C bn v Ci t phn mm trn Linux

Mt vi cch th n gin nh ci t t cc file .EXE trn Windows. Hu ht cc HH Linux

cng c cng c qun l, ci t, g b phn mm nh Add or Remove Programs trong
Windows. V d, trong Ubuntu, nu PC ca c ni mng th bn c th download v ci t ng
dng t ng thng qua cng c Synaptic Package Manager giao din GUI hoc s dng dng
lnh apt-get trong Terminal ...
C nhiu cch khc nhau ci t phn mm, ng dng trn Linux. 1 vi trong s th kh
phc tp (), 1 vi cch th n gin nh ci t t cc file .EXE trn Windows.
Hu ht cc HDH Linux cng c cng c qun l, ci t, g b phn mm nh Add or Remove
Programs trong Windows. V d, trong Ubuntu, nu PC ca c ni mng th bn c th
download v ci t ng dng t ng thng qua cng c Synaptic Package Manager (giao din
GUI) hoc s dng dng lnh apt-get trong Terminal ...
File ci t cho ng dng trn Linux thng c phn m rng nh .deb, .rpm, .bin, .tar, tar.gz,
INSTALL, .sh . Mi loi file ci t ny c 1 cch thc thc thi ci t ring.
Hng dn chung di y p dng cho Ubuntu
1/ Ci t cc file .deb
File ny rt d ci, bn ch cn click p vo file v trnh ci t phn mm trn h thng t m,
click Install Package v ch qu trnh ci t hon tt.

Ch : 1 s phn mm yu cu my phi ci sn 1 s Dependency, nu khng cc

Dependency lc ci t s bo li. gii quyt vn Dependency vi file .deb nhanh gn c
th s dng gi Gdebi
y l mt ng dng c giao din ngi dng, n cho php bn ci t cc gi .deb dowload
sn v nm trn HDD, cn cc Dependency phi kt ni Internet Gdebi t tm v download
gip bn. Gdebi cng c th chy trong ch non-GUI bng cch chuyn ti folder cha file
.deb v g sudo gdebi package_name.deb ti nhc lnh v vn c kh nng gii quyt
cc dependency.
2/ Ci t cc file .rpm
Bn nn s dng gi Alien chuyn t .rpm sang .deb cho d ci t
- m Terminal ln, g vo sudo apt-get install alien download v ci t gi
Alien thng qua tin ch qun l gi APT

G vo Password ng vi User bn ang Logon. G y ng ci t gi Alien

- Sau khi ci xong Alien, bn move file .rpm ti Desktop ri m Terminal, g cd Desktop

- By gi, g sudo alien -k filename.rpm convert t file .rpm -> .deb. Sau bn
ci file .deb nh trn

3/ Ci t file .bin
Download v save file .bin ti Desktop. M Terminal v g cd Desktop
- G tip sudo chmod +x filename.bin
- G ./filename.bin
sau chng trnh s ci trong Terminal!
Ci t phn mm t Tarball
Mt tarball (thng l cc file .tar , .tar.gz , .tgz , .tar.bz2 , .tbz2 ) gm c m ngun cho chng
trnh m bn phi t bin dch, trnh bin dch (compile) nh GCC... th thng c sn trong
Linux . Cc bc ci t Tarball v c bn nh sau
1/ Bung tarball
Vi nhng ngi cn mi vi Linux th tarball l mt thut ng c s dng chung nhm m
ch mt file c cha cc file khc. N gn ging nh mt file nn ZIP hoc RAR trong Windows,
ngoi tr chng trnh tar khng nn cc file
. Tar lm vic vi mt chng trnh nn nh gzip nn cc file, y l l do ti sao bn thy hai
ui m rng (.tar v .gz). Cc ui m rng ny i khi cn c vit tt l .tgz
Tuy nhin khng cn phi chy hai chng trnh ring bit bung cc file m chng ta ch cn
lnh cho tar chy cc file thng qua gzip gii nn. Bn c th s dng tin ch ha bung
cc file ny bng cch kch p vo tarball t b qun l file ca mnh, hoc c th thc hin
iu bng dng lnh:

$ tar zxvf file.tar.gz hoc

$ tar zxf file.tar.gz
$ tar zxf file.tgz
$ tar jxf file.tar.bz2
$ tar jxf file.tbz2
Cc ty chn chng ta cung cp cho tar c m t bn di:
-z lnh cho tar chy file ny thng qua gzip gii nn (s dng j cho cc file bzip)
-x bung cc file
-v cho verbose, chng ta c th thy danh sch cc file ang bung
-f lnh cho tar rng chng ta ang lm vic vi mt file
2/ Configure
Khi cc file c bung ra, m mt command terminal v vo th mc ni cc file c gii nn
trong . Trc khi bin dch, chng ta cn chy kch bn cu hnh. Cng vic ca kch bn cu
hnh l kim tra h thng ca bn v tt c nhng g phn mm cn thit bin dch chng
trnh t m ngun thnh chng trnh nh phn c th s dng c. N s tm kim nhng th
nh phin bn GCC v cc cng c cn thit khc xy dng phn mm. Khi bn nm trong
th mc vi tt c cc file c bung t tarball (s dng lnh cd change directory), hy
nh vo ./configure
Nu tt c u din ra tt p, lnh trn s kim tra mt lot cc phn khc nhau ca h thng
bn, sau a bn tr li dng lnh nh bn di:
Vn gy ra li chung nht trong bc ny l mt dependency. Hy quan st bt c li no m
bn gp phi xc nh xem gi phn mm no b thiu.
3/ Make
y l phn ct li ca qu trnh ni chng ta bin dch m ngun thnh mt chng trnh c
kh nng chy. y l bc n gin nht, ch yu cu mt lnh n gin. Nu bc cu hnh
hon tt m khng c li, bn ch cn nh vo make
i vi cc chng trnh ln, bc ny c th mt n vi pht. Khi qu trnh kt thc, bn s
c a quay tr li shell nhc lnh

Chng trnh ca bn lc ny hon ton sn sng cho s dng. Mc d vy bn vn nn chy

thm mt bc na chng trnh c th c ci t hon ton vo ng location v c th
chy t bt c u.
4/ Make install
Tt c nhng g cn thit lc ny l copy chng trnh va c bin dch vo cc th mc h
thng nh /usr/bin c th chy t bt c th mc no m khng cn ch nh ng dn n
cc file. Do n s copy n mt th mc bn ngoi th mc ch nn bn c th cn n cc c
quyn root. Nu bc ny c hon tt m khng c li, bn hy chy sudo make install
copy cc file. n y, bn hon thnh xong phn vic ca mnh. Chng trnh mi ca bn
c th c s dng ging nh bt c chng trnh no ang chy khc.
* Cc mo
- Bn c th bin dch t m ngun nhiu ln (nht l vi nhng ngi mun s dng cc
chng trnh mi nht) nn lm cho qu trnh bin dch d dng hn, bn hy m file
.bashrc ca mnh t th mc ch v b sung thm cc alias di y vo phn cui ca n:
alias ungz="tar -zxvf" alias unbz="tar -jxvf" alias
cmi="./configure && make && sudo make install"
- Xem thm phn Read INSTALL / README file i km tarball nu gi phi c build v
install theo cch ring
$ vi INSTALL (hoc Readme)
(Vim l Text Editor, trn Ubuntu thay bng gedit, nano, )
- g b phn mm khi h thng bn chuyn ti folder cha source ca phn mm bn
download v v g $ make uninstall
(Theo: Th Gii Mng)