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89911791 VẬT LIỆU POLYMER DẪN ĐIỆN PDF
89911791 VẬT LIỆU POLYMER DẪN ĐIỆN PDF
LI M U
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n 106S/cm. Khong cch gia hai tr s 10-18 v 106 l 1 triu t t ln. PA sau khi c
dopant vi ion iodine (I3)- c dn in khong 105S/cm, l mt polymer c dn
in cao nht trong cc polymer dn in. Khi c ko dn, PA c th t n 106S/cm
gn n tr s ca ng. Tic rng, PA khng c gi tr cho nhng p dng thc tin bi
v PA b oxt ho trong khng kh. Thm ch trong chn khng PA cng t suy thoi (self
degradation). Oxt ho v s suy thoi a n vic gim dn in. Mt vt liu khng
c tnh bn i vi mi trng xung quanh (environmental stability) kh c th tr thnh
nhng vt liu hu ch mang tnh thc dng.
Sau mt nm lm vic vi MacDiarmid v Heeger, Shirakawa tr li Nht Bn ging
dy v nghin cu ti i hc Tsukuba. ng tip tc nghin cu PA cho n khi v hu.
MacDiarmid v Heeger t trng tm nghin cu vo polyaniline (PAn). Ngoi ra,
polypyrrole (PPy) v polythiophene (PT) l hai loi polymer quan trng khc c kho
st c h thng trong 30 nm qua. Tht ra, PPy dn in c mt nhm nghin cu
ti c (CSIRO) pht hin vo nm 1963. PPy ca nhm ny trn ln vi iodine trong qu
trnh tng hp, cho ra mt hn hp c dn in 1S/cm. H khng ngh c khi nim
dopant m trong iodine l nguyn nhn ca s dn in. Tic thay, h vit 3 bi bo
co ng trn Australian Journal of Chemistry ri nh ch cng vic v ng l cht tp
khng quan trng. PAn, PPy v PT l nhng polymer c bn tt hn PA nn c th
dng trong nhng p dng thc tin. dn in ca cc polymer ny khng cao nh PA,
ty iu kin tng hp dn in c th iu chnh trong khong 0,1S/cm n
1000S/cm.
Vi s khm ph v nhng ng gp cho pht trin polymer dn in, nm 2000 Hn
Lm Vin Khoa Hc Thy in trao gii Nobel Ho Hc cho cc gio s Shirakawa
Hideki, Alan MacDiarmid v Alan Heeger.
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C CH DN IN CA POLYMER DN
hiu r hn v c ch dn in ca vt liu polymer dn ta s tm hiu v c
ch dn in ca kim loi v dung dch in ly.
Bn cht dng in trong kim loi
Trong kim loi lun tn ti cc electron t do mang in tch m. Khi c in trng
chy qua mt on dy dn th di tc dng ca lc in trng, cc electron s chuyn
ng (ngc chiu in trng) thnh dng to nn dng in.Vy dng in trong kim
loi l dng cc electron t do chuyn di c hng di tc dng ca in trng.
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Trong PA, do s lai ha gia 1 obital s v 2 obital p (= 3 obital lai ha sp2) cho ra 3
lin kt (1 ni C H, 2 ni C C) v 1 lin kt do ca obital pz ca hai nguyn t k
nhau to thnh.
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Ni mt cch chnh xc hn, trong qu trnh tip xc gia PA v iodine, iodine nhn
1 in t trong 2 in t ca lin kt t PA tr thnh anion (I3)-, to ra 1 l trng mang
in tch dng (+) v 1 in t cn li (k hiu ) trn mch PA. L trng (+) v in
t () xut hin trn mch PA gi l polaron trong vt l. Mt cp polaron (+ +) l
bipolaron. Quang ph hc (spectroscopy) xc nhn rng khi c mt dng in c p
t vo polymer dn in, polaron v bipolaron di ng gia hai in p khc nhau. Ni
mt cch khc, tng t nh in t t do trong kim loi, polaron v bipolaron l ht ti
in cho s truyn in trong polymer dn in.
