon Circovirus causes
lymphocytosis leading to immunosuppression,
Porcine Parvovirus = SMEDI (Stillbirth,
Mummification, Embryonic Death, Infertility)

Flavivirus transmitted by Mosquitoes, horse

WNV typically in grey matter of
is dead end host (not viremic to spread)-
Meningoencephalomyelitis, lymphocytic and brain and grey and white in spinal
8 Horse West Nile Virus Clinical signs similar to EEE and EPM, JEV,
neutrophilic with neuronal necrosis cord- EEE is white matter only in
Borna, Rabies---------EHV-1 (histologically)
spinal cord
causes ischemic myeloencephalopathy

B cereus can casue skin and joint

Staph aureus is most common,
infections, meningitis, septicemia,
Necrotizing mastitis with gram positive spore- with Mannheimia, Pseudomonas
9 Goat Bacillus cereus pneumonia, endocarditis, and intraocular
forming bacilli with hemorrhage and coliforms and Avocado leaf
infections- Produces toxins like enterotoxin,
toxicity
hemolysin, PLC, emetic toxin

Dilation of lacteals, hypercellular

villi with lymphocytes plasma cells,
macrophages in muscularis and
Intestinal Intestinal lymphangiectasia with granulomatous Most comon cause of Protein losing
10 Dog serosal layers. Lymphatic vessels
lymphangiectasia lymphangitis enteropathy in dogs
are dilated and surrounded by
macrophages lymphocytes and
plasma cells
Focal areas of fibrosis (healed
Membranous glomerulopathy or Fibrosis with infarcts), interstitial inflammation,
Renal Fibrosis
glomerular sclerosis and interstitial nephritis thickening of Bowmans capsule,
sclerosis of glomerular tufts

cellular infiltrate concentrates

around the blood vessels and
glomeruli-----------DDX for MCF =
All other organs had vasculitis with
BVD (pestivirus), Bluetongue and
Ovine Herpesvirus-2 Kidney: Arteritis, fibrinonecrotic, lymphocytic, meningoencephalitis and periportal
11 Antelope Epizootic Hemorrhage Disease
(MCF) with periglomerular interstitial nephritis hepatitis-----------Gammaherpesvirus
(Orbivirus), and Rinderpest
replicates in T cells
(Morbillivirus), anf FMD
(Aphthovirus), Vesicular Stomatitis
(Vesiculovirus)

Leporipoxviruses include Rabbit

Haired Skin: Epidermal hyperplasia with
Shope Fibroma virus, Squirrel
12 Squirrel Leporipoxvirus orthokeratosis and balooning degeneration with Transmission via arthropod
fibroma virus, Hare fibroma virus,
ICIB and dermal mesenchymal cell proliferation
and Myxoma virus
 Soman is an organophosphate that
inhibits Cholinesterase, resulting in Salivation lacrimation, bronchoconstriction,
rapid accumulation of acetylcholine siezures. Neuronal necrosis is due to
13 Rat Soman toxicity Brain: Neuronal necrosis
and hyperstimulation of both increased glutamate release and hypoxia
central and peripheral cholinergic from prolonged siezures
sites
Heart: Myocardial degeneration and necrosis
with neutrophilic and histiocytic myocarditis
10-80um spherules, double
Inhalation of arthrospores, spherules
Lung: Pyogranulomatous pneumonia with contoured birefringent walls, 2-5
14 Goat Coccidiodes immitis develop and rupture releasing endospores
Coccidioides immitis spherules um endospores. PAS
and spreading infection.
demonstrates internal structures
Multicentric lesion in Rats affecting
the liver, spleen, lung, uterus---
Sprague Kidney: Histiocytic sarcoma, intravasular and Glomerulosclerosis was also seen (chronic
15 Histiocytic sarcoma Older SD rats predisposed to this.
Dawley Rat interstitial progressive glomerulopathy)
Often an increased fibroblastic
component

Zygomycetes- Non-contagious,
saprophytic, opportunistic
pathogens gain entry by wound--
Brain: Vasculitis, necrotizing with suppurative
16 Whale Zygomycetes vasculitis Hyphae are broad upt to 10 um, ddx: Aspergillus and Pythium
encephalitis and fungal hyphae
infrequently septate, non-parallel
and thin walled, with non-
dichotomous branching

Ubiquitous saprophytic conidiophores: 5-8 um diameter up to 300

Airsac: Pyogranulomatous airsacculitis with opportunistic pathogen. Hyphae um in length, become flask dhaped (20-30
17 Emu Aspergillus fumigatus
hyphae and conidiophores are parellel walled, 3-6 um with um in diameter), single row of Phialides
dichotomous branching which produce radiating chains of conidia

Bilateral seminoma- occasionally malignant and

locally invasive. Clinical presentation negative for c-kit and PLAP (in
18 Pigeon Seminoma
inclideslethargy, anorexia, increased contrast to human seminomas)
respiration, diarrhea, and abdominal distension

benign (mature) or malignant

(immature) based on anaplasia or
the presence of undifferentiated
Mixed germ cell tumor
Ovary: Mixed germ cell tumor (teratoma), elements. Teratocarcinomas are
19 Turtle (teratoma, yolk sac
mature and immature, and 10% yolk sac tumor undifferentiated malignant
tumor)
neoplasms containing features of
teratomas and embryonal
carcinomas and choriocarcinomas

Hyphae- 7-9 um wide, septate,

non-parallel and brown to green
Phaeohyphomycotic
pigment. From cultures ID base typically cutaneous infections but can occur
pneumonia Granulomatous pneumonia, heterophilic, with
20 Swan don chains of smooth brown or in lung and brain. Melanin is the pigment
(Cladiosporium pigmented hyphae
pigmented ellipsoidal, unbranched and a virulence factor
bantianum)
conidia arising from septate
conidiophores
 DDX: 1) Equine cutaneous lymphangitis
(Burkholderia mallei- glanders), and
Skin: Pyogranulomatous dermatitis and
3 clinical manifestations: Burkholderia pseudomallei
lymphangitis with pseudocarcinomatous
21 Horse Sporothrix schenkii Lymphocutaenous, fixed cutaneous (pseudoglanders) 2) Equine Ulcerative
epidermal hyperplasia and intralesional yeast
and disseminated Lymphangitis (Corynebacterium
(Sporothrix schenkii)
pseudotuberculosis), 3) Equine Epizootic
Lymphangitis (histoplasma farciminosi)

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada- Eye: Uveitis, granulomatous with intrahistiocytic DDX: Discoid lupus, SLE, Auto-immune Type IV hypersensitivity to
22 Dog
Like_syndrome melanin pigment with slcera involvment Pemphigus, and vitiligo melanin in humans

Skin: Dermatitis, superficial and periadnexal,

Arctic breeds and chows most
histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic with marked
affected
pigmentary incontinence and hyperkeratosis

M avium is an obligate intracellular

parasite, gram positive and acid
Small Intestine: Granulomatous enteritis with
23 Cat Mycobacterium avium fast- Cats are more susceptible to
intrahistiocytic bacilli
M bovis than M tuberculosis or
avium
Liver: Granulomatous hepatitis with
intrahistiocytic bacilli and severe centrilibular
necrosis

Release from hypobiotic state is

Lymphoplasmacytic colitis/ fibrinonecrotic colitis L3 is infective --> ingested --> lose synchronized by the loss of adults////
with myriad intralesional cyathostome larvae cuticle and enter mucosa of Strongyle Larvae ar characterized by a
24 Horse Cyathostomes
(small strongyles)/ Lymphadenitis, Peritonitis, intestine where they are pseudocoelom, platymyarian meromyarian
histiocytic and neutrophilic surrounded by fibrous capsule musculature, few multinucleate cells and
lacking mature goands

Necrotizing splenitis with intranuclear

25 Macaque Cytomegalovirus Remains latent in WBC's; ddx- CMV, Adenovirus
inlcusions; Spleen, Lymphoid depletion

attachment and damage to

Cecum and colon: Intestinal spirochetosis, enterocytes, limited to large Inflammation is minimal, causes erosive and
26 Macaque Brachyspira pilosicoli
apically attached elongated bacteria intestine, spread to lamina propria, ilcerative typhlocolitis in pigs
phagocytosed to macrophages

Hereditary Nephritis (HN)- inherited

breeds: Samoyeds, english cocker spaniels,
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with defect in the basement membrane
Hereditary nephropathy miniature bull terriers; Basement
27 Dog fibrosis and mild lymphoplasmacytic interstitial (Type IV) collagen resulting in
(Alports syndrome) membranes can be compared to those seen
nephritis progressive glomerulonephritis and
in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis
renal failure

Hemorrhagic nephritis of geese Gross Lesions: Edema and petechia,

Goose Hemorrhagic Kidney: Tubulointerstitial nephritis, necrotizing (HNEG): 4-10 weeks old, sudden ascites, hemorrhagic enteritis and nephritis::
28 goose
Polyomavirus with hemorrhage and focal urate accumulation death, dyspnea, diarrhea, CNS Histo- detachment of the tubular epithelium.
signs, Does not produce obvious inclusions

Malignant lymphoma, leukemia and

29 Rat Malignant lymphoma
hemangioma of the lymph node
hemangioma
Eye, Retina, photoreceptor layer, outer nuclear Loss of photoreceptor layer (apoptosis),
Mouse, Result of decreased acitivity of
30 Retinal degeneration layer, outer plexiform layer- degeneration and decrease in retinal vasulature----there are
FVB/NJ cGMP-phosphodiesterase
loss 16 known mutations
 primarily targets immature B cells, Bursa is
Infectious bursal IBDV serotype 1 (Birnavirus),
31 Chicken Cloacal bursa: Lymphoid depletion, diffuse grossly enlarged due to edema, hyperemia,
disease virus infection of 3-6 week old chickens
and hemorrhage

Y. enterocolitica, and
infect M cells and colonize the mucosal
pseudotuberculosis are
associated lymphoid tissue, bind to B1
Necrohemorrhagic enteritis and peritonitis with enteroinvasive and cause diarrhea,
32 Macaque Yersinia sp integrins (adherence to cells and ECM).
lymphangitis, fibrin thrombi dehydration, anorexia, and weight
Extracellular survival is mediate dby YopH,T
loss, necrotizing hepatitis, splenitis
and E (disrupts macrophage cytoskeletons)
and lymphadenitis

Other large colony forming bacteria

include: Actinomyces,
DDX: Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella,
Arcanobacter, Clostridium,
Entamoeba histolytica
Staphylococcus, and
Streptococcus (YAACSS)

Histo features of DI: irregular arrangement

OI lesions include- osteopenia,
and reduction in numnbers of dentin
Dentin dysplasia Dentinogenesis imperfects (DI) can occur excessive bone fragility, skeletal
tubules, Basophilic lines (mineralization
33 Llama (Dentinogenesis inconjunction with Osteogenesis imperfecta or deformity, joint laxity, translucent
fronts), pre-dentin layer in irregular in
imperfecta) as a separate disease teeth, otosclerosis, and blue-tinged
thickness and stains weakly, the
sclera
Odontoblasts are small and disorganized

Multifocal necrotic areas with

Osteomyelitis, granulomatous, Osteolysis,
central eosinophilic material
34 Iguana Cellulitis Fibrous metaplasia, osseus and chondroid ddx: Salmonella (gram negative)
surrounded by MNGC, perivasculat
metaplasia
histiocytes and lymphocytes,

Reactive bone
Osteomyelitis / Canine
Grossly, firm diffuse swellings of
Hypertrophic Necrosuppurative Osteomyelitis with trabecular
the distal radial and ulnar
35 Dog Osteodystrophy fractures and extra-periosteal fibro-osseus
metaphyses, and tibia;l
(Metaphyseal proliferation and retained cartilage cores
metaphyses
osteopathy)

degenerative chondrocytes were irregular,

Metaphyseal plates were mildly calcified cartilage was poorly formed, most
Chondrodysplasia and dyshematopoiesis (IL-
36 Holstein OX Chondrodysplasia thickened and had many cartilage chondrocytes in the resting zone were
1B, FGF, BMP)
canals lined with flat shaped cells pyknotic. The chondroid matrix was
granular or fibrous not smooth

Histo features: primitive glomeruli, gross: huge size, abdominal

abortive tubules, loose spindle enlargementreported in humans, dogs, cats,
37 Rat Nephroblastoma Embryonal nephroma, Wilms Tumor stroma, mixed differentiation to horses, sheep, swine, chickens, rabbits, and
striated muscle, collagen, cartilage, rats---DDX in rats includes, renal carcinoma
bone, and adipose tissue and renal mesenchymal tumor
 Study of SV40 induced lymphoma in hamsters
(polyomavirus). Oncogenic DNA virus causes
leukemia, lymphoma, mesothelioma, pulmonary involves the serosa mesentery forms many exophytic papillary fronds---
38 Hamster Mesothelioma carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pituitary tumors, pancreas and is contiguous with Morphology- epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and
thyroid tumors and persistent renal infections in the mesothelium of the peritoneum mixed (biphasic)
monkeys\ Tag (large T antigen) can inactivate
tumor suppressor gene products like p53 and rb

Transverse section of the

abdomen- epidermis and epidermal
Stomach: dysplasia, segmental, p63 knockout Keratinocytes are columnar with
39 Mouse Epithelial dysplasia appendages are absent, the
mouse keratohyaline granules,
outermost cells in the skin are
spindle shaped (exposed dermis),

Dysplasia with erosion and ulceration; p63

knockout- required for maintanenece of
Epidermal hypoplasia progenitor cells (homologous to p53); limb
truncation is due to failure to maintain apical
ectodermal ridge (stratified epithelium)

lymphocytes, plasma cells,

Cervical spinal cord: Meningitis, Can be found in any dog breed with
macrophages, periarterial with loss
40 Dog Beagle Pain Syndrome pyogranulomatous with fibrinonecrotic arteritis Beagles, Bernese MTn Dogs, and Boxers
of cellular structure in arterioles
and mild lymphoplasmacytic myelitis overepresented
and accumulation of neutrophils

DDX: Pug dog encephalitis (non-suppurative,

necrotizing, cerebral hemishperes), Old dog
encephalitis (lymphoplasmacytic perivascular
cuffing, demyelination, rare inclusions), GME
(lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic perivascular
cuffing, with nests of epithelioid macrophages in
the cuffs, white matter and meninges

Grossly white nodules looked like

neoplasia, but composed of
Lung: Pneumonia, pyogranulomatous, with
41 Horse Histoplasma capsulatum macrophages neutrophils plasma
intrahistiocytic yeast
cells and MNGC. Most
macrophages were filled with yeast

Renal dysplasia with decreased glomeruli,

mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, autosomal recessive claudin
42 Calf Renal Dysplasia
tubular epithelial hypertrophy, hyperplasia and deficiency (tight junctions)
disorganization and chronic interstitial nephritis
 DRIPS clade: Dermocystidium, granulomatous mucous membrane disease,
Rosette agent, Ichthyophonus, forming a polypoid mass; 1) the trophocyte
Psorospemium------DDX: (juvenile sporangia) is 10-100 um, with 2-3
Nasal mucosa: rhinitis, proliferative, with Coccidioides, Prototheca, um hyalinized wall, a central nucleus
43 Dog Rhinosporidium seeberi erosion and ulceration, squamous metaplasia Chlorella( Rhinosporidium (karyosome) and prominent nucleolus. 2)
and numerous sporangia and throphocytes sporangia and endospores stain Intermediate sporangia lack nucleus and
with GMS, PAS, and Gridley, but have thicker wall. 3) Mature sporangia are
only the wall of Coccidioides stain from 100-400 um with wall, no nucleus, and
with PAS contain numerous endospores (2-10um)

other possible lesions: initial

Comparative: H agni in goats (resp and
widespread vasculitis and vascular
mammary infections), H parasuis (fibrinous
necrosis (LPS
Histophilus somni Fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia with polyserositis, polyarthritis), H.
44 Ox endotoxin);;septicemia, thrombotic
(Haemophilus somnus) interlobular edema and numerous coccobacilli paragallinarum in chickens (infectious
meningoencephalitis, pneumonia,
coryza, upper respiratory tract infection,
pleuritis, myocarditis, reproductive
infraorbital sinusitis)
failure, arthritis

Well circumscribed mass of fat, Teratoma: multiple germ lines, Ectoderm

muscle, nervous tissue, sebaceous (nervous, oral and nasal mucosa,
Left adrenal gland: teratoma, mature (well glands, hairshafts, follicles, and epidermis), Mesoderm (CT, muscle, bone,
45 Ferret Teratoma
differentiated) large cysts within the adrenal urogenital, cardiovascular), Endoderm
cortex. Dense fibrous connective (Gastrointesstinal epithelium, respiratory
tisse epithelium, and glands)

Grain overload, ruminal lactic acidosis: -->

overgrowth of Strep bovis, and Lactobacillus
spp --> increased lactic acid --> low pH
below 5 --> volatile Fatty Acids produced in
early stages --> absorbed and cause rumen
epithelial hyperplasia with vesicles.
46 Calf Lactic acidosis Reticulum: Reticulitis, with multifocal ulceration stasis --> dehydration results from
Neutrophils
increased rumen osmolality--> systemic
acidosis results and circulatory collapse
occurs--> secondary bacterial and mycotic
infections can result, and rumen mucosa
sloughs

ddx: injection site reaction, atypical

Skin: Dermal and subcutaneous angioinvasive Lymphomatoid granulomatosis=
Malignant lymphoma, histiocytic proliferation, lymphohistiocytic
47 Dog lymphoma (T cell) with lymphohistiocytic angiotropic lymphoma. Subdivided
angioinvasive inflammation, histiocytic sarcoma, malignant
vasculitis and necrosis into angiocentric and angioinvasive
histiocytosis.

EE's can have suppurative inflammation

early, VEE and EEE can have necrotizing
trigeminal ganglion: ganglionitis, non-
vasculitis with thrombosis; EPM there is
suppurative, diffuse, with neuronal ddx: rabies (ss (-) RNA), EEE,
necrosis axonal swelling and hemorrhage
48 Horse Rabies virus degeneration, satellitosis, neuronophagia, and WEE, VEE, WNV, EHV-1,
with eosinophils and macrophages; EIA can
intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions (Negri Sarcocystis neurona, EIA
occasionally have non-suppurative to
bodies)
granulomatous encephalomyelitis centered
on ventricles and leptomeninges

Spinal cord: Poliomyelitis, non-suppurative, wit
hemorrhage and vacuolation, neuronal
degeneration, and inclusions
different variants exist (skunk, Replication initially in myocytes then
raccoon, and bat) Bat variant spreads to sensory neurons and to the
causes most human cases; bites CNS. Then goes to salivary gland
are undetected or spread through epithelium and replicates then buds into the
aerosols saliva

arsenic ingibits sulfur containing amino

Kidney- Tubular necrosis, segmental and cows ate ash from pile of burned
acids and binds to sulfhydryl groups as in
49 Ox Arsenic toxicity medullary, with granular casts (along with feceposts (wood preservative-
pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-
multifocal hepatic necrosis) copper-chrome-arsenate)
ketoglutarase (no oxidative phosphorylation)

cocklebur (Xanthium spp)

ddx: cestrum parqui, Helichrysum, trema,
Liver: Necrosis, centrilobular to midzonal, -carboxyatractyloside- inhibits
50 Ox Xanthium toxicity Microcystis aeruginosa, blue-green algae,
diffuse, with congestion and hemorrhage oxidative phosphorylation and
rift valley fever
binds adenine nucleotides

Vicia (legume; seeds and vegeatative):

Lesions also found in: kidneys,
cyanogenic glycosides, photosensitization:
adrenal glands, lymph nodes,
Heart: Granulomatous and eosinophilic 3 clinical manifestations- a) acute
Vicia villosa tocicity spleen, periportal liver, mammary
51 Ox myocarditis, with myocardial degeneration and neurological, b) swelling and mucosal
(Hairy Vetch) gland, thyroid gland, ovaries,
necrosis (toxic myocarditis) eruptions, cyanosis, cough, followed by
uterus, lungs, leptomeninges,
death, c) systemic granulomatous
perivascular encephalitis
inflammation (SGI) with dermatitis

Sarcocystis sp incidental finding

Blocks DNA/RNA/ and protein synthesis:
toxicity to heart not related to anti-tumor
Adriblastin (anthracyclin antiobiotic
Heart: myocarditis, necrotizing, non-suppurative properties: DDX- nutritional deficiency,
52 Dog Adriblastin toxicity and chemotherapeutic): AKA
with amyloidosis of small arteries metabolic disorder, chemical and plant
doxirubicin
toxicity, brain injury/ Puppies- herpes,
parvo, morbillivirus, Vit E se deficiency

birds do not have cutaneous

adnexal glands other than the
uropygial gland; the sections
contain a decalcified humerus with
Humerus: Mucinous carcinoma of air sac origin/ a well-differentitated mucinous
air sacs are lined by single layer of
53 Cockatoo Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma, cystic and mucinous with carcinoma seen as large papillae
epithelium supported by mesothelial serosa.
stromal osseous metaplasia` containing acini with mucinous
columnar epithelium within air-sacs
lined by squamous epithelium (with
transformation from squamous to
mucinous epithelium can be seen)

Aboeba is transmitted by ingestion Trophozoites are 10-15 micrometers with

Liver: Necrotizing and granulomatous hepatitis of cysts shed from feces. The single nucleus with single central endosome
54 Lizard Entamoeba invadens with intralesional protozoa/ amoeba trophzoites cysts develop into trophozoites in and a ring pf peripheral granules; Cysts are
and trematode eggs the intestine and invade the 11-20 mcm with 4 nuclei (member of the E
mucosa of the GI tract Histolytica group)
 Apicomplexan parasite: (conoid,
Liver: Mononuclear cell proliferation, rhoptries, polar rings, micronemes,
multinodular, with intracytoplasmic protozoa subpellicular microtubules)- Self
55 Thrush Atoxoplasma sp
and intravascular monocytic cytoplasmic limiting disease except in
protozoa fledglings- causes
hepatosplenomegaly grossly

Mononuclear cell
due to the protozoa
proliferation
Lung: Granulomatous pneumonia with
suppurative bronchopneumonia, bronchiectasis
56 Hedgehog Mycobacterium sp
and interstitial fibrosis, type II pneumocyte
hyperplasia
HPV- oncogenic papillomavirus
E6 binds to p53 and accelerated its
Squamous cell produce E6 and E7 oncoproteins
57 Macaque cervix: Squamous cell carcinoma degradation, E7 binds and inactivates Rb
carcinoma which inhibit tumor suppresion
thereby deregulating the G1/S checkpoint
genes p53 and Rb
Most tumors arise from the subsurface
Sex-cord stomal tumors are
epithelial structures (papillary adenoma,
derived from- the normal hormone
Sex-cord stromal tumor, papillary adenocarcinoma, cystadenoma,
58 Dog Ovary: Sex-cord stromal tumor, luteinized secreting apparatus (Granulosa
luteinized cyst adenocarcinoma///Germ cell tumors
thecal cell tumor, and interstitial cell
include- dysgerminoma, teratoma, and
tumor (luteoma)
embryonal carcinoma
Chorioallantois: Necrotizing and suppurative
3-5um yeast forming
59 Horse Candida spp placentitis with intralesional yeasts and
pseudohyphae;
pseudohyphae
ddx: Strep zooepidemicus, E coli,
Lepto, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella,
Chorioallantois: necrosuppurative placentitis
60 Horse Nocardoform placentitis Aspergillus, Absidia, mucor,
with branhcing filamentous bacteria
rhizopus, Candida, Histoplasma,
EHV-, EAV

Myxozoan parasite- distinguished

from other protozoa by the
presence of polar capsules and
Intestine: Enteritis, lymphocytic, diffuse, with valved multicellular spores during
61 Sea Bream Myxidium leei
intraepithelial protozoa their life cycle- Use PAS or Giemsa
to demonstrate polar capsules,
Acid Fast stains demonstrate
mature spores

Prototheca- 5-20 um with thin cell

Intestine: enteritis, pyogranulomatous with algal
62 Dog Prototheca sp wall with large sporangia P. zopfii and P wickerhamii
organisms
containing multiple

other lesions- choroid retina,

Heart: Myocarditis, pyogranulomatous,
subretinal space, mastitis is cattle,
multifocal with algal organisms
dermatitis in cats and humans

Malignant mammary tumors in rats

In mice carcinomas are most common
63 Rat Fibroadenoma Mammary Gland: Fibroadenoma include adenoarcoma and
whereas fibroadenoma's are rare
carcinosarcoma
 Pig, hamster, rabbit, birds, in mice
Ileum and Jejunum: Enteritis, proliferative and
64 Rabbit Lawsonia intracellularis also with suppurative peritonitis Citrobacter rodentium causes rare colonic
histiocytic with intracellular bacteria
hyperplasia and bacteria are extracellular

Membranous glomerulitis, lymphoplasmacytic

Gastric dilatation and chronic
Chronic progressive vasculitis and perivasculitis, tubular
65 Mouse nephropathy in mice exposed to
nephropathy degeneration and regeneration, casts,
dirty bedding
interstitial nephritis

presence of numerous glandular

66 Macaque Adenocarcinoma Nasal Cavity: Adenocarcinoma structures and continuity of these
cells with the supporting cells

Phalloidin- interacts with actin in GI

DDX- Acetominophen, Microcystis,
Amanita phalloides Liver: Hepatocyte degeneration and loss, smooth muscle;; Amatoxins-
67 Dog Cocklebur, Cycad palm, Aflatoxin, Phenol,
toxicity centrilobular to mid-zonal alpha amantin- binds to RNA pol II
Carprofen
and inhibits protein synthesis

Myxomavirus- Leporipoxvirus-
Unique Histo features- proliferation of cells
Skin, ear: Atypical mesenchymal proliferation, South american type and
in the walls of BV, and large stellate
Myxoma virus myxomatous, with epithelial hyperplasia and Californian type that causes lethal
68 Rabbit myxoma cells:::: Other Leporipoxviruses=
(myxomatosis) balooning degeneration and intracytoplasmic disease of myxomatosis in
Shope fibroma, hare fibroma, Squirrel
inclusion bodies (myxomatosis) European rabbit- transmitted by
fibroma
arthropods
kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
distinguishing features- simulataneous
membranoproliferative, global, diffuse with
other lesions- skin, CNS, heart, glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis and
69 Dog Canine Lyme nephritis tubular dilation, proteinosis, necrosis and
joints regeneration, tunular dilation and
regeneration and mild lymphoplasmacytic
lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis
interstitial nephritis

Other Swine Helminths: Stomach worm

Acanthocephalans- Lack digestive
tract, have a thick hypodermis,
lacunar channels, proboscis and
Small Intestine: eosinophilic granuloma with lemnisci. eggs are oval with 3
Macracanthorhynchus
70 Pig intralesional acanthocephalan; or Enteritis, envelopes; Vertebrate must ingest
hirudinaceus
necrotizing and pyogranulomatous transmural an invertebrate with an infective
acanthor (cystacanth stage).
Adults embed in the intestine wall
and may perforate the intestine.
(Hyostrongylus rubidus), Roundworm
(Ascaris suum), Strongyle
(Oesophagostomum dentatus), Whipworm
(Trichuris suis), Kidney worm (Stephanurus
dentatus), Lungworm (Metastrongylus apri),
Cestodes (Taenia hydatigena, Taenia
solium/Cysticercus cellulosae,
Echinococcus granulosus), Trematodes
(Fasciola hepatica, and gigantica, and in the
lung Paragonimus kellicotti)

Listeria gain entry via damaged mucosa or

Spinal cord: Myelitis, suppurative, subacute,
Malacia of grey matter, skin and through the trigeminal nerve to the
focally extensive with multifocal meningitis and
hypertrophic microglia, vessels brain; focal gliosis and microabscesses
71 Sheep Listeria monocytogenes few gram positive bacilli (virulence factors-
have hypertrophic endothelium and (neutrophils) and central necrosis usually
hemolysin, listeriolysin-O (intramacrophagic
perivascular cuffing restricted to the brain stem (Pons medulla,
multiplication)
thalamus and spinal cord).

DDX: Maple Syrup Urine Disease (alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase mutation;

death in 6 days), Canavan disease in humans; Staining with luxol fast blue
Brain: white matter and brainstem- Spongiosus,
72 Calf Spongiosis indictaes myelin preservation (not typical of Canavan dz), Congenital cerebral
diffuse
edema (horned herefords), Citrullinemia (holstein-fresian), BSE (vacuolation in
neuropil and neurons in brainstem nuclei)
 Adult, aged cats in the
caudoventral abdominal wall and DDX- hemangiosarcoma,
Feline ventral
mammary glands; Grossly it is red- lymphangiosarcoma (call it angiosarcoma to
73 Cat abdominal Skin: feline ventral abdominal angiosarcoma
black, plaque like with avoid controversy of blood vs lymphatic
angiosarcoma
serosanguinous exudation and origin).
varies from firm to soft

Haired skin: Panniculitis, lymphofollicular and

granulomatous, with pseudocyst formation, and proposed pathogenesis: focla complement
Toy or small breeds, especially
Post-rabies vaccination rare intrahistiocytic amphophilic foreign mediated cutaneous vasculitis of deep
74 Dog poodles, and develops 3-6 months
alopecia material, with marked adnexal atrophy, mild dermal and subcutaneous arterioles;
post vaccination
epidermal hyperplasia, and orthokeratotic vasculitis is not always present.
hyperkeratosis

bening neoplasm of adult rabbits.

Basal cell tumors should
recapitulate the basal cell layer of
Basal cell tumor the normal epidermis. WHO
75 Rabbit Haired skin: Basal cell tumor (trichoblastoma)
(trichoblastoma) classifes trichoblastoma as a
beingn tumor showing
differentiation to primitive hair germ
of the developing follicle

Haired skin and subcutis: Dermatitis,

necrotizing or ulcerative and proliferative or
76 Pig Suipoxvirus
acanthotic with balooning degeneration.
Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions
Kidney: Arteritis, granulomatous, segmental
with moderate multifocal plasmacytic and
77 Dog Polyarteritis nodosa histiocytic interstitial nephritis, focal neutrophilic
medullary nephritis and multifocal interstitial
fibrosis
Lyme- glomerulonephritis with tubular dilation
ddx morphs and necrosis and regeneration with
lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis
transmitted by the pig louse ddx: vesicular skin diseases; they can be
(hematopinus suis) or mosquito; ruled out by inclusions, balooning
suipoxvirus in the family poxviridae degeneration and epithelial proliferation
Transmural necrotizing
ddx: Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira
inflammation to small to medium
interrogans, Ehrlichia canis,
sized muscular arteries=
Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Rickettsia
polyarteritis nodosa. Believed to
rickettsii
be Type III hypersensitivity
Leptospirosis- Interstitial
Ehrlichia- Interstitial lymphoplasmacytic
lymphoplasmacytic nephritis, with
nephritis centering on glomeruli, and
histiocytic inflammation,
plasmacytic vasculitis at the
neutrophilic tubulitis and tubular
corticomedullary junction
degeneration and necrosis

Greyhounds- idiopathic cutaneous and renal

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever glomerular vasculopathy causing cutaneous
(rickettsia)- Necrotizing vasculitis of ulceration, limb edema, and peracute renal
E cuniculi- Plasmacytic to granulomatous
small veins, capillaies and glomerular sclerosis. This resembles
interstitial nephritis and may cause
arterioles with perivascular hemolytic-uremic syndrome of humans.
granulomatous arteritis
neutrophils, lymphocytes and Kidney lesions include fibrin thrombi within
macrophages glomerular capillaries, necrosis and
hemorrhage.

