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    How Metals Form

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    Fadlin Idrus
    This document discusses the nature of ore fluids and addresses four major questions about the origin of ore deposits: the nature and origin of fluids, the source of metals and ligands, how fluids move, and depositional processes. It examines observations and inferences about ore-forming fluids, including non-aqueous fluids like magmas and various aqueous fluids like magmatic, meteoric, seawater, and metamorphic waters. The document also explores using isotopes as tracers to determine fluid sources and discusses stable isotope patterns.

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    How Metals Form

    Uploaded by

    Fadlin Idrus
    5 views7 pages
    This document discusses the nature of ore fluids and addresses four major questions about the origin of ore deposits: the nature and origin of fluids, the source of metals and ligands, how fluids move, and depositional processes. It examines observations and inferences about ore-forming fluids, including non-aqueous fluids like magmas and various aqueous fluids like magmatic, meteoric, seawater, and metamorphic waters. The document also explores using isotopes as tracers to determine fluid sources and discusses stable isotope patterns.

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    mecanism how metal form

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    This document discusses the nature of ore fluids and addresses four major questions about the origin of ore deposits: the nature and origin of fluids, the source of metals and ligands, how fluids move, and depositional processes. It examines observations and inferences about ore-forming fluids, including non-aqueous fluids like magmas and various aqueous fluids like magmatic, meteoric, seawater, and metamorphic waters. The document also explores using isotopes as tracers to determine fluid sources and discusses stable isotope patterns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views7 pages

    How Metals Form

    Uploaded by

    Fadlin Idrus
    This document discusses the nature of ore fluids and addresses four major questions about the origin of ore deposits: the nature and origin of fluids, the source of metals and ligands, how fluids move, and depositional processes. It examines observations and inferences about ore-forming fluids, including non-aqueous fluids like magmas and various aqueous fluids like magmatic, meteoric, seawater, and metamorphic waters. The document also explores using isotopes as tracers to determine fluid sources and discusses stable isotope patterns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Ore Deposits

    Four major questions about the origin of


    ore deposits
    Nature
    Source
    How

    and origin of fluids

    of metals and ligands

    fluids move

    Depositional

    processes

    Observations of ore-forming fluids:

    Inferences about ore-forming fluids:

    Ore fluids of interest:

    Nature of Ore Fluids

    Ore Deposits

    Non-aqueous fluids (magmas):

    Physical separation of ore components:

    Chemical separation of ore components:

    Nature of Ore Fluids

    Ore Deposits

    Origin of magmatic aqueous fluids:

    Origin of meteoric aqueous fluids:

    Epithermal fluid flow:

    Nature of Ore Fluids

    Ore Deposits

    Seawater as a fluid source:

    Nature of Ore Fluids

    Ore Deposits

    Metamorphic water

    Nature of Ore Fluids

    Ore Deposits

    Summary of aqueous fluids:

    Nature of Ore Fluids

    Ore Deposits
    Digression on isotopes
    Definition of isotopes:
    Utility of isotopes as tracers:

    He isotopes in East Pacific Rise

    Stable isotopes

    Geothermal

    ba

    Metamorphic
    fluids

    lin
    e

    es
    brin
    l
    a
    sin

    Ka
    oli
    ni t
    e

    -120

    Can
    a di

    -80

    SMOW

    PMW

    Me brines
    t eo
    ri c
    wa
    t er
    s

    an s
    hiel
    d

    -40

    Seawater hydrothermal fluids


    Wilbur Sp.

    Ocean crust
    pore water

    water-rock exchange

    -160
    -20

    Nature of Ore Fluids

    organic waters
    -10

    18O

    10

    20

    30

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