Công nghệ WDM-PON

Ketnooi.
com din n cng ngh hng u
LI NI U
Trong nhng nm gn y, nhu cu v thng tin pht trin rt mnh trn ton
cu cng nh trong phm vi cc quc gia. p ng c yu cu i hi thng
tin ngy cng cao v a dng ca khch hng th vn v mt bng thng l v cng
quan trng, phi to mt ng truyn bng thng rng, tc cao v hn ch xy
ra tc nghn. to bng thng ln, mt gii php c a ra l s dng truy
nhp quang v ch c si quang mi m bo tc vi chc Mbps ti vi Gbps. Trn
th gii s dng kh ph bin mng truy nhp quang, cn Vit Nam th bt u
pht trin.
Trong cc phng php truy nhp quang th phng php truy nhp quang th
ng (PON) mang li hiu qu rt ln cho cc nh khai thc mng. Phng thc ny
c th da trn nn ATM (APON), trn nn Ethernet (EPON), bng rng (BPON) hay
s dng cng ngh Gigabit (GPON), s dng ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng
(WDM PON).
Vic s dng WDM c xem l cng ngh quan trng v hiu qu nht cho
ng truyn dn. Vi cng ngh WDM, nhiu knh quang, thm ch ti hng ngn
knh quang, truyn ng thi trn mt si, trong mi knh quang tng ng mt h
thng truyn dn c lp tc nhiu Gbps. Trong tt c cc mng quang th ng
trn th WDM-PON s l cng ngh ha hn nht cho cc mng truy nhp v n cung
cp bng thng rt ln. Gii php WDM PON ang trong qu trnh nghin cu hnh
thnh chun, v bc u c p dng th nghim. Ha hn cng ngh ny rt pht
trin trong tng lai.V vy em chn ti:
Kin trc v gii php ca WDM-PON. B cc ca n c trnh by nh
sau :
Chng I : Tng quan v cc cng ngh PON.
Chng II : Cc thit b trong WDM-PON.
Chng III : Kin trc v gii php ca WDM-PON.
Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti ThS. Nguyn Vit Hng, ngi tn
tnh hng dn em trong sut qu trnh lm n.
Xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong khoa Vin thng gip em
trong thi gian qua.
Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1
-i-
n tt nghip i Hc
Li ni u
MC LC
LI NI U................................................................................................................
MC LC...................................................................................................................... ii
DANH MC HNH V.................................................................................................v
DANH MC BNG BIU.........................................................................................vii
THUT NG VIT TT..........................................................................................viii
CHNG I TNG QUAN V CC CNG NGH PON.......................................1
1.1 Gii thiu v PON................................................................................................1
1.2 APON.................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.1 Kin trc phn lp APON................................................................................4
1.2.2 Lp hi t truyn dn TC................................................................................6
1.3 B-PON................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.1 Tng quan h thng B-PON............................................................................6
1.3.2 Thit b u cui ng quang........................................................................7
1.3.3 Mng quang th ng (PON)..........................................................................8
1.3.4 u cui mng quang......................................................................................9
1.4 EPON.................................................................................................................. 10
1.4.1 Kin trc EPON.............................................................................................10
1.4.2 M hnh ngn xp EPON...............................................................................12
1.4.3 Giao thc EPON............................................................................................12
1.4.4 Bo mt trong EPON.....................................................................................13
1.4.5 Nhng bc pht trin tip theo....................................................................13
1.5 GPON.................................................................................................................. 14
1.5.1 GPON v ITU-T G.984.................................................................................14
1.5.2 Kin trc GPON............................................................................................14
1.5.3 Lp hi t truyn dn G-PON.......................................................................15
1.6 WDM-PON.........................................................................................................17
1.6.1 Gii thiu.......................................................................................................17
1.6.2 u im v nhc im ca WDM PON......................................................19
1.6.3 Hng pht trin............................................................................................20
1.7 Kt lun chng 1..............................................................................................21
CHNG II CC THIT B TRONG WDM-PON.............................................22
2.1 Gii thiu WDM.................................................................................................22
- ii -
Ketnooi.com v s nghip gio dc
2.1.1 Khi nim......................................................................................................22