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MT S NG DNG CA POLYMER
DN IN
Polymer dn c lin kt lin hp trong h cho thy nhng tnh cht c trng
nh nng lng chuyn in t thp, in th ion ho thp v c i lc in t cao. Nhiu
kt qu nghin cu tnh cht cu hnh ca ca in t cho thy cc cu hnh ny c th b
oxy ho hoc kh d dng, mt vi polymer dn c pht trin c th ng dng
vo trong thng mi v d nh lm nguyn liu cho pin, thit b mt in t, cc cm
bin sinh hc
5.1. ng dng ca polymer dn trong d tr nng lng.
Ta thy rng mt s polymer dn tn ti nhiu dng khc nhau tu thuc vo
mc oxy ho ca chng v loi vt liu dopant v in p ngoi nht nh. Do n
c th tn ti dng oxy ha cao nht v nu n tn ti bn vng trng thi ny th ta
c th chn n lm vt liu cho c qui. Khi s dng ta c th s dng n nh vt liu
catt.
Khi phng in th n chuyn dn t dng oxy ho sang dng kh v khi np y th
n li chuyn dn t dng kh sang dng oxy ho cao nht. Yu cu i vi loi mng
ny l c tnh thun nghch phi cao th n s cho s chu k phng np ln v iu ny
nh hng n tui th ca c qui.
5.2. Lm it.
Ta bit rng thit b chnh lu l thnh phn chnh v c bn ca mch in t. T
khi polymer dn in c pht hin ra n c ng dng vo lm cht bn dn v c
khong cm hp c nghin cu c th ng dng nghin cu polymer dn.
Phng php c bn thay i dn in ca bn dn l la chn tnh cht vt
tri chim u th c khng ch bi phu gia v n cho php to ra bn dn loi N hoc
loi P v s ph thuc v khng gian, mc nng lng c gi cn bng mc d tn ti
trng in t cao.
GVHD: TS. L MINH C
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Au
Au
SiO2-insulate
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KT LUN
Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin vt bc ca khoa hc k thut, nhm p ng
cho nhu cu ngy a dng v mi mt con ngi to ra c cc loi vt liu tin tin,
thng minh. Trong vt liu polymer dn in l mt sn phm in hnh. So vi cc
loi vt liu dn in truyn thng polymer dn in c nhiu tnh cht u vit hn c
bit l tnh thn thin vi mi trng. Tuy nhin trong thc t th polymer dn in ch
c s dng cho mt s ng dng ch khng c s dng rng ri trong i sng hng
ngy. S d tn ti nghch l ny l bi v vt polymer dn in l vt liu mi c
khm ph, th hai l do qu trnh tng hp kh phc tp. Chnh v iu ny yu cu t ra
l phi tm ra cc phng php tng hp cc loi hp cht dn in n gin nht. Hy
vng trong tng lai khng xa polymer dn s l vt liu dn in chnh thay th cho cc
kim loi dn din truyn thng ang ngy cng cn kit do s khai thc qu mc ca con
ngi.
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1. TS. Trng Vn Tn. Chuyn gia cao cp Vin nghin cu cng ngh v Quc
phng c. in t v v polymer dn in.
2. TS. Trng Vn Tn. Chuyn gia cao cp Vin nghin cu cng ngh v Quc
phng c. Polymer dn in v nhng p dng thc tin.
3. TS. L Minh c. i hc Bch khoa Nng. Tng hp vt liu nano composite
dng v - li trn c s polymer dn in polypyrrole. TP CH KHOA HC
V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(28).2008.
4. http://phanminhchanh.info/home/modules.php?name=News&op=viewst&sid=194
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5. http://www.nsl.hcmus.edu.vn/greenstone/collect/tiensifu/archives/HASH96d3.dir/5
.pdf
6. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927796X00000292&usg=__8
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