INTRODUCTION TO CONVECTION

6.2

Objective : determine convective coefficient h

CONVECTION COEFFICIENT
=
qconv

free stream
T

q =

= h (Ts T )
qconv

function of
a location

conv

=
A

A



A (Ts T ) = h A ( Ts T )

dAs

h dA

averaged
convective
coefficient

h =

total heat rate

free stream
T

= h (Ts T )
qconv

q = h (Ts T ) A

flat plate

Ts = const

VELOCITY

THERMAL

BOUNDARY LAYER

BOUNDARY LAYER

velocity
profile

free
stream

velocity
boundary
layer

hL =

temperature
profile

thermal
boundary
layer

u = 0.99u

h dx

convective
coefficient
for flat plate

free
stream

averaged

6.1

(Ts T ) h dA

h dA

u
Ts = const

dA = h (Ts T )dA =

local convective
h=
coefficient

Ts T
= 0.99
Ts T




T

( x)

qs

t ( x )

conductivity
of fluid k f

flat plate

friction
coefficient

Cf =

s =

shear
stress

u 2

kg

dynamic
viscosity

surface

N s

= 2
m
sm

u
y

local convective coefficient:

qs local heat flux

T
k f
y

BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATIONS

6.3 6.4

Rex =
v

La min ar

Transition

k f



y =0

m2

kinematic
viscosity

= h (Ts T )

h =

y =0

u x
u x
=

Reynolds
Number

Turbulent
The Convection Equations ( Appendix D 1 5 )

u
Boundar Layer Approximations ( 6.25 ) :

2u
2u
<< 2
x 2
y

6.5

xc

Recr =

u xc

= 5 10 5

PARAMETERS

Reynolds

ReL =

VL

Boundary Layer Equations (dinesionless)

( flat plate )

p
u = f x , y ,ReL ,
x

Pr =

p
T = f x , y ,ReL ,Pr,
x

Nusselt

Nu =

hL
k

Nu = f ( x ,ReL ,Pr )

hL
k

____

Nu =

2T
2T
<< 2
x 2
y

Boundary Layer Equations (Laminar)

Prandtl

____


x
Ts

Nu = f ( ReL ,Pr )

(6.26 6.30 )
( 6.35 6.36 )

T
y

y =0

Ts T

dimensionless
variables ( 6.31 33 ) :

x =

x
L

y =

y
L

u =

u
V

v =

v
V

T =

T Ts
T Ts

Boundary Layer Analogy:

the systems with the same parameters
have the same heat convection coefficients

Convective coefficient h
will be determined from Nu:
h=

Nu k
L

Ludwig Prandtl ( 1875 1953 )