2.1.2 M hnh h thng WDM...............................................................................22
2.1.3 Cc cu hnh mng WDM.............................................................................24
2.1.4 S dng WDM trong PON............................................................................26
2.2 Nhng la chn thit b cho WDM-PON.........................................................29
2.2.1 La chn bc sng.....................................................................................29
2.2.2 Thit b pht...................................................................................................37
2.2.3 Thit b thu...................................................................................................43
2.2.4 Chn RN........................................................................................................44
2.3 Kt lun chng 2..............................................................................................46
CHNG III
KIN TRC V GII PHP CA WDM-PON...........................47
3.1 S WDN-PON n gin...............................................................................47

3.2 Cc kin trc WDM-PON.................................................................................48
3.2.1 PON hn hp (CPON)..................................................................................48
3.2.2 Mng nh tuyn truy nhp ni ht (LARNET).............................................49
3.2.3 Thm d t xa ca mng u cui (RITENET).............................................50
3.2.4 Kin trc WDM PON da vo AWG nhiu on..........................................51
3.2.5 Kin trc DWDM super PON (SPON)..........................................................52
3.2.6 Kin trc SUCCESS-DWA PON...................................................................53
3.3 Cc gii php mng WDM-PON......................................................................55
3.3.1 Chng ln mng.............................................................................................56
3.3.2 Chng ln dch v..........................................................................................57
3.3.3 WDM/TDM PON lai ghp............................................................................58
3.3.4 Ti cu hnh WDM PON...............................................................................62
3.4 Gii php WDM trong 10GEPON....................................................................63
3.4.1 Th h EPON k tip:10GEPON...................................................................63
3.4.2 Lp con ph thuc mi trng vt l............................................................64
3.4.3 Lp con iu chnh........................................................................................70
3.4.4 WDM trong cc knh truyn.........................................................................71
3.5 Kt lun chng 3..............................................................................................72
KT LUN..................................................................................................................73
TI LIU THAM KHO...........................................................................................74
- iii -
n tt nghip i Hc
Danh mc hnh v
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 S logic h thng mng PON..................................................................2
Hnh 1.2 Cu hnh chung ca mt mng PON..........................................................3
Hnh 1.3 Cu trc phn lp mng APON..................................................................5
Hnh 1.4 H thng B-PON chung...............................................................................7
Hnh 1.5 Lc y v B-PON OLT..................................................................8
Hnh 1.6 Thit k mng PON thc t.........................................................................9
Hnh 1.7 Lc lp cao ca h ONT....................................................................10
Hnh 1.8 Ngn xp EPON.........................................................................................12
Hnh 1.9 T-CONT miu t lin kt logic gia OLT v ONU...................................16
Hnh 1.10 ATM v GEM trn nn T-CONT.............................................................17
Hnh 1.11 Ngn xp giao thc ca lp hi t truyn dn G-PON (GTC)...............17
Hnh 1.12 WDM PON h tr a dch v...................................................................18
Hnh 2.1
H thng ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng quang...........................23
Hnh 2.2
Cu hnh im-im truyn n hng..................................................25
Hnh 2.3
Cu hnh mng Ring.................................................................................25
Hnh 2.4
Cu hnh mng Ring cho cc knh c qun l bi trm HUB...........26
Hnh 2.5
Vng lp photo th ng (PPL)...............................................................27
Hnh 2.6
Ph phn chia vi WDM...........................................................................28
Hnh 2.7
Gn bc sng cho CWDM .....................................................................30
Hnh 2.8
nh tuyn nng ng cc bc sng gia cc mng truy nhp........33
Hnh 2.9 Thay i lu lng trong mi trng thnh ph........................................35

Hnh 2.10 Gn di bc sng/nh cung cp dch v (U: knh ln;D: knh xung)
....................................................................................................................................... 37
Hnh 2.11 Cu trc ca mt Laser a tn.................................................................39
Hnh 2.12 Ngun xung Chirped WDM cho OLT......................................................41
Hnh 2.13 Trng th nghim ca mt WDM PON da trn s phi hp LD.....42
Hnh 2.14 Ngun chia s s dng SOA phn x.......................................................43
Hnh 2.15 RN da trn c tnh bc sng vng ca AWG....................................45
Hnh 3.1
Kin trc mng WDM-PON n gin....................................................48
Hnh 3.2
Kin trc ca CPON.................................................................................49
Hnh 3.3
Kin trc ca LARNET............................................................................50
Hnh 3.4
Kin trc ca RITENET...........................................................................51
-v-
n tt nghip i Hc
Danh mc hnh v
Hnh 3.5
Kin trc AWG a on............................................................................52
Hnh 3.6
Kin trc DWDM super-PON (SPON) dng ONU khng mu.............53
Hnh 3.7
Kin trc SUCCESS-DWA PON .............................................................54
Hnh 3.8
Nguyn l chng ln mng Coarse-WDM...................................................57
Hnh 3.9
Cc loi b sung ca chng ln................................................................58
Hnh 3.10 Cu hnh WDM/TDM lai ghp.................................................................59