Phase 1 is suppurative and Phase

ARDS- adult respiratory distress syndrome.
2 has hyaline membrane formation
Lung: Bronchiolitis, necrotizing, with diffuse Characterized by diffuse alveolar and
and fibrosis (interstitial pneumonia).
Smoke inhalation necrotizing fibrinous interstitial pneumonia and capillary damage. Relase of TNF and IL-8
78 Dog Injury to respiratory mucosa can
toxicity multifocal black isotropic intrahistiocytic and by macrophages results in further tissue
be due to heat, gases, or soot.
extracellular pigment damage, edema, fibrin, and hyaline
Loss if ciliary funtion and mucosal
membrane formation
edema are early changes.
 Adenom with atypia was diagnosed based
histologic features vary from
invasion of the sclera or choroid and a low
papillary to solid and pigmented to
mitotic rate and a solid pattern; PAS stain
79 Dog Iridocilliary adenoma Eye, Iridociliary adenoma with atypia non-pigmented. They rarely
distinguishes this from metastatic carcinoma
metastasize regardless of
(cells or iridociliary neoplasms are
appearance of malignancy
surrounded by BM)

Renal dysplasia- disorganized development

Kidneys: Cysts, glomerular, with glomerular tuft of renal parenchyma due to anomalous
Glomerular polycystic Usually cystic dilatation of tubules
80 Dog atrophy and multifocal chronic interstitial differentiation. Fetal glomeruli, immature
kidney disease is more common.
nephritis with fibrosis tubules, primitive mesenchyme, persistent
metanephric ducts

Granulocytic and monocytic

leukemias are anatomically located
in both red and white pulp.
Neoplastic cells are positive for hemoglobin
Erythroleukemia Neoplastic cells of erythroleukemia
Spleen, red pulp: Erythroleukemia, NIH swiss peroxidase (erythroid lineage), negative ofr
81 Mouse (Spleen focus forming are in the red pulp only and form
mouse lysozyme (myeloid), and neg for CD79a and
virus- retrovirus) sheets of erythroid precursors that
CD3 (lymphoid)
replace myeloid progenitors and
megakaryocytes with compression
of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths

spleen: Extramedullary hematopoiesis

Clin path- Iron transported in blood
Liver: Hepatocellular degeneration and
bound to transferrin and by Hyperammonemia is caused by decreased
necrosis, centrilobular to midzonal, with oval
82 Horse Iron toxicosis hephaestin and ceruloplasmin. Iron functional hepatic mass ( decr. ammonia -->
cell and biliary proliferation, megalocytosis and
typically occupies 1/3 of the urea) resulting in hepatic encephalopathy
intracytoplasmic golden brown pigment
transferrin.

Fibroplasia of the bone marrow in dogs it is associated with congenital

with little to no fat- loose fibrous pyruvate kinase deficiency, marked EMH in
83 Goat Myelofibrosis Bone Marrow: Myelofibrosis, diffuse, moderate connective tissue and fusiform to response to anemia (due to myelophthisis);
stellate fibroblasts with Dacryocytes are seen in peripheral blood
hemaotpoietic islands. (tear drop shaped poikilocytes)

IN arabian foals an inherited T and B

Native UK breed "Fell Pony"- lymphocyte funtional abnormality (PK
Fell Pony anemia, Lung: bronchiolitis and peribronchiolitis with Inherited B cell deficiency- mutation) (SCID). X-linked SCID also
84 Pony immunodeficiency, adenoviral inclusions (No explanation of decreasing progressively- also has occurs in Basset Hounds and Corgi's
ganglionopathy ganglionopathy) anemia, ganglionopathy and (normal T cell numbers but they are non-
immunodeficiency responsive to mitogenic stimuli due to a
defect in the gamma chain of IL-2 receptor

Widened folia, Purkinje cells are rarely

Dysplastic recognized, normal granular cell layer is not
gangliocytoma apparent, spongiosis in white matter.
Cerebellum: Dysplastic gangliocytoma, or Resemble Lhermitte-Duclos
85 Horse (Lhermitte Duclos Border between molecular layer and
cerebellar dysplasia Disease (LDD) in humans
Disease, cerebellar granular layer is indiscernible. The
dysplasia) thickened granular layer contains cells with
clear nuclei and prominent nucleoli
 Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a Possible causes- mutation of survival motor
Spinal Cord: Ventral motor neuron
LMN disease- neurofibrillary neuron gene (SMN), or persistence of
86 Ox Spinal muscular atrophy degeneration, necrosis, loss with central
accumulation involving the neurons apoptosis by mutation in gene for Neuronal
chromatolysis, satellitosis, and glial nodules
of the ventral horn and brain stem. Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP)

edema and vacuolar change

Result of vascular stenosis induced by
affecting the folia. A central area
Cerebellum: Necrosis, focally extensive, with atherosclerotic lesions, dirofilaria migration,
87 Dog Infarction near the medulla is necrotic and
spheroids (infarction) hypercoaguable states associted with
small arteries near this lesion are
nephritic syndrome
affected by endothelial hyperplasia

DDX: CSF (Flavivirus), ASFV (Asfarviridae),

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis
virus (HEV, Coronavirus), Ontario
encephalomyelitis virus and Rabies
PEV (picorniviridae). Lymphocytic (Rhabdovirus), Pseudorabies (Herepes),
Porcine
Spinal cord: Myelitis, non-suppurative, and histiocytic cells in neuropil with Cocksakie virus B5 (Picornaviridae-Swine
88 Pig poliencephalomyelitis
multifocal with neuronal necrosis and radiculitis cuffing. Motor neurons are Vesic Dis), Porcine rubulavirus
(Porcine Teschovirus)
degenerating (Paramyxoviridae), PRRSV (Arteriviridae),
encephalomyocarditis virus (Picornaviridae),
Bacterial meningoencephalitis (Strep suis,
Haemphilus parasuis, Salmonella
cholerasuis), Salt Poisoning

Ventriculus- Ventriculitis, necrotizing,
heterophilic and lymphohistiocytic with koilin
89 Chicken Avian adenovirus -1
degeneration and intraepithelial intranuclear
inclusion bodies (Adenovirus)
Group 1 Adenovirus- Inclusion Group 2 Adenovirus- Turkey hemorrhagic
body hepatitis, hydropericardium enteritis, and Marble Spleen Disease in
syndrome, gizzard erosion, pheasants// Group 3 includes egg drop
necrotizing pancreatitis syndrome in chickens

Most ofetn associated with Periosteal proliferation of irregular and

Radius and ulna: Periosteal exostoses,
intrathoracic disease. Diaphyseal anastomosing bony trabeculae causing
90 Raccoon Hypertrophic osteopathy circumferential, severe, with muscular atrophy
regions of long bones affected, compression of the surrounding
and fibrosis
also phalanges, ribs, vertebrae musculature

Pathogenesis of HO- hypoxia-->

Skeletal muscle: Nematode larvae, increased blood flow to
intrasarcoplasmic (trichinella) and protozoal periosteum--> osteogenesis.
cysts- Sarcocystis) Cutting Vagus nerve cuases
regression
Skin: Epidermal hyperplasia with
Animals may have abnormal skin Primarily infects the ventral parts of the
Batrachochytrium hyperkeratosis/ proliferative dermatitis with
91 Frog sloughing and ulceration. There is body; Three forms of Thalli- uninucleate,
dendrobatidis intraepidermal fungal organisms (phylum
minimal inflammation multinucleate, and zoosporangium
chytridiomycota)
Uronema is an uncommon free
living opportunistic ciliated
Skeletal muscle: Myositis, histiocytic, diffuse protozoan of marine fish that
Tetrahymena causes similar lesions in
92 Wolf Eel Uronema marinum with hemorrhage and numerous ciliated causes acute myodegeneration
freshwater fish
protozoa and myositis, ulcerative dermatitis
and occasionally meningitis and
encephalitis

Urinary bladder: cystitis, diffuse with urothelial

93 Rat Cystitis; Pyelonephritis
hyperplasia and squamous metaplasia
 Uroliths develop from precipitation Proteus sp can split urea via urease leading
Kidney: Pyelonephritis with urothelial
of salts or other minerals and are to hyperammonuria and lowers the pH
hyperplasia, tubular ectasia, cell casts and
usually associated with an organic favoring calcium phosphate and struvite
intrapelvic coccobacilli
nidus uroliths
Nodular regenerative Liver: Nodular regenerative hyperplasia with
94 Rat rats were fed a toxin
hyperplasia bilary hypertrophy and periportal fibrosis

PDNS- Gross lesions- 1.5 to 4

motnsh old- skin has round
erythematous macules, papules,m
Porcine Dermatitis and Haired skin: Vasculitis, necrotizing and Histologically- necrotizing vascultis with
and plaques distributed over the
95 Pig Nephropathy syndrome suppurative diffuse, with multifocal dermal and infarction and necrosis from the submucosa
perineum and hind limbs ventral
(PCV-2) epidermal necrosis (infarcts) to the epidermis
thorax and abdomen and ear
margins; Kidneys have petechia
and are swollen and pale

Kidney: Glomerulitis, fibrinous and necrotizing,

suppurative, with multifocal vasculitis, PRRS may play a role as well ddx- skin lesions- Erysipelas
tubulointerstitial nephritis and proteinosis

2 tissue forms of Pneumocystis:

Lung: Granulomatous pneumonia with intra-
96 Mouse Pneumocystic carinii trophozoites and cysts containing
alveolar fungal cysts
sporozoites

Thymus: Hypoplasia/ lymphoid hypocellularity

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is an osteoid

producing mesenchymal neoplasm that
arises in soft tissue without primary bone or
periosteal lesions. Secondary changes in
97 Dog Osteosarcoma Eye: Osteosarcoma Primary tumor, with no metastasis the eye include- retinal detachment and
atrophy, pre-iridial fibrovascular membrane,
peripheral anterior synechia, corneal
edema, and vascularization, cataractous
change and hyphema

ddx; Acanthomoeba, Balamuthia Acanthamoeba and Balamutha can cause

Lung: Pyogranulomatous pneumonia,
98 Macaque Acanthomoeba sp mandrillaris, Naegleria sp, and encephalitis and pneumonia and have two
necrotizing with amebic trophozoites and cysts
Entamoeba histolytica tissue forms, trophozoites and cysts

Naegleria has 3 forms- trophozoit, Entamoeba histolytica infects the lower GI

Lung: Interstitial pneumonia, histiocytic diffuse
Pneumocystic carinii flagella, and cyst- CNS pathogen in tract of humans, dogs, and cats (E invadens
with intra-alveolar fungal cysts
humans in reptiles)

Microscopic criteria for dysplasia-

Kidney: Renal dysplasia characterized by fetal fetal glomeruli and tubules,
nephrons, primitve mesenchyme, persistent persistent mesenchyme, persistent
99 Dog Renal Dysplasia
metanephric duct and fibrosis ; also there is metanephric ducts, atypical tubular
pyelonephritis, suppurative with coccobacilli epithelium, and
osseous/cartilaginous metaplasia
 Electron Micrograph- Bronchiolar ciliated and
non-ciliated respiratory epithelium;
100 Mouse Cowpox virus (orthopox) degeneration with intracytoplasmic viral
inclusions and extracellular fibrin and cellular
debris
Pox- double stranded DNA viruses; Cowpox
(Orthopoxvirus genus) (used by Jenner as
Small pox vaccine, now we use vaccinia)
Absent the classic dumbell shaped
virion; A and B type Cowpox
inclusions and confused them for
reticulate and intermediate bodies
of Chlamydophila sp
A-Type inclusions- Round moderately
dense, coarsely granular intracytoplasmic
inclusions
B-Type- Within A type inclusions- coarsesly
granular, less dense, representing viral
nucleoprotein with developing crescents of
membranes
Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx Gross Histo
2000-2001

Small Intestine:
Lymphangiectasia with
Protein Losing granulomatous lymphangitis,
1 1 Dog
enteropathy and crypt ectasia with
neutrophilic and histiocytic
inflammation
Soft Coated Wheaton Terrier is
thin with thin haircoat, abdominal fluid,
predisposed to PLE and PLN. This dog
serosal surface of intestine had dilated
had hypoproteinemia and DIC;
lymphatics
Lymphatic dilation with inflammation

Acid fast stains showed curved rods,

Mycobacteria were cultured
Cat (no tissue on Mycobacterium Skin: Dermatitis and firm alopecic partly ulcerated
2 (tuberculosis); Cord factor and Wax D
slide) tuberculosis panniculits, granulomatous intracutaneous nodules
contribute to hosts granulomatous
response;

Enzootic Abortion in Ewes; focally

extensive loss of trophoblast ,ayer
replaced by nuclear and cell debris,
Chlamydia Chorioallantois: Placentitis, Cheeselike debris, thickening of
fibrinoid necrosis of superficial
3 Sheep (chlamydophila) necrotizing with severe cotyledons, edema of intercotyledonary
arterioles with perivascular leukocytes,
pecorum vascultiis areas
in the tunica media were neutrophils,
and fibrin thrombi in the lumens.
Vasculitis is diagnostic for Chlamydia

Pathogenesis: Enteri digestive tract or

respiratory tract, organisms spread
hematogenously to the placenta.
Organisms traverse capillary walls of
maternal placenta and enter
extravasated blood in lacunae.
Chlamydia infect syncytiotrophoblasts
forming colonies of elementary bodies
in cytoplasmic vacuoles. They also
replicate in the endometrial epithelium.
Within endosome bound inclusion
bodes that fail to fuse with host
lysosomes, elementary bodies
transform to reticulate bodies and
multiply and rely on host cell
mitochondria.

Skeletal muscle and tongue:
Myodegeneration and
4 Horse Nutritional myopathy
necrosis with mineralization
and histiocytic myositis
Large Artery: Vasculitis,
necrotizing, with chronic Yellow discoloration of subcutaneous
Equine Viral Arteritis
2 5 Horse fibrosing perivascular and and mesenteric fat, yellow brown fluid in
(arterivirus)
perineurial inflammation and
edema
Ovary and Mesovarium:
6 Macaque Endometriosis Endometriosis, multifocal,
with paraovarian cysts
Lung: Bronchointerstitial
pneumonia,
necrosuppurative, and
7 Pig PCV-2/PRRS
histiocytic with intrahistiocytic
amphophilic to basophilic
intracytoplasmic inclusions
Kidney: Acute tubular
nuclei are pyknotic, cytoplasm is
Acute tubular necrosis/ necrosis, with regeneration,
8 Cat vacuolated. Basement membranes are
Easter lilly tubular protein and granular
casts
Haired skin: Atypical
mesenchymal proliferation
Shope fibroma/ with eosinophilic
3 9 Rabbit
Leporipoxvirus intracytoplasmic inclusion
bodies and heterophilic
inflammation
White muscle disease, Vitamin E and
Selenium deficiency (nutritional
myopathy). Electrolye abnormalities-
Hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia,
hyponatremia, hypocalcemia;
Myoglobinuria can be differentiated
from hemoglobinuria by the addition of
saturated ammonium sulfate, which will
pale, gritty with chalky appearance precipitate and remove the color
caused by hemoglobin but not
myoglobin ; Comparative Path:
Mulberry heart dz; Hepatosis dietetica,
hemolytic anemia in pigs, Steatitis
(yellow fat disease) in cats horses and
pigs, exudative diathesis with
cerebellar hemorrhage in poultry,
intestinal lipofuscinosis in dogs
Necrotizinf vasculitis--> increased
vascular permeability; Respiratory
replication and alveolar macrophages
--> lymph nodes, endothelial
abdomen, fibrin, ecchymoses
replication, systemic distribution-->
necrosis of tunica media
DDX: EHV-1, African Horse Sickness
Abortion--> decrease blood flow,
(Orbivirus), Paramyxovirus (Hendra),
vascular constriction,
Getah virus
Lesions consist of both glands and Ectopic endometrial tissue responds to
stroma. May be seen in the uterine cyclic hormonal stimulation and can
serosa and adjacent pelvic structures, bleed and cause fibrous adhesions
urinary bladder, lymph nodes, liver and making it hard to distinguish from
lung retroperitoneal fibromatosis
other lesions- lymphoid depletion and
Alveoli filled with macrophages and
granulomatous lymphadenitis; PRRS
neutrophils. Airways surrounded by
(Arterivirus) and PCV-2. PMWS is
lymphocytes and eosinophils
found in younf pigs.
intact. Easter lilly Toxicity
causes fibromas in Sylvilagus and
Leporipoxvirus(Poxviridae)related to Oryctolagua spp- rare in hares (Lepus)-
myxomatosis virus and to hare and mechanical transmission by biting
squirrel fibroma viruses arthropods. Cell mediated immunity
causes regression
 Heart: Epicarditis and
subepicardial myocarditis,
Haemophilus parasuis Polyserositis and DDX: Mycoplasma hyorhinis,
10 Pig fibrinous and necrotizing
(Glasser's) meningoencephalomyelitis. Streptococcus suis type II
//Lung: fibrinous and
necrotizing pleuritis

Kidney: Amyloidosis,
generalized, glomerular and
multifocal medullary//
Renal amyloidosis/
11 Dog Nephritis, interstitial,
Aortic thrombosis
lymphoplasmacytic with
tubular mineralization//
Aterial thrombosis, fibrosis
amyloidosis with aortic thrombosis.
Nephrotic syndrome- Hypoproteinemia,
Usually AA amyloid, indiopathic from
hypercholesterolemia,
SAA. Proteinuria leads to coagulative
hypoalbuminemia,
disorders.

Uterus: Adenocarcinoma of
Common in cats, progestin may be a
12 Cat Uterine adenocarcinoma endometrium// Endometritis,
factor
suppurative, multifocal

Leiomyosarcoma range from strap like

musce cells to rounded anaplastic
ddx of nests and cords: neuroendocrine
4 13 Macaque Leiomyosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma, epithelioid cells. The presence of binucleate cells,
carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma
nuclear folding, and vacuolation of
cells hints a smooth muscle origin.

lesions: fibrinonecrotic enterocolitis,

Spleen: Necrosis, infarct with Salmonella uses fibriae and pilar
button ulcers, interstitial pneumonia,
14 Pig Salmonella cholerasuis intrlesional bacilli and adhesins to enter M cells and survives
hepatic necrosis or granulomas
necrotizing vasculitis in macrophages
(paratyphoid nodules) septicemia
Lung: Bronchointerstitial
pneumonia, necrotizing, and
fibrinous, with eosinophilic
15 Cat FHV-1/ Mycoplasma felis intranuclear inclusions and Alpha-herpesvirus is primarily cytolytic BHV-1 (IBR), EHV-4, GHV-1 (ILT)
rare syncytia and
perivascular lymphocytic
inflammation

Haired skin: Proliferative and

hyperkeratotic dermatitis, strong Type 1 hypersensitivity-
Sarcoptes scabei var
16 Red Fox eosinophilic and neutrophilic vasoactive amines, complement
canis
with intracorneal acarids, activation, eosinophils
cocci and yeast (Sarcoptes)

Lung: Necrotizing
replicates in monocytes but destroyed spread by flea bites or inhaled or
5 17 Llama Yersinia pestis pneumonia, embolic with
by neutrophils swallowed directly
bacterial bacilli

Kidney: fibrosis, interstitial,

multifocal, mild with tubular Spontaneous disease of guinea pigs may be arteriosclerosis and
Nephrosclerosis with
18 Guniea pig dilation, proteinosis, and causing bilaterally irregular and pitted proliferative endarteritis: Am J Pathol.
mineralization
lymphoplasmacytic interstitial kidneys 1970 July; 60(1): 103–118.
nephritis

Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing,
19 Pig Actinobacillis suis
embolic, with bacterial bacilli
Lung: Pyogranulomatous
20 Cat Blastomyces dermatitidis pneumonia with budding
yeast
DDX: Histiocytoma,Merkel
6 21 Dog Plasma cell tumor
cell tumor
Haired Skin: Dermatitis and
panniculitis,
22 Cat Actinomyces viscosus pyogranulomatous, with
colonies of filamentous
bacteria (sulfur granules)
Haired skin: Panniculitis,
necrotizing, suppurative and
Pansteatitis (yellow fat
23 Cat histiocytic with focal
dz)
intrahistiocytic yellow
pigment
Haired skin: Dermatitis,
necrotizing, subacute, with
epidermal hyperplasia,
24 Cat Toxoplasma gondii subbasilar clefts, epidermal
degeneration, necrosis, and
intracellular and extracellular
tachyzoites
Spleen: Splenitis, histiocytic
with plasmacytosis, lymphoid
7 25 Dog Leishmaniasis, visceral
hyperplasia and
intrahistiocytic amastigotes
Haired skin: Dermatitis,
xanthogranulomatous, with
26 Mouse Xanthoma
acanthosis, hyperkeratosis
and ulceration
Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
necrotizing and suppurative,
27 Rabbit Pasteurella multocida determinant of disease. Mucoid strains
with pleuritis and numerous
bacilli
Septicemia, vasculitis, thrombosis,
PTAH showed intravascular fibrin DDX: Salmonella cholerasuis,
strands and clumps consistent with DIC: Erysipelothrix, Actinobacillus
Large colony bacteria= Yersinia, pleuropneumoniae, Leptospira
Actinomyces, Actinobacillus, pomona, Haemophilus parasuis,
Arcanobacterium, Corynebacterium, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, E coli, Strep
Clostridium, Staphylococcus, suis
Streptococcus
hypercalcemia due to granulomatous
Wi-1-adhesion protein upregulated in inflammation--> metabolism of 25-
yeast hydroxycholecalciferol --> 1,25
Dihydroxycholecalciferol
IHC for Immunoglobulin positive =
Plasma cell tumor
require disruption of mucosal barriers;
Fimbriae bind to specific cell surface Neutrophil chemotaxis, macrophage
receptors on other bacteria create a activation, and B lymphocyte
complex that inhibits neutrophil hyperplasia
phagocytosis and bactericidal activity
Gross the SQ fat is firm and yellow diet high in unsaturated fatty acids and
brown due to ceroid pigment deficient in Vit E
Protozoa zoites are 1-2 um wide and 2-
6 um long- with pyogranulomatous
inflammation
cutaneous lesions- alopecia, pruritis//
Membranoproliferative
DDX- cytology- Sporothrix,
glomerulonephritis// Splenomagaly,
histoplsmosis
hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy,
intestinal ulceration
Apolipoprotein E deficient mouse//
Watanabe rabbits have a heritable
hyperlipidemic disorder and
hyperchlesterolemia (Defect in LDL
receptor)
Strain virulence is the major
pneumonic ands septicemic disease ic
aused by serogroup A > D
are better able to colonize
 airborne transmission, infects
Lung: Bronchopneumonia, respiratory epithelium, loss of goblet
Infectious
necrotizing, heterophilic and cells, and cilis, submucosal edema,
laryngotracheitis
28 Chicken lymphohistiocytic, with syncytial cells, and lymphocytes,
(Alphaherpesvirus-Gallid
syncytia and eosinophilic plasma cells, and macrophages
Herpes 1)
intranuclear inclusions infiltrate, then cytolytic destruction of
and desquamation

2-6 um intracellular, extracytoplasmic

Stomach: Mucosal neck location within parasiophorus vacuoles
epithelial cell hyperplasia containing trophozoites which
8 29 Boa Cryptosporidiosis and hypertrophy with edema, proliferate asexually by merogeny, then
granular cell loss, superficial sexually by gametogeny. Zygotes
protozoal organisms produce sporulated oocysts with 4
sporozoites.

characteristics- cellular atypia, mitotic

Squamous cell ddx: actinic keratosis (clinical figures more than 3 cell layers above
25% invade, but no metastasis, some
30 Cat carcinoma in situ, presentation is different- pale the basal cell layer, dyskeratotic
have Papillomavirus antigen
multicentric skin only, less haired areas) keratinocytes, disorderly maturation of
the epidermis

Feline fibropapilloma Haired skin: Fibropapilloma,

31 Cat BPV-1
(sarcoid) feline sarcoid

large polygonal cells with eosinophilic

Rhabdoid tumor, Eye: Malignant Rhabdoid cytoplasm. Paranuclear globular Vim+, Cyt+/-, GFAP +/-, Neg for Demin
32 Horse
malignant tumor inclusions composed of intermediate and SMA
filaments

Kidney: Histiocytic sarcoma liver of males, and uteri of females.

9 33 Mouse Histiocytic sarcoma with tubular epithelial cell Mac-2 +, Lysozyme +///
hyaline droplets erythrophagocytosis, MNGC

Tubular hyaline droplet may be causes by release of

nephrosis lysozyme
Lung: Malignant neoplasm,
Mammary carcinoma, Tamoxifen- antagonist of estrogen
34 Rat perivascular and subpleural
metastatic receptor in mammary gland
SD rat

radiation induced endothelial injury -->

protein rich exudate and expansion of
Lung: Fibrosis, interstitial,
alveolar septae. Fibrin strands and
with type II pneumocyte
Radiation induced I would have called this histiocytic lsoughed epithelium form hyaline
35 Rhesus hyperplasia, alveolar
pulmonary fibrosis pneumonia membranes and are eventually
histiocytosis, and multifocal
replaced by collagen (fibrosis).
multinucleate cells
Irradiation causes depression in local
tissue plasminogen activator levels.
 Haired skin: Dermatitis,
orthopoxviruses infect a lot of species.
proliferative and necrotizing
Proliferation is due to viral gene product
with balooning degeneration
36 Alpaca Orthopoxviral dermatitis homologous to EGF. VI serology, EM
and numerous epithelial
required to differentiate closely related
intracytoplasmic inclusion
orthopaoxviruses.
bodies

Sporangia- (mature) up to 300 um and

contain manu 2-10um endospores;;;
Endospores are released and develop
Nasal Mucosa: Inflammatory DRIPS clade: Aquatic protists parasites.
into trophocytes (up tto 100 um) with a
10 37 Horse Rhinosporidium seeberi Polyp with sporangia and Dermocystidium, The Rosette Agent,
single nucleus and prominent
tophocytes Ichthyophonus, and Psorospermium
nucleolus::::Prototheca, Chlorella, and
Coccidioides also reproduce by
endosporulation

Severe loss of hepatocytes is thought to Affects rabbits of the Orytolagus genus

lead to DIC. (large release of (not Cottontails Sylvilagus) ot Lepus
Liver: Hepatocellular
Rabbit Calicivurus thromboplastins). Hepatocellular death Genus////// Apoptotic cells- shrinkage,
dissociation, Necrosis,
38 Rabbit (Rabbit Hemorrhagic is by apoptosis (no significant chromatin margination, blebbing,
diffuse, to submassive with
Disease) inflammation). Apoptosis has been nuclear condensation, fragmentation.
apoptosis
reported in macrophages, endothelium, Detection of apoptosis by TUNEL and
monocytes, lymphoid organs, and heart EM

Lung: Hemorrhage,
multifocal with occasional
thrombi
necrosis, macrophages, neutrophils,
Herderian GlandL
and porphyrin pigment with evidence of
Sialodacryoadenitis virus Dacryoadenitis, necrotizing,
39 Rat regeneration. After 1 week of infection
(Rat Coronavirus) subacute, diffuse, severe
squamous metaplasia is
with squamous metaplasia
pathognomonic
Lung:
ddx: Strep pneumoniae, Legionella,
Bronchopneumonia,necrohe
Bordatella adhere to cilia, replicate and cause Pasteurella, Haemophilus influenza,
40 Monkey morhagic and
bronchiseptica stasis and host cell necrosis measles, simian varicella,
fibrinosuppurative with cilia
cytomegalovirus
associated coccobacilli

villus atrophy and edema,

Mycobacterium SI: Enteritis, granulomatous, malabsorption and filtration secrcetion,
11 41 Ox paratuberculosis diffuse, severe, with hypoproteinemia, aortic subintimal
(johnes) intrahistiocytic bacilli fibrosis and mineralization, ileocecal
lymphadenopathy, lymphangitis

Brain: Cerebral cortical

necrosis, laminar with
Water deprivation; Salt edema, and
42 Pig
toxicosis lymphoplasmacytic and
eosinophilic encephalitis and
mineralization

