Final Project Report

IE -6405
INTEGRATED PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Invent New Corporation
Title: Customized Chair for Playing Musical Instruments
Team 3

1. Ashvin Kulkarni (Access ID : ft5627)

2. Danilo (Access ID : fx6383)

3. Bhargava Saripalli (Access ID : fq8122)
4. Pushkar Vyas (Access ID : fs0175)
5. Pratik Kamat (Access ID : fq6587)
6. Venkata Ravi (Access ID : fr1188)

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1. Introduction
A product is anything that can be offered to a market that might
satisfy a want or need. Any product at a particular point of time
reaches a point where in the demand for the product starts
decreasing. At that particular point of time the product should be either
innovated or upgraded to maintain the presence in the market. The
process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that
creates value or for which customers will pay is innovation.
Innovation can be a catalyst for the growth and success of your
business, and help you adapt and grow in the marketplace. The
innovation of a random product is a tough task as there are many
genres of products which can be innovated.
There are many different types of chairs. There is a chair for
almost every purpose but there has never been a chair for the
musicians. This basic need has made us think about a chair for the
musicians.

There are many classical music instruments which makes the

artist/performer to sit down on the ground with legs folded in a specific
position and play the instrument. This makes the artist uncomfortable
and when he/she performs for 2-3 hours at a stretch, it is exhausting.
So, to make the artist comfortable, the artist can make use of this
product; wherein, he has to sit on the chair; the chair will be having
attachments/extensions, which the artist can use to place his
instruments. Also the artist can make adjustments to these
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attachments/extensions which will make the artist to place his

instrument the way he wants.

This report explains the entire product development process of

our product (musical chair) starting from the customers feedback to its
production ramp up. Below is the mission statement:
Product description

A customized chair with attachments/extenders for an artist to sit and place the
musical instruments and perform in a most comfortable manner for a longer duration
without getting exhausted.

Benefit proposition

1. The product makes life easier for musicians while performing.

2. Two or more instruments can be played simultaneously with no difficulty.

Key business goals

1. To achieve a break-even within six months of the product launch.

2. To minimize flaws in the product
3. To carry maximum possible musical instruments on chair
4. Reducing Production Cost
5. Increasing the efficiency of sales

Primary market

Music composers, music companies and music recording studios.

Secondary market

Instrument learning students, music teachers.

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Assumptions
constraints

Stakeholders

and

1. There are no alternatives to this product.

2. This product is very new to the market.
3. Very much affordable
4. Will make the user very comfortable
5. Will be the only one of its kind

1. Music companies and studios who will buy the product in huge volume
2. Investors and employees who will work in the shop for manufacturing
3. Music teachers and students who will buy the product in a small volume

2. Product Development Process

The growth of a company depends on the ability to research and
deduce the customer needs and then convert the needs into a
valuable product. This involves development of a new product.
Introducing new products on a consistent basis is important to the
future success of many organizations. Marketers in charge of product
decisions often follow set procedures for bringing products to market.
The sequence of steps or activities which an enterprise employs to
conceive, design and commercialize a product is called product
development process. In simple words, the transformation of a market
opportunity into a product available for sale. The product may be
tangible on intangible depending upon the purpose.
A generic product development process has six phases, planning,
concept development, system level design, detailed design, testing &
refinement and production ramp up.
Planning:

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Innovatio
n

Planning stage involves identifying the market opportunities, defining

the market segments, consider product platform and technologies,
develop planning goals and allocate project resources. This phase
precedes the project approval and many times referred as phase zero.
The primary output of this phase is the project mission statement,
which specifies the target market for product, business goals, key
assumptions and related constraints. Another thing which you get is a
technology road map. The Mission statement for our project and the
related technology roadmap is shown below.

TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP FOR CHAIRS

1990 and 19912001-2005
before
2000

Evolutio
n

Design

Four
Legged
Chairs

Comfor
t

Cotton
In
Built
Cushions/
Foam
Pillows

Feature
s

Hand
Rest

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FLC/CWW

Hand Rest
and Leg
support

2006-2010

2011-2015

FLC/CWW/C
also
FLC/CWW/C FLC/CWW/C/R convertible
various
positions
Combinations
Foam
and Foam/Spring/Ai
of
all
us
Spring
r Filled
before
Hand Rest, Leg Hand
Re
Hand Rest,
Support,
Leg Suppo
Leg Support,
Laptop/Writing
Laptop/Writin
Glass
Support, Glass Support, Gla
Holders
Holders
Holders
Four Legge
Chairs - FLC

Chairs
wi
wheels
CWW
Couch -C
Recliners - R
Planning phase also includes project scheduling. The project
scheduling is a method or a tool that communicates what work needs
to be performed and at what time frame it has to be performed. The
project scheduling reflects all the tasks with the associates delivery
time in the project timeline. For this project, we used Gantt chart as a
tool to define the project schedule. The Gantt chart is shown in the
figure below.
PROJECT SCHEDULE
Planning

Definition
Parameters

Concept
Customer Survey
development
QFD
System level
TRIZ formulation
design
Develop
design
alternatives
Product architecture
Define Interactions
CAD
modeling
and
Detail design
assembly
Prototype development
Detail
drawings
of
mechanical parts
Design
specification
Testing
verification
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Week
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th

Customer
validation
Production
ramp up

need

Product launch

Concept Development: Concepts are the means for providing the

desired functions. Concept development, getting the ideas together, is
the most essential and critical phase of engineering design process. It
starts with identifying the customer needs or the needs of the target
market, lead users are identified, alternative product concepts are
generated, feasibility of the product concept is identified and economic
analysis is done.
For the project we identified the potential customers. The potential
customers are: Music companies, Music professionals, Music studios
and anybody who plays any music instrument. After identifying the
potential customers, finding the customer needs is very important. For
this we conducted customer survey. Customer survey was done in two
fashion. One was by face to face interviews with the customers and
second was by online survey forms. For the survey form and its result,
please refer the index given at the last.
To transform qualitative user demands into quantitative parameters,
House of Quality or Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is used. QFD
deploys the functions forming quality, and to deploy methods for
achieving the design quality into subsystems and component parts,
and ultimately to specific elements of the manufacturing process. The
qualitative customer needs were transformed into quantitative
parameters using QFD.

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After
Dec

Following are the most important performance measures of our

product based on the customer needs:
Sr.
No
1

Performance measure Sub parameters

Unit

Range

Weight of the chair

lb

Max. 80
lb

Chair dimensions
2

Overall Width

Design of attachment
3
4

Overall Height

Material

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Height
ground

from

Width
of
attachment
Density Rating

foot

Max. 4
feet

foot

Max. 2
feet

feet

Max. 3
feet

feet

Max. 3
feet

the
the

2.4
3.1

, Weak(1) -

Cushion thickness

Digital memory storage

Battery life

10

Digital pannel dimensions

11

Glass holder dimensions

Height of Ipad/ music notes
stand
Tilt of Ipad/ music notes
stand
Dimensions of Ipad/ music
notes stand holder

16

17

Ground clearance

18

Range of height adjustment

19

Seats front edge clearance

to legs

20

Slope of the seat

21

Hand dryer size

22

Color Options*

1.2 0.48

1.2 0.52

1.2 0.64 4.8

1.5 0.6 7.5

1.5 0.57 7.5

1.2 0.61 4.8

1.2 0.51

4.5 1.2 0.57 5.4

1.5 0.45 7.5

4.5 1.5 0.63 6.8

1.5 0.59

Total

Total

1 0.61 4.5

4.5

5.38 7.3 6.418.226.344.474.473.784.26 4.2 2.424.182.871.891.789.055.445.793.634.361.422.36 100

154 209 183 235 181 128 128 108 122 120 69 11981.9 54 50.7 258 155 165 104 125 40.567.52855

15

Size of the wheels

Width-height ratio of
armrest

(units) / Performance Measure

Engineering Requirements

Material of cushion

14
3

Weight of attachment

13
2

Design of attachment

12
1

DQ composite imporance

, Medium (3) -

7.92
9.74
6.53
7.10
6.82

11.06

7.32

Ratio of improvement

Strong(9) ,none(0) -

Customer Requirements/Demanded quality

8.80

9.64

6.22

2 Adjustable instrument holding Attachment 8.36

1 Prefer to sit (comfortness)

3 Color Options*
4 Cushioning

Degree of tilt

10.49
5 Recorder/Metronome/mic/etc support attachment
6 Glass/Mug/Bottle Holder
7 I-pad/music note stand - attachment
8 Ground wheels: Moveable
9 Arm rest
11Pushback seat

% Importance

Weighted Importance

Sales point

This phase
includes
the
definition
of product

Chair dimensions

min 1

12Hand dryer/air blower

System
Level
Design:
Weight of the chair

subj.(in
numbers
)
min. 5
Color Options* (subj.)