Hnh 3.11 WDM/TDM trong ng xung.............................................................60
Hnh 3.12 WDM/TDM trong lung ln....................................................................61
Hnh 3.13 nh tuyn bc sng ng trong cc mng truy nhp lai ghp...........63
Hnh 3.14 Cp pht ng ca cc knh bc sng n cc n v mng quang. . .63
Hnh 3.15 K hoch cp pht bc sng cho (a) EPON v (b) 10G EPON............66
Hnh 3.16 Cc cu trc PMD vi b chia trong min quang (a) v min in (b).67
Hnh 3.17 Cc kin trc APD-TIA tc kp..........................................................69
Hnh 3.18 Bc sng trong 1/10 Gbit/s ng xung, 1/10 Gbit/s ng ln.......72
- vi -
n tt nghip i Hc
biu
Danh mc bng
DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 1.1 So snh gii php im - im, TDM PON v WDM PON....................19
Bng 1.2 So snh cc gii php mng PON.............................................................19
Bng 2.1 So snh CWDM v DWDM......................................................................24
- vii -
n tt nghip i Hc
tt
Thut ng vit
THUT NG VIT TT
A
APD
APON
Avalanche photodiode
ATM passive optical network
ASE
ATM
Amplified spontaneous emission

AsynchronousTransfer Mode
AWG
AWGR
B
BLS
BPON
C
CATV
CO
Arrayed Waveguide Grating

Arrayed-waveguide grating router
B tch quang thc

Mng quang th ng s dng
ATM
Bc x t pht c khuych i
Phng thc truyn dn khng
ng b
Cch t ng dn sng dy
Cch t ng dn sng dy Router
Broadband light sources

Broadband PON
Ngun sng rng

PON bng rng
Cable television
Central office
Truyn hnh cp
Trung tm chuyn mch
CPON
CW
D
DBA
DBR
DFB
DLC
Composite PON
Continuous Wave
PON hn hp
Sng lin tc
Bandwidth assignment
Distributed Bragg reflector
Distributed feedback
Digital loop carrier
DSL
DSLAM
DWA
DWDM
Digital subscriber line

DSL Access Module
Dynamic Wavelength Assignment
Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplex
Gn bng thng ng
Phn x Bragg phn b
Phn hi phn b
H thng truyn dn s trn mch
vng thu bao
ng dy thu bao s
Khi truy nhp DSL
Nhim v bc sng nng ng
Ghp knh mt cao phn chia
theo bc sng
Electroabsorption modulator
iu ch hp th in
Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

Ethernet PON
B khuych i quang si
PON s dng Ethernet
FabryPerot
Free spectral range
Fiber To The Building
Fiber To The Curb
Fiber To The Home
Khoang Fabry-perot
Dy quang ph t do
Cp quang ti cao c
Cp quang ti khu vc
Cp quang ti nh
High Definition TeleVision

Hybrid Fibre Coaxial
High-priority
Truyn hnh phn gii cao

Mng lai cp quang cp ng trc
u tin cao
E
EAM
EDFA
EPON
F
FP
FSR
FTTB
FTTC
FTTH
H
HDTV
HFC
HP
- viii -
n tt nghip i Hc
I
ISDN
ITU
L
LAN
LARNET
Thut ng vit tt
Inergrated Service Digital Network

International Telecommunication
Union
Mng s cc dch v thch hp

Lin hip vin thng quc t
Local Area Network

Local Access Router Network
Mng vng cc b
Mng truy nhp nh tuyn ni
ht
it bn dn
Thi gian iu ch di nht
LD
LPT
M
MAC
MDU
MFL
MLM
Laser diodes
Longest Processing Time
MPCP
N
NMS
O
OAM
ODN
OFDM
Multipoint control protocol
iu khin truy nhp phng tin