SI: Vasculitis, necrotizing,
Shiga toxin-2e E coli
43 Pig fibrinoid, multifocal,
(Edema disease)
moderate
Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin
2 are homologous to Stx2e--
> hemorrhagic colitis and
hemolytic uremic syndrome
in humans
Ovary and Mesentery:
Salmonella pullorum Oophoritis and egg yolk
44 Chicken
(pullorum disease) peritonitis, granulomatous
and heterophilic with bacilli
Lung: Pneumonia and
pleuritis, granulomatous,
fibrosing, diffuse, with
Angiostrongylus arteritis, thrombosis,
12 45 Dog
vasorum infarction, hemorrhage,
metastrongyle larvae and
eggs and few intravascular
adults
Fatal Fasting Syndrome- adult Old
World primate females, overweight with
Liver: Hepatocyte vacuolar
46 Marmoset Hepatic lipidosis short period of anorexia leading to
change, lipid type, diffuse
Lung: Pneumonia,
bronchointerstitial, multifocal,
BRSV (pneumovirus, with interlobular edema,
47 Ox
paramyxoviridae) epithelial syncytia,
eosinophilic intracytoplsmic
inclusions
Toxin binds to crypt enterocytes and is
F18 fimbriae and Shiga toxin 2 e, absormbed into blood, binds to
susceptibility is determined by the susceptible vasculature
presence of F18 receptors (coincides (fucosyltransferase). Receptors are
with weaning). vascular medial glycolipids (Gb4) expressed in many
necrosis, in brain stem, submucosa, GI organs affected by ST2e//// Stx2e binds
tract and mesocolon to both endothelium and media or
arterioles
ddx: Porcine herpesvirus-1
(pseudorabies), Salmonella
meningoencephalitis, Streptococcus
suis, Haemophilus parasuis, Salt
toxicosis, and PCV-2 lesions of
cerebellar hemorrhage
chicks, quail, duck, pheasants, and Joints and tendon sheath DDX:
guinea fowl. Transovarian Mycoplasma synoviae, Staphylococcus
transmission, Gross lesions- sepsis, aureus, Pasteurella multocida,
congestion, caseous yolk material, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:: Ovarian
white nodules in the lungs, fibrinous ddx: E coli, Staph, Strep, P multocida,
pericarditis, swollen joints, hypopyon and other salmonella
Adult worm causes proliferative Indirect life cycle- L1 coughed into
endarteritis, eggs and larvae cause pahrynx, excreted in feces--> slugs and
capillary obstruction and damage and snails--> L3--> dogs ingest L3 and they
pneumonia, infarcts////pathogensis of penetrate the alimientary tract and go
arteritis is not well understoof/// to LN --> L5 in LN--> migrate to right
Pulmonary fibrosis and induration, ventricle and pulmonary artery via
hydrothorax, hydropericardium, hepatic portal vein/// Recently also found in
stasis with ascites Canada
ddx: hepatic steatosis from
hypothyroidism, diabetes, toxemia///
death. Lipidosis in renal tubule This animal had gastric mucormycosis
epithelium as well
circulating antibodies are not protective
against infection. Cytopathic effect in
lung epithelium. Can lead to
bronchiolitis obliterans and obstructive
interstitial pneumonia, hyaline
bronchiectasis. BRSV activate cells
membranes, alveoalr epithelialization
can activate compliment--> C3a and
are common findings with syncytia and
C5a and induce bronchoconstriction,
inclusions pathognomonic///////DDX:
neutrophil chemotaxis and mast cell
Parainfluenza 3 (paramyxovirus) also
activation --> Histamine, PAF, LT/// C5
can cause syncytia and eosinophilic
a activates lipoxygenase pathway in
inclusions
neutrophils and macrophages -->
bronchoconstriction and increased
vascular permeability (edema and
emphysema)

Heart: Pancarditis,
necrotizing,
48 Flamingo West Nile Virus
lymphoplasmacytic and
histiocytic, multifocal
Nephroblastoma
13 49 Trout (genetically Kidney: Nephroblastoma
predisposed)
Pancreas: Islet cell tumor
with amyloid, and atrophy,
Pancreatic Islet cell lobular exocrine atrophy with
50 Cat
tumor duct hyperplasia, peri-
pancreatic fat necrosis with
mineralization and steatitis
Colon: Colitis, eosinophilic
and granulomatous,
51 Horse Pythium insidiosum transmural, diffuse, with
granulation tissue and
hyphae
Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
histiocytic and neutrophilic, Francisella tularensis biovar tularensis
52 Capuchin Francisella tularensis diffuse, with type II
pneumocyte hyperplasia and
fibrinous pleuritis
Skeletal muscle: Sarcocysts 3 forms in brids: visceral, muscular and
14 53 Falcon Sarcocystis encephalitis with multifocal myofiber nervous// Sarcocystis falculata is a likely
degeneration and necrosis possibility (Opossom is definitive host)
Brain: Encephalitis,
lymhoplasmacytic and
heterophilic, necrotizing with feature of some apicomplexans (not
gliosis and coccidia
Lung: Pneumonia,
fibrinonecrotic, chronic
Mycoplasma mycoides diffuse with peribronchiolar
54 Ox
mycoides SC lymphoid hyperplasia and
marked septal and avleolar
edema
Culex pipiens is vector: ddx: Exotic
Newcastle (Chckens and turkeys),
Flaviviridae arbovirus (Japanese
HPAI, EEE(arbovirus) (Emus highly
encephalitis complex)
sensitive), chickens, turkeys and emus
were not affected by WNV
large numbers of well developed renal in chickens nephroblastoma is induced
tubules with many primitive glomeruli by myoblastosis associated
and scattered mesenchymal tissue and retroviruses. Can invade the spinal
increased hematopoietic tissue cord in puppies)
can procude insulin, glucagon, or
gastrin (humans)- Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome- GI ulceration due to extreme
gastric acid secretion
"kunkers"- vascular sequestra or
Pythium is a protist. Infection of
necrotic cores; grossly resembles
zoospores occurs through invasion of
malignant edema, exhuberant
damaged tissue, penetrating wounds, or
granulation tissue, sarcoid, severe
ingestion of contaminated water
habronemiasis
(Type A) is significant in human disease
in NA
endopolygeny- multiple zoites radiating
off a central organisms- distinctive
Toxoplasma)
carbohydrate galactan- similar effects
to endotoxins; ddx; acute
mannheimiosis, Pasteurella multocida
gross lesions- marbling, pleuritis,
types B and E (hemorrhagic
interlobular fibrinous edema
septicemia);; Chronic disease-
Actinobacillosi, echinococcus cysts,
foreign bodt, fungal pneumonia
 Haired skin: dermatitis,
lmyphohistiocytic and
neutrophilic, with epidermal
and follicular epithelial
Squirrel Poxvirus genus includes shope fibroma, and
55 Squirrel hyperplasia, dermal
(leporipoxvirus) myxoma virus or rabbits
mesenchymal cell
proliferation, epithelial
balooning degeneration,
intracytoplasmic inclusions

Kidney: Tubular dilatation

with interstitial mesenchymal
proliferation, epithelial
balooning degeneration, and
epithelial and mesenchymal
inclusions

basaloid is an apt description- papillary

Esophagus, adjacent to the surface colonization by yeast 3-6 um),
Squamous cell infiltrative, transmural, prominent basal
56 conure proventriculus: Squamous pseudohyphae, and puaci-septate
carcinoma cell component and papillary
cell carcinoma hyphae (3-5 um) (Candida)
hyperkeratosis
Retroviridae, Alpharetrovirus, Avian
spindle cell sarcoma, bundles of spindle cells with abundant
15 57 Chicken Spleen: Spindle cell sarcoma type C retrovirus (Avian Leukosis virus,
Avian retrovirus cytoplasm and collagen fibers
and Avian sarcoma virus)
Heart, small intestine,
kidney: Eosinophilic
intracytoplasmic inclusions

Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
membranous, global, frequent change in broilers without
multifocal, with minimal retroviruses
interstitial fibrosis

Small intestine: Necrosis,

lecithinase (Alpha toxin)- hemolytic and
Clostridium perfringens villar, diffuse, with focal
58 Dog cytotoxic: Enterotoxin is released upon
A hemorrhage and numerous
lysis of sporulating cells
surfcae adherent bacilli
Multisystemic granulomatous
Haired skin: dermatitis and inflammation (systemic granulomatous
panniculitis, granulomatous, disease of horses) or equine
Vicia bengelensis (Hairy
59 Horse diffuse, with ulceration, sarcoidosis. Similar disease has been
vetch)
hyperkeratosis, and attributed to ingestion of citrus pulp. In
intracorneal microabscesses cattle there is often a prominent
eosinophilic component

Liver: Degeneration,
hepatocellular, diffuse,
moderate with lipid type
copper deficiency and
60 Goat vacuolar change, bridging
Molybdenosis
portal fibrosis, biliary
hyperplasia, and granular
golden brown pigment
anemia, depigmentation,
this was an experimental study--> fatty
achromotrichia, osteoporosis,
liver necrosis, bridging portal fibrosis,
malformed growth plates, liver changes,
bile duct proliferation
demyelination, gi ulcers
 Colon: tunica muscularis and Schistosoma is usually an incidental
usually asymptomatic; gross lesions
submucosa, granulomas with finding; High tissue eosinophilis and
Schistosoma mansoni include serosal granulomas in colon
16 61 Baboon hemorrhage, hemosiderin, MNGC are typical in man and baboon;
and Oesophagostomum and cecum and mesentery, may cause
hematoidin and few Antibody and Th1, Th2, cytokines help
peritonitis
nematode parasites resist infection

Colon: Colitis,
granulomatous, multifocal
with schistosome eggs

Lung: Granulomas, caseous

Mycobacterium and epithelioid, multifocal M bovis and M tuberculosis have not
62 Elephant
tuberculosis with granulomatous yet been reported in USA elephants
ulcerative bronchiolitis

Myxosporan-2 host life cycle, infective

Hoferellus carassi Trunk Kidney: Tubular
Early stages of trophozoites in renal stage develops in oligocete worm
(kidney enlargement hypertrophy and epithelial
epithelium have been shown to induce (annelid)--> release actinosporea
63 goldfish disease, Polycystic hyperplasia, diffuse with
tubular hypertrophy and epithelial forming an aurantiactinomyxon spore--
kidney disease, kidney apical cytoplasmic protozoa
hyperplasia > infect goldfish kidney, trophozoites
bloater) and few granulomas
develop in the renal epithelium

Tongue: Glossitis,
necrotizing and ulcerative,
focally extensive with
Herpesviral, necrotizing
64 Tortoise epithelial eosinophilic usually involve the oral cavity
glossitis (alpha)
intranuclear inclusion bodies,
syncytia, and superficial
bacterial colonies

osteoclastic dysfunction- lack of

hydrolytic enzymes or their secretion
local mediators of resorption include IL-
Bone, metaphysis: into the bone interface, defects in the
1, IL-3, IL-6, IL-11 and GM-CSF.
17 65 Ox Osteosclerosis BVD Osteosclerosis, multifocal ruffled brush border or its bony
BVDV is known to induce production of
with retained cartilage cores attachment or interface with stem cell
soluble IL-1 inhibitor
differentiation, interference with matrix
mineralization or osteoclast binding

Haired skin and Phalanx-

Metastatic pulmonary PAS positive cells differentiate from
66 Cat Adenocarcinoma with cilia
adenocarcinoma SCC
and goblet cell differentiation

Bone: Osteopenia of Vit D required for intestinal absorption

compact bone, diffuse with
endosteal and myxoid
67 Lizard fibrous osteodystrophy
fibrosis, periosteal
osteocartilaginous
proliferation
of calcium and regulation of calcium
and phosphorus balance. Requires
sunlight UVB (290-315 nm) Dietary
supplement alone is inadequate. Skin
temperature is important.
 Synovial chondroid metaplasia or
synovial chondromatosis- chondral or
primary is less common, secondary
Synovium: hyperplasia, osteochrondral nodule formation in
synovial chondromatosis occurs after
68 Dog Synovial chondromatosis diffuse with mutifocal nodular synovial tissue and may form joint mice.
traumatic degenerative or inflammatory
cartilaginous metaplasia This happens without any inflammation
joint diseases.
but may contribute to degenerative joint
disease

Small Intestine: Enteritis,

proliferative, histiocytic, and
neutrophilic, moderate with
villar blunting and fusion,
18 69 Horse Lawsonia intracellularis
crypt abscesses and
numerous intraepithelial
argyrophilic curved bacilli
(Lawsonia)
Entry of bacteria into cells is an active
Some coccidosis and foreign body
process of uptake through the cell
abscess; Lawsonia lesions are
membrane into endocytic vacuoles,
dependent on a particular mix fo
The bacteria then release from the
intestinal microflora.
vacuoles and replicate in the cytoplasm

Stratified squamous
epithelium (Skin)-
8-43 um, EM showed cholorplasts,
Granulomatous dermatitis Other ddx: Rhinosporidium,
70 Gazelle chlorella dermatitis Chlorella contain Pas positive granules
with granulation tissue and Coccidioides
ddx: Prototheca
numerous endosporulating
algae

Granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and Ultrastructurally- 2-3 times the size,

Liver: Hepatocellular
loss of cytoplasmic basophilia, increase increased number of peroxisomes (0.5-
Peroxisomal hypertrophy hypertrophy with marked
71 Rat dmitoses, increased binucelate cells 3 um) elongated and fill the cytoplasm.
and proliferation (EM) peroxisomal proliferation and
and karyomegaly, foci of necrosis with ER is dilated and contains scant
hypertrophy
hemorrhage osmophilic (Proteinaceous) material

TGF-B are known to induce

chondrogenic or osteogenic expression
a peripheral highly cellular periosteum- in mesenchymal cells: Osteomas are
Malignant melanoma Oral mucosa: Malignant like zone surrounds well formed catilage solitary benign tumors on the head that
72 Dog
with reactive bone melanoma with reactive bone and bony trabeculae lined by numerous blend with underlying bone and are
osteoblasts composed of essentially normal mature
well differentiated bone typically formed
by intramembranous ossification

Liver: Histiocytosis, diffuse Canine lipid storage disesae of fox

Lipid containing macrophages in
with lipid vacuolation and terriers- lipid stored in lysosomes, in
19 73 Dog Lipid storage disease tissues- liver, spleen, lymph nodes, villi-
cholesterol clefts, necrosis, humans there is an inherited enzyme
Lipid shows birefringence
and mineralization dieficiency.

Spleen: Histiocytosis, diffuse

with lipid vacuolation and
cholesterol clefts
 Odontogenic tumors in Tg.AC mice is
expansile unencapsulated mass that
35%. They come in three patterns- 1)
invades teeth and bone. Long
Primarily mesenchymal cells in a dense
anastomosing chords (2 cells thick) and
fibrous -like matrix, 2) loose stroma
Mandible, orla mucosa, and thin ribbons of cuboidal epithelial cells,
surrounded by anastomosing cords of
74 Mouse Odontogenic tumor subepithelial connective closely associated with loose
epithelial cells with squamous
tissue: Odontogenic tumor undifferentiated stroma. Epithelium is
differentiation, 3) Odontomas forming
pallisading and sometimes show
mineralized tooth structures by well
squamous differentitation. Remnant
differentiated odontoblasts and
islands of bone and tooth are present.
ameloblasts.

Kainic acid is isolated from the seaweed

Lesions typically found in CA1 and CA3
Cerebral cortex: Occipital Digenea simplex. Structurally related to
of hippocampus, amygdala, septum,
Kainic acid induced and pyriform lobes, domoic acid, it can cross the blood
75 Rat entorhinal cortex, medial thalamus,
neuronal necrosis hippocampus, Neuronal brain barrier causing neuronal cell
pyriform cortes, and midline
necrosis, multifocal death. Damage approximates temporal
hypothalamus.
lobe siezures and Alzheimers disease.

adenoma; Multiple Polyps- well formed glands and crypts, Adenomas- cytologic atypia and lack of
Small Intestine: Adenomas,
76 Mouse intestinal neoplasia most of which show differentiation into differentiation characterize adenomas/
multiple
mutation (Min) mature goblet or absorptive cells Carcinoma- anaplasia plus invasion

Min mouse is model for APC mutations result in increased B

Familial Adenomatous catenin in epithelial cells inducing
Polyposis (FAP)- an inherited intestinal epithelial cell hyperplasia and
AD gene- APC a tumor inhibit migration of these cells out of th
suppressor gene crypts
Lung: Pneumonia,
Cryptococcus granulomatous, multifocal,
20 77 Porpoise
neoformans moderate with numerous
encapsulated yeast

Lung: Bronchiolitis,
cetacean lungs- cartilage rings down to
granulomatous and thick mucoid capsule is thought to
terminal airways (aid in re-inflation after
eosinophilic, focal, moderate interfere with antigen presentation and
deep dives), Capillaries present on
with bronchiectasis and causes lack of immune response
both sides of alveolar septae
intraluminal metastrongyles

Spleen: Splenitis, histiocytic,

Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial, histiocytic,
Erysipelothrix diffuse, with numerous
78 Pheasant diffuse, with numerous intrahistiocytic
rhusiopathiae intrahistiocytic bacilli and
and intramonocytic bacilli
lymphoid depletion

Heart: Coronary Arteries,
Atherosclerosis, moderate
with intimal foam cells,
79 Walrus Atherosclerosis
cholesterol clefts, fibrosis,
mineralization, and luminal
attenuation
reaction to injury hypothesis-proposes
endothelial injury, cause dby
hyperlipidemia, initiates a cascade of
increased endothelial permeability,
intimal lipid accumulation, platelet and
Heart: Myocardium, Replacement monocytic adhesion, migration of
fibrosis, multifocally extensive smooth muscle cells into the intima,
smooth muscle proliferation, synthesis
of extracellular matrix components, and
accumulation of lipid in macrophages
and smooth muscle cells and
extracellularly

Stratified squamous
epithelium overlying fibrous
AL type amyloid is derived from plasma
Plasmacytoma with connective tissue and
80 Cat cells and contains abundant Ig Light
amyloid skeletal muscle (gingiva per
chain
contributor) Plasmacytoma
with amyloid

Mammary Gland: Mastitis,

Coliform mastitis- severe, acute post
necrotizing, acute, diffuse
calving, and dry off infection.
21 81 Ox E coli mastitis with interlobular edema,
Envoronmental contaminants enter the
necrotizing lymphangitis, and
relaxed teat sphincter.
intra-alveolar bacteria
Large Intestine: Vasculitis,
necrotizing, acute diffuse, Deer adenovirus has tropism for
secondary oral and ruminal abscesses
Adenoviral hemorrhagic moderate with endothelial endothelial cells- ulceration of mouth,
82 Moose with Fusobacterium and
disease basophilic intranuclear forestomachs, pulmonary edema and
Arcanobacterium
inclusions, hemorrhage, and hemorrhage
edema

Lung: Vasculitis, necrotizing,

acute, diffuse, with interstitial
Adenoviral Hemorrhagic Disease- ddx- bluetongue, Jabaraki, EHD
edema, hemorrhage rare
Closely related to Bovine Adenovirus -3 (orbivirus)
fibrin thrombi and basophilic
inclusions

Buccal mucosa, salivary

Systemic necrobacillosis, often isolated
glands, haired skin:
with Arcanobacterium pyogenes. Initial
Stomatitis, necrotizing,
Fusobacterium cases with draining foot lesions
83 Antelope focally extensive, severe,
necrophorum contaminated ground water, and minor
with mineralization, and
lesions in the mouth allowed
myriad filamentous bacilli,
colonization
and colonies of cocci

Rumen: Rumenitis,
necrotizing, acute, focally
extensive, severe, with
myriad filamentous bacteria
 Chorioallantois: hyperplasia, allantois is normally nonglandular and
Cystic adenomatous adenomatous and cysticm nonsecretory. The proliferative lesion
84 Horse
allantoic hyperplasia allantoic, multifocal with may be secondary to chronic placental
inflammation disorders.

Chorioallantois:
Allantochorionitis
(placentitis), necrotizing with
many filamentous bacteria

Chorioallantois: Placentitis,
ddx: Chlamyidophila abortus, and Animals get infected through Coxiella-
cotyledonary and
Brucella, spp Coxiella is a member of containing feces of ticks. Infectioin in
Coxiella burnetti intercotyledonary.
22 85 Sheep Rickettsiaceae. Q fever in humans is the flock spreads by aerosol or eating
placentitis Necrotizing, subacute, with
characterized by atypical pneumonia, placentas. Sheeo cattle and goats are
vasculitis and myriad
fever, hepatitis reservoirs.
intracellular bacteria
Brucella ovis and C. abortus does not
Rickettsiae are small coccoid
affect intercotyledonary areas and
to bacilli shaped organisms
placentome

Lung: Pneumonia,
Peste Dea Petit ruminants/ Rinderpest
bronchointerstitial, with type
(cattle)- morbiliivirus- Oral erosions,
Peste de petit ruminants II pneumocyte hyperplasia,
86 Goat conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dehydration,
(Morbillivirus) syncytial cells, intranuclear
and death. Rinderpest usually does not
and intracytoplasmic
progress to pneumonia, but PPR does
eosinophilic inclusions

Lymph node: Hemorrhage, Flaviviridae, pestivirus- may appear

Classical Swine Fever medullary with
87 Pig
(Pestivirus) erythrophagocytosis and
hemosiderosis
Lymph node: Lymphoid
depletion
Cerebrum and meninges:
Ovine Herpes virus-2 Vasculitis, lymphocytic,
88 Pig
(MCF) diffuse, mild to moderate with
perivascular edema
Haired skin: Dermatitis,
granulomatous, nodular,
Histoplasma capsulatum multifocal and coalescing,
23 89 Baboon
var duboisii with ulceration, epidermal
hyperplasia, and numerous
intrahistiocytic yeast
similar to African Swine Fever, widespread vasculopathy leading to
erysipelas, and septicemic hemorrhage and infarctions
salmonellosis
MCF viruses: WTD-MCF virus
(gammaherpes), OHV-2, AHV-1, CpHV-
2
H capsulatum var capsulatum is 2-4
African large form histoplasmosis- H.
um, Coccidioides is smaller than
capsulatum var duboisii. Natural
duboisii, Coccidioides is 5-25 um
infection reported in baboons and
spherules, Blastomyces is similar in
humans. 8-15 um diameter with thick
size and shape but has broad based
walls and single narrow based buds
budding and lack of chain formation
 Ruminants- negri bodies found most
consistently in purkinje cells/
Carnivores- hippocampal cells/ Initial
Spinal cord: Myelitis, non furious vs paralytic form-
replication is in muscle then
suppurative, multifocal with Polioencephalomyelitis and
transmission to motor neuron synapses,
perivascular hemorrhage, ganglioneuritis, non-suppurative. Negri
90 Ox Rabies and retrograde axoplasmic flow to the
and neuronal eosinophilic bodies are round 2-8 um they may
CNS. Then there is centrifugal spread
intracytoplasmic inclusion contain internal basophilic stippling and
to the peripheral nerves and salivary
bodies and peripheral halo.
glands. The virus replicates in the
acinar epithelium and buds into the
lumen.

Gross ddx: Caseous lymphadenitis

Liver: Granulomas with
(Corynebacterium ovis). Opportunistic
intrahistiocytic coccobacilli,
pathogen, ubiquitous. Goats can be
91 Goat Rhodococcus equi portal hepatitis,
infected with innocuous strains lacking
lymphoplasmcytic with biliary
VapA. Goats may be inherently
hyperplasia
susceptible

Trabeculat bone, epithelial

lined spaces, connective
M bovis- Mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis,
tissue and stratified
Auditory bulla- Severe chronic synovitis and genital infections, otitis
92 Ox Mycoplasma bovis squamous epithelium:
suppurative otitis media media similar to pigs with Mycoplasma
Necrosis and inflammation,
hyorhinis
suppurative with ractive bone
formation

Cerebellum and brain stem:

Autolytic changes resulted in DDx: Familial lower motor neuron
Neuronal vacuolar Neuronal vacuolation and
24 93 Dog vacuolation surrounding Purkinje cells; disease, neuroaxonal dystrophy,
degeneration degeneration, multifocal,
DDX- metabolic storage disease leukoencephalomyelopathy
moderate

Rosenthal fibers tend to accumulate

beneath the pia mater, around blood
Cerebellum: Encephalopathy thought to represent a chronic
Encephalopathy with vessels, and ependyma of both grey
94 Deer with numerous Rosenthal metabolic stress response to unknown
rosenthal fibers and white matter. Composed of Alpha
fibers and demyelination deleterious stimuli
B- crystallin (related to Heat shock
protein)

Proliferative disease of microglia or

macroglia cells. Regarded as
neoplastic, diffuse, insidious growth . gliomatosis cerebri blends with
Cerebellum and brainstem: Can be perivascular. Microglia are a surrounding neuropil, and may be
95 Dog Gliomatosis cerebri
Gliomatosis cerebri constituent part of the phagocytic and detected only by subtle enlargement of
immunocomponenet system of the CNS the infiltrated stuctures
and are believed to originate from bone
marrow derived macrophages.
 In utero infections with Parvovirus,
Progressive loss of purkinje cells with
BVD, CSF and toxins may result of
Cerebellum: Purkinje cell decrease in overall mass is hallmark of
cerebellar hypoplasia by producing
degeneration and loss of cerebellar cortical abiotrophy. Because
degeneration and necrosis of germinal
Cerebellar cortical purkinje cells with secondary of the nutritive synaptic link of Purkinje
96 Dog cells which histologically results in
abiotrophy granular cell loss and cells with granular cell neurons loss of
disorganization of Purkinje cells and
molecular layer atrophy purkinje cells results in reduction og
disruption of normal architecture.
(cortical abiotrophy) granule neurons. When severe there is
Cerebellar abiotrophy affects the
atrophy of the molecular layer
cerebellum after it has developed fully.

Urinary bladder: Ulceration,

diffuse, with mucosal Other lesions: myocardial degeneration
25 97 Horse Cantharidin cystitis
fibroplasia and and necrosis
neovascularization

StomachL Epithelial
degeneration, necrosis and
loss with subacute gastritis

Large Intestine: Colitis,

subacute, diffuse, moderate, Hepatomegaly with multifocal random
with crypt epithelial necrosis. Bacteria can be seen in
98 Hamster Clostridium piliforme
hyperplasia, goblet cell loss, hepatocytes, myocardium and intestinal
and intraepithelial epithelium
filamentous bacilli

Fibrovascular tissue: Ectopic

cyst is lined by keratinized squamous
thyroid gland and squamous
ddx: Pharyngeal puch cysts, parathyroid epithelium similar to oropharyngeal
epithelial lined cyst
cysts, branchial cysts, ultimobranchial epithelium. The cyst wall contains
99 Sheep Thyroglossal duct cyst (thyroglossal duct cyst) with
duct cysts, follicular cysts, and salivary numerous primitive epithelial ducts that
chronic active inflammation,
mucocoeles. merge into normal appearing follicles.
ulceration and granulation
Foreign body may cause abscess.
tissue

Myelocytomatosis- bone marrow

intersinusoidal spaces are filled with
primitive myeloid stem cells and
Myelocytomatosis, myeloid leukosis,
neoplastic myelocytes that appear to
and myelocytoma are all neoplastic
Avian leukosis virus type arrest their differentitation at the non-
100 Chicken Ovary: Myelocytoma conditions cause dby Avian Leukosis
J (Myelocytomatosis) granuloated or granulated level.
Virus -J. Meat type chickens are the
Neoplasms often extend through the
traget cell
periosteum forming distinctive soft
friable nodular masses often at
costochondral junctions

DDX: Plasmacytoma, histiocytoma,

IGG mediated regression. Some
AFIP: Mucocutaneous mast cell tumor, lymphoma, melanoma.
Transmissible venereal progrssive tumors evade imune system
26 101 Dog junction: Transmissible The uniform chromatin pattern, lack of
tumor (TVT) by secreting a tumor-associated antigen
venereal tumor cell nuclear atypia, multifocal individiual
that blocks antibody development.
necrosis, were compatible with TVT
 SIV infection causes
Lung: Pneumonia,
immunosuppression. Most adenovirus Cytomegalovirus (betaherpes) is a ddx:
bronchointerstitial,
infections are systemic, but some have virus is found in macrophages,
necrotizing, with type II
102 Rhesus Adenoviral pneumonia tropism for respiratory epithelium or endothelium and epithelial cells.
pneumocyte hyperplasia,
enterocytes. Persistent infectionsin Affected tissues have necrosis with
fibrinous pleuritis, and
pharyngeal lymphoid tissue can serve neutrophils, inclusions are eosinophilic.
basophilic nuclear inclusions
as source of infection.

Chorioamnion:
Chorioamnionitis, Group B strep was isolated from the
Chorioamnionitis ACA- Acute Chorioamnionitis (humans)
103 Rhesus neutrophilic, with fibrinoid stomach, and Group G strep was found
bacterial caused by numerous bacteria
vasculitis, and extracellular in the vagina
cocci
Lung: Pneumonia

sysnonyms: episthesioneuroblastoma, cells are small to medium sized, round

Nasal Cavity:
104 Rat Neuroblastoma olfactory neuroepithelioma/ to oval or polygonal, with scant
Neuroblastoma, olfactory
neuroepithelial caricnoma cytoplasm, and hyperchromatic nuclei

Histamine cuases loosenign of mucosal

Lung: Bronchitis and
bronchiolitis, exudative,
eosinophilic and
Eosinophilic bronchitis lymphoplasmacytic, diffuse,
27 105 Cat and bronchiolitis (feline moderate with pulmonary
Asthma) arterial fibromuscular
hypertrophy and eosinophilic
endarteritis, periarteritis and
pleuritis
epithelial tight junctions allowing more
allergen to reach mast cells.
Bronchial gland hyperplasia and smooth Parasympathetic vagal stimulation
muscle hypertrophy or airways and inducec bronchosontriction and
arteries (similar lesions found with increased mucus production; Late
Toxocara canis larvae, and phase pf Type 1 hypersensitivity-
Aleurostrongylus abstrusus) leukocytes migrate in, epithelium
produces eotaxin, and eosinophils
damage airways and cause airway
constriction

Haired skin: Dermatitis,

The most characteristic lesions in sub-epidemal clefting may be seen in
lichenoid (interface),
hydropic degeneration of the basal cell severe cases, pigmentary incontinence
lymphocytic, diffuse, with
Systemic Lupus layer with lichenoid inflammation. occurs results from release of melanin
106 Horse basal cell hydropic
Erythematosus Civatte bodies are a feature of all from basal cells. Adnexal atrophy can
degeneration and necrosis
lichenoid dermatosis and are apoptotic occur along with acanthosis and
(Civatte bodies) and
basal cells (hypereosinophilic) hyperkeratosis (ortho and para)
intraceorneal pustules

Skeletal changes- Marked short term

increase in D--> increased osteoclastic
Hypercalcemia- decreased excitability
activity//Prolonged toxicity causes the
og GI tract, skeletal muscle, cardiac
Kidney: Mineralization of matrix to become tangled and fibrillar
arrhythmias, interferes with ADH and
Bowman's capsules, with higher affinity for hydroxyapatite.
renal transport of sodium and chloride
107 Rabbit Hypervitaminosis D interstitium, tubular Resulting in a deeply basophilic ground
into the interstitium. May result in
basement membranesm and substance. Eventually osteoid replaces
vasoconstriction of renal vessels, renal
vessels the matrix. Usually it is intermittent
tubular epithelium mitochondia are
resulting in broad resting lines
damaged
separating large depostis of abnormal
osteoid

Bone: Osteosclerosis

Spleen: Splenitis, histiocytic,
diffuse, moderate with
108 Parrot Avian Polyomavirus
lymphoid depletion,
intranuclear inclusionss
Fatal disease of nestlings and
budgerigars. Gross- subcutaneous
Characteristic feature is acute
hemorrhage, dehydration, subserosal
macrophage infection within splenic
hemorrhages. Histo- kayomegaly,
periarteriolar sheaths
pannuclear inclusoions, most prominent
in splenic macrophages

Liver: Necrosis, submassive,

and hemorrhage, diffuse with
rare intranuclear inclusions

Posterior kidney: Protozoa, Other diseases of Salmonids with

Myxosporidiosis numerous, glomerular and Myxozoans include whirling disease
28 109 Salmon (Parvicapsula intratubular with multifocal (Myobolus cerebralis) amd proliferative
minibicornis) tubular degeneration and kidney disease (PKX agent phylum
necrosis Myxozoa)
110 Mouse Teratoma Testis: teratoma Teratomas seen mostly in 129 strain

Liver: Swelling and vascuolar

large vessels of the liver contain
degeneration, hepatocellular,
immature hematopoietic cells// Filoviral Monocytes and macrophages secrete
diffuse with scattered single
111 Macaque Marburg virus (filovirus) infections are characterized by minimal TNF, IFN gamma, IL's proteases, free
cell necrosis, and
host response with absolute radicals cause disease
eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
lymphopenia
inclusions, and edema

Duodenum: Enteritis,
transmural,
112 Cat Zygomycosis pyogranulomatous to
granulomatous with fungal
hyphae
Malignant lymphoma
Liver, spleen: Malignant
29 113 Boa (boid inclusion body
lymphoma
disease)
IBD- inclusions in epithelial cells of
most tissues and occasionally in
Liver: Eosinophilic inclusion
lymphocytes. Type C retrovirus.
bodies, intracytoplasmic
Secondary bacterial infections,
Neurologic signs
Liver, spleen: Granulomas
with bacterial colonies
Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing,

Liver: amyloidosis, diffuse,

Mycobacterium avium with hepatic cord atrophy AA amyloid due to chronic
114 Duck
granulomas; amyloidosis and necrotizing mycobacterium infection
granulomatous hepatitis

Cecum: Typhlitis,
necrotizing, transmural with
115 Iguana Entamoeba invadens
edema and amoebic
trophozoites
amoebae are scarce and usually found
in small clusters within colonic mucus
and may exhibit erythrophagocytosis.
Iron hematoxylin and trichrome stains
can aid in identifying them from
macrophages.

a bening proliferation of chondrocytes

composed of hyaline or myxohyaline
116 Python Chondroma Trachea: Chondroma
cartilage and usually arising from
cartilaginous tissues.
Sacral Spinal cord:
Meningitis, and
polyradiculitis,
Halicephalobus
30 117 Horse granulomatous, multifocal,
gingivalis
moderate with rhabditoid
nematode adults, larvae and
eggs

Pancreas: Pancreatitis, multifocal to diffuse interstitial infiltrates

Simian necrotizing, chronic active, of mixed inflammatory cells with
118 Rhesus immunodeficiency virus multifocal with duct lymph node- sinus histiocytosis degeneration and necrosis of exocrine
with Adenovirus hyperplasia and eosiniphilic pancreatic cells with interstitial fibrosis.
intranuclear inclusions Islet cells are not affected.

