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execution, they approve of death by firing squad and by lethal injection, but they
disapprove of death by hanging and by electric chair.
They strongly believe that death penalty will reduce crime, and that it will
make civilians feel safe to wander outdoors at any time. However, they also agree that
death penalty will trigger fear in every individual, regardless of innocence or social
class, although they dont believe that death penalty will negatively affect the national
economy.
To avoid being punished with the death penalty, they mostly recommend to
other students to never try drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and other harmful and/or illegal
substances; to not yield to peer pressure, and to choose friends wisely.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study, entitled The Level of Perception of the Second Year BS Air
Transportation Students of PATTS College of Aeronautics regarding Death Penalty
aims to know if the Filipino youth are in favor of implementing back this method of
punishment. Many will benefit in the study especially the Filipino society for this
study will raise their awareness towards this issue it will inform them how serious this
matter and how it will benefit the country when talking about improvement. The study
will educate the youth to be more responsible towards their actions and will warn them
towards the consequences their actions. The study will help the Filipino citizens
analyze the effects of capital punishment in the country. This study could also help the
legislators of the Philippines to recognize the perception of the youth regarding death
penalty, if they are to draft laws as sensitive and delicate as this.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
The preparation, surveying, data analysis, writing, revision, and defense for
this study took a period of two months, from August 2016 to the first week of October
2016.
This study focuses on the perception of the second year BS Air Transportation
students of PATTS College of Aeronautics regarding death penalty in the Philippines.
One hundred respondents were requested to answer a survey regarding their
perception regarding death penalty. The survey was written by the researchers of this
survey.
The respondents are only informed about the concept of death penalty through
what they perceive in the news, the opinions of other people, and what they have
studied in the basic education curriculum of the Philippines. They do not have
intensive educational background in law, ethics, theology, etc. and are not sufficiently
knowledgeable about capital punishment. They all answered the survey voluntarily.
The crimes examined in this study are rape (in all forms), homicide, trafficking
of illegal drugs, pushing of illegal drugs, and production of illegal drugs.
The methods of execution examined in this study are death by legal injection,
electric chair, hanging, and firing squad.
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Related Literature
President Rodrigo Duterte has insisted on executing criminals by hanging.
While critics of capital punishment view it as inhuman, the president claims
that criminals under the influence of drugs have been reduced to a bestial state.
Duterte is asking for re-imposition of death penalty so that he can hang
criminals.
He asked that while critics say that death penalty is inhuman, what is human
about killing an 18-year-old child and raping her? He also added that drugs have
reduced human killing into bestial state.
Duterte reiterated that the death penalty is more of retribution than a deterrent
to a crime.
President Rodrigo Duterte wants 50 convicts executed every month by hanging
once Congress re-imposes the death penalty, representative-elect Danilo Suarez of
Quezon.
The president feels that if at least 50 drug lords and other convicts are hanged
every month, their execution will deter crime.
Suarez said that Duterte revealed his plans during a meeting with 19 members
of the House of Representatives led by Speaker Feliciano Belmonte Jr.
Suarez said the nations next leader told them that he would like Congress to
restore the death penalty within the end of 2016.
The offices of Senators Panfilo Lacson and Vicente Sotto III confirmed the
Senators are proposing separate bills, both covering a wide range of heinous crimes
Human rights lawyers have expressed their strong opposition to the plan of
President-elect Rodrigo Duterte to revive the death penalty for heinous crimes and
implement a shoot-to-kill policy against suspected criminals who violently resisting
arrest.
In a statement, the Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG) said Duterte will
violate the constitution and international law if he pursues his plan.
FLAG Chairman Jose Diokno said that these actions are illegal and
unconstitutional, render our legal system impotent and meaningless, and blatantly
violate international law.
Diokno noted that the death penalty and shoot-to-kill policy are anti-poor,
stressing that more than eighty percent of Filipinos are poor.
He said that seventy-three percent of the 1,121 inmates on death row before
the death penalty was abolished in 2006 earned less than P10,000 a month. Eightyone percent, in addition, worked in low-income jobs as sales, service, factory,
agricultural, transport or construction workers. If these numbers are any indication, it
is those who live in poverty who will suffer the most if the death penalty is restored.