Nhiu n v dng li u n
Laser nhiu pha
Phng thc truyn thng a
phng ti n
Giao thc iu khin a im
Network Management System
H thng qun l mng
Optical Add Multiplexer

Optical Distribution Network
Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing
Optical line terminal
Optical network unit
B ghp knh quang

S phn b mng quang
Ghp knh phn chia theo tn s
trc giao
u cui ng quang
n v mng quang
Physical Coding Sublayer

Protocol Data Unit
Physical layer OAM
Physical Medium Attachment
Physical Medium Dependent
Passive Optical Network
Lp con m ha v t l
n v d liu giao thc
OAM lp v t l
Lp con gn kt vi mi trng
vt l
Mi trng vt l ph thuc
Mng quang th ng
Quality of Service
Cht lng dch v
Radio access point

Reflective electro-absorption
Modulator
Radio frequency
Remote Interrogation of Terminal
Network
im truy nh p v tuyn
iu ch in t phn x
OLT
ONU
P
PCS
PDU
PLOAM
PMA
PMD
PON
Q
QoS
R
RAP
REAM
RF
RITENET
Media access control

Multiple dwelling unit
Multifrequency Laser
Multilongitudinal-mode
- ix -
Tn s v tuyn
D hi xa ca mng u cui
n tt nghip i Hc
RN
RS
RSOA
Thut ng vit tt
Remote note
Reconciliation Sublayer
Reflective Semiconductor Optical
Amplifier
Remote Terminalnode
Node iu khin t xa
Lp con iu chnh
SOA phan x
Diode pht x nh sng bng rng
SOA
SONET
Superliminescent light emitting

diode
Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Synchronous Optical Network
T
TC
TDM
Transmission Convergence
Time Division Multiplexing
Time-division multiple access
Thermo- electric cooler
H i t truyn dn
Theo thi gian ghp knh phn
chia
a truy nhp phn chia theo m
Lm lnh Pin nhi t i n
Virtual Channel
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting
laser
Very-high-bit-rate DSL
Voice over IP
Virtual private network
Wavelength division
multiplengxing
Knh o
Laser pht quang l hng b m t
thng ng
ng dy thu bao s tc cao
Thoi qua IP
Mng ring o
Ghp knh phn chia theo bc
sng
RT
S
SLED
TDMA
TEC
V
VC
VCSEL
VDSL
VoIP
VPN
WDM
-x-
u cui xa
B khuych i quang bn dn
Chun xc nh truyn thng trn
cp quang
n tt nghip i Hc
Chng I Tng quan v cc cng ngh PON
CHNG I TNG QUAN V CC CNG NGH PON

1.1 Gii thiu v PON
Ta c th phn mng truy nhp quang thnh h thng tch cc v th ng ph
thuc vo cc c tnh ca thit b gia trm trung tm v nh ca thu bao.
Hu ht cc mng vin thng ngy nay u da trn cc thit b tch cc, ti
tng i ca nh cung cp dch v ln thit b u cui ca khch hng cng nh cc
trm lp, cc thit b chuyn tip v mt s cc thit b khc trn ng truyn. Tch
cc c ngha l cc thit b ny cn phi cung cp ngun cho mt s thnh phn,
thng l b x l, cc chp nhvv.
Vi mng quang th ng PON tt c cc thnh phn tch cc gia nt dch v
v ngi s dng s khng cn m thay vo l cc thit b quang th ng, iu
hng cc lu lng trn mng da trn vic phn tch nng lng ca hoc cc bc
sng quang hc ti cc im u cui trn ng truyn. Vic thay th cc thit b tch
cc s tit kim chi ph cho cc nh cung cp dch v v h khng cn cn n nng
lng v cc thit b ch ng trn ng truyn na. Cc b ghp/tch th ng ch
lm cc cng vic n thun nh cho i qua hoc chn nh sng li V th, khng
cn nng lng hay cc ng tc x l tn hiu no v t , gn nh ko di v hn
thi gian trung bnh gia hai ln li MTBF, gim chi ph bo tr tng th cho cc nh
cung cp dch v. Mt h thng mng PON thng thng bao gm cc thit b kt cui
knh quang OLT t ti CO v b cc n v mng quang ONU c t ti nh ngi
s dng. Gia chng l h thng mng phn phi quang ODN bao gm cp quang, cc
thit b ghp/tch th ng, hnh 1.1.
Cng ngh truy nhp quang c th c nhn nhn theo mc cp quang ha
mng truy nhp vi khi nim v kin trc mng FTTx theo kiu cu hnh sao, bao
gm h cc kin trc sau:
Cp quang ti tn Office FTTO.
Cp quang ti tn khu dn c FTTC.
Cp quang ti tn khu cng s FTTB.
Cp quang ti tn h gia nh FTTH.
Ngoi ra, nh trn hnh 1.2, cn c vo vic phn tch thng tin ca ngi dng
ta c th phn chia cc mng PON nh sau:
-1-
n tt nghip i Hc
Mng WDMA PON, do gi c ca gii php ny t cho nn cha l mt

