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01 Introduction To Six Sigma
01 Introduction To Six Sigma
01 Introduction To Six Sigma
Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects in an
A Philosophy
A Metric
A Methodology
Managers at operations level can use Six Sigma to improve yield and reduce the labou
At the process level engineers can use Six Sigma to reduce defects and variation and
STRUCTURED METHODOLOGY
This is accomplished through the use of two Six Sigma sub-methodologies: DMAIC and
The Six Sigma DMAIC process (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) is an im
DMAIC
Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables
Measure the process to determine current performance
Analyze and determine the root cause(s) of the defects
Improve the process by eliminating defects
Control future process performance
The Six Sigma DMADV process (define, measure, analyze, design, verify) is an imp
DMADV
Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables
Measure and determine customer needs and specifications
SIGMA LEVEL
The Term Sigma () is used to designate the distribution or spread about the mean (average
The Sigma Capability (Z-Value) is a metric that indicates how well that process is performing.
A process at Three Sigma level is expected to produce 99.73% observations within the specifi
when there is no shift of process mean from the target value.
Average
Excellent
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Probablility of Probability of
a Defect
a Success
500000
50.00000%
50.00000%
308538
30.85380%
69.14620%
158655
15.86550%
84.13450%
66807
6.68070%
93.31930%
22750
2.27500%
97.72500%
6210
0.62100%
99.37900%
1350
0.13500%
99.86500%
233
0.02330%
99.97670%
32
0.00320%
99.99680%
3.4
0.00034%
99.99966%
DPMO
Topic
Improvement
Justification
Main Savings
Learning
Project Selection
Project Length
Driver
Complexity
Six Sigma
Reduce variation
Six sigma (3.4 DPMO)
Cost of poor quality
Curve
Various approaches
2 - 6 months
Data
High
Lean
Reduce waste
Speed (velocity)
Operating costs
Long Short
Value stream mapping
1 Week - 3 months
Demand
Moderate
minating defects in any process from manufacturing to transactional and from product to service.
ts and variation and improve process capability leading to better customer satisfaction
ove, control) is an improvement system for existing processes and looking for incremental improve
in existence at your company but is not meeting customer specification or is not performing adequately.
gn, verify) is an improvement system used to develop new processes or products at Six Sigma qual
ds to be developed
either DMAIC or not) and still doesn't meet the level of customer specification or six sigma level
Percent Inside
Specifications
68.27%
95.45%
99.73%
99.9937%
99.9999430%
99.9999998%
ppmdefective
317311
45500
2700
63
0.57
0.002
duct to service.
mer satisfaction
performing adequately.
x sigma level
onformance,
ppmdefective
697672
308770
66811
6210
233
3.4
44.26%
21.64%
9.29%
3.75%
1.46%