Diokno also said that the poor bore the brunt of wrongful death penalty
convictions.
Citing data from the Supreme Court, he said that 71 percent of the death
sentences handed down by the trial courts were wrongfully imposed. This means that
7 out of 10 convicts on death row were wrongfully convicted.
The lawyer explained that the poor are vulnerable to the death penalty because
they have no voice, no money, no power, and lack the resources to hire good lawyers.
For exactly the same reasons, they will also be vulnerable to the proposed shoot-tokill policy of the President-elect.
The president of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines,
Dagupan-Lingayen Archbishop Socrates Villegas, has indicated he will seek a
meeting with Duterte to ask him to reconsider his plan to revive the death penalty,
according to Lipa Archbishop Ramon Arguelles.
In a TV interview, CBCP Archbishop-emeritus Oscar Cruz also objected to
Duterte's plan. "We will certainly oppose his plan, especially the CBCP. The Church
will not take it sitting down, but will stand against death penalty," Cruz said.
Bishop of Balanga Ruperto Santos also disagreed with Duterte's plan, which
he described as akin to playing God. "Only God has power over life. God gives life
and God takes life. No one should play God," he said.
Paeng David, National Chairperson of Akbayan Youth asked how we can start
the healing process if we continue the cycle of violence. He said that . The country is
still recovering from the divisiveness of the previous national election will only bleed
further with such a controversial proposition.
David further pointed out that death penalty is not the solution to criminality
and drug addiction, and will only serve to target the poor and vulnerable.
David emphasized that execution is not the solution. Amnesty International
reports even show that two thirds of all countries have turned their backs against the
barbaric practice, and more are expected to also abolish it. Other reports show no
marked difference between crime rate in states that have death penalty and those who
have no such policy.
David added that apart from being ineffective, death penalty is also anti-poor.
In a justice system like ours, only the rich can afford good legal representation and the
poor are left to be condemned to death.
The group forwarded that instead of bringing back the death penalty, the
government should focus on reforming the justice system and promoting rehabilitative
criminal justice in the country.
Input
Process
Output
The
The
The results of
demographic
respondents
the study
profile of the
answered
respondents
survey
was
questionnaire
determined.
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dichotomy a division or contrast between two things that are or are represented
as being opposed or entirely different
millennial a person born from the early 1980s to the early 2000s
rape the crime of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse with the
offender against their will
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Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.1 Research Design
This study was undertaken at PATTS College of Aeronautics in Paraaque
City, a college offering bachelor-degree courses related to the aviation industry.
This study utilized purposive sampling in choosing the respondents. One
hundred second year BS Air Transportation students were taken as respondents.
3.2 Locale and Population of the Study
The study was conducted within the campus of PATTS College of Aeronautics
which is located in San Isidro, Paraaque City. Approximately two hundred second
year BS Air Transportation students have studied in PATTS College of Aeronautics
during the first semester of the Academic Year 2016-2017. One hundred of these
students answered the survey.
3.3 Statistical Treatment Used
On the first part of the study which aims to determine the demographic profile
of the second year BS Air Transportation students, one hundred respondents were
asked to specify their age, gender, and religion in a survey questionnaire.
On the second and third parts of the study, the Likerts scale was used to
quantify the level of perception of the respondents regarding the concept and effects
death penalty. One hundred respondents were asked to write their response to 28 given
statements on the survey questionnaire. The response choices are the following:
strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree. Each choice
has an arbitrary equivalent value. Strongly agree has an equivalent value of 4.
Agree has an equivalent value of 3. Neutral has an equivalent value of 2.
Disagree has an equivalent value of 1. Strongly disagree has an equivalent value
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of 0. All one hundred responses for each statement were added. The highest possible
value sum each statement can obtain is 400 and the lowest is 0. The equivalent
agreement percentage per statement was obtained from the sum. If the percentage is
within the range of 0% to 19%, then the respondents strongly disagree with the
statement. If the percentage is within the range of 20% to 39%, then the respondents
disagree with the statement. If the percentage is within the range of 40% to 59%, then
the respondents are neutral towards the statement. If the percentage is within the range
of 60% to 79%, then the respondents agree with the statement. If the percentage is
within the range of 80% to 100%, then the respondents strongly agree with the
statement. Each statement is considered separately. The agreement percentage in one
statement does not affect the percentage of agreement in another statement.