Eye, retina: Atrophy, outer FVB/N and C3H mouse is homozygous

119 Mouse Retinal atrophy heredity, age, light iduced causes
segment, diffuse for the rd1 gene- Elevated cGMP

Urinary bladder: cystitis,

polypoid, chronic, diffuse, calcium oxalates are not common in
120 Cougar Cystitis polypoid
with transmural hemorrhage cytitis. Struvites can cause blockage
and multifocal fibroplsaia
Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx notes notes/DDX
1998-1999
Kidney: Nephritis, granulomatous, Other Rahbditids- Perlodera
multifocal with fibrosis, tubular strongyloides (dermatitis),
1 1 Equine Halicephalobus deletrix
ectasia, and many adult and larval Stongyloides westerii, and
rhabditid Cephalobus sp

NA causes of Equine
Optic nerve: Neuritis, necrotizing,
verminous encephalitis-
granulomatous, diffuse, severe, ddx: Ataxia: Trauma, Degenerative
Hypoderma bovis, hypoderma
1 with epineurial and perineurial myelopathy, Wobblers syndrome,
lineatum, Strongylus vulgaris,
fibrosis and many adult and larval Neoplasia, various infectious agents
and Draschia meagstoma,
rhabditid nematodes
Setaria spp

Pythium: branching, rarely

septate, 5-10 microns with
nearly parallel walls; Water
Colon: Colitis, ulcerativem ddx: Zygomycetes/ Pythium is not
molds form motile flagellate
pyogranulomatous, and infectious because the infective form
1 2 Canine Pythium insidiosum zoospores, and have walls
eosinophilic, chronic, severe, (zoospore) is not known to form in
with cellulose and beta-glucan,
diffuse, with few hypahe tissues
without chitin or ergosterol-
chemotherapy with fungal
azoles is not effective

Salmonid Lens: spherical ball

consisting of 3 tissues: 1)
encapsulating sheath of
noncellular transparent
material, which is secreted by
2) the underlying
physiologically active cells, Fish cataracts: Dietary deficiencies-
Eye, lens: Cataractous change, nucleated and capable of Tryptophan, thiamine, riboflavin, zinc,
circumferential, moderate to division. 3) Immediately Vitamin A, and Vitamin C, /
1 3 Salmon Nutritional cataract
severe, with epithelial hyperplasia beneath these active cells, and Envoronment- gas supersaturation,
and fibrous meataplasia by far the greatest volume cold, excess sunlight, UV rays,
consists of lens fibers- long Organisms- Trematode metacercariae
slender transparent, non-
nucleated, cells lying in layers.
The fish lens is inelastic and
must be drawn toward the
retina by the retractor lentis
muscle to accomodate vision

Rickettsia rickettsii- tick-borne Endothelial cells are the target -->

Cerebrum, hippocampus:
Rickettsia rickettsii- obligate intracellular parasite vasculitis, Platelet aggregation,
choriomeningoencephalitis, acute
1 4 Canine Rocky Mountain Spotted carried by Dermacentor Thrombocytopenia, bleeding,
to subacute, multifocal with
Fever andersoni, D. variabilis, or splenomegaly, edema of medullary
vasculitis
Amblyomma americanum respiratory center--> death
 Humans- Meningoencepahlitis,
1
myocarditis, hepatitis, DIC

Haired skin and subcutis and

Im injection--> muscle necrosis
skeletal muscle: Dermatitis,
in Rats, rabbits, hamsters,
Ketamine induced pannniculitis, and myositis,
2 5 Rat guinea pigs, marmosets.
muscle necrosis necrotizing, suppurative, chronic,
Intraperitoneal injections are
focally extensive, severe, with
better
multiple mineralization

Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous,

Freunds Adjuvant Lesions result from mineral oil
2 6 Rabbit multifocal, and coalescing,
induced pneumonia or mycobacteria
moderate, with lipid vacuoles

Malignant Lymphoma:
2 7 Mouse SJL Lymph node: Malignant lymphoma
Autoimmune myositis
Skeletal muscle, myocytes:
Lymphoma and inflammatory
degeneration, necrosis nd
muscle disease develops
2 regeneration, multifocal, mild, with
spontaneously in 100% of SJL
histiocytic, and neutrophilic
mice
inflammation

Cerebrum, white matter:

Demyelination, diffuse, moderate, Synonyms:
Cairn terriers, West Highland White
globoid cell with gliosis, axonal swelling, galactocerebrosidosis,
2 8 Canine terriers, Mini Poodle, Bluetick hound,
Leukodystrophy histiocytosis, and intrahistiocytic galactosylceramide lipidosis,
Beagles
flocculent material (globoid cell Krabbes disease
leukodystrophy)

Haired skin and subcutis:

Dermatitis, and panniculitis, and
Blastomyces Skin lesions commonly result
3 9 Feline pyogranulomatous, diffuse, severe,
dermatiditis from disseminated infection
with ulceration acanthosis,
furunculosis, and yeasts

Small intestine: enteritis, subacute,

diffuse, mild, with multifocal villar
Minute virus of canine CPV-1 causes mild enteritis,
3 10 Canine fusion, multifocal epithelial death less than 3 weeks old
CPV-1 myocarditis and pneumonia
necrosis, and villar tip epithelial
intranuclear inclusions
3 Lymph node: Lymphoid necrosis

Piroplasmida and family

Theileriidae; Large schizonts
Spleen: Histiocytosis,
of C felis develop in
3 11 Feline Cytauxzoonosis intravascular, with intrahistiocytic
macrophages; Trophozoites
protozoal schizonts
are ring forms and present in
the cytoplasm of erythrocytes
 Liver: Hepatitis, granulomatous,
3 12 Canine Mycobacterium avium portal, central, and multifocal with
intrahistiocytic bacilli
Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous,
3 perivascular with intrhisitocytic
bacilli
3
3 Disease Mycobacterium lesions
3 Classic Tuberculosis M. tuberculosis Mf granulomas/ tubecles
3 M bovis
3 M. Afrincanum
3 M microti
Diffuse granulomatous systemic
3 MAC/ Avian Mycobacterium M avium-intracellulare
disease
3 M avium paratuberculosis Diffues granulomatous enteritis
3 M genevense
3 Leprosy M leprae Neuritis
3 M lepraemurium
3 Atypical mycobacteriosis M fortuitum localized skin infections
3 M chelonaw
3

Liver: Hepatocellular degeneration

and necrosis, diffuse with mild
Infectious Canine multifocal acute hepatitis and CAV-1- Hepatocytes, Kupffer
4 13 Skunk Injury to liver, kidney, and eye
Hepatitis, CAV-1 vasculitis, numerous hepatocellular cells, and Endothelium
intranuclear inclusions, and rare
endothelial intranuclear inclusions

Kindey: Nephritis,
necrosuppurative, multifocally
4 14 Canine Aspergillus terreus german shepherd
extensive with necrotizing
vasculitis, and fungal hyphae
E7 protein binds to Rb-->
Oral mucosa: Hyperplasia with
Focal epithelial insufficient inhibition of cell
numerous kpoilocytes, vacuolar
4 15 Primate hyperplasia, growth --> DNA synthesis
degeneration, and few intranuclear
papillomavirus triggered, and cell cyle
inclusions
engages

Lung: Pneumonia,
Feline Viral bronchointerstitial, necrotizing with
4 16 Feline
Rhinotracehitis, FHV-1 alveolar edema, few syncytial cells,
and numerous eosinophilic INIB

Heart, myocardium: Vasculitis and

perivasculitis, lymphohistiocytic,
and plasmacytic with vsacular
5 17 Bovine BVD Pestivirus cytopathic strain
fibrinoid necrosis and mild
interstitial edema, and myocardial
necrosis
 Lungs: Interlobular edema, alvelar
Equine Hendravirus, vascular mural necrosis and
5 18 Equine edema, endothelial syncytia,
Paramyxovirus lymphoid infiltration
fibrinoid necrosis, perivasculitis

Kidneys: Vasculopathy with

5
endothelial syncytia
Haired skin: Vasculitis, and
perivasculitis, necrotizing,
neutrophilic and eosinophilic, with IHC studies suggest link to
5 19 Porcine PRRS, arterivirus
hemorrhage, multifocal epidermal PDNS
necrosis and mild epithelial
hyperplasia

Skeletal muscle and fibroadipose

Plerocercoid,
tissue: Plerocercoid (Sparagnum)
5 20 Porcine sparganum
with multifocal myosittis,
(Sparganosis)
eosinophilic and steatitis

Primitive Spinal cord: Primitive

6 21 Canine ihc: Syn+, GFAP +, NFP -, Astrocytomas are Syn --
neuroectodermal tumor neuroectodermal tumor

6 22 Rabbit Odontogenic neoplasm Buccal mucosa: Ameloblastoma

T cell rich B cell

lymphoma, eosinophil Liver: Malignant B cell lymphoma, CD45 RA (B cell) + (many
6 23 Canine CD 3 + small to medium cells
rich (Diffuse large B cell T cell rich with tissue eosinophilia large atypical cells)
lymphoma)

Lung: Pleuritis, pyogranulomatous,

diffuse, severe, with multifocal
pyogranulomatous pneumonia, Rhodococcus is Gram +
6 24 Feline Rhodococcus equi
diffuse atelectasis, and numerous Variably Acid Fast
intrahistiocytic gram positive
coccobacilli

Erysipelothrix: small Gram

Haired skin, dermis and subcutis:
Erysipelothrix POS, Non-spore forming,
7 25 Porcine Thrombosis, fibrinoid necrosis, and
rhusiopathiae pleomorphic bacillus,
acute vasculitis
facultative anaerobe
Skeletal muscle: Thrombosis,
fibrinoid mecrosis and acute
vasculitis, multifocal moderate with
diffuse hemorrhage
Monensin: Alters membrane
Skeletal muscle: Degeneration and transport of Na+ and K+,
Monensis toxicity,
necrosis, diffuse, with multifocal leding to Calcium disruption,
7 26 Equine ionophore, and
histiocytic and neutrophilic Mitochondrial failure, enregy
Sarcocystis
inflammation and few Sarcocystis depletion, increased cellular
calcium
 Chorioallantois: Placentitis with
multifocal necrosis, vasculitis, and
7 27 Bovine Arcanobacter pyogenes
numerous intracellular and
extracellular bacilli
Lung: Intrabronchiolar and intra-
alveolar bacteria, histiocytes,
7
amorphous debris, yellow
pigment,a nd epithelial cells
Haired skin: Dermatitis,
Papillomatous digital proliferative, and verrucous with
dermatitis multifocal epidermal hydropic PDD and IDD in diary cows
7 28 Equine
(Spirchetes??); degeneration and intraepidermal are similar.
Pelodera strongyloides filamentous bacilli and argyrophilic
spirochetes
Haired skin: Intrafollicular and
superficial rhabditid nematodes
Pulmonary Thick tegument, calcareous
mesocestodiasis, Lung: Granulomas, eosinophilic corpuscles, parenchymatous
8 29 Primate
mesocestoides sp with larval cestodes body, invaginated unarmed
larvae (Coenurus) scolex, suckers.
Brain; Meninges; otic labyrinthe;
pericardium; skeletal muscle:
Streptococcus iniae
8 30 Tilapia Inflammation, histiocytic and
septicemia
lympoplasmacytic with
intrahistiocytic cocci
Gill: Branchitis,
lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal with
epithelial hyperplasia
Kidney: Tubular epithelial
Babesiosis; Radiation degeneration and necrosis with hemoglobinuric nephrosis from
8 31 Baboon
effect proteinaceous casts, and debris, babesia hemolysis
intraeryhtrocytic piroplasms

Kidneysm heart, Atrium, LI,

Radiation effect- endothelium
Arteries: Fibrinoid necrosis with
is most sensitive
perivascular hemorrhage and fibrin

Kidney: Glomerulopathy,
Radiation effect
membranous, global, multifocal
Heart: Contraction band necrosis
and fibrosis
Large Intestine: Hemorrhage in
lamina propria
 ISA- Orthomyxovirus- Severe anemia, leukopenia,
Infectious salmon trunk kidney: congestion and
8 32 Salmon Replicates in endothelial cells, congestion, liver necrosis, ascites,
anemia, orthomyxovirus hemorrhage, diffuse
endocardium, and leukocytes. pale gills, petechia

Liver: Degeneration and necrosis,

multifocal

Kidney: Necrosis, tubular

epithelium, multifocal

Toxins: Furans, Chlorinated

Lung: Bronchiolar epithelium: hydrocarbons, aromatic
Naphthalene toxicity; Clara cell is primary target due to high
9 33 Mouse Degeneration and necrosis, scute, hydrocarbons, pyrrolizifine
clara cell necrosis concentration of P-450 enzymes
diffuse alkaloids, paraquat, 3-
methylindole, naphthalene

Kidney: Tubular degeneration and
necrosis, diffuse, with hyaline,
9 34 Equine Oak toxicity granular, and cellular casts, tubular
ectasia, tubular regeneration, and
diffuse congestion
Tannins and their metabolites- Tannins--> digallic acid--> gallic acid
concentration highest in young and pyrogallol (reducing agents)-->
leaves and the shells of green hemorrhagic gastroenteritis,
acorns. Toxic mechanism is hematuria, and SQ hemorrhgae and
poorly understood hemolysis.

Azotemia, hypoproteinemia,
Gross: Kidneys are large pale hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia,
with petechia and congested hypochloremia, hyperkalemia,
medulla, perirenal edema hypocalcemia, and
hyperphosphatemia
9 35 Rabbit Renal cell carcinoma Kidney: Renal cell carcinoma
Dogs: Vomiting, dysuria, regurgitation,
Chromatolysis, swollen nuclei, mydriasis, elevated third eyelid, dry
Ganglion: Neuronal degeneration
karyolysis, and mucous membranes, purulent nasal
and necrosis, diffuse, with satellite
9 36 Equine Equine dysautonomia hypereosinophilia, cytoplasmic discharge, anorexia, and weight loss,
cell proliferation and mild multifocal
vacuoles, axonal swelling and dysuria, purulent nasal discharge,
lymphocytic ganglioneuritis
spheroids anorexia, and weight loss, elevated
third eyelid

Cats (Key-Gaskell): 50% have

bradycardia, dry mucous ED: incr heart rate, pathcy sweating,
9
membranes; fixed dilated drooling
pupils, reduced lacrimation
 Mesentery, arteries: Arteriopathy,
Hypertenisve fibrosis, medial hypertrophy,
10 37 Rat-SHR Similar to polyarteritis nodosa
arteriopathy fibrinoid necrosis, thrombosis,
arteritis

Haired skin, ear: Dermatitis,

Leishmania amastigotes
histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic,
Cutaneous survive and replicate in the
diffuse, severe, with ulceration, Organisms bind C3b and resist lysis
10 38 Guinea pig leishmaniasis, macrophage phagolysosome.
serocellular hemorrhagic crust, and by C5-C9
cutaneous The PH is maintained by a
intrahistiocytic protozoal
proton secreting ATPase.
amastigotes

Leishmania- 2 x 5 um Trypansoma- Kinetoplast is parallel to

spherical or ovoid with round the nucleus, and is larger and more
eccentric nucleus and rod basophilic. Toxoplasma tachyzoites
10 38 shaped kinetoplast lying are 4-6 um with basophilic nucleus,
perpendicular to the nucleus, and lack a kinetoplast, and may be
both basophilic with HE, found in leukocytes, epithelial cells,
nucleus is red with Giemsa and stromal cells, and endothelial cells

Adult - cuticle with lateral

internal ridges, that project into
hypodermal chords,
Subcutis, fibroelastic arterites:
coelomyaria, polymayarian
Arteritis, chronic active, focally
Peripheral dirofilariasis, musculature, which is divided
10 39 Canine extensive, moderate with
Dirofilaria immitis by flattened hypodermal
periarteritis, fibrin thrombus, and
chords and a pseudocoelom
intraluminal adult nematode
containing an intestine with
small lumen and two
reproductive tubes.

both cause type II pneumocyte

Lung: Pneumonia, hyperplasia, syncytial cells and
Respiratory syncytial bronchointerstitial, acute to RSV- paramyxoviridae- eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and
10 40 Primate virus, pneumoniavirus; subacute, diffuse, severe, with pneumovirus; DDX measles intranuclear inclusiona. Measles has
Streptococcus type II pneumocyte hyperplaisa, (morbillivirus) systemic manifestations-- gingival
edema, syncytial cells, and cocci necrosis, erythematous macules and
rash, lymphadenopathy,

Malignant pleomorphic
Brain stem: Malignant pleomorphic
11 41 Canine round cell tumor (favor T
round cell tumor
cell)

B-mannosidosis in Salers
cattle is a rapidly fatal,
inherited lysosomal storage
Lymph node: Histiocytosis, diffuse, disease resulting in
Beta-mannosidosis Causes severe demyelination in brain,
11 42 Bovine moderate with intrahistiocytic accumulation of
(Salers crossbred) in contrast to Alpha-mannosidosis
vacuoles oligosaccharides and
cytoplasmic vacuolation of
neurons, renal epithelium,
thyroid, and macrophages
 Endocardium and
Heart: Endomyocarditis, subendocardium are Interstitial pneumonia occurs
neutrophilic and expanded by edema with low frequently in cats with EMC with Left
11 43 Feline Feline endomyocarditis
lymphoplasmacytic, subacute, numbers of neutrophils, Ventricular Endocardial Fibrosis
diffuse, lymphocytes and occurring as a sequela.
macrophages

Young cats < 4 yrs; Restrictive Cardiomyopathy:

Respiratory distress, rare Endomyocardial fibrosis, myocardial
hindlimb paralysis, stressful interstitial fibrosis, myocyte
event hypertrophy, and nyocardial necrosis

Similar to Leigh's disease:

Also have vascular lesions-
Familial Alaskan Husky Thalamus: Cavitation and necrosis,
vascular endothelial
11 44 Canine (Sled Dog) focally extensive, with gitter cells
proliferation and sparing of the
encephalopathy and mild gliosis
neuronal perikarya in the
thalamus
Probably secondary to
cerebral cortex: Necrosis laminar,
ischemia and hypoxia from
focally extensive with gliosis
siezures
Cerebellum: Purkinje and granular
cell loss, multifocal, segemntal with
moderate gliosis
Oral mucosa: stomatitis,
proliferative, eosinophilic and
Eosinophilic granuloma Similar to the cats, may occur hereditary or hypersensitivity may
12 45 Canine granulomatous, focally extensive,
complex in mouth and on skin predispose
with collagen degeneration and
ulceration

flea bites are routes of transmission;

Yersinia pestis- non-motile, Organisms is destroyed in
Lymph node: Lymphadenitis,
Yersinia pestis, non-spore forming, facultative, neutrrophils, but survives in
12 46 Ferret necrotizing, suppurative, diffuse,
yersiniosis anaerobic, gram-negative, macrophages; Yop encodes a type II
severe, with numerous bacilli
bipolar coccobacillus secretion apparatus and is necessary
for replication in macrophages

Ingestion or inhalaltion:
organisms have already
Oral is most common in cats, ferrets,
acquired the phagocytosis
and carnivores
resistant capsule and thus
have a shorter incubation time

Ciliary body Cytokeratin and Vimentin +, S-

12 47 Feline Eye: Ciliary body adenocarcinoma cytokeratin is variable
adenocarcinoma 100 --, PAS + BM
 Kidney: Proximal convoluted
The intracytoplasmic bodies
tubular epithelium: Degeneration,
are 2um hyaline inclusions
Cyclodextrin toxocity; multifocal, moderate, to severe,
seen in rat hyaline droplet
12 48 Rat Hyalin droplet with cytoplasmic vacuolation,
nephropathy; The acicular
nephropathy variably electron dense acicular
crystals are cyclodextrin-
crystals, and electron dense
induced nephrosis in male rats
rhomboidal and globular bodies

Benign hair follicle

Haired skin: Benign hair follicle
tumor; Polyomavirus
13 49 Hamster tumor with few intranuclear
induced-
inclusions
Trichoepithelioma
13
Packets of polygonal cells with
Malignant interstitial cell Testis: Interstitial cell tumor, abundant bright eosinophilic
13 50 Rat Placental Alk Phos Neg, PAS negative
tumor malignant cytoplasm, granular, round
central nuclei
streptococcal Suckling neonatal rats, poor
Small intestine; Numerous luminal ddx: IDIR (Rotavirus), Tyzzers,
13 51 Rat enteropathy (Group D haircoats, diarrhea, low
epithelium adherent cocci Salmonella
strep) mortality
13
Haired skin, pinna: dermatitis,
eosinophilic, mastocytic,
lymphocytic, and plasmacytic,
13 52 Canine Sarcoptes scabei mites or eggs seen
chronic, diffuse, hyperkeratotic
crust, intracorneal pustules,
intracorneal mites
inadequate maternal thyroid
Hyperplastic goiter, thyroid gland: Hyperplasia, hormone corssing placenta--> dystocia, retained placenta, and
14 53 Equine
congenital follicular, severe fetal TSH--> thyorid prolonged gestation
hyperplasia

Hepatic encephalopathy
secondary- toxic to astrocytes,
ammonia metabolized to
Liver: Arteriolar hyperplasia, portal, glutamine= toxic. GABA Ammonium and uric acid crystals
14 54 Canine Portosystemic shunt diffuse, moderate with portal vein synthesized by GO bacteria, (ammonium biurates) especially in
hypoplasia, and lobular atrophy Spongioform change of white alkaline urine.
matter, Alzheimer Type II cells
(small clusters of swollen
astrocytes, with clear nuclei)

Liver: Fibrosis, dissecting, diffuse,

moderate, with hepatocellular
Lobular dissecting hepatitis: 3
degneration, and loss,
14 55 Canine Chronic hepatitis months to 5 years, copper
lymphoplasmacytic, histiocytic, and
negative, increased reticulin
neutrophilic hepatitis, canalicular
cholestasis, and biliary hyperplasia
 Heart and diaphragm: myositis,
necrotizing, lymphohistiocytic, Tissue cysts: thin 0.5 um wall,
14 56 Llama Toxoplasma gondii subacute, multifocal, moderate 10-100um in diameter, muscle, Tachyzoites: 4-6 long crescentic
with intracellular and extracellular liver, retina, brain
protozoa
Type II glycogenosis: deficiency of
lysosomal acid maltase (alpha 1,4
heart and skeletal muscle:
Type 2 Glycogen alpha-glucosidase (branching glucosidase)--> abnormal storage of
15 57 Mouse Degeneration, vacuolar, severe,
Storage Disease enzyme) glycogen in lysosomes of all organs:
regeneration
it’s the only lysosomal disase of the
glycogenoses

adjacent to the coagulating

gland: smaller papillary seminal vesicle: elongated fronds of
Seminal vesicle projections and forms a pale basophilic epithelium, and small
15 58 Rat Seminal vesicle: Adenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoma eosinophilic secretory amounts of eosinophilic secretory
substance compared to the product
seminal vesicle
15

Stomach, glandular: hyperplasia,

Gastric metaplasia, A mixture of parietal cell, chief
adenomatous, focally extensive
15 59 Mouse adenomatous cell, and mucous neck cell
with mild multifocal
hyperplasia hyperplasia
lymphoplasmacytic gastritis

Liver: Necrosis, random, multifocal Enterotropic strains only effect

Mouse hepatitis virus-
15 60 Mouse to coalescing with syncytia and enterocytes, Respiratory No INIB?
coronavirus
mild neutrophilic inflammation strains are polytropic (liver)

Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous,

16 61 Marsupial Mycobacterium avium and necrotizing, diffuse, severe
with cavitation and mineralization

Lung: Endothelial degeneration

and hypertrophy, diffuse with
Adenociral vasculitis
multifocal vasculitis, interstitial Epizootic Hemorrhagic
16 62 Cervid and pneumonia,
pneumonia, edema, and Disease
adenovirus
endothelial intranuclear inclusion
bodies
Liver: Hepatitis, granulomatous,
Histomonas meleagridis;
16 63 Avian necrotizing, multifocal with
Heterakis gallinarum
numerous protozoa

Cecum: Typhlitis,
lymphoplasmacytic, histiocytic, and
heterophilic, diffuse, with protozoa
Most canine tumors are
inactive, but active ones are
Maligngnat interstitial
Testis: Interstitial cell tumor, associated with perianal gland
16 64 Hedgehog cell tumor with omental
malignant hyperplasia, prostatic
metastasis
enlargement, tail-gland
hyperplasia
 Adipose tissue (omentum):
Interstitial cell tumor, malignant

Brain stem: Encephalitis,

subacute, multifocal, moderate Gram positive facultative
17 65 Equine Listeria monocytogenes
with microabscesses, hemorrhage, anaerobic bacillus
and mild meningitis

Pseudohyphae- chains of
yeast-like cells remaining
Urinary bladder: Cystitis, attached end to end with
ulcerative, pyogranulomatous, prominent constrictions. True
17 66 Feline Candida albicans diffuse, severe, with necrotizing, Hyphae are tubular and have
vasculitis, and many hyphae, parallel walls. Blastoconidia
pseudohyphae, and yeasts are thick-walled, spherical
structures which measure 8-12
um

Kidney: Nephritis, tubulo-

interstitial, pyogranulomatous,
multifocal, moderate, with
vasculitis, fibrin thrombi and few
yeasts

Liver: Hepatitis, random,

17 67 Porcine Salmonella cholerasuis necrotizing, acute, multifocal with
fibrin thrombi
Kidneys: Nephritis, interstitial, Pyrexia, dermatitis, and
Citrus pulp associated
17 68 Bovine granulomatous and eosinophilic, hemorrhage with similarities to
hypersensitivity
multifocal, moderate hairy vetch toxicity.
Possible causes- Citrinin
Heart: Myocarditis and epicarditis,
(mycotoxin), Mycotoxin T2,
granulomatous and eosinophilic,
ochratoxin A, di-ureido-
multifocal, moderate, with myofiber
isobutane (DUIB) (A feed
degeneration, necrosis, and loss,
additive), sweet vernal hay
and pericardial steatitis
containing dicoumarol
Spleen: Splenitis, nodular,
granulomatous, and eosinophilic
Liver: Hepatitis, portal and
periportal, lymphohistiocytic, and
eosinophilic, diffuse, moderate with
portal phlebitis, and mild biliary
hyperplasia
 arterioles and small arteries:
medial hypertrophy, loss of Pulmonary hypertesion can also result
internal elastic lamina, tunica from any abnormality that restricts
intima hyperplasia, lumen blood flow through the lungs. RVD
Lung: arteriopathy, plexiform,
occlusion, hyperplastic with RHF follows (cor pulmonale).
Plexiform (Hypertensive multifocal, moderate with diffuse,
18 69 Canine endothelium forms tufts of Hypoxia can cause pulmonary
arteriopathy), and PDA congestion, and multifocal alveolar
small glomerulus-like capillary hypertesion )high altitude disease)-
edema
channels that span the lumens Causes pulmonary arterioles to
of dialted arterioles resembling constrict--> hypoxia--> acidosis -->
a web (plexogenic), and vasoconstriction
fibrosis of alveolar interstitium

Spinal cord: Ventral gray horns:

Dyskeratosis, hoof and nail ddx: 6-amininicotinamide (6-AN) which
18 70 Porcine Selenium toxicity Neuronal necrosis, bilaterally
deformity produces nicotinamide
symmetrical
Lung: Pneumonia, broncho-
interstitial, necrotizing, acute,
late term abortions, neurologic
diffuse, severe, with syncytial cells,
18 71 Equine Equine Herpesvirus-1 disease, upper and lower
eosinophilic intranuclear
respiratory disease
inclusions, edema and
hemorrhage and fibrin

degeneration and necrosis of germ

Theophylline- related to cells, multinucleated spermatids, and
Testis: degeneration and necrosis,
caffeine and theobromine- spermatocytes, and hemorrhage,
germ cells, with numerous
18 72 Rat Theophylline toxicity relaxes smooth muscle of interstitial edema. Myocardial
multinucleate spermatic giant cells,
pulmnary vasculature, cardiac degeneration and necrosis, premature
and multifocal spermatoceles
stimulant and diuretic. involution of thymus, right atrial
cardiomyopathy