33 41
10Height Adjustment

Target

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Importance found after

customer survey

36 40
Hr
Battery life

GB
memory
Digital
storage
5

Load
(ILD)
Indentation
Deflection
rating

architecture, its decomposition into subsystems and/ or components. It

is a good way to understand the functional and component
interactions. Geometric layout of the product, product functional and
component interactions is the outputs of this phase.
We ran through many design alternatives and come out with three
final design alternatives. While generating the design concepts, brain
storming and TRIZ methodology was utilized. The following are the
three concepts and there product architecture with it.
Concept #1:
This was our first concept which revolves around developing a chair
which fulfils our basic ergonomic requirements. It consists of a regular
chair with extended attachment on the char arms for instrument
support. For extra support, the extension is provided which can be
displaced vertically and horizontally. And also in case the performer
does not want the attachment he or she can remove it.

Below is component architecture of the 1st design concept:

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Concept #2: This design concept was generated using TRIZ method.
Out of 40 TRIZ innovative principles, combination and nesting
principle was used to generate this concept. The concept involves a
regular chair with 2 attachments to it. The improvement of this concept
over the first concept was to decrease the number of components and
hence ease of manufacturing and ease of assembly. This eventually
will reduce the cost of manufacturing. This design consists of a 360
degrees rotator and foldable attachment to place and fix the
instruments and a foldable stand to hold music notes or iPad. The
chair has a hydraulic sphere at the bottom which has an infinite
degree of freedom in the XY plane which can be used to move the
chair. And whenever the chair needs to be fixed at one place there is a
one degree freedom in the z plane; sphere can be moved up with the
help of the hydraulics and the chair can be fixed at a particular place.
The chair also has the pocket to hold miscellaneous things. In addition
to this it also fulfils the customer requirement of having audio box for
connecting microphones and other audio requirements.
So this design helps the artist to adjust the attachment vertically,
horizontally just by sliding with great ease.

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Below is component architecture of the 2nd design concept:

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Concept #3
This design concept was generated keeping in mind the unicomponent approach. In simple words, this design was made for
simplicity, to reduce complexity but at the same time keeping its
optimum functionality. It also consists of foot rest which was not in the
earlier concepts.

Below is component architecture of the 2nd design concept:

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Detailed Design: In the detailed design phase, we came up with the

below design as the final design because it has the least number of
components and it has a very easy user interface and low cost of
manufacturing .The specifications were finalized using solid works
(CAD software).There are 5 components in this design,
1. Chair stand (hydraulic sphere)
2. Attachment for holding instrument
3. Attachment for holding i-pad
4. Seat
5. Back rest

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Planning

Concept Generation
System Level
Design

Detail
Design
Testing and
Refinement
Production Ramp
Up

Following family instruments can be played on the above designed

chair:

Brass family

Strings family

Woodwind family

Percussion Family

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3. THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND JUSTIFICATION

OF ITS USE IN OUR PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT
Before development of our product, we had to question ourselves the
following few statements:
What are the key product development activities that must be
included in our project?
What project milestones and review gates can be used to manage
the overall development process by phases?
Is there a standard development process that will work for every
operating division?
What role do our team members have to play who belong to different
functional departments at Wayne State University in the projects
development process?
Should our team be divided into groups corresponding to projects or
to technical and business functions?
A product development process is the sequence of steps or activities
that an enterprise employs to conceive, design, and commercialize a
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product. Many of these steps and activities are intellectual and