On the fourth part of the study which aims to determine what the second year
BS Air Transportation students recommend to other respondents to avoid being
punished with the death penalty, 11 recommendations were written by the researchers.
Each respondent was to put a check on three boxes corresponding to the
recommendation of their choice. The statements are then ranked from most chosen
recommendation to least chosen recommendation. All statements are considered
relative. The frequency of one statement affects the frequency of another statement.
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Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The collected data in this study are discussed and interpreted in this chapter.
On the first part of this study, the demographic profile of one hundred respondents
was calculated. On the second and third parts of the study, one hundred respondents
were asked to rate from 0 to 4 how much they agree with twenty-eight given
statements regarding the concept and the effects of death penalty. Each statement has
a maximum possible value sum of 400 and a minimum of 0. On the fourth part of the
study, each respondent was asked to choose three out of eleven recommendations to
on how to avoid being punished with the death penalty.
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I. Demographic profile
Age
Rank
2%
4th
16 to 18 years old
83%
1st
19 to 21 years old
10%
2nd
1%
5th
Not specified
4%
3rd
Gender
Percentage
Percentage
Rank
Male
75%
1st
Female
24%
2nd
Not specified
1%
3rd
Religion
Percentage
Rank
Roman Catholic
66%
1st
Christian
5%
3rd
Born Again
4%
4th
Iglesia Ni Cristo
2%
5th
Baptist
1%
6th
Protestant
1%
6th
Not specified
21%
2nd
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Average
Agreement Perception
response
percentage
2.36
59.00%
Neutral
2.05
51.25%
Neutral
2.54
63.50%
Agree
3.00
75.00%
Agree
2.91
72.75%
Agree
2.07
51.75%
Neutral
3.10
77.50%
Agree
2.92
73.00%
Agree
1.70
42.50%
Neutral
3.06
76.50%
Agree
3.12
78.00%
Agree
3.13
78.25%
Agree
3.06
76.50%
Agree
2.64
66.00%
Agree
2.86
71.50%
Agree
16
2.54
63.50%
Agree
2.54
63.50%
Agree
2.71
67.75%
Agree
2.36
59.00%
Neutral
were legal.
17. Death by firing squad would be an
appropriate method of execution, if it
were legal.
18. Death by lethal injection would be
an appropriate method of execution, if it
were legal.
19. Death by electric chair would be an
appropriate method of execution, if it
were legal.
Table 2. The obtained sum, percentage of agreement, and remark for each statement
regarding the concept of death penalty
III. Perception on the effects of death penalty
Statement
Average
Agreement Remark
response
percentage
Strongly
3.42
85.50%
2.95
73.75%
Agree
2.45
61.25%
Agree
Agree
17
2.50
62.50%
Agree
2.99
74.75%
Agree
3.18
79.50%
Agree
3.10
77.50%
Agree
2.73
68.25%
Agree
18
2.83
70.75%
Agree
Table 3. The obtained sum, percentage of agreement, and remark for each statement
regarding the effects of death penalty
IV. Recommendations to other respondents to avoid being punished with
death penalty
Statement
1. Obey the curfew
2. Attend seminars about substance
abuse.