gii php cho mng truy nhp ti mc cng ngh hin nay. C mt vi gii php ci
tin nh l WRPON (gii php ny s dng mt AWG thay v mt b hp tch quang
da trn bc sng), mc d vy gi c cng khng phi l r.
Mng TDMA PON s dng gn cc khe thi gian cho cc thu bao khc nhau
v s dng hai bc sng cho lung ln v lung xung. TDMA PON c bit n
ban u l APON v sau c thay th bi tn l BPON nm 2001.
VDSL
FTTC
VDSL
FTTB
Tng i
VDSL
PON
FTTB
FTTC
VDSL
FTTB
Hnh 1.1 S logic h thng mng PON

Nm 1997 FSAN xut ln ITU-T v sau mt thi gian ITU-T cng b
b chun lin quan n BPON c th l :
G983.1 : Nm 1998, trnh by v lp vt l ca h thng APON/BPON.
G983.2: Nm 1999, c tnh ca giao din iu khin v qun l ONT
G983.3: Ph chun nm 2001, c tnh m rng cung cp nhng dch v
thng qua phn b bc sng.
G983.4 : Thng qua nm 2001, m t nhng c ch cn thit h tr
phn b bng tn ng trong cc ONT ca cng mt mng PON.
G983.5: Thng qua nm 2002, xc nh nhng c ch chuyn mch bo
v cho BPON
-2-
n tt nghip i Hc
G983.6: Thng qua nm 2002, nh ngha nhng m rng cho giao din
iu khin cn thit cho qun l nhng chc nng chuyn mch ti ONT
G983.7: Thng qua nm 2001, nh ngha nhng m rng cho giao din
iu khin cn thit cho qun l nhng chc nm DBA ti ONT.
G983.8: Thng qua nm 2003, xc nh nhng m rng cho giao din
iu khin cn thit cho qun l nhng dch v m rng ti ONT.