organizational rather than physical.
A well-defined development process is useful for the following
reasons:
Quality assurance: A development process specifies the phases a
development project will pass through and the checkpoints along the
way. When these phases and checkpoints are chosen wisely, following
the development process is one way of assuring the quality of the
resulting product.
Coordination: A clearly articulated development process acts as a
master plan that defines the roles of each of the person in the team.
This plan informs the members of the team when their contributions
will be needed and with whom they will need to exchange information
and materials.
Planning: A development process includes milestones
corresponding to the completion of each phase. The timing of these
milestones anchors the schedule of the overall development project.
Management: A development process is a benchmark for assessing
the performance of an ongoing development effort. By comparing the
actual events to the established process, a manager can identify
possible problem areas.
Improvement: The careful documentation and ongoing review of an
organizations development process and its results may help to
identify opportunities for improvement.
Team Planning:
This was a one of our initial phase of product development where we
had to decide on our goals and establish a time limit to accomplish
them. This was a phase, when it was planned, upcoming dynamic
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changes were not yet made. However, it was predicted well before
from the beginning which eventually occurred. The main change in
plan came into action after the customers review through customer
survey. This was part of our marketing strategy that will be discussed
in detail on the next page.
Our Marketing Strategy:
The first question we had to ask ourselves was, how unique is our
product? This was one of the most important phase during our product
development process. The way of approach for this was dependent on
the following factors:
1. Who are our targeted customers?
2. What are the customers expectations?
3. How can we collaborate with all the furniture companies to
establish our grounds in the market?
4. Who are our competitors?
5. How can we compete with our competitors in the long run?
6. What will be our plan of action to launch the product?
To decide on the above factors we had conducted a customer survey
where we had few selected questions in our mind that could help the
customer understand the type of product we are trying to introduce to
them. Further we were open to their suggestions that could emphasize
on key factors that our chair needs according to the customers.
Even after taking surveys from professional and non- professional
musicians, it was very important to know the industrys perspective
regarding our product since they have good experience with what a
customer expects in these kind of scenarios. Hence we created a
survey form and asked some musicians to comment on what they feel
about our product. Table shown below is a survey form that we
presented to our potential customers from different backgrounds;

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We are coming up with a new

product which is a chair which a
musician can sit on and place his
instrument
on
an
adjustable
attachment to the chair and perform
for a long time without getting
exhausted, because it is very
uncomfortable to the musician to sit
down on the floor with legs folded
and perform for a long time.

Sr.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6

Please rate the below features on a

scale of 10 (0.5 increments) if they
were made available to the chair
which we are going to design and
fabricate and introduce into the
market
Do you prefer to stand/sit on the
floor/ground while performing for a
very long hours?
Adjustable attachments to the chair for
holding the instruments
Multiple color options
Chairs with cushion
Chairs without cushion
Recorder

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Customer Rating
out of 5
(5
being
extremely
desirable and 1
being not at all
desirable)

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16

Glass holder
Attachment to keep an i-pad
Chair with wheels
Chair without wheels
Adjustable arm rest
Without arm rest
Height adjustment
Pushback(Like a car seat)
Without pushback(Like an office chair)
Air blower attachment to the chair for
17
hands
After one week of collecting the reviews, few surprisingly new
suggestions were made that were never part of our design plan. This
was a main turnover in our project. Eventually House of Quality was
made as shown in this report where we decided on the importance to
be given to the features that are needed in the design of chair.
A product concept is an approximate description of the technology,
working principles, and form of the product. It is a concise description
of how the product will satisfy the customer needs. A concept is
usually expressed as a sketch or as a rough three-dimensional model
and is often accompanied by a brief textual description. The degree to
which a product satisfies customers and can be successfully
commercialized depends to a large measure on the quality of the
underlying concept.
House of quality revealed the demanded key factors by our customers
that can satisfy the engineering needs of our design. This gave us a
clear picture of what ideas should be implemented in our design to
make it a success when introduced to the customers in the market
after manufacturing. It was a clear lesson learned that all the demands
of the customer cannot be fulfilled, however it is very important to
listen to the customers perspective before making a decision on the
product design.
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Categorization of our product type:

It is very important to understand the category in which our product
type falls under. It gives us an understanding on many things like the
life of the product and its future scope when rate of development is
taken under consideration. For example, any technology push
products can last until any new and better technology is not invented
that suffices the same purpose of that product. Another example is a
generic product like furniture. Furniture can never be stopped from
production as there is always demand of new designs in the market.
Now considering our product, it was clear to our team that it will fall
under a generic type of product.
listen
to
customer

build/revise
mock-up

customer
test-drives
mock-up

And also we adopted prototype product development model because

as this a very new product we had to do multiple customer surveys for
customer satisfaction. So we thought that prototype product
development model was the best product development model.