Lung: Pneumonia, granulomatous

Idiopathic
and eosinophilic, peribronchiolar
19 73 Rat granulomatous cause unknown
and perivascular, multifocal,
pneumonia
moderate, and perivascular edema

Welsh Corgi/ X-linked SCID= IL-2

Thymus and lymph node:
SCID, lymphoid receptor deficiency; Normal B cells nd
19 74 Canine hypoplasia, lymphoid, diffuse, with DNA Protein Kinase deficiency
hypoplasia IgM; T cells reduced, and IgG and IgA
extramedullary hematopoiesis
are reduced or absent

Liver: Hyperplasia, biliary and oval

cell, portal and periportal with Ferrochelatase is the last Protoporphyria- in cattle do not
Ferrochelatase
lymphocytic and neutrophilic portal enzyme in the heme devbelop hepatic disease/
deficiency,
19 75 Mouse and periportal hepatitis, individual biosynthesis pathway Photosensitivity is observed/ and
erythropoietic
hepatocyte necrosis, and (catalyzes insertion of Ferrous unlike porphyria in cattle, no
protoporphyria
intracellular brownn globular iron into protoporphyrin) discoloration of teeth is seen
anisotropic pigment
 Cyclosporin toxicity, Looks similar to mammary
Mammary gland: Hyperplasia, cyclosporine has negative effect on
19 76 Rabbit mammary gland fibroepithelial hyperplasia
ductal and stromal, diffuse progesterone levels
hyperplasia (progesterone related) in cats-

Bone: Necrosis, coagulative,

Osteomyelitis, physitis,
focally extensive with chronic Salmonella dublin, or
20 77 Bovine and infarction,
suppurative osteomyelitis, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Salmonella
physitis, and fibrosis

Cartilage-capped, partially do not occur on bones of

ossified protuberances or intramembranous origin; cells arise
20 78 Feline Osteochondromatosis Scapula: Osteochondromatosis
exostoses, that are form periosteal mesenchymal cells in
multicentric. lesions of intramembranous bone

Human giant cell reparative

granulomas represent reactive
non-neoplastic lesions thought
fibroma with osteoclast- Bone: Fibroma with numerous to occur as the result of
20 79 Avian
like giant cells osteoclast-like giant cells intraosseous or subperiosteal
hemorrhage/ but does not
extend through the cortex of
the affected bone

Cervical vertebral fascia:

Cervical tumoral Granulomas, calcareous
20 80 Canine calcinosis (Calcinosis (calcinosis circumscripta), with
circumscripta) fibrosis and chondro-osseous
metaplasia

Chronic toxicity- rough

Kidney: necrosis and regeneration, haircoat, malodorous diarrhe,
Acute Molybdenum
21 81 Bovine tubular, diffuse with granular and anemia, steriltiy, enlargement
toxicity
hyalin casts of long bone epiphyses,
fractures, aspermatogenesis

Kidney: Interstitial nephritis,

lymphoplasmacytic
Liver: necrosis, disseminated
Liver: Cholangiohepatitis,
neutrophilic, diffuse
Phalaris and Trachyanra are
known to induce intense Other lipofuscin diseases include
Phalaris toxicity, Brain stem, neurons: Brown
21 82 Ovine lipofuscin in neurons of the Gomen disease in horses, and
neuronal lipofuscinosis granular pigmentation, perinulcear
thalamus, spinal cord, and inherited ceroid-lipofuscinosis.
peripheral ganglia.
Sheep copper accumulation-
Liver: Necrosis, centrilobular to
copper and pyrrolizidine excessive copper intake, low
submassive with hemorrhage and Kidneys had hemoglobin
21 83 Ovine alkaloid toxic molybdenum levels, presence of
intrahistiocytic light green/brown casts.
hepatopathy pyrrolizidine alkaoids predisposes to
pigment/ megalocytoss
outbreaks
 Liver: biliary hyperplasia and
bridging portal fibrosis

Microcystins are inhibitors of protein

phosphatases-->
hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal
Liver: Necrosis, massive, with gross lesions include icterus,
proteins, rearrangement of
21 84 Bovine Microcystis aeruginosa hepatocellular dissociation and fatty liver (acute) or cirrhotic
intermediate filaments and
hemorrhage (chronic), photosensitization
microtubules, disorganization of the
cytoskeleton and dissociation. Also
necrosis of endothelial cells

Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
SIV, Cytomegalovirus, necrotizing and suppurative, acute,
22 85 Primate Bordetella bronchiseptica
Bordetella focally extensive, severe with
pleuritis, hemorrhage, and bacilli

Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,

subacute, focally extensive,
moderate with multinucleate giant SIV and Cytomegalovirus
cells, and few eosinophilic and
basophilic intranuclear inclusions

Small Intestine: Enteritis,

Proliferative proliferative, subacute, diffuse,
enteropathy, Lawsonia severe, with mild, submucosal
22 86 equine
like bacteria edema, and multifocal villar fusion,
(intracellularis) crypt herniation, and crypt
abscesses

Spinal cord: demyelination,

Canine Distemper virus
multifocal, severe, and moderate
(Morbillivirus),
22 87 Feline non-suppurative meningomyelitis,
demyelinating
and few glial eosinophilic
encephalitis
intranuclear inclusions

Kidney: Nephritis, tubulo- Rare argyrophilic spirochetal

Leptospira interrogans, interstitial, neutrophilis, and bacteria were identified within
22 88 Bovine
renal and hepatic lmyphoplasmacytic, multifocal, with hepatic sinusoids and renal
erythrophagocytosis tubules

Liver: Hepatitis, portal,

lymphoplasmacytic, diffuse with
multifocal centrilobular
hepatocellular degeneration and
necrosis and erythrophagocytosis

Heart, epicardium: Granuloma,

23 89 Primate Coccidioides immitis with mature and immature fungal
spherules
 Heart: Fibrosis, interstitial,
common findings in aged
multifocal with multifocal myofiber
macaques and incidental
atrophy and karyomegaly

Lymph node: Granuloma, caseo-

23 90 Cervid Mycobacterium bovis
calcareous

Hepatitis and hepatic ddx: Mycobacterium avium, E Diagnosis: Acid Fast, Grams, Warthis
Liver: Granulomas, heterophilic
23 91 Avian amyloidosis, presumed coli, Salmonella, Starry all negative'/ Cultures grew
with amyloidosis
Campylobacter coli Campylobacter campylobacter coli

20-40 mm long; Platymyarian,

fibrous and adipose tissue, meromyarian, lateral chords,
periureteral: Eosinophilic pseudocoelom, large intestine
23 92 Porcine Stephanurus dentatus granulomas, with globule with multinucleated cells and
leukocytes, and adult nematodes, thick eosinophilic microvillar
and aggs border, thinwalled morulated
eggs

Nasal chonchae: Rhinitis, Aerobic, non-sporeforming, resp=glanders/ Skin = farcy/ spreads

Burkholderia mallei
24 93 Equine necrotizing, suppurative, diffuse gram -negative bacillus. along lymphatics, pyogranulomatous
(Glanders)
with thrombi and vasculitis Obligate parasite infalmmation

Lung: Pneumonia, broncho-

interstitial, necrotizing, with type II
Peste des Peitis pneumocyte hyperplasia, syncytial
24 94 Caprine similar to rinderpest in cattle
ruminants (Morbillivirus) cells, eosinophilic intranuclear
inclusions and intracytoplasmic
inclusions

Haired skin: Dermatitis,

proliferative and necrotizing,
diffuse, with neutrophilic,
Poxvirus dermatitis
histiocytic, and fibrinous
24 95 feline (cowpox-like
panniculitis, necrotizing vasculitis,
orthopoxvirus)
and intracytoplasmic epithelial
fibroblastic and histiocytic
inclusions

Small intestine and colon:

Enterocolitis, subacute, diffuse, In some sections there is
Sheep Associated MCF, severe, with follicular lymphoid necrotizing vasculitis affecting
24 96 Cervid
OvHV-2 depletion, transmural edema, crypt medium-sized arterioles in the
abscesses and crypt necrosis, submucosa and serosa.
loss, regeneration

Copper as cofactors:
Neuronal necrosis with axonal
Copper deficiency, Cerebrum: Neuronal necrosis, superoxide dismutase,
25 97 Ovine degeneration and secondary
cerebral edema form cortical, acute, diffuse, with edema cytochrome oxidase, lysyl
demyelination
oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase
 Neurologic disease: Swayback
cerebrum, vessels: Necrosis and (congenital), Enzootic ataxia England- Cerebral edema,
mineralization, multifocal (delayed onset), cerebral autofluorescence, herniation
edema
High cellularity, necrosis, high mitotic
Oligodendroglioma, Cerebrum: Oligodendroglioma,
25 98 Canine Syn--, NFP --, GFAP --, rate, proliferation of glomeruloid
anaplastic anaplastic
vessels
Focal symmetrical Epsilon protoxin--> activated
Cerebellum, peduncles: Necrosis,
encephalomalacia by proteases --> increased
25 99 Ovine hemorrhage, and edema,
(clostridium perfringens vascular permeability, and
bilaterally symmetrical, extensive
type D tissue necrosis
Hereditary Spinal cord: Poliomyelomalacia,
Canine australian
25 100 polioencephalomyelopat bilaterally symmetrical with sparing cause unknown
cattle dog
hy of motor neurons
Squamous cell
carcinoma, and Haired skin: Squamous cell
26 101 Rat
fibrosarcoma collision carcinoma, and fibrosarcoma
tumor

Coiled and fragmented hair

shafts in hair follicles, follicles Hair shaft disorders: Menkes kinky
are thickened, misshapen, and hair syndrome, inherited copper
Follicular dystrophy,
26 102 Cervid Haired skin: Follicular dystrophy S shaphed shafts conforming deficieen, trichothiodystrophy (sulfur
toothpaste hair disease
to deformed follicles. Scattered deficiency), amino acid deficiencies
lymphoplasmacytic (trichorrhexis invaginata)
inflammation

Haired skin: dermatitis, interface,

chronic active and eosinophilic,
focally extensive, moderate,
interface dermatitis, apoptotic
transepidermal apoptotic
26 103 Canine Erythema multiforme keratinocytes at all levels of
keratinocytes, lympocytic
the epidermis, hyperkeratosis,
satellitosis, orthokeratotic
hyperkeratosis, and epidermal
hyperplasia

Haired skin: Hyperplasia, inherited keratin accumulation

infundibular and epidermal, diffuse, --> fish-like scales/
Type 2 Harlequin
26 104 Mouse moderate, with compact abnormalities in keratinocyte
ichthyosis
orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and adhesion in the stratum
acanthosis corneum

Inhibits protein RNA

Liver: Vacuolar degeneration,
synthesis--> necrosis and fatty
necrosis and loss, centrilobular,
change, lipid peroxidation.
27 105 guinea Pig Aflatoxin B1 Mycotoxin diffuse, with hemorrhage, biliary
Epoxide form causes
hyperplasia, and intravascular
mutagenic and carcinogenic
hematopoietic cells
and DNA binding properties

Periportal: turkeys, ducklings,

chickens, adult rats, and cats;
Midzonal: Rabbit; Centrilobular:
swine, cattle, dogs, guinea pigs
 Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,
chronic, diffuse, mild, with
27 106 Canine Pneumocystis carinii
abundant alveolar and intra-airway
eosinophilic flocculent material

Yersinia Lung: Pneumonia, embolic,

27 107 Antelope pseudotuberculosis necrotizing, acute with hemorrhage
septicemia and large bacterial colonies

Liver and kindey: Embolic

necrotizing inflammation with
coccobacilli

Cerebrum: Meningoencephalitis,
lymphoplasmacytic and
Eastern Equine
neutrophilic, diffuse, mild to
27 108 Equine Encephalomyelitis, neutrophils and vasculitis
moderate with multifocal vasculitis,
alphavirus (flaviviridae)
and rare neuronal degeneration
and necrosis

Cerebrum: Meningoencephalitis,
achlorophyllic algae; ddx
28 109 Hamster Prototheca zopfii necrotizing, pyogranulomatous,
chlorella
multifocal, moderate

Kidney: Tubular ectasia and

tubular epithelial hyperplasia,
Multicellular spheroid Myxosporean infections- Whirling dz
multifocal, moderate, with
structures, 10 um in diameter, (myxobolus cerebralis), renal and
Myxosporea (Myxozoa), numerous intracellular and
28 110 Turtle spores have one binucleate or blood sphaerosporosis in cyprinids
renal myxosporosis extracellular myxosporidia with
2 uninucleate sporoplasms, 1- (Sphaerospora renicola); Proliferative
interstitial nephritis,
6 polar capsules, and a shell kidney disease (Myxidium lieberkuhni)
lmyphoplasmacytic and
heterophilic

Liver: Hepatitis, granulomatous, Dimorphic fungus: ddx:

Mucor amphiborum,
28 111 frog necrotizing, diffuse, severe with Prototheca, coccidioides
zygomycosis
fungal spherules immitis
Pancreas: Pancreatitis,
spirorchis sp, Separate sexes, non-
28 112 Turtle granulomatous, with abundant
Schistosomiasis operculated eggs
necrotic debris
Small intestine and pancreas:
Granulomas, multiple with
trmatode eggs
Megaloschizonts: 100-200um
Heart: Myocarditis, granulomatous,
multiloculated and contain 1
29 113 Avian Leukocytozoon caulleryi multifocal with protozoal
um circular basophilic
megaloschizonts
merozoites
 Liposarcoma with Fibrovascular tissue: Liposarcoma
29 114 Feline
pulmonary metastasis with metastasis to lung

Thymus: Thymitis, granulomatous,

Epizootic bovine Lymphadenitis,
diffuse, moderate, with lymphoid Spleen: Necrosis, multifocal to
29 115 Bovine abortion- granulomatous, multifocal
hypocellularity, and multifocal coalescing, with fibrin
deltaproteobacter necrosis
necrosis, edema and hemorrhage

Allantochorian (Cotyledon):
Placentitis, necro-suppurative,
29 116 Bovine Bacillus licheniformis acute, diffuse, moderate with
necrotizing vasculitis, fibrin thrombi
and numerous extracellular bacilli

Lung: Bronchitis, and bronchiolitis,

Extrinsic allergic lymphoplasmacytic and
alveolitis, eosinophilic with lymphoid follicles,
30 117 Bovine
hypersensitivity chronic interstitial pneumonia, and
pneumonitis interstitial fibrosis, and bronchiolitis
obliterans

Atypical plasma cell

Haired skin: Atypical plasma cell
infiltrate, favor
30 118 canine infiltrate (plasma cells tumor with
plasmacytoma with
amyloid)
amyloid

Lymph node:
typical in nasal cavity with
conidiobolus sp Pyogranulomatous,eosinophilic,
30 119 Canine occasional extension into
zygomycosis necrotizing, with splendore-hoeppli
cerebrum
material mycotic lymphadenitis

Footpadm abd adjacent haired

Superficial necrolytic skin: Parakeratosis, diffuse, severe
Chronic hepatic disease,
dermatitis, with moderate epidermal
30 120 Canine Diabetes mellitus, glucogon
hepatocutaneous hyperplasia, multifocal superficial
secreting tumors
syndrome dermatitis, dermal edema, and
intracorneal bacterial colonies

[
Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx notes notes/DDX
1996-1997

Acute poisoning- periacinar necrosis

Liver: Fibrosis, portal and bridging, Nuclear and cytoplasmic
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid and endothelial damage/ Chronic
diffuse, severe, with diffuse, gigantism (megalocytosis)-
Toxicity- Senceio, toxicity- bridging portal fibrosis/ and in
1 1 Bovine perivenous fibrosis, and Antimitotic effect (similar to
Crotalaria, Heliotropium, sheep leads to elevated copper levels/
obliteration, biliary hyperplasia, Aflatoxin and nitrosamines-
Amsinckia In pigs causes pulmonary
and mild megalocytosis other alkalating agents)
emphysema- interstitial damage

Cryptosporidium attaches to
Bursa of Fabricius: Bursitis, acute,
Cryptosporidium baileyi the glycocalyx of the epithelial
1 2 Chickens diffuse, mild, with surface- Respiratory vs intestinal form
or meleagridis cell, and surrounded by a
associated protozoa
membrane of host origin

Mesentery: Mesenteritis,
Mycobacterium avium- granulomatous, and necrotizing,
1 3 Feline
intracellulare chronic, focally extensive, severe,
with intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacilli

Fusobacterium is normal
inhabitant o fthe anaerobic
Liver: Necrosis, coagulative,
ruminal environment. It is a
multifocal and focally extensive, Other diseases caused by
secondary invader requiring
Fusobacterium perivascular and random with fusobacterium= necrotic stomatitis,
1 4 Lamb mucosal damage for
necrophorum necrotizing vasculitis and naval ill, pneumonia in calves, and foot
colonization. Ruminal acidosis
numerous extracellular filamentous rot in ungulates
is common predispoing factor
bacteria
to invasion and spread to the
liver.

Zinc-ingestion syndrome:
Hemolyitc anemia, pancreatic
Pancreas: Exocrine parenchymal
ductular necrosis, interlobular
loss, diffuse, moderate with
2 5 Eider Duck Zinc toxicity fat necrosis, atrophy, fibrosis,
regeneration, fibrosis, and ductular
ductular hyperplasia,
hyperplasia
necrotizing enteritis, and renal
tubular necrosis

Serosa: Serositis,
fibrinosuppurative, subacute,
moderate, to severe with gram
negative bacilli

Intestine: Enteritis, ulcerative, Broad, thin walled, infrequently

Boid inclusion body necrotizing, granulomatous, septate, pleomorphic hypahe
2 6 Boa constrictor
disease; Zygomycetes multifocal, severe, with fungal from 5-20 um wide, and
hyphae irregular right angle branching

Major histologic lesions: Non-

Intestinal epithelium, Lymphocytes,
suppurative
intestinal ganglion cells of
meningoencephalitis with
myenteric plexi: Eosinophilic
neuronal degeneration, gliosis,
intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
and demyelination
 Subcutaneous tissue, neck:
xanthoma or injection
2 7 Emu Granulomas, multifocal, with
site panniculitis
intrahistiocytic lipid
2
Sulfatides: Prevents fusion of
phagosome with lysosome/ LAM-
Virulence factors: Cord factor
Lung: Bronchopneumonia, heteropolysaccharide inhibits
(trehalose dimycolate)- surface
Cynomolgus Mycobacterium granulomatous, multifocal, macrophage activation by IFN-gamma
2 8 glycolipid responsible for
monkey tuberculosis (TB) moderate, with caseous necrosis and induces macrophages to secrete
serpentine growth pattern in
and mineralization TNF-alpha which induces fever and IL-
vitro
10 which suppresses T cell
proliferation

Acute severe disease sometimes from

Leptospires penetrate exposed
the bacteremic phase (young animals)
mucous memranes or water
--> Hemolysis, hemoglobinuria,
softened skin, and invade
Kidney: Nephritis, tubulointerstitial, icterus, pulmonary congestion,
3 9 Pig Leptospirosis blood- Leptospires cleared
chronic-active, diffuse, moderate meningitis, acute tubular necrosis//
from blood but not proximal
Chronic disease- abortion, infertility,
convoluted tubules, vitreoius,
interstitial nephritis, recurrent uveitis,
CSF, and genital tract
recurrent tubular necrosis

Kidney: Necrosis, tubular, acute, Hemolytic syndrome-

multifocal, moderate with granular, methemoglobinemia and Heinz
3 10 Quarter horse Red Maple Toxicosis
intratubular, brightly eosinophilic body formation/ only dried
material and hemoglobin crystals leaves are toxic

3
Liver: Hepatitis, portal and
bridging, chronic, multifocal,
3 11 Webster Mouse Schistosoma mansoni moderate, with granulomas,
trematode eggs, intravascular
trematodes

Ingestion or percutaneous
Rumen: rumenitis, necrotizing, absorption (insecticides,
acute, diffuse, severe, with herbicides, wood Topical toxicosis: dermatitis, necrosis
3 12 Bovine Arsenic Toxicosis
hemorrhage, edema, and focal preservatives)--> vascular and sloughing
arteritis injury, congestion,
hemorrhage, edema, petechia
seizures. Later, paresthesia may develop, manifested as agitated
Brain stem: Neuronal vacuolation, rubbing against posts and trees and nibbling at feet and legs. There is
4 13 Sheep Scrapie  multifocal, with mild astrocytosis, progressive dysmetria, emaciation, and finally paralysis and death.
and multifocal axonal degeneration Apart from self-trauma, there are no gross lesions, and no
inflammatory changes. Histologically, the most characteristic finding is
 neoplasms arising from
remnants of the notochord and
nfiltrative, multilobulated masses with
have been reported in the
each lobule composed of three
mink, ferret, rat, cat, dog, and
components: closely packed
human.
vacuolated (physaliferous) cells,
Immunohistochemically,
4 14 Ferret Chordoma Haired skin, subcutis: Chordoma cartilage, and bone. The three
physaliferous cells stain
components are often arranged
strongly positive for both
concentrically, with physaliferous cells
vimentin and keratin, and
surrounding cartilage with a central
weakly positive for S-100
core of bone.
protein and neuron specific
enolase

There is often bronchiolar smooth

muscle hyperplasia, catarrhal and
Lung: Pneumonitis, subacute to
eosinophilic bronchiolitis, hyperplasia
chronic, multifocal, minimal, with
of submucosal glands and smooth
numerous metastrongylid
genus is ovo-viviparous; 1-10 muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia
nematode eggs and larvae,
Aelurostongylus mm diameter nodules, which within pulmonary arterial walls. The
4 15 Cat bronchiolar smooth muscle
abstrusus represents nests of eggs and granulomatous alveolitis and catarrhal
hyperplasia, submucosal gland
larvae bronchiolitis gradually regresses.
hyperplasia, and marked arterial
However, the hypertrophy and
medial hypertrophy and
hyperplasia of the smooth muscle in
hyperplasia
arteries, bronchioles and alveolar
ducts persists.

thin-walled, slightly basophilic

and spherical, with single
Nasal conchae: Rhinitis, narrow-based buds. The
granulomatous, multifocal, severe, fungus is surrounded by a
Cryptococcus
4 16 Dog with numerous yeast, etiology wide clear zone; the shrunken
neoformans
consistent with Cryptococcus capsular material stains
neoformans positively with mucicarmine
and the fungal wall stains with
PAS

Spleen: Splenitis, granulomatous,

multifocal, mild, with numerous
yeast
 high cellularity, pleomorphism,
necrosis, subpial spread,
cortical infiltration, necrosis
surrounded by
"pseudopalisades" and areas
Astrocytoma Cerebrum: Astrocytoma, high of glomerulus-like endothelial
5 17 Macaque
(Glioblastoma) grade (glioblastoma multiforme) proliferation. Recent evidence
suggests that vascular
endothelial cell growth factor
(VEGF) is secreted by
malignant astrocytes perhaps
in response to hypoxia.

Colon: Colitis, necrotizing,

subacute, diffuse, moderate, with
crypt herniation, lymphoid Measles virus is a morbillivirus epithelial necrosis, epithelial syncytial
5 18 Tamarin Measles (Morbillivirus)
depletion, syncytial cells, and of the paramyxovirus family cells and intranuclear inclusion bodies
intranuclear and intracytoplasmic
inclusion bodies,
These animals become infected when they ingest an arthropod
1. Pancreas: Pancreatitis, chronic-
intermediate host (most likely cockroaches) containing the encysted
Trichospirura active, multifocal, moderate, with
5 19 Marmoset infective larval stage (L3). The L3 migrate to the pancreatic ducts
leptostoma- nematode intraductal adult and larval spirurid
where they mature into adults. Embryonated eggs travel down the
nematodes
pancreatic duct into the intestine and are passed in the feces.
Urinary bladder: Cystitis,
transmural, acute, multifocal,
moderate

The histopathologic features are those of a neuroepithelial neoplasm

with glial processes forming neuropil-prominent perivascular
pseudorosettes. The differential diagnosis based on the H&E sections
5 20 Wistar Rat Ependymoma Spinal cord: Ependymoma
was ependymoma versus paraganglioma. The absence of
immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin supports
ependymoma

Cerebellum: Encephalitis, nonsuppurative

nonsuppurative, minimal, with encephalomyelitis, ganglionitis,
6 21 Foal- Horse Rabies- Rhabdovirus
neuronal eosinophilic and parotid adenitis in warm-
intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies blooded vertebrates

Haired skin, pinna: Dermatitis,
periadnexal, necrotizing, subacute,
Capripox virus, Lumpy multifocal, moderate, with
6 22 Cow
skin Disease necrotizing vasculitis and
intrahistiocytic eosinophilic
cytoplasmic inclusions
Placenta: Placentitis, necrotizing,
acute, multifocal, moderate, with
6 23 Gazelle Coxiella burnetti
focal vasculitis and intracellular
organisms
Kidney: Nephritis, granulomatous,
focally extensive, severe, with
numerous adult and larval
6 24 Horse Halicephalobus deletrix rhabditid nematodes, breed not
specified, equine, etiology
consistent with Halicephalobus
deletrix
Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial,
chronic, multifocal, mild to
moderate, with interstitial fibrosis
and tubular dilatation.
Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,
peracute to acute, diffuse,
Anthrax (Bacillus
7 25 Sheep moderate, with multifocal
anthracis)
hemorrhage, fibrin, and myriad
bacilli,
Nodules within the skin and subcutis
are the most characteristic finding;
however, most affected animals have
Vasculitis can result from viral
multifocal, roughly circular, necrotic
infection of endothelium,
areas on the muzzle and in the
pericytes and probably other
respiratory tract, buccal mucosa,
cells in blood and lymph
forestomachs, abomasum, uterus,
vessels. Infarction may occur
vagina, teats, udder, and testes.
in severe infections. LSD virus
Generalized lymphadenopathy is also
is present in skin nodules,
a common finding. Skin lesions must
normal appearing skin, lymph
be differentiated from lesions caused
nodes, liver, kidneys, skeletal
by pseudo-lumpy skin disease, insect
muscle, saliva, and semen of
bites, ringworm, actinomycosis,
infected animals.
nocardiosis, streptomycosis,
dermatophilosis, demodicosis,
onchocerciasis, and besnoitiosis.
Microscopically, placental trophoblasts lining the cotyledonary villi are
distended by small, approximately 1æm diameter, basophilic,
intracytoplasmic organisms. The differential diagnosis for
intratrophoblastic organisms in cases of placentitis includes Coxiella,
Brucella, Campylobacter, and Chlamydia. Of these, only Coxiella
burnetii and Chlamydia stain positively with Gimenez or modified acid-
fast stains. The morphology of the intracytoplasmic organisms on
Gimenez-stained sections should differentiate C. burnetii from
Chlamydia since C. burnetii appear as pleomorphic, or thin, rod-
shaped structures, while chlamydial elementary bodies are uniformly
small and round.
The differential diagnosis
includes Halicephalobus,
Strongyloides and
Cephalobus. All three have a
rhabditiform esophagus;
however, only Halicephalobus
has a reflexed ovary and a
pointed tail.
Lethal toxin is composed of two proteins, lethal factor (LF) and
protective antigen (PA). Edema toxin is composed of an edema factor
(EF), a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase, and PA. Edema
toxin is presumed to be responsible for the edema seen around
cutaneous lesions and other sites of infection
 Ruminants are most susceptible to the disease which is a brief
Spleen: Splenitis, peracute to septicemic form. Humans are intermediate, and horses, pigs, dogs
acute, diffuse, moderate, with and cats are less susceptible with frequent localized infections
lymphocytolysis, fibrin, and myriad (pharynx, skin, intestine, lungs). Sources of infection other than soil
bacilli include contaminated animal products (bone meal, wool, hair, hides,
and vegetable (peanut) proteins)

Megakaryocytes characteristically stain with PAS and alpha-naphthyl

Leukemia, Lymph node, prescapular: acetate esterase. They will also be negative for Sudan-black and
7 26 Dog
Megakaryoblastic Megakaryoblastic leukemia myeloperoxidase. Using immunohistochemistry these cells stain with
platelet-specific antibodies to GPIIb/IIIa and vWF.

granulomatous he perivascular cuffs are composed of histiocytes and varying

Brain: Meningoencephalitis,
7 27 Dog meningoencephalitis numbers of lymphocytes, and plasma cells in a network of reticulin
histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic
(GME) fibers (demonstrated with a reticulin stain)

Skeletal muscle with serosal

surface: Serositis,
7 28 Cat FIP virus coronavirus
pyogranulomatous and fibrinous,
diffuse, moderate, with vasculitis
Liver: Peritonitis,
pyogranulomatous and fibrinous,
diffuse, moderate, with
subcapsular and portal hepatitis
and vasculitis.
Kidney: No significant lesions.
Non-effusive FIP is thought to occur in cats that develop humoral
immunity, and partial cellular immunity; partial cellular immunity limits
the level of virus replication and dissemination. The granulomatous
lesions of non-effusive FIP occur around small foci of virus-laden
macrophages. Non-effusive FIP occurs with 1/4 the frequency of the
effusive form. A recent article describes an uncommon intestinal form
of non-effusive FIP that grossly resembled a neoplasm and occurred
within the colon or at the ceco-colic junction.

chizonts have been reported in many

keletal muscle: Degeneration and
atrophy, diffuse, moderate, with
8 29 Dog Hepatozoon canis multifocal chronic-active myositis,
vascular proliferation, and multiple
protozoan cysts,
tissues but are most common in the
lung, myocardium, skeletal and
vector, Rhipicephalus
smooth muscle; less frequent sites
sanguineous, the brown dog
include liver, spleen, and lymph
tick
nodes. Mature schizonts produce
merozoites which invade neutrophils
and monocytes and form gametocytes

Chorioallantois: Placentitis,
The capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans is composed of
histiocytic, diffuse, mild, with
Cryptococcus mucopolysaccharides which are thought to inhibit macrophage
8 30 Horse numerous yeasts, Thoroughbred,
neoformans phagocytosis and antigen-antibody interactions, providing an
equine, etiology consistent with
explanation for the lack of inflammation.
Cryptococcus neoformans.

macrophages with abundant foamy cytoplasm contain schizonts of

Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial, Cytauxzoon felis. These intracellular schizonts are filled with
subacute, diffuse, moderate, with numerous 1-5 m basophilic merozoites. Some pulmonary venules are
intramonocytic, intravascular characterized by fibrinoid necrosis with degenerate leukocytes within
8 31 Cat Cytauxzoon felis
schizonts, Domestic Shorthair, the walls//The schizonts of Cytauxzoon develop within macrophages
feline, etiology consistent with while Theileria and Gonderia have their leukocytic stage in
Cytauxzoon felis. lymphocytes. The bobcat is thought to be a reservoir host for
Cytauxzoon felis and the brown dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) is
 C. difficile is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus that produces two
protein exotoxins: toxin A (Tx-A) and toxin B, which have different
physicochemical and biological properties. Both are lethal toxins when
administered parentally to experimental animals, and the minimum
lethal dose is about the same for each (~100 fold less than that for C.
Colon: Colitis, acute, diffuse,
botulinum toxin). The role of toxin A and toxin B as lethal toxins
moderate, with erosions, vasculitis,
remain unclear, but what is known is that toxin A is responsible for
8 32 Landrace Pig Clostridium difficile marked transmural edema, and
nearly all changes within the gastrointestinal tract. Toxin B is known to
marked venular neutrophilic
be cytopathic in tissue culture.
margination and emigration
Toxin A causes a marked increase in leukocyte adherence and
emigration accompanied by albumen leakage, mast cell
degranulation, release of prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and
platelet activating factor (PAF).