3. Prioritize studies.
Frequency
Percentage Rank
41
13.67%
3rd
15
5.00%
9th
37
12.33%
5th
43
14.33%
2nd
22
7.33%
8th
2.67%
10th
38
12.67%
4th
25
8.33%
6th
23
7.67%
7th
44
14.67%
1st
19
11. Other
1.33%
th
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Table 4. The frequency, percentage, and rank for each given recommendation
statement
Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary of Findings
Upon interpreting the collected data, the researchers discovered that by age,
83% of the respondents are 16 to 18 years old, 10% of the respondents are 19 to 21
years old, 2% of the respondents are 15 years old and below, 1% of the respondents is
21 years old and above, while the remaining 4% refused to specify their age. By
gender, 75% of the respondents are male, 24% of the respondents are female, while
the remaining 1% did not specify their gender. By religion, 66% of the respondents
are Roman Catholic, 5% of the respondents are Christian, 4% of the respondents are
Born Again, 2% of the respondents are Iglesia Ni Cristo, 1% of the respondents is
Baptist, 1% of the respondents is Protestant, while the remaining 21% refused to
specify their religion.
The second part of the study aims to quantify the perception of the respondents
regarding the concept of death penalty. The respondents have a 59.00% agreement
percentage whether death penalty is a human rights violation, which means they are
neutral. They have a 51.25% agreement percentage whether death penalty is
appropriate in the 21st century, which also means they are neutral. Statement 3 which
states that death penalty is against their religious beliefs obtained an an agreement
percentage of 63.50%, which indicates that they agree with the statement. With a
percentage of agreement of 75.00%, they agree that the death penalty would be
legalized in the administration of Pres. Rodrigo Duterte. They have a 72.75%
agreement percentage whether death penalty is necessary to everyone involved in drug
syndicates, which means they agree. They are neutral whether death penalty is fair to
lower-class civilians, which obtained an agreement percentage of 51.75%. Statement
7 which states that all forms of rape should be punishable by death obtained an
agreement percentage of 77.50%, which indicates that they agree with the statement.
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With a percentage of agreement of 73.00%, they agree that possession of illegal drugs
should be punishable by death. They have a 42.50% agreement percentage whether
lawful killing should be punishable by death, which means they are neutral. They
agree that moving of illegal drugs in and out of the country should be punishable by
death, which obtained an agreement percentage of 76.50%. Statement 11 which states
that production of illegal drugs should be punishable by death obtained an an
agreement percentage of 78.00%, which indicates that they agree with the statement.
With a percentage of agreement of 78.25%, they agree that drug lords should be
executed. They agree that drug pushers should be executed, which obtained an
agreement percentage of 76.50%. They have a 66.00% agreement percentage whether
drug users should be executed, which means they agree. Statement 15 which states
that corrupt government officials should be executed obtained an agreement
percentage of 71.50%, which indicates that they agree with the statement. With a
percentage of agreement of 63.50%, they agree that death by hanging would be an
appropriate method of execution if it were legal. They agree that death by firing squad
would be an appropriate method of execution if it were legal, which obtained an
agreement percentage of 63.50%. They have a 67.75% agreement percentage whether
death by lethal injection would be an appropriate method of execution if it were legal,
which means they agree. Statement 19 which states that death by electric chair would
be an appropriate method of execution if it were legal obtained an agreement
percentage of 59.00%, which indicates that they are neutral towards the statement.
The third part of the study aims to quantify the perception of the respondents
regarding the effects of death penalty. They have an 85.50% agreement percentage
whether drug penalty will reduce crime, which means they strongly agree. Statement
2 which states that death penalty will cause social and political distress obtained an
agreement percentage of 73.75%, which indicates that they agree with the statement.
With a percentage of agreement of 61.25%, they agree that death penalty will
negatively affect the national economy. They agree that death penalty will contribute
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distress, negatively affect the national economy, and trigger fear in civilians from any
social class, innocent or criminal.
To avoid being punished with the death penalty, the students mostly
recommend their fellow students to never try drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and other
harmful and/or illegal substances; to choose friends wisely, and to obey the curfew.
5.3 Recommendations
After conducting a through research about the perception of the youth
regarding death penalty, the researchers recommend the following:
The current legislators and executives of Philippine government must take into
consideration the perception of the youth regarding death penalty. The
researchers recommend to integrate civic education into the tertiary
curriculum. The researchers have observed that most of their fellow tertiary
students are not well-informed about death penalty, and law in general. They
should be educated in Philippine government and constitution, as well as in
ethics.
The officers and teachers of PATTS College of Aeronautics must guide their
students in forming opinions and political views.
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