Sau vt qua ngng tc 622Mbps ca BPON v tng tnh hiu qu
ca BPON cho nhng lu lng s liu, nm 2001 FSAN a ra GPON s dng
th tc nh khung chung GFP, cho php hot ng ch khung thay i v t bo
ATM. Nm 2003- 2004, da trn nhng xut ca FSAN, ITU-T a ra h thng
chun v GPON (G984.1, G984.2 v G984.3), chi tit v chun ny c th tham kho
a chun ITU-T nm 2004, vi nhng c im c bn sau:
G984.1: m t nhng c tnh chung ca h thng GPON nh l kin
trc, tc bit, bo v v bo mt
G984.2: Xc nh nhng thng s ca GPON ti tc ln l (155Mbps,
622Mbps, 1,5Gbps, 2, 5GBps ), xung l (1,5Gbps v 2,5Gbps)
G984.3 : M t nhng c tnh v khung hi t truyn dn ca GPON;
bn tin, phng php xc nh khong, hot ng, gim st, nhng chc
nng bo dng, v bo mt.
ONU1
ONU2
ONU3
ONU1
OLT
OLT
ONU3
ONU2
ONU4
ONU4
(a) Cu trc hnh cy (s dng b chia 1xN)
(b) Cu trc bus (s dng b chia 1x2)
ONU2
ONU1
OLT
ONU4
(c) Cu trc vng (s dng b chia 2x2)
Hnh 1.2 Cu hnh chung ca mt mng PON
-3-
ONU3
n tt nghip i Hc
Vi mt hng pht trin khc, khi m Ethernet pht trin rng khp, mng
quang th ng da trn Ethernet EPON hnh thnh nm 2001, ng gi d liu trong
khung Ethernet theo chun IEEE 802.3, s dng m ng 8b/10b hot ng vi tc
1G s dng MAC ca 802.3. Sau ny nhng phin bn tip theo cho php EPON
hot ng nhng tc cao hn na.
Trong cc gii php mng PON, gii php EPON c h tr v pht trin
nhanh nht. Nhiu nh cung cp dch v chn gii php ny lm mng truy nhp
v truyn ti lu lng mng Metro (MEN) cung cp a dch v. Tuy nhin c ch
duy tr v phc hi mng ca gii php EPON cn chm nn ch c th p dng cho
mng c quy m va v nh.
1.2 APON
APON l s kt hp gia phng thc truyn ti khng ng b ATM vi mng
truy nhp quang th ng PON.
Mng APON s dng cng ngh ATM l giao thc truyn tin. Cng ngh ATM
cung cp s mm do theo khi nim trong sut dch v v phn b bng tn, ngoi
ra cn c nhng tnh nng rt hu ch cho hot ng khai thc v bo dng cc kt
ni t u cui n u cui nh gim c chi ph hot ng ca mng. Cc u
im ca ATM c kt hp vi mi trng truyn dn l si quang vi ti nguyn
bng tn dng nh l v hn to ra mt mng truy nhp bng rng c bit ti
nh l BPON.
1.2.1 Kin trc phn lp APON
M hnh phn lp mng ATM c trnh by trn hnh 1.3 gm c lp mi
trng truyn dn v lp ng, lp mi trng truyn dn phn chia thnh lp mi
trng vt l v lp hi t truyn dn .
Trong mng ATM-PON lp ng tng ng vi lp ng o ca lp ATM
Lp di cng l lp phng tin vt l thc hin giao tip vi phn quang ca mng
(hay chnh l mng phn phi quang ODN). Lp ny thc hin cc chc nng: chuyn
i in-quang, nhn/truyn cc tn hiu n/i phng tin vt l ti mt trong ba
bc sng quang (1310, 1490, 1550nm), kt ni vi si quang ca ODN. Cu trc ca
lp tun theo tp cc tham s quang in c chun ha.
Gia lp phng tin vt l v lp ng (giao din m qua t bo ATM
c phn phi ti lp khch hng) l lp hi t truyn dn TC (tng ng vi lp 2
trong m hnh OSI). Lp TC c phn chia thnh lp con truyn dn PON v lp con
-4-
n tt nghip i Hc
thch ng nm trn, tng ng vi lp con hi t truyn dn ca m hnh B-ISDN.

Lp con thch ng c chun ha da trn chun ATM trn c s cp ng truyn
thng [ITU I.732]. Chc nng ca lp ny l chuyn i gia khung 125s mc ngi
dng (n v d liu giao thc PDU) v t bo ATM.
Lp ng
Chuyn i t bo ATM v cc
khung d liu ngi dng
Lp
mi
trng
truyn
dn
Lp
hi
t
truyn
dn
Lp con Thch
Lp thch ng ca B-ISDN
ng
- Sp xp
- Cp pht khe t bo
Lp con truyn
dn PON
- Cp pht bng tn
- Bo mt v an ton
- ng chnh khung
- ng b cm(Burst)
- ng b bit/byte
- Tng thch E/O
Lp vt l
- Ghp bc sng
- Kt ni si quang
Hnh 1.3 Cu trc phn lp mng APON

Lp ny khng ging nh cc lp trn l cc thnh phn phn cng ch khng
phi l phn mm. Phn cng ny c nh ngha bi cc chun [G.983.1 & G.983.3]
v tun theo cc tham s sau:
Tc bit: 155.52 hoc 622.08Mb/s ng xung v 155.52Mb/s
ng ln
Bc sng: 1260 n 1360nm ng ln, 1480 n 1580nm ng
xung
Dng lu lng: s c hai hng, h tr tng t ng xung.
-5-
n tt nghip i Hc
T l chia cng sut quang: ln n 32, con s ny b gii hn bi suy hao