The hepatic necrosis

1. Liver: Necrosis, multifocal to
associated with syncytia and
coalescing, random, with
9 33 Hedgehog Herpesvirus eosinophilic intranuclear
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion
inclusion bodies is typical of
bodies and syncytia. 
herpesvirus infections
2. Liver: Vacuolar change (lipid
type), diffuse, moderate.
3. Liver: Hepatitis, portal, subacute
and eosinophilic, mild.
4. Liver, sinusoids: Extramedullary
hematopoiesis, multifocal, small
amount.

Angiotropic large-cell lymphoma has been reported in humans and

dogs and is a rare, generally fatal disease characterized by massive
proliferation of neoplastic lymphocytes within blood vessels, often in a
Brain: Ectasia, vascular, multifocal,
subendothelial location. Although scattered extravascular nodules of
9 34 Dog Angiotropic lymphoma with thrombosis and atypical
neoplastic cells can be seen, this is a predominantly intravascular
intravascular mononuclear cells
neoplasm. The neoplasm has a predilection for vessels of the skin
and central nervous system, but any organ can be involved.
Characteristic pathologic features are thrombosis and infarction.

with cell surfaces, basement membranes, and pericellular matrices. It

Kidney, glomeruli: Eosinophilic is produced by fibroblasts, monocytes, endothelial cells, and other
9 35 Mouse Glomerulonephritis mesangial deposits and cells. Fibronectin binds extracellular matrix components (collagen,
hyalinization, segmental, multifocal fibrin, heparin, and proteoglycan) via a specific tripeptide (arginine-
glycine-aspartic acid) domain and to cells via integrin receptors to
signal cell attachment, locomotion, and differentiation. The binding of
 signal cell attachment, locomotion, and differentiation. The binding of
Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial,
lymphoplasmacytic, multifocal, fibronectin is also thought to sensitize cells to growth factors. In a
mild. recent article, fibronectin-derived peptides were suggested to be the
Helicobacter
major fibroblasthepaticus is a
chemoattractant produced by the renal cortex in anti-
recently identified bacterium
that has been associated with
Colon: Colitis, proliferative, a chronic-active hepatitis in
erosive, chronic-active, diffuse, certain strains of inbred mice
9 36 Mouse Helicobacter hepaticus
moderate, with crypt dilatation and and has been linked to the
abscesses development of hepatic
adenomas and
adenocarcinomas in A/JCr
mice.

10 37 Mouse Granulosa cell tumor Ovary: Granulosa cell tumor

Lesions in epizootic rat infections develop from pulmonary embolism,

whereas mouse infections more typically result in septic embolization
of the joints, liver, and kidney. Although C. kutscheri can be
Lung: Pneumonia,
encountered as a primary pathogen, the most common scenario is
Corynebacterium necrosuppurative, multifocal,
10 38 SD RAT unmasking of a latent infection by experimental modulations that lower
kutscheri moderate, with gram-positive
host resistance or impair immunocompetence. In addition to those
bacilli,
listed by the contributor, ectromelia and salmonellosis, and
deficiencies of vitamin B complex (particularly biotin and pantothenic
acid) have been incriminated as predisposing factors.

Macroscopically, the growth

Liver: Hydatid cyst, multiloculated,
with hepatocellular loss, fibrosis,
Echinococcus and mild granulomatous hepatitis,
10 39 Ape
multilocularis Barbary ape (Macaca sylvana),
primate. - etiology consistent with
Echinococcus multilocularis.
pattern of E. multilocularis in
primates simulates that of a
malignant neoplasia. In the
center regressive changes
occur, but peripheral
proliferation continues
indefinitely. Thus, a
progressively enlarging mass
of mainly necrotic tissue with a
relatively thin zone of viable
proliferating parasite is
produced. In the natural
intermediate host, proliferation
of the vesicles is curtailed with
little further increase in size.
Histologically, numerous irregular
small vesicles are found embedded in
a dense stroma of connective tissue
with focal mineralization. They are
lined with a barely discernable inner
germinal epithelium and prominent
outer PAS-positive membrane, both of
which are of parasitic origin.
Intraluminal scoleces with golden-
brown hooklets bud off.

Endometrial venous Uterus, endometrium: Aneurysms,

10 40 Chinchilla
aneurysm venous, multiple, with thrombosis

Uterus: Hyperplasia, endometrial,

multifocal, mild.
 inhibitor of lysosomal a-mannosidase,
swainsonine induces a form of a-
Swainsononine, Indolizidine
mannosidosis which is microscopically
alkaloid- Astragalus,
and ultrastructurally identical to
Oxytropids, Swainsonia--
genetic a-mannosidosis of man, cattle
Locoweed poisoning is
(Angus, Murray Grey, Tasmanian
biochemically distinct from the
Grey, and Galloway), and cats
genetic disease because
(Persian). As a consequence of a-
swainsonine also inhibits Golgi
mannosidase inhibition, there is
Brain: Vacuolation, neuronal, mannosidase 2, an enzyme
Neuraxonal dystrophy, storage of water-soluble
diffuse, moderate, with minimal involved in the
11 41 Quarterhorse Locoism, Locoweed, oligosaccharides that contain
multifocal axonal sheath swelling posttranslational trimming
Alpha Mannosidosis mannose and N-acetyl-glucosamine
and scattered spheroids modifications of the glycan
within the vesicles of a variety of cells,
moiety of glycoproteins. As a
particularly neurons, macrophages,
result, abnormal proportions of
and pancreatic exocrine cells. In the
different types of glycoproteins
later stages of the disease, axonal
are produced, and stored
degeneration is evident, particularly in
oligosaccharides are larger
the cerebellar roof nuclei and posterior
than those in the genetic
brain stem.
disease.

The lesions of papillomatous digital dermatitis are differentiated from

Skin, interdigital: Dermatitis,
those of interdigital Fusobacterium necrophorum infection ("foot rot")
chronic-active and eosinophilic,
in that they are confined to the dermis and do not produce the deep
Bovine papillomatous diffuse, moderate, with marked
11 42 Cow necrosis associated with "foot rot". BPDD occurs as solitary,
digital dermatitis (BPDD) pseudoepitheliomatous
circumscribed, red, exudative, painful, 2 cm to 4 cm diameter lesions
hyperplasia and myriad
on the heel bulb. Chronic lesions may take on a verrucose or hairy
argyrophilic spirochetes
appearance simulating a fibropapilloma.

Choroid gland (rete):
Emphysematous change, diffuse,
severe, with retinal detachment
Gas embolism of the
and degeneration, and multifocal
11 43 Haddock fish choroid gland- Gas
granulomatous inflammation,
Bubble Disease
hemorrhage and necrosis,
haddock (Melanogrammus
aeglefinus)
Exophthalmos - diagnosed by the detection of gas bubbles within
tissues . The pathogenesis of GBD differs from The Bends in that it
reflects a chronic exposure to low level supersaturation, whereas, in
decompression disease, the pressure differences are greater and
changes occur over a relatively short period of time. Fish equilibrate
with the dissolved gas, usually nitrogen, that then comes out of
solution into the bloodstream, forming gas emboli in a variety of
tissues, especially those with large capillary beds, such as the gills
and eyes. In fry, the yolk sac is commonly affected. In acute cases,
small gas bubbles initially form in the choroid gland of the posterior
uvea, which later increase markedly in size. In subacute and chronic
cases, localization of gas bubbles in retrobulbar and periocular sites
are frequent. During the acute phase of GBD, ocular lesions are
limited to anatomical displacement of tissue and local degeneration of
compressed tissues. Subacute sequelae include the formation of
anterior synechia, cataract, and suppurative panophthalmitis. During
chronic stages, large retrobulbar gas bubbles cause severe
exophthalmia and distortion of the globe with stretching of the optic
nerve and retinal vessels. Damage to the blood vessel supplying the
eye often leads to thrombosis and perivasculitis.

The classic disease is caused

by the viral subtype H1N1,
which contains distinct
Lung: Pneumonia,
antigenic variants which may
bronchointerstitial, fibrinonecrotic,
circulate concurrently in pig
acute to subacute, diffuse,
11 44 Pig Swine Flu populations in different parts of
moderate, with type II pneumocyte
the world. Subtype H1N1 is the
hyperplasia and multifocal
primary agent of swine
vasculitis,
influenza in North America.
Subtype H3N2 is prevalent in
Europe.

Pancreatic acinar
12 45 Mouse Pancreas: Carcinoma, acinar cell
carcinoma

Rear leg: Tenosynovitis,

Immune complex proliferative, lymphohistiocytic and
12 46 Mouse mediated synovitis and neutrophilic, diffuse, moderate,
vasculitis. with cellulitis, perineuritis,
periostitis, and osteolysis
 Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
Immune complex- membrano-proliferative, global,
mediated diffuse, moderate, with crescents,
12 47 Mouse glomerulonephritis and marked necrotizing vasculitis, and
vasculitis.- Type III multifocal, lymphoplasmacytic
hypersensitivity perivasculitis and interstitial
nephritis,

Characteristic microscopic findings

include: (1) intracytoplasmic inclusion
bodies (ICIBs) most commonly in
epidermis, pancreas, and intestine,
often multiple inclusions per cell; (2)
skin: early-focal epidermal
hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and
spongiosis with ballooning
Eyelid: Conjunctivitis,
degeneration and ICIBs. Later,
subacute, focally extensive,
necrosis, ulceration, and dermal
moderate, with necrosis and
Liver: Necrosis, hepatocellular, lymphocytic infiltrate; (3) liver:
Ectromelia virus intraepithelial intracytoplasmic
12 48 Mouse multifocal, random, with bacterial multifocal random coagulation
(Orthopoxvirus) inclusion bodies.
emboli, necrosis with minimal inflammation,
Lung, colon, uterus, and
hepatocellular syncytia and ballooning
vagina: Necrosis, multifocal,
degeneration at margins with ICIBs;
minimal to severe.
(4) spleen: focal necrosis involving
both lymphoid follicles and red pulp;
(5) intestine: erosions almost to the
base of the mucosa, frequently
adjacent to lymphoid follicles; and (6)
occasional focal necrosis of visceral
organs and bone marrow
degeneration.

Spleen: Necrosis, multifocally

extensive, with bacterial emboli.
Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
necrosuppurative, subacute,
13 49 Rabbit Staphylococcus spp diffuse, severe, with type II
pneumocyte hyperplasia, pleuritis
and colonies of cocci
Unlike other herpesviruses,
Trachea and larynx:
natural transmission is
Infectious Laryngotracheitis, necrotizing,
exclusively aerogenic. The
13 50 Chicken pullets Laryngotracheitis virus subacute, diffuse, severe, with
virus has an affinity for the
(Alpha herpes) syncytial cells and eosinophilic
respiratory epithelium and
intranuclear inclusion bodies
viremia does not develop
 Disseminated visceral
coccidiosis-- Histologically,
granulomatous nodules
contain numerous parasitized
Liver: Hepatitis, histiocytic and mononuclear cells with both
Although Eimeria sp. infections are
lymphoplasmacytic, random, merogonic and gametogenic
Eimeria gruis and/or generally diseases of the intestinal
13 51 Sandhill crane moderate, with extensive stages of eimerian coccidia. In
Eimeria reichenowi. tract, a few species can develop at
hepatocellular loss, and one study, many of the
extraintestinal sites
intrahistiocytic protozoa, granulomatous foci were noted
within the adventitia of blood
vessels, suggesting
hematogenous dissemination
of the infection.

scattered, large, neoplastic

cells with abundant finely
granular eosinophilic
cytoplasm, round open-faced
nuclei and sometimes large
single nucleoli. These cells
Ganglioneuroma vs Feathered skin, top of head:
13 52 Pigeon stained well with cresyl violet
schwannoma Ganglioneuroma, pigeon, avian
and are interpreted to be
neurons. Ganglioneuromas are
benign neuroectodermal
tumors that contain both
Schwann cells, which
predominate, and neurons.

Tongue: Glossitis, necroulcerative,

The differential diagnosis for this lesion might include tanapox (benign
subacute, with vesicles, pustules,
Cynomolgus epidermal monkeypox), Yabapox, marmoset pox, and molluscum
14 53 Monkeypox and intracytoplasmic inclusions,
monkey contagiosum. Grossly, the differential diagnosis would also include
cynomolgus monkey (Macaca
tuberculosis, melioidosis, mycotic granulomas, and papillomatosis.
fascicularis)

Liver: Hepatitis, subacute,

Lesions associated with enterotropic strains include necrotizing
multifocal to coalescing, moderate,
Mouse Hepatitis Virus- enterocolitis resulting in lesions similar to coronaviral enteric
14 54 Balb c mouse with hepatocellular degeneration,
Coronvirus syndromes of other species. As in other species, the most severe
necrosis and loss, and endothelial
clinical signs of disease are found in neonates
syncytial cell formation,

Lung, vascular endothelium:

Syncytial cells.
 The tumor of the ocular The tumor was considered to be of
adnexa is composed of duct- apocrine origin based upon the
forming epithelial cells with following criteria: eosinophilic
Mixed malignant
Shetland Eye and adjacent tissue: Malignant decapitation luminal secretion cytoplasm of tumor cells, decapitation
14 55 apocrine gland
Sheepdog mixed tumor of apocrine gland, and spindle-shaped luminal secretion, intracellular PAS
carcinoma
myoepithelial cells. With positive and diastase resistant
chondrous and osseous granules, and the presence of
metaplasia intracellular iron- positive granules.

vineyard fumigant and in the recovery of chlorine gas in the chemical

industry. More significant amounts are found in industrial waste,
generated mainly from the manufacture of tetra- and trichloroethylene
Kidney, proximal tubules:
exachloro-1:3-butadiene and carbon tetrachloride.
14 56 Rat Degeneration, necrosis and
(HCBD) toxicity
regeneration, multifocal, moderate
The renal damage seen in the rat following HCBD is similar to that
described with a number of other nephrotoxic agents such as mercuric
chloride, dl-serine, dl- ethionine, lysinoalanine, and cis-platinum
tissue cysts and occasionally upon ingestion of sporulated oocysts;
Small intestine: Enteritis, zoites are then released and penetrate into the epithelial cells of the
transmural, chronic, diffuse, small intestine. A series of genetically determined asexual generations
15 57 Cat Toxoplasma gondii severe, with extensive villar loss (endodyogeny) takes place followed by a sexual cycle (gametogony).
and collapse, and numerous After a male gamete fertilizes a female gamete, a wall is formed
protozoal tachyzoites, around the fertilized female gamete forming an oocyst. Oocysts are
shed in the feces, and after exposure to air, sporulate. Oocysts
contain two sporocysts, each of which contains four sporozoites.
Kittens are most likely to become infected and disseminate oocysts.
Thereafter, most kittens develop protective immunity and do not shed
oocysts with subsequent exposure. Sporulation of the oocyst takes
between 1 and 5 days depending upon environmental conditions. The
entire life cycle can be completed within three days after ingestion of
tissue cysts; however, after ingestion of tachyzoites or sporulated
oocysts by cats, the complete life cycle to oocyst formation is usually
delayed for 3 weeks. Presumably, sporozoites and tachyzoites invade
and multiply in intestinal and extraintestinal tissues forming
Mesentery: Mesenteritis, chronic, bradyzoites. In tissues of cats, cysts rupture releasing bradyzoites that
diffuse, severe, with numerous return to the intestine and continue the cycle as if tissue cysts had
protozoal tachyzoites been ingested.

The life cycle of T. gondii in extraintestinal tissues is the same for all
intermediate hosts and cats. After ingestion of tissue cysts or oocysts,
bradyzoites or sporozoites penetrate intestinal epithelial cells, multiply
as tachyzoites, and then spread to other organs. Dissemination
occurs within infected macrophages, lymphocytes, granulocytes, or as
free forms in the blood. Tachyzoites multiply in almost any type of host
cell until the cell is destroyed. The released tachyzoites repeat the
cycle in new host cells and eventually encyst. Tissue cysts are formed
in the brain, skeletal musculature, heart, and visceral organs, and
probably persist for the life of the host. Parasitemia during pregnancy
 The cells are usually cuboidal and may have "clear", eosinophilic or
basophilic cytoplasm. They may be arranged in solid sheets, papillary
15 58 Cat Renal carcinoma Kidney: Renal cell carcinoma, projections or tubules, and may line cystic spaces. All of these
patterns may occur in a single tumor. No prognostic value is
associated with any pattern.

1. Lung: Pneumonia, necrotizing,

multifocal to focally extensive,
15 59 Owl Aspergillus sp subacute, severe, owl, avian - eucocytozoon infestation was observed in the circulating leukocytes of
etiology consistent with Aspergillus all organs examined. The life cycle of these parasites is discussed by
sp. Levine (1985). The parasite is transmitted by black flies (Simulium
spp.).Sporogony takes place in these flies and the infective
sporozoites invade parenchymal organs of birds and undergo
schizogony. The schizonts infect leukocytes or, in certain species of
2. Air sac: Airsacculitis, Leucocytozoon, red blood cells, and develop to gametocytes. The
necrotizing, subacute, diffuse, gametocytes in leukocytes have elongate or round forms or both,
severe, with fungal hyphae - depending on the species. These parasites occupy almost all the
etiology consistent with Aspergillus cytoplasm pushing the nucleus aside. The nucleus remains as an
sp.  elongate basophilic structure on the side of the cell.

Leucocytozoon in blood cells

can readily be differentiated
3. Lung, blood cells:
from other common avian
Microgametocytes and
hemoparasites, but in tissue
macrogametocytes,
Leukocytozoon sections, schizonts of
intracytoplasmic, numerous,
Leucocytozoon must be
etiology consistent with
differentiated from
Leucocytozoon sp.
Haemoproteus and
Plasmodium.

Primary ruleouts should

Fibrosis, bridging, portal to portal
include: copper, aflatoxins,
and portal to central, diffuse,
pyrrolizidine alkaloids,
15 60 Sheep Copper intoxication severe, with multifocal chronic
nitrosamines, sporodesmin,
hepatitis, biliary hyperplasia, and
phomopsin, Alsike clover, and
marked canalicular cholestasis,
the triterpines of Lantana sp.

Heart, myocardium: Degeneration,

Vitamin E deficiency, acute, multifocal to coalescing,
16 61 Puffin
nutritional myopathy severe, horned puffin (Fratercula
corniculata), avian.

Liver: Necrosis, coagulative,

centrilobular, bridging, diffuse, with
hepatocellular vacuolar change
(lipid type).
 1. Haired skin and subcutis:
Sarcoma, histiocytic, Long Evans
rat, rodent.
2. Kidney, capsule: Sarcoma,
16 62 Rat Histiocytic sarcoma
histiocytic.
3. Kidney, proximal tubules:
Intracytoplasmic hyaline droplets,
diffuse, numerous.
differential diagnoses were
considered: malignant fibrous
histiocytoma, malignant
pleomorphic fibrous
histiocytoma, and histiocytic
sarcoma

Brain, cerebellum: Atrophy of

germinal, molecular, granular, and
16 63 Dog Cerebellar abiotrophy Purkinje cell layers, segmental,
with Purkinje cell degeneration,
necrosis, and loss
Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing, acute,
Fusobacterium necrophorum is
Fusobacterum focally extensive, severe, with
a gram-negative, non-
16 64 Mink necrophorum and hemorrhage, emphysema,
sporulating, filamentous,
Clostridium perfringens fibrinous capsulitis, and numerous
obligate anaerobe
filamentous bacteria,

Kidney: Nephroblastoma, rainbow

17 65 Rainbow trout Nephroblastoma
trout (Salmo gairdneri), piscine.

Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial,

chronic, multifocal, moderate, with
multifocal glomerulosclerosis and
periglomerular fibrosis.

Haired skin: Dermatitis and

Pseudomycetoma/ panniculitis, pyogranulomatous,
17 66 Cat Dermatophytic focally extensive, severe, with
mycetoma mycelial pseudo-granules, and
abundant intrahistiocytic debris,

Liver: Hepatitis, chronic, diffuse, his lesion is distinct from classic cirrhosis in which there is prominent
severe, with lobular dissecting portal bridging fibrosis, bile duct reduplication, and multifocal nodular
fibrosis, canalicular cholestasis, regeneration. This disease process should be regarded as a specific
Lobular dissecting mild biliary hyperplasia, multifocal reaction pattern in the liver of the neonatal and juvenile dog,
17 67 dog
fibrosis intrahistiocytic pigment, comparable to neonatal hepatitis in humans. The differential diagnosis
hepatocellular vacuolar for this lesion would include copper toxicity, copper storage disease,
degeneration, and individual cell aflatoxicosis, and infectious diseases such as those caused by canine
necrosis adenovirus 1 and Leptospira spp.
 Placenta: Placentitis, necrotizing, Many of the conference participants favored a protozoal infection with
subacute, diffuse, severe, with Toxoplasma gondii or Neospora caninum. The differential diagnosis
17 68 Cow fetus Candida parapsilosis intracellular and extracellular yeast also included Candida sp., Histoplasma capsulatum, and Sarcocystis
and pseudohyphae, etiology cruzi. Positive staining with GMS and the presence of occasional
consistent with Candida sp pseudohyphae confirm the contributor's diagnosis.

n immunohistochemical stains performed at the AFIP, neoplastic cells

did not stain positively for factor VIII-related antigen. Neoplastic cells
were also negative for lysozyme, glial fibrillary acidic protein, smooth
Hemangiosarcoma/
Liver; mesentery: Sarcoma, poorly muscle actin, S-100 protein, desmin, and cytokeratin. Although the
18 69 Cat Poorly differentiated
differentiated origin of this neoplasm could not be determined, the differential
sarcoma
diagnosis includes malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor,
malignant fibrous histiocytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and
leiomyosarcoma.

1. Eye, iris, ciliary body, and

filtration angle: Fibrovascular
membrane, pre-iridal and post-
18 70 Dog
iridal, with entropion uveae and
anterior peripheral synechiae,
mixed breed, canine. 

2. Eye, retina, sclera, cornea, and

iris: Atrophy, diffuse, moderate. 

3. Eye, lens: Cataractous change,

subcapsular.

These neoplasms have been associated with myasthenia gravis,

polymyositis, myocarditis, and dermatitis. Thymomas are rarely
reported in cats. Several of the reported cases contained cysts lined
by thymic epithelial cells, most often of the fusiform type, that were
separated by prominent fibrous bands . Mast cells, which are preseent
Thymus: Thymoma, cystic, with in small numbers in the normal feline thymic medulla, can be
18 71 Cat Thymoma
marked mastocytosis, numerous in feline thymomas./ Normal thymic epithelial cells produce
several small polypeptide hormones including thymosin,
thymopoietins, thymic humoral factor, thymulin, and the
thymostimulins. Thymulin is interesting, since it is a zinc-containing
peptide that can partially restore T cell function in thymectomized
animals. Thymic epithelial cells also secrete IL-1.
 Eimeria necatrix has a typical eimerian life cycle. After ingestion of an
oocyst, it is crushed in the gizzard and sporozoites are released.
Small intestine: Enteritis,
Sporozoites enter cells in the mucosa of the intestine and begin the
proliferative, subacute, diffuse,
cell cycle leading to reproduction. At least two generations of asexual
18 72 Chicken Eimeria necatrix moderate, with villar atrophy,
reproduction, called schizogony or merogony, lead to a sexual phase,
necrosis, hemorrhage, and
where small, motile microgametes seek out and unite with
coccidial schizonts
macrogametes. The resulting zygotes matures into oocysts, which are
released from the intestinal mucosa and shed in the feces.

Bone, site unspecified:

Osteopetrosis, diffuse, severe, with
19 73 Cat Osteopetrosis
failure of modeling, domestic
shorthair, feline.
Osteopetrosis secondary to
FeLV infection has been
reported in cats. C-type
retrovirus particles consistent
with FeLV were detected in
association with the plasma
Bone, marrow: Hypercellularity, membranes of osteocytes and
diffuse, moderate, with myeloid osteoblasts and embedded in
hyperplasia and erythroid the osteoid. Virus particles
hypoplasia were also found within
megakaryocytes of the bone
marrow.
Osteopetrosis secondary to type-C
retrovirus has been described in cats,
mice, and chickens. In cats, there is
defective osteoclasis, whereas in mice
and chickens the disorder is primarily
osteoblastic. Avian osteopetrosis is
probably the best characterized
example of a bone disorder caused by
a type-C retrovirus; however, it is not a
true osteopetrosis because the
increased bone formation is
subperiosteal rather that medullary
and results from osteoblastic activity
rather than defective osteoclasis.

The differential diagnosis for this lesion includes vitamin E/selenium

deficiency, toxic myopathies caused by the systemic effects of plant
toxins (Cassia sp., Karwinskia sp., gossypol), feed additives
Skeletal muscle, pelvic limb (per
(monensin), and metallic or nonmetallic toxins (copper, cobalt, iron,
contributor): Degeneration and
silver, cadmium, zinc, thallium, mercury, selenium, tellurium, and
Vit E selenium necrosis, multifocal to coalescing,
19 74 Lamb sulfur), the local action of injected toxic substances (chloramphenicol,
deficiency with regeneration, fibrosis,
oxytetracycline and iron preparations), bluetongue virus, and
mineralization, and histiocytic
exertional rhabdomyolysis. One characteristic finding in vitamin
inflammation
E/selenium deficiency is the presence of a fine stippling of mineral in
less affected myofibers which can be better visualized with a Von
Kossa stain.
 Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism is caused by factors that
tend to lower the levels of serum ionized calcium and to increase the
output of parathormone (PTH). It is most common in young, rapidly
growing animals that are fed rations low in calcium and relatively high
in phosphorous. This metabolic disorder is a compensatory
mechanism directed against a disturbance in mineral homeostasis
induced by nutritional imbalances, ie. low serum calcium, excessive
phosphorus with normal or low calcium,
inadequate amounts of vitamin D3. The significant end result is
hypocalcemia which result in parathyroid stimulation. Parathyroid
glands undergo cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Increased levels
of PTH result in a poorly understood interaction between
Maxilla; nasal turbinates: osteoclasts and osteoblasts. PTH secretion results in hyperplasia and
Metabolic Bone
Osteodystrophy, fibrous, diffuse, activation of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts do not have PTH receptors.
19 75 Camel Disease,
severe, dromedary camel Their resorptive activity is probably controlled by a complex system
Hyperparathyroidism
(Camelus dromedarius), camelid. that involves the response of undifferentiated
cells of osteoblastic lineage which possess receptors for to PTH.
These undifferentiated cells may interact with osteoclasts through a
paracrine effect resulting in stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption.
Increased levels of PTH also cause diminished renal tubular
reabsorption of phosphorus and increased reabsorption of
calcium. Bone resorption is accelerated and release of calcium
elevates blood calcium levels to the low-normal range. Continued
ingestion of the imbalanced diet sustains the state of compensatory
hyperparathyroidism, which leads to progressive development of the
metabolic bone disease. There is increased resorption of cancellous
bone and cortical bone, together with the proliferation of fibrous tissue
(fibroblasts have PTH receptors).

New bone is formed in a radial fashion by the periosteum, increasing

the size of the bone. The spaces between the trabeculae are
constantly filled with connective tissue. The new trabeculae may
remain mineralized or may partially mineralize only to be again
resorbed and replaced, repeatedly and irregularly. A similar
process occurs in the endosteum, replacing the medulla and marrow
Nasal turbinate: Rhinitis, subacute,
with fibrocellular tissue that contains irregular trabeculae. As the
multifocal, mild.
original compact bone is broached from both surfaces, it is steadily
and completely replaced by fibrous tissue causing
enlargement of bones such as those of the skull or mandible.
Subperiosteal cortical bone resorption results in bowing deformities
and multiple folding fractures of affected bones, articular collapse and
deformity of structures such as the vertebrae and ribs.
 Clinical features common to affected foals include prognathism,
ruptured common digital extensor tendons, forelimb contracture, and
Congenital Hyperplastic hyroid: Hyperplasia, follicular,
severely retarded ossification and crushing of the carpal and tarsal
19 76 Horse Goiter (thyroid diffuse, severe (hyperplastic
bones. Hypothyroid foals are typicallyaffected at birth, are often weak
hyperplasia) goiter)
and require assistance to stand and may have a grossly
enlarged thyroid.
1. Trachea; bronchi:
Tracheobronchitis,
lymphoplasmacytic and
eosinophilic, diffuse, moderate,
with luminal epithelial hyperplasia,
loss of cilia and goblet cells,
20 77 Rhesus Monkey Cryptosporidium
multifocal squamous metaplasia,
tracheobronchial adenitis, and
numerous protozoa, rhesus
monkey (Macaca mulatta), primate
2. Lung:consistent
- etiology Pneumonia,
with
bronchointerstitial,
Cryptosporidiumsubacute,
sp. 
diffuse, moderate, with type II
Cytomegalovirus pneumocyte hyperplasia and rare
cytomegalic/karyomegalic cells
with eosinophilic intranuclear
inclusion bodies.