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4. EVOLUTION OF DESIGN
Target Instruments:
Once the idea was formed, the main question to ask ourselves was,
what instruments we are going to accommodate for our design. Our
product was designed with an intent to held/accommodate at least 3
instruments. In order to do that we had to categorize all the possible
instruments which need a stand/support for its player while
performing. The motto of the design was to make the ease of playing
the instrument possible even though the player has to perform for
hours continuously. Hence it was clear to say that ergonomics was
one of the main criteria. After the customer survey was taken, we
realized that only specific musicians require a product that we intent to
manufacture. For example, a flutist preferred to perform standing and
was neutral about sitting and playing his instrument, meanwhile a
tabla player insisted on having such a chair that we want to
manufacture. Hence it was clear that even in variety of musicians, only
70% of them were our target. This helped us a lot in concluding that
instruments like Table, Guitar, Veena, Trumpet etc. need a product
that we are building.
Design Creativity:
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Now it was clear on how to target the instruments. After reaching this
phase of product development, our team started coming up with ideas
that could make this product possible. Our main criteria was to make
an ergonomically feasible chair that is very robust when a musician is
playing his instrument. This will not only make our product a success
but also a reliable product for our customers.

5. Design for Manufacturing (DFM)

We have considered the performance measure i.e. product
specification based on the customer needs to estimate the cost of
manufacturing. In the cost estimation we have considered the material
cost, one time investment cost like machines to be purchased and
land purchasing and shop floor construction cost. We have also
considered the labor cost and cost of the power required to run the
manufacturing facility.
As manufacturing cost plays a key role in determining the economic
success of a product and also as the economic success is depending
on the profit margin earned on each sale of the product and on how
many units of the product the firm can sell; we have chosen the best
design out of 3 design alternatives. The best design has the minimum
number of components which reduces the time and cost of
manufacturing. Our best design has got no armrest and no extra
component as in design 1 and design 3.It only has the seat and back
rest, and it has got the attachment which can rotate 360 degrees. So,
it has the minimum number of components. As the profit margin is the
difference between the manufacturers selling price and the cost of the
make of one product it becomes very much important to take certain
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cost reduction initiatives right from the facility location selection stage
to the shop floor improvements without altering quality and safety of
the final product. Economically successful design is therefore about
ensuring high product quality while minimizing manufacturing cost.
Effective DFM practice leads to low manufacturing costs without
sacrificing product quality.

Below is the manufacturing cost estimation:

Variable
cost

Material
s

Total in
$
1.
Wood
3mm
1/8x6x12" (6)
2. Cushioning material 10kgs
3. Polish - 5 Gallons
4. Recorder
5. Adhesives , fasteners
and
stitching
threads(Miscellaneous)

$15.00/piec
e

15*6

90

$20/kg

20*10

200

$20/Gallon
_

20*5
_

100
50

50

106*1

106

Fixed
Cost
4. Wood Lathe for wood
$106/piece
work - 1 no.
$99.99/piec
5. Stitching machine
e
$100
6. Miscellaneous tools
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99.99*
1
_

99.99
100

Direct
cost
1.
Shop
floor
_
_
construction
2. Labor cost - Total man
hour target per chair - $8 / Man
50
Hour
50*8
3. Power
_
_
Total Cost
Operating Cost(Excluding Fixed cost and
shop floor construction cost)
Total Cost Reduction Target - 25% - $6,561.50

25000

400
50
$26,246
$940

So, we have taken certain cost reduction initiatives to cut the cost of
manufacturing by 25%.Following are the cost reduction initiatives
which we have set as a major KPIs (Key performance Indicators) to
achieve the cost reduction target ;

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1. The selection of the facility location is one of the most important