ODN
1.2.2 Lp hi t truyn dn TC
1.2.2.1 Lp con truyn dn PON ca lp hi t truyn dn
Lp con truyn dn TS hon ton lm vic vi t bo. Theo hng v, lp ny
nhn cc t bo t tn hiu in do lp phng tin vt l a n, ng b ti mc bit
v byte, gii hn t bo v khung c xc nh, mo u c tch v x l, chuyn
cc lung t bo ln lp cao hn tip theo. Theo hng i, qu trnh x l din ra
ngc li. Trong lp ny, giao thc sp xp c s dng m bo rng cc t bo
n t cc ONU khc nhau khng chng lp ln nhau. Ngoi ra n cn thc hin hai
chc nng quan trng khc l gn bng tn ng (DBA) v mt m ha.
1.2.2.2 Lp con thch ng ca lp hi t truyn dn
y l lp m c s chuyn i din ra gia t bo ATM v PDU (c th
l: SONET/SDH, xDSL, cc PDU da trn khung 125s [ITU I.732] ca cc cng ty
in thoi). Lp ny khng cung cp giao din vi cc lu lng trn c s gi nh
Ethernet hay IP. cung cp nhng giao din ny ta phi c 1 phn mm chuyn i
thm vo, phn ny khng trong phm vi chun.
1.3 B-PON
1.3.1 Tng quan h thng B-PON
Lc h thng B-PON chung trong hnh 1.4. Chng bao gm OLT, PON v
ONT. OLT c chc nng (1) h tr cc giao din B-PON, (2) tng thch lu lng
giao din user cho truyn ti thng qua B-PON.
Ch rng, OLT bao gm hay phn thit b ring bit: B-PON OLT v b
khuch i erbium EDFA cung cp tn hiu Video cho PON. Hai u ra l kt hp s
dng thit b ghp knh WDM, l tch bit mt trong hai thit b OLT linh hot.
Mt ONT c th c nhiu dng khc nhau cho cc khch hng khc nhau. S a dng
ny bao gm mt gia nh nh, nhiu gia nh, t chc thng mi nh, nhiu t chc
thng mi v ONT dung lng cao. ng thi ch rng, trong nhiu trng hp,
ONT s thc hin phi hp gia cc thit b in khch hng khc nhau (v d nh
router mng ti nh, b tng thch khng dy).
-6-
n tt nghip i Hc
OLT
PSTN
BPON with Overlay
BPON ONT-SFU,SBU
and MTU/MDU
WDM
Internet
1:32
Triple
play
Services
Video
Distributio
n
EDFA
Hnh 1.4 H thng B-PON chung.

1.3.2 Thit b u cui ng quang
OLT l Hub ca mng PON, v l phn quan trng nht ca mng. Hu ht OLT
u da trn ghp knh ATM trung tm hoc thit k Switch, trong , switch kt hp
vi tt c cc PON c h tr theo mt giao din kt ni mng core, nh hnh 1.5.
Vic thit k ny lm gim s giao din switch cn thit v cho php ghp knh thng
k cc dng lu lng ngi dng. Trong trng hp sau, mi switch theo bo v 1+1,
chnh l l do v sao c hai switch v mi switch u c kt ni c lp ti mi giao
din ng dy. Tuy nhin, mt s OLT khng thc thi nh mt switch trung tm, v
thay v a ra cng SNI cho mi giao din PON. iu ny lm gim gi thnh OLT
khi yu cu nhiu giao din switch ti mng core.
OLT thng mi pht trin cc nhnh sn phm vin thng. Do ATM da
trn B-PON, im bt u ca hu ht cc OLT u l chuyn mch ATM hoc ghp
knh truy cp DSL (DSLAM). Trong mt s cc trng hp gn y, thm ch sng
mang lp s (DLC) chuyn cc sao B-PON OLT. Nn tng DSL v DLC c mt s u
im khi chng c trin khai; tuy nhin, chng thng c gii hn v bng tn lm
nh hng ti tc v s a dng v dch v.
OLT n gin nht s a tt c cc lu lng t PON sang giao din ATM ti
mng core. N hng ti yu cu cc box thch ng dch v trong mng vi d liu,
server truy cp t xa bng rng (BRAS); i vi thoi, ATM ti gateway thoi. Hu ht
cc tnh nng OLT u hng ti tch hp nhng chc nng ny cho thit b OLT,
thng l card giao din c bit.
-7-
n tt nghip i Hc
OLT
PON
ATM
ATM
Interface
OS-3/12
Interface
Switch
0
ATM
PON
Interface
PON
Interface
Interface
PON
Cng
thoi
Interface
TDM
DS-1/3
Switch
1
Cng
thoi
B- PON
PON
Interface
PON
Interface
Hnh 1.5 Lc y v B-PON OLT