B. bronchiseptica colonizes ciliated cells of the respiratory tract. This

Lung: Pneumonia, results in a suppurative rhinitis and possibly pneumonia that
necrohemorrhagic, fibrinous, eventually changes into a lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis and chronic
Bordetella
20 78 pig diffuse, severe, with vasculitis, pneumonia. In chronic lung lesions, there can be prominent
bronchiseptica
fibrin thrombi and cilia-associated peribronchial and peribronchiolar fibrosis. B. bronchiseptica is
bacilli associated with conchal atrophy (atrophic rhinitis) and can induce
moderate to severe conchal atrophy experimentally

In the dog, the most common causes of pleuritis are Actinomyces,

Lung: Pleuritis, chronic-active,
Nocardia, and Bacteroides spp. Mixed bacterial infections are
proliferative, diffuse, severe, with
20 79 Beagle Pyothorax, pleuritis common and a variety of organisms may be present, including
diffuse atelectasis and fibrino-
Corynebacterium spp., Pasteurella spp., E. coli, Fusobacterium
cellular thrombi
necrophorum, Pseudomonas spp., and streptococci.

inflammatory edema of the iris,
Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing, acute, propria with viral antigen in all
multifocal to coalescing, severe,
with hemorrhage and rare
20 80 Dog Canine Adenovirus-1 basophilic intranuclear inclusion
bodies, mixed-breed, canine,
etiology consistent with canine
adenovirus type 1
vessels of the ciliary body and
This dog died of hemorrhage
probably caused by
disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC)--There is
CAV1 is unusual among the
adenoviruses, in that it is capable of
ciliary body, and corneal
causing severe generalized disease
affecting including liver, lung, eye,
but the cornea; cellular
brain, and kidney. CAV1 is distinct
infiltrates of the iris and
from canine adenovirus type 2, which
filtration angle are principally
usually causes a mild respiratory
plasma cells. This lesion
infection in the dog. Coyotes, wolves
represents a local type III
and raccoons are also susceptible to
hypersensitivity reaction to
CAV1. CAV1 has special tropism for
virus-antibody complex
endothelium, mesothelium, and
deposition in the small blood
hepatic parenchyma.
iris, and the resulting
interference with normal fluid
exchange

Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
fibrinosuppurative and histiocytic,
21 81 Monkey Coxiella burnetti subacute, diffuse, severe, with
type II pneumocyte hyperplasia,
and fibrinosuppurative pleuritis,

In mature animals, A. suis infection

can be confused with erysipelas.
In neonates and suckling pigs,
Liver: Hepatitis, peracute to acute, These animals may have
A. suis causes an acute and
21 82 Pig Actinobacillus suis necrotizing, random, multifocal, erythematous skin lesions, fever, and
rapidly fatal septicemia; death
moderate, with bacillary emboli inappetence. Abortion, metritis, and
can occur within 15 hours
meningitis have also been reported in
sows

n the soil, C. immitis occurs as a saprophytic mycelial phase which

gives rise to readily aerosolized arthroconidia. In host tissue
1. Vertebra, fourth lumbar (per
arthroconidia transform into spherules that gradually enlarge up to 20-
contributor): Osteomyelitis,
100 µm in diameter. Rarely, spherules may reach up to 200 µm in
granulomatous, diffuse, severe,
diameter. The nuclei within the spherule divide to form numerous
with multiple granulomas,
uninucleate endospores, 2-3 µm in diameter (endosporulation). When
21 83 Dog Coccidioides immitis osteonecrosis, new bone
released from the spherule, each endospore will form a new mature
formation, and fungal spherules,
spherule at 37°C, or a mycelium at room temperature. In the body, the
Belgian Malinois, canine, etiology
endospore may mature at the site of release or spread to other tissue
consistent with Coccidioides
via lymphatics or the blood. Endospores are not considered infectious
immitis. 
to other animals (arthroconidia from the mycelial phase are highly
infectious),
 2. Skeletal muscle: Myositis,
granulomatous, focally extensive,
moderate, with granulomas,
myofiber atrophy, fibrosis, and
regeneration. 
3. Bone marrow: Hyperplasia,
myeloid, diffuse, moderate.

1. Haired skin: Atypical In the grey squirrel, multiple fibromas

mesenchymal proliferation,
nodular, with epidermal
Leporipoxvirus-Squirrel hyperplasia, ballooning
21 84 Grey Squirrel
pox degeneration, spongiosis, and
eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
inclusion bodies, grey squirrel
(Sciurus carolinensis), rodent.
have been reported to occur in the
skin, heart, lung, kidney, liver,
mesentery, testes, and lymph nodes.
Inclusions in epithelium only
The pathogenesis of the disseminated
squirrel fibroma is not completely
understood, but it is believed that the
virus spreads hematogenously.

2. Haired skin, subcutaneous

adipose tissue: Steatitis,
granulomatous, multifocal,
moderate.
3. Haired skin, deep skeletal
muscle: Myositis, chronic,
multifocal, mild, with myofiber
atrophy and regeneration.

Cloacal papillomas are quite

common, especially in Amazon
parrots, and there are reports
of concurrent bile duct
carcinomas. A viral origin has
1. Liver: Cholangiocarcinoma, been assumed but so far a
Psitttacine Herpesvirus-
22 85 McCaw military macaw (Ara militaris), papillomavirus has been
cloacal papillomatosis
avian. isolated only in chaffinches,
bramblings and a Timneh
African grey parrot. Herpes-
like virus particles were seen
in a cloacal papilloma of an
orange-fronted conure.

2. Oropharynx: Papilloma.
Gill: Branchitis, proliferative and
Proloferative Gill
histiocytic, diffuse, moderate to Proliferative gill disease (PGD)
Disease- myxozoan and
22 86 Channel Catfish severe, with protozoan spores, of channel catfish occurs
a species of
channel catfish (Ictalurus throughout commercial catfish
Aurantiactinomyxon
punctatus)
 Bronchiectasis is defined as permanent, abnormal dilatation of
bronchi. It occurs most frequently as an acquired lesion secondary to
some form of bronchitis or bronchopneumonia. A severe suppurative
Lung: Bronchiectasis and
bronchitis damages and weakens the bronchial wall which leads to
bronchiolectasis, diffuse, severe,
pooling of exudates in the bronchial lumen. Inflammatory processes in
with bronchiolar plugs, mild
22 87 Cat Bronchiectasis more distal airways and alveoli contribute to lower airway obstruction
bronchiolar gland hyperplasia, and
and atelectasis. The loss of alveolar tissue leads to traction on the
mild neutrophilic, histiocytic, and
wall of airways during inspiration which contributes to airway
eosinophilic bronchiolitis
expansion. The bronchitis may be of infectious or allergic etiology,
secondary to aspiration or another abnormality such as immotile cilia
syndrome.

Lung: Pneumonia, The conference participants agreed with the contributor's diagnosis
bronchointerstitial, subacute, and comments. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a common pathogen
diffuse, moderate, with type II in dogs, other canids, mustelids, procyonids, and viverrids. Recently,
22 88 mink Canine Distemper Virus
pneumocyte hyperplasia, syncytia, major outbreaks of canine distemper have occurred in javelinas
and intranuclear and eosinophilic (collared peccaries) in the United States, and in big cats in Africa and
intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies North America.

Small intestine: Enteritis,

necrotizing, acute, diffuse, severe, Hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis in newborn foals has been reported
Clostridium perfringens with necrotizing vasculitis, fibrin to be caused by the following Clostridium species: Clostridium
23 89 Quarterhorse
type C thrombi, diffuse transmural edema, perfringens type C, Clostridium perfringens type B, Clostridium
and myriad mucosal adherent sordelli, and Clostridium difficile.
bacilli

Heterotopia of the gastric mucosa is extremely rare in

animals, having been noted in the Beagle breed and the cat.
Heterotopic gastric mucosa in Beagles has only been reported in the
small intestine. In humans, heterotopic gastric mucosa can
Jejunum: Heterotopic fundic gastric occasionally be found in the intestinal tract, most commonly in the
mucosa, segmental, with duodenum, but also in the jejunum, ileum, colon, and
23 90 Dog Gastric Heterotopy
goblet cell hyperplasia, and mild rectum. In most cases, the heterotopic gastric tissue is identified as an
multifocal subacute inflammation isolated finding in the intestinal mucosa, but may be a component of
more complex malformations such
as Meckel's and other small bowel diverticula, enteric duplications,
and various other congenital malformations. In dogs, heterotopic
gastric mucosa has only been reported in the jejunum.

Brain, cerebellum: Malignant
23 91 Dog Meningioma
meningioma, pigmented,
Lung: Pneumonia,
necrogranulomatous,
fibrinohemorrhagic,
diffuse, severe, with necrotizing
23 92 Penguin Zygomycetes- Rhizopus
vasculitis and fungal hyphae,
Magellanic penguin, avian,
etiology consistent with a
mucoraceous zygomycete.
1. Liver: Mineralization, midzonal
Metastatic and multifocal, moderate, with
24 93 Guinea Pig
mineralization multifocal coagulative necrosis, Metastatic calcification occurs most often in guinea pigs over 1 year of
Hartley guinea pig, rodent.
calcium or high phosphorous diets appear to interfere with magnesium
2. Liver, hepatocytes: Vacuolar
change (lipid type), periportal to
midzonal, diffuse, mild.
Salivary gland, mandibular:
Necrosis, coagulative, diffuse, with
Necrotizing
24 94 dog multifocal neovascularization and
sialometaplasia (NS)
rare multifocal squamous
metaplasia of ductular epithelium
n humans, pigmented meningiomas have been reported in the
past; however, recent immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies
have shown these tumors to be melanocytic. The existance of true
melanotic meningioma has been questioned. Primary melanocytic
neoplasms of the meninges are recognized in humans
and animals. In the present case, pigmented malignant meningioma
and meningeal malignant melanoma were included in the differential
diagnosis
There are numerous, large,
approximately 10-15 µm
diameter fungal hyphae which
are branching, septate, non-
dichotomous, with bulbous
projections. Occasional
vessels have perivascular,
vascular,
and luminal fungi with
inflammation.
age. Dietary factors such as low magnesium and high phosphorous
and calcium intake have been implicated in this syndrome. High
absorption and metabolism
The characteristic histologic findings are ischemic necrosis of salivary
lobules and secondary squamous metaplasia of salivary ducts. The
palatine glands are most commonly affected.
Salivary gland infarction / NS has been reported in at least six small
breed dogs which included the Jack Russell Terrier, Wirehaired Fox
Terrier, West Highland White Terrier, and Pomeranian.
 he correlation between the distribution
of lesions of Lechiguana and those
caused by Dermatobia hominis
suggests that this parasite may have a
role in transmitting or initiating the
disease. Histologically, the
Bovine focal proliferative subcutaneous mass consists of well
Subcutis and skeletal muscle: fibrogranulomatous panniculitis vascularized mature connective tissue,
Lechiguana/ Panniculitis and myositis, fibrosing, (Lechiguana) is a disease multifocally calcified and infiltrated by
Proliferative chronic-active, diffuse, severe, with affecting cattle in southern numerous eosinophils and lesser
24 95 Ox fibrogranulomas- multifocal eosinophilic Brazil and is characterized by numbers of lymphocytes, plasma cells,
Pasteurella microabscesses, Splendore rapidly growing, large solitary and neutrophils. Numerous
granulomatis. Hoeppli material, bacterial colonies subcutaneous swellings microabscesses composed mainly of
and mineralization occurring mostly over the eosinophils are found within the
scapula or adjacent areas connective tissue. The mass extends
into adjacent skeletal muscle
destroying myofibers; scattered
myofibers are found entrapped within
the connective tissue mass.
Lymphatics within the mass are dilated
and filled with eosinophils.

Calcific bodies are often found within

Lung: Pneumonia, necrotizing,
granulomatous, multifocal to
24 96 Black Crake-Avian Nocardiosis coalescing, severe, with
necrotizing vasculitis and
filamentous bacilli,
gram positive, 0.5 to 1.0 m
the caseated centers of granulomas,
wide, branching, occasionally
are readily stained with H&E and the
beaded, filamentous
PAS reaction and resemble yeast-like
organisms were visible in the
cells. When apposed, these bodies
necrotic centers. These
may look like budding yeast, and their
organisms were acid-fast with
laminated structure creates the illusion
the Fite-Faraco method, but
of a thick cell wall or capsule. Calcific
not with the Ziehl-Neelsen
bodies do not stain with GMS or
acid-fast stain.
Gridley's stains.

he lesions in the case presented here represent chronic periosteal

new bone formation with involvement of the diaphyseal, metaphyseal,
and periarticular regions. The new bone formation resembles that
seen in hypertrophic osteopathy, except that the lesions are more
Bone, ulna: Hyperostosis, widespread. The cancellization of the underlying cortex likely
Proliferative bone periosteal, chronic, focally represents stress shielding of the cortical bone by the periosteal new
25 97 Ruffled Lemur
disease extensive, severe, with cortical bone. The lemur in this case was also found to have membranous
osteopenia glomerulonephritis and chronic interstitial nephritis but BUN and
creatinine were not elevated. No thoracic or abdominal lesions was
found, as might be associated with hypertrophic osteopathy. The
cause of the proliferative bone lesions seen here and reported in other
lemurs is undetermined.
 Listeriosis occurs in 3 distinct syndromes: 1) abortions, 2) septicemia
with visceral abscesses, and 3) encephalitis. Abortion in ruminants
usually occurs in late gestation, and is not associated with illness of
Brain, brain stem: the dam. Septicemic disease with visceral abscessation is recognized
Meningoencephalitis, subacute, in neonatal ruminants. Encephalitic listeriosis occurs mostly in adult
25 98 Sheep Listeria monocytogenes multifocal, moderate, with ruminants, although younger ewes are at higher risk than aged ewes.
microabcesses, neuronal necrosis, In encephalitic listeriosis, the organism has marked affinity for the
and numerous bacteria, brain stem, primarily the pons and medulla, as was present in this
case. There is evidence that the organism gains entrance to the brain
via cranial nerves, particularly the trigeminal, rather than via a
hematogenous route.

Eye: Panophthalmitis, Based on histomorphologic

granulomatous, multifocal, and epidemiologic findings, the
25 99 Cat Mycobacterium sp moderate to severe, with periocular organisms are most likely of
skeletal myositis, steatitis, optic the Mycobacterium avium-
neuritis, and myriad bacilli, intracellulare complex (MAIC).

Myoepitheliomas most frequently arise in the parotid and submaxillary

salivary glands, and expand the subcutis of the ventral neck. They can
Haired skin: Myoepithelioma, also be associated with the mammary, Harderian, and preputial
25 100 Mouse Myoepithelioma
malignant glands. These tumors can become very large, with cystic chambers
containing a pink to brown serous fluid. This fluid is not secretory in
nature, but forms through liquefaction of the neoplasm.

The most consistent finding in horses with clinical signs of chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease is a generalized chronic bronchiolitis.
Lung: Bronchiolitis and bronchitis, Emphysema is less common. Constant features of the chronic
Respiratory lymphoplasmacytic, diffuse, bronchiolitis are epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell metaplasia,
26 101 Horse hypersensitivity- Heaves moderate, with airway epithelial peribronchiolar fibrosis, and infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma
COPD hyperplasia, diffuse congestion, cells. Lumina of bronchioles are narrowed by accumulation of exudate
and multifocal alveolar edema, and peribronchiolar fibrosis. Mucus is usually a major component of
the exudate. The presence of eosinophils is quite variable ranging
from very few to numerous.

It is worth mentioning that cats have no perianal (hepatoid) gland

which is a peculiar anatomical structure of dog. Accordingly, based
upon the morphologic features, we suppose that the origin of the
Perianal sebaceous Haired skin, perianal area:
26 102 Cat present tumor is the anal sac-associated sebaceous gland. The
carcinoma Carcinoma, sebaceou
contribution of the sweat gland, the other glandular structure
associated with the anal sac, was eliminated as the histologic criteria
of the present tumor are different from that of apocrine carcinoma.

Cholangocellular
26 103 Cat Liver: Adenocarcinoma,
carcinoma
 1. Liver: Amyloidosis, diffuse,
severe, with hepatocellular atrophy Amyloidosis consists of about 90% fibril proteins and 10%
26 104 Antelope
and loss, blackbuck antelope glycoprotein (P component). AL (amyloid light chain) is derived from
(Antelope cervicapra), bovid.  plasma cells, contains immunoglobulin light chains and is the
predominant deposit in primary amyloidosis. It is associated with
multiple myeloma and is composed of homogeneous light chains of
the ( -VI type) and type or their N-terminal fragments ( -Bence Jones
protein, amyloid fibril protein in multiple myeloma), or both. AA
(amyloid-associated) proteins are derived from large protein
precursors in the serum (SAA-serum amyloid associated) that are
produced in the liver in response to interleukin-1, and perhaps other
cytokines, and are associated with the HDL3 subclass of lipoproteins.
2. Liver: Hepatitis, portal, SAA is an acute-phase protein associated with inflammatory
lymphoplasmacytic, diffuse, mild. reactions. AA proteins have been isolated in vitro from the digestion of
delipidated SAA by monocytic serine proteases (u-PA, urokinase-type
plasminogen activator-macrophages and granulocytes). This is the
predominant deposit in secondary amyloidosis.
Recent studies have revealed several other proteins in amyloid
deposits:
1. Transthyretin: A serum protein that binds and transports thyroxine
and retinol. A mutant form of transthyretin and its fragment are
isolated in familial amyloid polyneuropathies (Familial Mediterranean
fever) and amyloidosis associated with aging (Alzheimer's disease) in
3. Spleen, red pulp: Amyloidosis, humans.
diffuse, severe. 2. 2 Microglobulin: component of the MHC class 1 molecule has
recently been isolated in amyloidosis that complicates long term
hemodialysis.
3. 2 Amyloid protein (A 4 protein) constitutes the core of cerebral
amyloid plaques as well as the deposits found in the walls of cerebral
vessels in Alzheimer's disease.
4. IAAP (islet amyloid polypeptide): major component of human and
feline pancreatic islet amyloid and of amyloid in human pancreatic
endocrine tumors, occurs in normal pancreatic cells of numerous
species, is located in the outer lucent zone and dense core of the cell
secretory vesicle in the cat and man, respectively, and is probably co-
secreted with insulin. It inhibits basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen
synthesis in skeletal muscle and is believed to play a role in the insulin
resistance seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus in man.
5. AEF (Amyloid-enhancing factor): a glycoprotein that appears to
alter the metabolism of SAA and may be essential for the deposition
of AA amyloid in experimental models. Note that additional elements
must be required for the deposition of amyloid in tissue since SAA
when reacted to IL-1 in the presence of AEF does not give rise to
amyloid.
6. GAG's (sulfated glycosaminoglycans) have been reported in
several forms of amyloid deposits.
7. In addition to those proteins already described, amyloid deposits
derived from hormone precursors (pro-calcitonin, proinsulin, medullary
carcinoma of the thyroid) and keratin have been reported.
8. P Component (AP), also synthesized in the liver, is structurally
similar to C-reactive protein and is associated with all forms of
amyloidosis.
 3. 2 Amyloid protein (A 4 protein) constitutes the core of cerebral
amyloid plaques as well as the deposits found in the walls of cerebral
vessels in Alzheimer's disease.
4. IAAP (islet amyloid polypeptide): major component of human and
feline pancreatic islet amyloid and of amyloid in human pancreatic
endocrine tumors, occurs in normal pancreatic cells of numerous
species, is located in the outer lucent zone and dense core of the cell
secretory vesicle in the cat and man, respectively, and is probably co-
secreted with insulin. It inhibits basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen
synthesis in skeletal muscle and is believed to play a role in the insulin
resistance seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus in man.
5. AEF (Amyloid-enhancing factor): a glycoprotein that appears to
alter the metabolism of SAA and may be essential for the deposition
of AA amyloid in experimental models. Note that additional elements
must be required for the deposition of amyloid in tissue since SAA
when reacted to IL-1 in the presence of AEF does not give rise to
4. Spleen: Hemosiderosis, diffuse, amyloid.
moderate. 6. GAG's (sulfated glycosaminoglycans) have been reported in
several forms of amyloid deposits.
7. In addition to those proteins already described, amyloid deposits
derived from hormone precursors (pro-calcitonin, proinsulin, medullary
carcinoma of the thyroid) and keratin have been reported.
8. P Component (AP), also synthesized in the liver, is structurally
similar to C-reactive protein and is associated with all forms of
amyloidosis.

Wing, carpus: Arthritis,

n free living waterfowl, staphylococcosis tends to be sporadic and is
osteomyelitis and tenosynovitis,
not responsible for large numbers of mortalities. The major
necrotizing, granulomatous and
pathological findings include: endocarditis, arthritis, tenosynovitis,
27 105 Pintail duck Staphylococcus spp heterophilic, multifocal to
osteomyelitis, peritonitis, hepatitis, splenitis, nephritis, pneumonia,
coalescing, severe, with
encephalomyelitis, and enteritis. The most common route of infection
granulation tissue, periosteal
in Anseriforms appears to be through skin wounds
hyperostosis, and colonies of cocci

1. Uterus, gravid: Metritis and

gram-negative bacteria such as
placentitis, necrotizing, acute,
Klebsiella oxytoca, K. pneumonia,
diffuse, severe, with vasculitis and The death of the fetus was
27 106 Nude Mouse Enterobacter spp Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter sp.
numerous intracellular and attributed to loss of blood
can cause suppurative utero-ovarian
extracellular bacilli, nude mouse supply due to placental
infections in nongravid mice
(Nu/JNu), rodent. vasculitis and necrosis. The
presence of squamous
epithelial cells and meconium
within fetal lungs indicates fetal
2. Fetus: Autolysis, diffuse, stress. Enterobacter sp. are
moderate.  occasionally reported to cause
placentitis in horses and
sporadic cases of mastitis and
urinary tract infections in dogs.
In addition to those listed by
the contributor, the following
bacteria have been isolated
 stress. Enterobacter sp. are
occasionally reported to cause
placentitis in horses and
3. Fetus, lung: Numerous sporadic cases of mastitis and
squamous epithelial cells and urinary tract infections in dogs.
meconium.  In addition to those listed by
the contributor, the following
bacteria have been isolated
from the reproductive tracts of
4. Fetus, nasal mucosa, dermis, female mice that aborted:
dental pulp, tongue: Necrosis and Streptococcus sp., Proteus
acute inflammation, multifocal, mirabilis, and Proteus vulgaris.
mild.

The conference participants agreed with the contributor's diagnosis.

Eye: Choroiditis, lymphocytic, Differential diagnosis for this lesion includes viral infection and
diffuse, severe, with moderate autoimmune reaction. The distribution of these lesions is interesting.
27 107 Wallaby Wallal virus- orbivurus anterior uveitis, retinitis, retinal Many orbiviruses cause more generalized, often vascular, lesions.
detachment and intra-ocular Other orbiviruses of veterinary importance include: bluetongue virus,
fibrinocellular exudate, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus, African horse sickness
virus, Palyam virus, Ibaraki virus, and equine encephalosis virus.
Marmosets are susceptible to
both herpes simplex and
herpes T infection. Both
Brain: Meningoencephalitis,
viruses cause systemic
necrotizing, subacute, multifocal,
infection with similar gross and The most characteristic gross lesions
moderate to severe, with
microscopic lesions. are discrete ulcers, necrotic plaques,
astrocytosis, multifocal
27 108 Marmoset Herpes Simplex 1 and 2 Encephalitis has not been and erosions or ulcers of the oral
hemorrhage, ventriculitis,
described in Herpesvirus T mucous membranes and at the
vasculitis, and neuronal and
infection but this would not be mucocutaneous junction of the lips
astrocytic eosinophilic intranuclear
a reliable criterion on which to
inclusion bodies
base the differentiation of the
two diseases.
Intranuclear inclusion bodies and multinucleate syncytial cells are
characteristic findings. The most striking feature herpes simplex
encephalitis is necrosis of neurons, particularly of the temporal
cerebral cortex and the thalamus. Intranuclear inclusions may be
found in neurons and astrocytes.

Colon: Vasculitis,
Malignant Catarrhal lymphohistiocytic, necrotizing,
28 109 Bovine Fever- gamma multifocal, moderate, with diffuse, AlHV-1, OVH-2
herpesvirus mild to moderate, subacute,
erosive colitis
 Campylobacter jejuni and C. fetus are among the most commonly
diagnosed causes of ovine abortion. These abortions occur in the last
half of gestation. Grossly, placentitis is rarely apparent. Fetuses are
Placenta: Placentitis, necrotizing,
often slightly to moderately autolytic. Fetal lesions often include a
acute, diffuse, severe, with
28 110 Sheep Campylobacter jejuni fibrinous peritonitis and hepatomegaly with multifocal target-shaped
intratrophoblastic, intravascular,
areas of hepatic necrosis. Suppurative placentitis and pneumonia of
and extracellular bacilli
varying severity are usually present. These fetal lesions are typical but
not pathognomonic of Campylobacter sp. infections. Identical lesions
can be produced by Flexispira rappini.

1. Lung: Pneumonia,
bronchointerstitial, necrotizing,
acute to subacute, diffuse, EHV-1 Equine viral abortion
28 111 Horse EHV-1 EHV-4 Rhinopneumonitis virus
moderate, with syncytial cells and and neurologic disease
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion
bodies, Arabian horse, equine.

2. Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing,

portal and random, acute,
EHV-2 Currently recognized as EHV-5 Currently recognized as a
multifocal, moderate, with
a gamma herpesvirus gamma herpesvirus
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion
bodies. 

EHV-1 is the important cause of single

3. Adrenal: Adrenalitis, necrotizing,
peracute to acute, multifocal,
moderate, with eosinophilic
intranuclear inclusion bodies.
or multiple abortions in mares. An
important distinction is that in fetuses
aborted due to EHV-1, the lung is the
EHV-3 Equine coital main organ affected. EHV-1 is the only
exanthema one causing neurologic disease (an
encephalitis characterized by a
vasculitis) and can result in neonatal
deaths, probably associated with late
term fetal infections.

The equine pulmonary granular cell

tumor is believed to be of Schwann
neoplastic cells stained
cell origin. The cytoplasmic granules
positively for S-100 protein,
of the neoplastic cells are reported to
glial fibrillary acidic protein
stain with luxol fast blue and periodic
28 112 Equine Granular cell tumor Lung: Granular cell tumor (GFAP) and neuron-specific
acid-Schiff counterstain for myelin and
enolase (NSE); these findings
myelin-breakdown products. These
are in agreement with previous
findings coupled with positive staining
reports.
with S-100, GFAP, and NSE support
Schwann cell origin.

1. Mantle, skeletal muscle:

Myositis, amebocytic, multifocal,
Citrobacter freundii and They have a total of three hearts: one
29 113 Cuttlefish moderate, with bacilli, common
group D Enterococcus systemic heart which is most like that
cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), Cephalopods have one type of
cephalopod. of mammals and two branchial hearts.
blood cell, called hemocytes or
Cuttlefish hearts are part of an
amebocytes, which contain
essentially closed circulatory system
large eosinophilic granules and
and all are prone to bacterial seeding
monomorphic nuclei. In tissue
 Cephalopods have one type of
of mammals and two branchial hearts.
blood cell, called hemocytes or
Cuttlefish hearts are part of an
amebocytes, which contain
2. Systemic heart: essentially closed circulatory system
large eosinophilic granules and
Endomyocarditis, amebocytic, and all are prone to bacterial seeding
monomorphic nuclei. In tissue
diffuse, moderate, with multifocal during septicemia. Cuttlefish do not
sections, the cells often
necrosis. have a true liver or pancreas but do
appear to have "degranulated"
have a digestive gland which has
appearing monocyte-like.
3. Digestive gland: Adenitis, been called liver or hepatopancreas by
amebocytic, necrotizing, multifocal, some.
moderate, with bacilli.

Feline pansteatitis is a nutritional disease caused by severe vitamin E

Adipose tissue: Steatitis,
deficiency. The condition usually results from a diet deficient in vitamin
granulomatous, necrotizing,
E or with excessive amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids, which
multifocal, moderate, with
destroy vitamin E. Most cases are caused by an exclusive diet of red
Nutritional Pansteatitis- multifocal fibrosis, inflamed
29 114 Bengal Cat canned tuna or by excessive cod liver oil supplementation. Grossly,
Vit E deficiency granulation tissue, multinucleate
multiple, irregular, firm nodules develop diffusely in the subcutis and
giant cells with intracytoplasmic
the abdominal mesenteric fat. Systemic signs of fever, malaise, pain,
cholesterol clefts, and scattered
anorexia, lethargy or hyperexcitability, and depression may precede or
touton giant cells,
occur simultaneously with the development of nodules.

Langhans- Peripheral nuclei- Foreign Body- Touton giant cell- ring of nuclei
horseshoe shaped disorganized/Central nuclei surrounded by a foamy cytoplasm.

1. Small intestine: Enteritis,

subacute, diffuse, mild, with
mucosal hyperplasia, multifocal
29 115 Sheep Coccidiosis villar blunting and fusion, crypt
abscesses, microerosions, and
epithelial and lamina proprial
coccidian protozoa. 

2. Small intestine, Peyer's patch:

Hyperplasia, lymphoid, moderate.

Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing,

multifocal, periportal and random,
29 116 Falcon Falcon Adenovirus acute to subacute, with bile stasis
and eosinophilic and basophilic
intranuclear inclusion bodies
 Teeth develop from two embryonic tissues. The enamel cap is derived
from the dental lamina, which is an invagination of squamous
epithelium from the lining of the buccal cavity. All other parts of the
tooth, including dentin, cementum, and pulp, arise from the embryonic
Nasal cavity: Ameloblastoma, with
30 117 Rabbit Ameloblastoma mesenchyme. Classification of odontogenic neoplasms is based on
hard substance, lop-eared rabbit,
the inductive concept of odontogenesis: ameloblastic epithelium
induces differentiation of dental papilla mesenchyme into
odontoblasts, which forms dentin. The dentin induces ameloblasts to
form enamel.

Ameloblastoma is a rare neoplasia of tooth root origin and has never been reported in the rabbit. The
tumor is locally invasive and locally destructive to bone. Metastasis has not been reported. The histologic
criteria to be alerted to are the irregular islands with peripheral palisading columnar cells with polarized
nuclei away from the basement membrane, and the stellate reticulum within the central region.

Pseudopregnancy in the ferret can develop following a sterile mating,

or as result of hormonal imbalance caused by reduced light intensity
one month before breeding. The history of this ferret prior to receipt
from the vendor is unknown.
Histological changes in the endometrium are the same in the pregnant
and pseudopregnant uterus. Features of the endometrium in the
present case include dilated glands containing large amounts of
1. Uterus: Endometrial hypertrophy
secretory material, marked enlargement of luminal and glandular
with symplasma formation, ferret
epithelial cells with extreme karyomegaly, symplasma formation, and
30 118 Ferret (Mustela furo), mustelid.
sloughing of symplasmic masses into the uterine lumen. There are
2. Uterus: Endometritis, acute,
also small accumulations of neutrophils within some dilated glands.
multifocal, mild.
These features are similar to the appearance of the endometrium 20
to 25 days following breeding. Symplasma formation occurs as the
most superficial hypertrophied epithelial cells lose their integrity
and form masses of protoplasm containing whole or fragmented
nuclei. The duration of pseudopregnancy is identical to pregnancy
(40-42 days). The endometrium breaks down between day 35 and day
40, and resembles the anestrous state by day 45.

