Fundamentals

of hardware
UT1.Informaticssystems
y
History
Ciclo Formativo de Grado Superior de
ASIR

First steps
Abaco was designed
as the first
calculating machine
Muhammad
M h
d ib
ibn
Musa Alkhowarizmi
(S XII) developed
(S.
d l
d
the concept of a
gro p of steps to get
group
an objective

XVI Century
1500, Leonardo da Vinci, developed an analogic
calculating machine

XVII Century
1612, John Napier,
th fi
the
firstt one who
h
used the decimal
point Invented the
point.
logarithms and
several calculating
machines to multiply.
1622, William
Oughtred developed
the slide rule.

XVII Century
1642,, Blaise Pascal created a machine to add and
subtract with a carry from one position to another

XVII Century
1674, Leibniz Blaise a philosopher and mathematician
introduced the binary numeral system and binary
arithmetic, later used by Alan Touring.

SXVIII Century
1727, Jacob Leupold developed a calculating machine
unifying the concepts of Pascal and Leibniz.

XIX Century (I)

1801, Joseph-Marie
J
Jaquard
d invented
i
t d an
automatic loom using
punch cards .
1822
1822, Ch
Charles
l
Babbage a designed a
to differential engine
to improve
navigation tables.

XIX C
Century
t
(II)
1833, Babbage abandons
his initial project,
because it was too
specialized and designed
th analytical
the
l ti l engine.
i
1842, Ada Augusta King,
Lady Lovelace (daughter
of Lord Byron) worked
with Babbage
g on the
engine. She is considered
the first programmer.

Si l XIX (III)
Siglo
1854
1854, George Boole published An
An
investigation on the Law of Though
using the Leibniz ideas developed the
concepts of boolean algebra.
1857,
1857 Si
Sir Ch
Charles
l Wh
Wheatstone
tt
introduced the first application that
used
d a punch
h ttape as supportt ffor th
the
storage and processing of information

XIX Century (3)

Problems with the
processing of USA
Population Census in
1890, led Herman
Hollerith to develop
tabulating machine,
creating a company
renamed as IBM in
1924.
1924

1904
Sir John A. Fleming developed

the first diode valve.

1925
Vannevar Bush from MIT built a difference
machine with integration and differentiation
capacities.
p

1935 1938
1935-1938
Konrad Zuse, developed the computer Z-1 using relays
and binaryy arithmetic.
After the Second World War II he settled in Switzerland
developing the Z-4 and founded a computer company,
took over by Siemens.

1941
Konrad Zuse, improved the computer Z-1 developing Z2 y el Z-3,, considered as the first digital
g
computer
p
fully
y
functional and with some reliability.

Z-3
Z
3 de 1941 I/O Device

Relay
Pulse generator (5.3hz)

Z-3
Z
3 de 1941 I/O Device

Relay
Pulse generator (5.3hz)

1937
Alan Turingg British
mathematician, logician,
cryptanalyst, and computer
scientist He gave a
scientist.
formalization of the concepts
of "algorithm" and
"computation" with the
Turing machine, which can
be considered a model of a
general purpose computer.
Turing is widely considered
to be the father of computer
science and artificial
intelligence.
intelligence

1937
G
George R.
R Stibit developed
d l da
calculator in the Bell labs kmodel (kitchen) using binary
model
logic and relays.

1937-1942
Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff his assistant Clifford Berry,
developed the first digital computer ABC.

1940 1944
1940-1944
During World War II, the need to decrypt
messages encrypted by the Germans
Germans, led Alang
Touring to help in the develop of a codebreaker
machine named bombe and Colossus.
Colossus

1944
Colossus.

1944
Howard Aiken made the first electromechanical computer
MARK-I (IBM). The instructions were introduced using
punched cards or switches, the results were stored in registers.

It worked for 15 years in the development of mathematical tables. 3000 relays

1945
EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Computer conducted
under the guide of Von Newman. First electronic calculator
with program memory.

1945
G
Grace Murray
M
Hopper
H
found the first bug in
the
h computer M
Mark
k II
II.
John von Neumann
wrote his draft on
computer architecture
which underlies the
current concept of
computer.

1946
ENIAC started working.

5.000 additions/sg P150 3.000.000.000

1946
ENIAC started working.

5.000 additions/sg P150 3.000.000.000

1947
William Shockley, John
Bardeen y Walter
Brattain invented the
"transfer resistance"
which later was known
as transistor.

1956
John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky set up the
concept off Artificial
A ifi i l Intelligence
I lli
d i a
during
meeting in the Darmouth College.

1957-1969

1957 Lenguage FORTRAN

1958 Lenguage LISP
G
Grace
M
Murray H
Hopper
1960 Lenguage COBOL
1964 Douglas Engelbert concept of
Hipertex
1964 Lenguage BASIC
1969 ARPANET

1971-1973
1971 Intel developed the 4004, the first
microprocessor.
i
1971 IBM developed the first Floppy disk
1973 Donald Knuth started to work in the Art
of Programming
g
g stablishingg the fundamentals
of Software Engineering
1973 Robert Metcalf developed at Xerox Park a
networking system Ethernet.

1975 1982
1975-1982
Edward Roberts
Roberts, William Yates and Jim Bybee
developed what could be considered the first personal
computer,
p
, the Altair 8800. It had 256 bytes
y of memoryy
and no screen, keyboard or another auxiliary memory
device.
CRAY I was developed as the first supercomputer.
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak developed the Apple II
IBM launched the PC

Dad why do we need five fingers, when there are only two buttons?