when it comes to cost reduction. Production facilities should be in the
outskirts of the city where the land cost is low. As land cost and shop
floor selection cost is the most expensive when it comes to
manufacturing cost estimation, optimizing facility location selection
procedures becomes the most important part.
2. The second most important part is the recruitment of labor
workforce. The firms transportation cost will hugely increase if the
labor workforce reside far away from the manufacturing plant facility.
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So, labor workforce should be recruited from the nearby areas so that
they can commute very easily and also the supervisors can call them
in case of emergency.
3. Localization of raw materials is another important factor for cost
reduction. Defined & developed supplier network in line with strategic
plan is a must. Defined procedure should be set up for vendor
qualification to meet supplier expertise & capabilities. We will have to
implement strategic action plans to develop local suppliers to reduce
lead time and cost. It becomes very much important to consider
sufficient supply of raw materials and the quality of raw materials. And
also the cost of raw materials is an important element of the total cost
of production. If the supply chain of raw materials is not regular, it may
lead to frequent stoppages and breakages in production line. The time
and the cost of the transportation of raw materials are also important.
So it is best if the manufacturing facility is located close to raw
materials suppliers/vendors or vice-versa.
Closeness to market is important to have control over the market. In
industries where raw materials are obtained from different sources,
closeness to the sources of raw materials is to as important as
nearness to the market. Closeness to the market is important for
supplying goods to customer in the minimum period of time. So
speedy transport facilities are needed for regular and timely supply of
raw materials at low cost. Transport facilities are important for getting
control over foreign markets.
4. Power is another important factor and is necessary for production
and for transporting finishing goods and raw materials. Power may be
electrical, diesel and atomic energy. All types of power should be
localized and mobile. Power shortages lead to tremendous losses due
to the stoppage of machinery. Therefore, industries must have a
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sufficient and regular supply of power for continuous production and

for industries to operate at full capacity.
5. And last but not the least the waste reduction initiatives in the
shop floor which can be achieved by involving the labor work force.
We have to drive continuous improvement initiatives in the shop floor
and 5S. Which will result in reduced waste and improved quality and
productivity.
Design for Environment (DFE)
We will be implementing incineration followed by land fill of scrap
product due to quality issues, resulting in reduced pollution.
Expected Challenges
1. The foremost important challenge in the manufacturing facility is the
employee and environment safety. And this will be our one of the
challenges to get the ISO-14001 certification and also the OSHAS
ISO-18001 certification.
2. The second challenge will be the customer satisfaction. As our
product is very new in the market we have to set very high quality
standards. This can be achieved by 3-4 quality checks at different
levels and implementing quality checks. We also have to apply for
ISO-9001 certification.
3. Re-designing and validation of design after the customer
feedback from the use of prototype product will be another challenge.
4. As our product is very new to the market; technical and practical
training of blue collars will be important to make the workforce know
the importance and purpose of the manufacturing the product. We will
be implementing the below training methods;

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Traini
ng
Theory

Class
based

Work
Instructi
on

Practic
al
Tests and
Examinati
on

Real time
manufacturing
Training

Equipme
nt
Trainings

5. These initiatives will be helpful in production ramp up for reducing

the cycle time of each unit as we will be facing huge pressure to
meet the production targets before the deadline when the order
volume will increase.
6. We also have to look for most suitable Enterprise Resourcing
Planning (ERP) software for proper accountability.

Product Introduction in the Marketplace

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We have also decided to adopt the following strategy for production

ramp up:
First six to twelve months the product can be made to order.
Depending on the configurations, few preset configurations can
be added to the catalogue, with a unique product identification
number. This number can be used by the customer for further
use, and a similar configuration chair can be manufactured for
the customer, without the customer being physically present.
Depending on the demand and the value for the product,
different quality standards could be set, which can be helpful for
determining the price, discounts, offers and other deals to attract
the customers.
High production demands can be met with outsourcing the
products or the parts, to avoid the diminishing return phase. To
avoid the saturation and customer dissatisfaction, Outsourcing is
the best option.
This again depends on the customer demand.
We cannot afford to lose a customer at any given time.
Also holding the order for a longer time, reduces the value of the
product.

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6. Product Design Justification

Different than any other design, because its ergonomically
friendly with minimum number of components with optimum
manufacturing cost
Can be used and modified according to the need
Easy to assemble and disassemble
Need for an Engineering Change
Engineering change becomes very important after certain period of
time when the market becomes stagnant and then the volume starts
reducing. This is also known as law of diminishing return. So we have
decided to implement engineering change before the market becomes
stagnant.

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We have also decided to implement following for increasing the profit:

Call old products in for an engineering change and give the
customers new improved design (modified on old design), for
free.
How will the company profit from this
Sell accessories at high cost
Sell accessories with autographs of different artists

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7. Lessons Learnt:
How to tackle real world problems like law of diminishing return,
Market Stagnation, Inflation
Getting the customers feedback on the product into impact.
Developing an innovative design taking all the uncertainties into
consideration
Customer satisfaction along with profit growth.
Design for Manufacturing

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THANK YOU!

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