Liver: Granulomas, eosinophilic,

Capillaria spp. are aphasmids
multiple, coalescing, with
and are classified in the group
bioperculate barrel-shaped
30 119 Rabbit Capillaria hepatica Trichinellina, which includes
nematode eggs, hare (Lepus
both Capillariidae and
europaeus), lagomorph, etiology
Trichuridae
consistent with Capillaria hepatica.
 1. Small intestine: Enteritis,
necrotizing, subacute,
fibrinosuppurative and The cow had classical mucosal disease and was also infected with
BVD, Salmonella, E coli, hemorrhagic, transmural, severe, Salmonellaserogroup E. Probably the cow was persistently infected
30 120 Bovine
Pasteurella with necrotizing vasculitis, with a non-cytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus and was
thrombosis, lymphoid necrosis and recently exposed to a cytopathic BVD strain or a cytopathic mutant of
depletion, bacilli and fungal the persisting strain. Two of the other affected herdmates were also
hyphae positive for BVD virus and were infected with Salmonella serogroup E.
By genomic typing, BVD isolates are divided in BVD VIRUS type 1
2. Esophagus: Esophagitis, and type 2. Both cytopathic and non-cytopathic isolates are found
necrotizing, subacute, multifocal,
among each subtype.
moderate, with intra- epithelial
cleavage vesicles, Holstein,
bovine.
Conference Slide Species etiology Morph Dx notes notes/DDX
1989-1990

Haired skin: Dermatitis,

Greyhound cutaneous
1 1 Dog suppurative, ulcerative, with
and renal vasculopathy
vasculitis and thrombosis, chronic

Kidney: Glomerulitis and vasculitis,

necrotizing with hemorrhage and
thrombosis
2 dog Odontoma Maxilla: Odontoma
dental pad: stomatitis,
lymphohistiocytic with balooning
Bovine Papular
3 Bovine degeneration and intraepithelial
stomatitis (parapoxvirus)
intracytoplasmic eosinophilic
inclusions
4 Canine Plasmacytoma Haired skin: Plasmacytoma
5 Canine Plasmacytoma Lip: Plasmacytoma Lambda light chain positive
eye: Endophthalmitis,
2 6 Canine Uveitis, Phacoclastic fibrinosuppurative, with lens
rupture and retinal detachment
Multiple sections of lung show
The splenopancreas shows acinar
Lung: Pneumonia, proliferative, hyperplastic changes of the
necrosis with heterophils and interstitial
diffuse, with intracytoplasmic surface epithelium lining septa
7 Kingsnake Ophidian Paramyxovirus lymphocytic inflammation. Some
eosinophilic inclusions and with loss of basilar nuclear
pancreatic ducts contain masses of
syncytial cells orientation, swelling, and
degenerating heterophils.
intracytoplasmic inclusions
Subcutis: Fat necrosis with Unstained refractile material in
Vit E deficiency Fat
8 Ferret suppurative and granulomatous adipocytes are calcium salts of
necrosis
steatitis fatty acids
Hemorrhagic necrosis within
affected regions was
Thrombotic Brain: Encephalitis, hemorrhagic
characterized by well delineated
9 Bovine Meningoencephalitis/ and suppurative with vasculitis and
pale neuropil around blood
Histophilosis gram negative bacilli
vessels with necrotizing vasculitis
and thrombosis.
Small intestine: Enteritis,
Anemia and fatty liver are also
3 10 Feline Feline Leukemia virus necrotizing with villosu atrophy and
FeLV associated conditions
crypt loss
Hypercellularity is associated with
Bone Marrow: Hypercellularity with Lymphoid tissues and bone marrow have
proliferation of poorly
myeloid metaplasia prominence of immature forms
differentiated blast cells

Liver: Cholangiohepatitis
Lymphocytic often accompanied by pancreatic
11 Feline lymphocytic chronic bridging with ddx lymphoma
Cholangiohepatitis inflammation
biliary hyperplasia, capsulitis

Kindey: Nephritis, interstitial,

this pattern was atypical of
12 Canine Leptospira spp lymphoplasmacytic, ddx: encpehalitozoon cuniculi
leptospira
pyogranulomatous
 Stomach: Gastritis, chronic, Small size and prominent cuticular
Comparative: Ostertagia, Nochtia nochti,
13 Feline Ollulanus tricuspis proliferative, with mucosal fibrosis ridges and the location on the
and Trichostrongylus axei
and trichostrongylid nematodes mucosal surface and in crypts

Heart: Myocarditis, necrotizing with 3-5 um round to oval budding

4 14 Equine Candida tropicalis intralesional yeast and yeast (blastospores) mixed with
pseudohyphae pseudohyphae and hyphae
Lung: Granulomas, multifocal, with
15 Deer Mycobacterium bovis
mineralization
Haired skin and subcutis: Should not be confused with
Phaeohyphomycosis Dermatitis and panniculitis, focally Chromoblastomycosis- large 6-12
16 feline
(Exophiala jeanselmei) extensive, with dematiaceous um thick walled dark brown
fungal elements muriform cells (sclerotic bodies)
Skin, hypodermis, and muscle:
Red Spot Disease/ Dermatitis, panniculitis, and
17 Fish Oomycosis Mycotic myositis, necrotizing, red spot dz- cutaneous ulceration
Dermatitis and myositis granulomatous, with intralesional
fungal hyphae

Brain stem: Neuronal vacuolation,

5 18 Sheep Scrapie
multifocal, with gliosis

Small Intestine: Enteritis,

19 Equine Clostridium perfringens necrohemorrhagic, diffuse, with
myriad large bacilli
Kidney: glomerulitis, fibrinous, with
ddx: Erysipelas, strep,
20 Porcine Salmonella cholerasuis bacterial emboli, with hemorrhage
Haemophilus
and tubular necrosis

cauda Equina: Polyneuritis,

Neuritis of the Cauda lymphoplasmacytic, fibrosing with
21 Equine
Equina hemorrhage, axonal degeneration
and Schwann cell proliferation

Spinal Cord: Axonal degeneration

large lakes of dermal mucin that

Dermal Mucinosis Haired skin: Dermal mucinosis with
6 22 Canine widely separate preexisting
(normal Shar Pei skin) acanthosis and follicular keratosis
collagen
Haired skin: Folliculitis and
furunculosis, suppurative, diffuse,
with chronic hyperplastic
23 Bovine trichophyton verrucosum
dermatitis, intracorneal pustules
and endothrix and ectothrix
arthrospores and hyphae
Haired skin: dermatitis and
diabetes mellitus and
panniculitis, histiocytic with acicular
24 Feline Xanthomatosis hypertriglyceridemia,
clefts and lipid laden macrophages
hypothyroidism
(xanthomatosis)
 Nodular masses of cells oriented
around follicles below the DDX: necrobiotic granulomas, canine
infundibulum and encompassing cutaneous histiocytoma, cutaneous
Multinodular Haired skin: Dermatitis,
the hair bulb consisting of histiocytosis, sterile nodular panniculitis,
25 Canine granulomatous granulomatous, periadnexal,
macrophages, lymphocytes, and familial systemic histiocytosis of Bernese
dermatitis, periadenxal nodular, multifocal to coalescing
plasma cells with rare neutrophils; Mtn Dogs and sebaceous adenitis of
preservation of apocrine glands standard poodles
and epithelium

7 26 canine Adenocarcinoma Stomach: adenocarcinoma

The larval stage of Taenia
Liver: Strobilocercus with taeniaformis is considered a
cysticercus fasciolaris/ associated chronic inflammation strobilocercus at 42 days PI when
27 Muskrat
Capillaria hepatica with granulomatous heptitis with the scolex evaginates and
Capillaria eggs becomes connected to the bladder
by segmented strobila
Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial,
diffuse, severe, with type II amorphous foamy eosinophilic Interstitial pneumonia, alveolar
28 Canine Pneumocystis carinii pneumocyte hyperplasia, intra- material in alveoli. Organisms can histiocytosis and hypertrophy of Type II
alveolar histiocytosis and be demonstrated by GMS. pneumocytes
eosinophilic flocculent material
Marked mucosal hyperplasia,
Colon: Hyperplasia with
increased crypt height, crowding
29 Mouse citrobacter rodentium submucosal and mesenteric ddx: helicobacter
and decrease or absence of
subacute inflammation
goblet cells.
non-progressive pannecrosis of the
Nigropallidal Centaurea repens- knapweed, globus pallidus and substantia nigra.
8 30 Equine encephalomalacia/ Brain stem: Encephalomalacia Centaurea solstitialis- yellow star Sharply defined margins between living
russian knapweed thistle and necrotic tissues. Later lesions are
phagocytic

Plasma cell myeloma requires at

least two fo the following: 1)
Bone Marrow: Plasma cell neoplastic plasma cells (BM,
31 Equine Plasma cell myeloma
myeloma spleen, liver), 2) Monoclonal
gammopathy, 3) Osteolytic lesions
4) Bence-jones proteinuria

Adenoviral infection: degeneration and

Combined
Spleen, thymus: Lymphoid necrosis of epithelial cells of respiratory
32 Equine Immunodeficiency CID: autosomal recessive
hypoplasia tract, urinary tract, lacrinal, salivary and
Syndrome/ Adenovirus
pancreatic glands
Pancreas, ducts: Necrosis,
multifocal with hyperplasia,
periductal fibrosis and basophilic
intranuclear inclusions
Pancreas, acini: degranulation and
atrophy
Lung: pneumonia, necrotizing, with
33 Equine Aspergillus spp infarction and intralesional fungal
hyphae
 Lung: Alveolar septal
mineralization
Lung: Pleuritis, chronic, fibrosing
Mosquito borne- RNA virus
ddx: Toxins, Wesselbron disease, IBR,
(Phlebovirus; Bunyaviridae):
Liver: necrosis and hemorrhage, blue-green algae, parasitic migration,
9 34 Bovine Rift Valley Fever Young animals- focal hepatic
centrilobular, random, multifocal Salmonella, clostridium, Tyzzers,
necrosis, ecchymoses, abortion
Fusobacterium necrophorum
storms
C. felis has an intraerythrocytic
Lung, blood vessels, liver:
phase of 1.0-1.5 um ring forms
35 Feline Cytauxzoon felis Protozoal schizonts, intrahistiocytic
and a schizont stage within
with hemorrhage and edema
mononuclear phagocytic cells
Brain: Mencingoencephalitis,
necrotizing, with necrotizing
36 Sheep Acanthomoeba sp
vasculitis, protozoal trophozoites
and cysts

D. congolensis Is a keratinophilic
Haired skin: Epidermitis, actinomycete that causes
Dermatophilus
37 Equine hyperplastic, diffuse, severe, with epidermitis and dermatitis. Multiple
congolensis
intralesional filamentous bacteria rows of coccoid organisms which
develop into motile zoospores

dogs: uveitis, poliosis and vitiligo.

Prominent granulomatous uveitis,
Eye: Panuveitis, necrotizing,
pigment laden cells, retinal
granulomatous, chronic, with
detachment, and destruction of
10 38 Canine Panuveitis (VKH) retinal necrosis, cataracts, and
the RPE. Skin- lichenoid interface
vitreal hemorrhage and chronic
dermatitis, decreased or absent
keratitis
melanin in the epidermis and hair
follicles

late term abortions- neonatal

Liver: hepatitis, necrotizing,
39 Bovine Listeria monocytogenes septicemia (liver, viscera)-
random, with gram positive bacilli
Encephalitis/brainstem

Kidney: Glomerulonephritis,
mesangioproliferative, generalized
Borrelia burgdorferi and diffuse with proteinuria,
40 Canine
(Lyme disease) crescent formation, mineralization,
and secondary tubulointerstitial
nephritis, and tubular necrosis

Skeletal muscle: Degeneration and ddx: monensin, gossypol,

41 Bovine Cassia occidentalis necrosis, acute, diffuse, with coyotillo, metals, exertional
Sarcocysts myopathy, nutritional myopathy

immunocompetence occurs
Esophagus: Esophagitis,
11 42 Bovine BVDv between 150-200 days; PI occurs
ulcerative, multifocal moderate
with infection before 150 days
 Colon: colitis, necrotizing,
subacute, diffuse, moderate with fetal defects 100-150 days
crypt abscesses

Haired skin: dermatitis, necrotizing,

subacute, focally extensive, with
Capripox genus: goatpox, Poxviruses with hyperplastic and
epidermal hyperplasia, balooning
sheeppox, and bovine lumpy skin neoplastic lesions- Shope fibroma virus
degeneration, and
43 Goat Goatpox (Capripox) disease: Severe systemic disease of Rabbits, Squirrel fibroma, Yabapox in
microvesiculation, vasculitis, and
also occurs with monkeypox, monkeys, myxomatosis of European
eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
fowlpox, and ectromelia rabbits and Molluscum contagiosum
inclusions in epidermal and
mesenchymal cells

Mycotoxin from Pithomyces

Liver: fibrosis, portal and bridging, chartarum- causes facial eczema
ddx: Lantana camara (hepatocellular
diffuse with bile duct proliferation, (New Zealand). Primary hepatic
44 Bovine Sporidesmin toxicity megalocytosis), aflatoxicosis ,
biliary stasis and random lesion is necrotizing cholangitis,
pyrrolizidine alkaloids (megalocytosis).
hepatocellular necrosis multifocal necrosis and bile
pooling
Spinal cord: Poliomyelomalacia, severe microcavitation, endothelial cell
Selenium toxicity bilaterally symmetrical, focally cervical and lumbar spinal cord, proliferation, neuronal degeneration and
45 Porcine
poliomyelomalacia extensive, moderate, with ventral horns, brain. necrosis, cytoplasmic eosinophilia and
endothelial proliferation chromatolysis
comparative selenium toxicosis-
congestive and enteric disease-
ddx: 6-aminonicotinamide
hemorrhagic enteritis and proctatitis,
(antimetabolite of niacin)
hepatitis, renal tubular necrosis- death by
respiratory and cardiac failure
Heart: Myocarditis, necrotizing, most animals develop myocardial
encephalomyocarditis
12 46 Baboon subacute, multifocal, with lesions, encephalitis in mice and
virus (Picornaviridae)
myocardial mineralization owl monkeys
Lung: Pneumonia,
Pseudotuberculosis, with possible
Corynebacterium necrosuppurative, multifocal to
47 Rat pleuritis, pericarditis, hepatitis, and resemble "chinese letters"
kutscheri coalescing, severe with large
nephritis
bacterial colonies

Liver: Myriads of 2-6 um budding yeast, thick cell

48 Owl Monkey Blastomyces dermatiditis intrahepatocellular, intrahistiocytic walls, central basophilic
and extracellular yeast structures, broad based buds.

respiratory epithelium is usually denuded

Lung: Bronchiolitis and
or attenuated, the wall of the lung mite
parabronchiolitis, eosinophilic and
Pneumonyssus spp Gross lesions- multifocal gray cyst consists of lymphocytes, plasma
49 Macaque granulomatous, chronic with
(simicola) nodules cells, eosinophils, and pigmented
bronchiectasis, and intraluminal
macrophages. Pigmented macrophages
arthropods
contain anisotropic spicules

Kidney: Nephritis, interstitial, IgM mesangial nephropathy of

Chronic Interstitial chronic, diffuse, with marked callithricids/ or mild glomerular
13 50 Marmoset
Nephritis fibrosis and multifocal changes secondary to interstitial
mineralization nephritis
 Theileria- tick transmitted parasitic
protozoa- results in thrombosis
Cerebrum: Encephalomalacia,
and infarction: Diagnosis is based
multifocal, severe, vasculitis,
51 Zebu Theileria on presence of large numbers of ddx: Lymphoblastic leukemia
thrombosis, and intravascular
schizonts, loose or within
lymphoblasts containing protozoa
lymphoblasts in smears from
thrombosed vessels

Gallbladder: Cholecystitis,
eosinophilic diffuse with
Canine Distemper/
52 Racoon intraepithelial eosinophilic
Cryptosporidiosis
cytoplasmic inclusions; and
mucosal protozoa
Gentamicin primarily affects
Kidney: tubular necrosis, acute, proximal convoluted tubules-->
53 Canine Gentamicin toxicity diffuse with regeneration and hyaline droplet degeneration with
mineralization loss of brush border and dilated
lumina to necrosis.
Accumulation of abnormal lipid is
Similar to gangliosidosis (GM1-
Solanum fastigiatum Cerebellum, Purkinje cells: the primary histologic change;
14 54 Bovine galactocerebrosidase or GM2,3-
toxicosis Degeneration and loss, diffuse axonal spheroids in the granular
hexosaminidase deficiency)
layer
Kidney: lgomerulonephritis,
mesangioproliferative with
Glomerulonephritis/
55 Canine crescents, interstitial nephritis,
Ethylene glycol
nephrocalcinosis and oxalate
deposition
Proventriculus: Granulomas,
multiple, transmural with peritoneal
56 Heron Eustrongylidiasis Common in herons and egrets
fibrosis and intralesional
nematodes
ddx: Adenovirus in chickens;
Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing, herpesvirus in parrots, pigeons,
57 Owl Owl Herpesvirus multifocal, with hepatocellular owls and hawks and ducks;
eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions parvovirus in geese; papovavirus
in budgerigars
Liver: hepatitis, necrotizing with
Hepatitis, unclassified
15 58 Marmoset vacuolar change and acidophilic
virus
bodies
Kidney: Glomerular necrosis and
Cystic lesions in glomerular tufts due to
thrombosis, segmental to global,
mesangiolysis: glomerulonephritis, sublethal endothelial damage followed
Mesangiolysis, generalized with mesangiolysis,
59 Canine diabetes, ischemia, chemical by segmental balooning of capillary loops
Envenomation mild tubular degeneration, necrosis
toxins, and eventually formation of hemorrhagic
and mineralization with hyalin
cysts,
casts
Spinal cord: Axonal degeneration,
60 Goat copper deficiency multifocal with swollen myelin
sheaths
 Heart: Necrotizing arteritis and
61 Avian Papovavirus periarteritis with necrotizing necrosis of the tunica media
myocarditis
Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
Glasser's disease
16 62 Porcine suppurative with fibrinosuppurative
(Haemophilus parasuis)
pleuritis
Brain: Meningitis, suppurative
Pericardium: Pericarditis
Spleen: Hyperplasia,
Avian Adenovirus II/
reticuloendothelial, diffuse, severe
63 Turkery Hemorrhagic enteritis/
with basophilic intranuclear
marble spleen disease
inclusions
Colon: colitis, necrotizing, with
64 Bovine Coronavirus
crypt epithelial hyperplasia
Lung: Bronchopneumoniam
granulomatous with emphysema
65 Porcine Pneumonia, foreign body
and intralesional granular bi-
refringent particles

Small Intestine: Enteritis,

ddx: E coli, Yersinia,
17 66 Macaque Shigella flexneri fibrinosuppurative, necrotizing with
Campylobacter, Salmonella
villosu loss and crypt abscesses

67 Rat Cholangiocarcinoma Liver: Cholangiocarcinoma

Heart: Pericarditis,
fibrinosuppurative (with myofiber Myofiber changes were
68 Chimp Haemophilus influenzae similar to Haemoophilus parasuis
degeneration, swelling and considered separate
vacuolation)
Submaxillary salivary gland:
Sialoadenitis, lymphocytic with ddx: Polyoma virus (intranuclear)
69 Mouse Cytomegalovirus acinar and ductal epithelial reovirus, experimental infection
cytomegaly and intranuclear and with sialodacryoadenitis virus
intracytoplasmic inclusions
Rabbit Hemorrhagic
18 70 Rabbit Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing, diffuse
Disease (Calicivirus)
Thyroid hyperplasia Thyroid gland: follicular
71 Minnows
(goiter) hyperplasia, diffuse (goiter)

Feather: Pulpitis, subacute, diffuse

Psittacine Beak and with follicular epithelial necrosis
72 Cockatoos Feather Disease and epithelial intranuclear and
(Circovirus) histiocytic intracytoplasmic
inclusions
Skeletal muscle: Myopathy
Muscular dystrophy characterized by hypertrophy,
73 Feline Duchenne, X linked
(dystrophin deficiency) necrosis, regeneration, myocyte
splitting and fibrosis
Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial, with
Simian
intra-alveolar syncytial giant cells/ ddx mycobacterial pnuemonia;
19 74 Macaque Immunodeficiency Virus/
and intraalveolar flocculent giant cell pneumonia (measles)
Pneumocystis carinii
material
 1) relatively large neoplasm (larger
than any oncocytoma), 2)
75 Rat renal carcinoma Kidney: renal cell carcinoma cytoplasmic granules not as
intensely eosinophilic, 3) High
mitotic rate, 4) nuclei varied in size

Lung: Bronchitis/ bronchiolitis,

76 Guiniea pig Adenovirus necrotizing with intranuclear ddx cytomegalovirus
inclusion bodies
Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial with
vasculitis, fibrin exudation, and
hyaline membrane
proliferation of spindle cells makes
Maxillary mass: Ameloblastic
77 Guinea pig Ameloblastic odontoma this more an ameloblastic fibro-
odontoma
odontoma
cytoplasmic vacuolation followed
by necrosis suggests toxic
Kindey: Proximal tubular
20 78 Hamster Cadmium toxicity necrosis, whereas patchy
degeneration and necrosis
coagulative necrosis is
characteristic of ischemia
Lung: Bronchus associated
CAR bacillus and
79 Rat lymphoid tissue: Hyperplasia with
Mycoplasma pulmonis
cilia-associated bacteria

Thickened hyalinized glomerular

and cortical tubular basement
membranes, dilatation of cortical
tubules by homogenous
eosinophilic proteinaceous casts,
Chronic progressive
80 Rat Kidney: Nephropathy regenerative tubules with cuboidal
Nephropathy
basophilic epithelium, glomerular
adhesions. Increased mesangial
density and interstitial
accumulations of mononuclear
inflammatory cells

Lung: Bronchopneumonia,
81 Mouse Aspiration pneumonia pyogranulomatous, multifocal to
coalescing with plant material.
Malignant round cell Duodenum: malignant round cell
21 82 Feline "gobule leukocyte tumor"
tumor with granules tumor with eosinophilic granules
Spleen, red pulp and cords of
Simian Hemorrhagic
83 Rhesus Bilroth: Necrosis and fibrin
Fever
deposition
Spleen: White pulp- Necrosis,
diffuse with marginal zone
hemorrhage
Lung: Pneumonia, interstitial, extrapulmonary lesions-
Caprine Arthritis- subacute, with marked type II Secondary suppurative leukoencephalomyelitis, chronic
84 Goat
Encephalitis virus pneumocyte hyperplasia and BALT bronchopneumonia proliferative arthritis, and carpal
hyperplasia hygromas, lymphocytic mastitis
 Bone Marrow: Myeloproliferative
Myeloproliferative
85 Canine disease with myelofibrosis and
disease
osteomyelosclerosis

Spleen: myeloproliferative disease

Hypertrophic
Bone Metaphysis: Osteomyelitis
Osteodystrophy
22 86 Canine and vasculitis, necrosuppurative
(Metaphyseal
with trabecular microfractures
Osteopathy)

The costochondal junction is

widened with irregular
Rib: Osteodystrophy with mineralization of the hypertrophic
metaphyseal infraction, osteoblast zone and the primary spongiosa
Vitamin C deficiency, atrophy and osteonecrosis with has widened elongated cartilage
87 Macaque
Osteodystrophy medullary fibrosis, periosteal cores that are lined by a thin rim of
hemorrhage, and cambial amorphous and amphophilic bone
hyperplasia (scorbutic lattice). A few immature
bone spicules have microfractures
and fibrosis around fracture sites

IN dog and horse: the lesions develop

earlier is association with metaphyseal
Bone: Multiple cartilaginous Partially ossified protuberances of growth plates with confluent bone
Multiple cartilaginous
88 Feline exostoses/ Feline cartilage and bone usually arising marrow; In Cats- tumors occur in young
exostoses
Osteochonrdromatosis (FelV) from bone of endochondral origin. adults, often involve the skull, seldom
involve the long bones and typically do
not develop near osteochondral junctions

Stifle: Osteoarthrosis, moderate

with articular cartilage fibrillation,
89 Guinea pig Osteoarthritis
clefts, erosion, and chondrones
and by periarticular osteophytes
Cerebrum, glia and neurons:
Swelling, vacuolation, and
23 90 Feline GM2 gangliosidosis Hexosaminidase deficiency
degeneration, diffuse, moderate
with axonal degeneration

Adenocarcinoma,
91 Frog Herpesvirus/ Kidney: adenocarcinoma, papillary Lucke's herpesvirus
Microsporidial oophoritis

Ovary: Oophoritis,
xenoma- Glugea and
granulomatouswith follicular
Pleistophora, Microsporidium
rupture and intrahistiocytic
schuetzi
microscporidia
Ovarian follicle: Hypertrophy, cystic
with myriads of microsporidian
parasites
 Acetominophen --> P450 -->
cats lack the specific glucuronyl
Liver: Necrosis, centrilobular, active metabolite --> glutathione
92 Canine Acetominophen toxicity transferase to conjugate the reactive
diffuse transferase conjugation --> Non-
metabolite
toxic
Lung: Pneumonia,
Mycobacterium pyogranulomatous, multifocal with
93 Canine
tuberculosis acid fast bacilli, andgranulomatous
pleuritis

Liver: necrosis, multifocal to

Herpes B is indigenous to
coalescing with hepatocellular
24 94 Patas Monkey Herpesvirus B (simiae) Macaques- clinical infection is
syncytia and eosinophilic to
lingual abd labial vesicles
amphophilic intranuclear inclusions
grossly: white opaque firm coating over the endocardial surface. They are
Endocardial
95 Rat Heart: Endocardial schwannoma malignant neoplasms which are locally invasive. May arise from intracardiac
schwannoma
branches of the vagus nerve. S-100 positive.
Blastemal, epithelial, and stromal
96 Rat Nephroblastoma Kidney: Nephroblastoma
elements
Small Intestine: Enteritis,
Yersinia
97 Goat necrotizing with coccobacilli with
pseudotuberculosis
proliferation
Liver: Cirrhosis with multifocal
portal to random subacute
Cirrhosis/ Copper
25 98 Canine hepatitis, hepatocellular necrosis copper toxicosis
toxicosis
and hepatocellular cytoplasmic
pigment granules

Lymphoplasmacytic Central Pawpad: Pododermatitis,

99 Feline
pododermatitis ulcerative, lymphoplasmacytic

Trilaminar morphology- peripheral

dense fibrous tissue, surrounding
Multilobular Mass from calvarium and lung: a myxomatous layer with
100 Canine ddx: Multilobular osteoma/chondroma
osteochrondrosarcoma Multilobular osteochonrdosarcoma polyhedral mesenchymal cells
(cambium layer), and a central
chondro-osseous tissue.

Extraocular skeletal muscle: retractor bulbi was not involved/

101 Canine Polymyositis
Myositis, lymphohistiocytic immune mediated
Placenta: Placentitis,
26 102 sheep Coxiella burnetti necrohemorrhagic with acute
vasculitis
Placenta, chorion: chorionitis,
103 Equine Nocardia sp necrosuppurative with gram
positive filamentous bacteria
104 Panda Lymphosarcoma Lymph nodes: Lymphosarcoma
 vacuolation of endometrial surface
epithelium, uterine lumen consists
Subinvolution of Uterus: Involution, incomplete with of mixture of amorphous
105 Canine
Placental Sites hemorrhage eosinophilic material, tissue debris
and endometrium attempting
regeneration

Cerebrum: Encephalomeningitis,
nonsuppurative, diffuse, mild, with
27 106 Equine Borna Disease
neuronal eosinophilic intranuclear
inclusion bodies

Lung, pleura: Pleuritis,

Streptococcus
107 Equine fibrinosuppurative, chronic diffuse
zooepidemicus
with mixed bacterial colonies

Lung: Bronchitis/bronchiolitis,
Equine Herpes-4- necrotizing, acute, multifocal with
EHV-1--> abortions and vasculitis,
108 Equine Equine multifocal interstitial pnuemonia
encephalitis
Rhinopneumonitis and eosinophilic intranuclear
inclusions

Kidney: Nephritis, granulomatous

109 Equine Halicephalobus deletrix and eosinophilic with larval and
adult rhabditid nematodes

Brachyspira Colon: colitis, necrosuppurative, Goblet cell depletion in colonic

28 110 Porcine hyodysenteriae/ with mild epithelial hyperplasia and crypts with dilation fo crypts with
Balantidium intraluminal protozoa mucus
Cerebrum: Meningoencephalitis,
111 Canine Bunyavirus LaCrosse virus of California
necrotizing, nonsuppurative
Teat, epidermis: Multifocal
hyperplastic dermatitis with Cowpox, vaccinia and
112 Bovine Poxvirus hydropic degeneration of the pseudocowpox have predilection
epidermis and intracytoplasmic for teats and udders.
inclusions
Small intestine: Enteritis,
The organisms are usually found
Neorickettsia necrotizing, diffuse, with villous
113 Canine in macrophages in GI, LN and
helminthoeca atrophy, blunting and fusion and
spleen
crypt hyperplasia
Lymph node: Lymphoid depletion,
hemorrhage and edema with sinus
histiocytosis
Bacterial Kidney Disease-
Liver, heart, spleen, kidney:
Renibacterium exophthalmos, skin darkening,
29 114 Salmon Necrogranulomatous inflammation
Salmonarium hemorrhage, cutaneous vesicles,
with phagocytized coccobacilli
granulomas in organs,

Malignant histiocytosis/ Lung: Malignant histiocytosis/

115 Canine
histiocytic sarcoma disseminated histiocytic sarcoma
 Liver: Hepatitis, portal,
granulomatous and eosinophilic
116 Monkey Schistosomiasis
with schistosome eggs, vasculitis
and thrombosis
Lymph node: Lymphadenitis,
granulomatous and eosinophilic
Mesenteric arteriies: Vasculitis,
eosinophilic
Kidney: Glomerular thrombosis
Aeomonas hydrophila red-leg disease in frogs, ulcerative Oxalate crystals are common incidental
117 Frog and necrosis, multifocal with
septicemia stomatitis in snakes finding in renal tubules of frogs
tubular ectasia and degeneration
30 118 Raccoon Sarcocystosis N/A
Lymphomatois
119 Canine N/A
granulomatosis
Malignant Catarrhal
120 Bovine N/A
Fever
Malignant Catarrhal
121 Bovine N/A
Fever