1.3.3 Mng quang th ng (PON)
Mng quang th ng bao gm chun cp quang n mode (ITU-T G.652), b
chia quang theo bc sng, b lc WDM, v cc thit b khc ca b kt ni v b
chia. Thit k quang trng nht ca PON l tp cc tn tht ca n. Chun B-PON
phn chia thnh 3 loi tn tht (A, B, v C), nhng nhng loi ny c gi gn vo
vo nhng tp cc c t m khng c mi quan h g vi cc yu cu cp quang hay
cc thit b hin ti.
Do , nn cng nghip c cho rng s hi t trn tp cc quang trn lp B
(25dB tn tht) v lp C (30dB tn tht). Tp hp hng ti d tr dng lin kt ln
1310nm hn l dng lin kt xung. N thc hin tt hn trn mng PON v tn
tht quang ti 1310 nm l ln hn so vi 1490 nm. Do vy, s b sung tt nht l Lp
B+. Mng thc t trong hnh 1.6. Cu ni cp quang c s dng kt ni thit b
OLT v EDFA ti thit b WDM. Mt cu ni khc c s dng kt ni t thit b
WDM ti cp quang thit b fide. Tt c cc cu ni / u ni thm b tn tht tn hiu
vo nhm tnh ton. B phn cha thng c dng chia cp fide, sau cp phn
phi c chia ra trn thit b chia. C b chia phn phi v tp trung u c th dng.
Cp quang phn phi c a ti v tr thu bao, thng qua im truy cp c lp
t. S suy gim ny thng c kt ni c hai u, v cm vo im truy nhp suy
gim ti mt u, v u kia l trn ONT.
S phn x cng l mt nhn t quan trng, c bit l vi dch v video tng
t. Tn hiu analog khng chu phn x c tt, v cp quang phi c thit k
gim s phn x ny. Hai hng chnh l :
-8-
n tt nghip i Hc
Gim s connector bng vic chia nh ra

S dng conector tip xc vt l (APC) thng qua ng video
Kt ni
.Ghp lin tip
CO
OLT
ONU
ONU
Video
ONU
EDFA
WDM
Gi
quang
Hnh 1.6 Thit k mng PON thc t

1.3.4 u cui mng quang
ONT l gateway khch hng ti mng quang, v chu trch nhim to tt c
cc dch v m khch hng yu cu. Do , n hng ti cc thit b kh phc tp m
c th bao gm mt s lng ln cc giao din v giao thc. Mt khc, ONT c
thit k cho mt s thu bao nh hn rt nhiu ln. N yu cu ONT khng qu t
d dng bo tr. S xung t gia hiu nng v gi thnh ONT l yu t quan trng
nht ca s pht trin PON, v vn l im mu cht ca h thng PON ngy nay.
Lc ca ONT SFU nh hnh 1.7. Thit b chnh l b tam cng quang (cho
ghp/ tch ba bc sng 1310, 1490 v 1550 nm), b iu khin truy cp ng truyn
B-PON (MAC), b x mng v thit b lp vt l giao din ngi dng. B tam cng
cung cp b chuyn i quang-in, v thng cung cp khuch i RF cho giao din
video. B-PON MAC a ra b tam cng vi giao thc G-983.1, v a giao din
Utopia ATM cho b x l. B x l mng cung cp chc nng lin mng ATM cho
dch v tng tc. Dch v thoi s dng Lp 2 thch ng ATM (AAL2), v dch v d
liu AAL5. B x l sau hng ti thit b lp vt l ngi dng (mch giao din
ng dy thu bao (SLIC) cho thoi v PHY Erthernet cho d liu). V vn in,
ONT yu cu cu trc khung chng c nc, b cung cp ngun, u ni, nh sng
-9-
n tt nghip i Hc
ch th, v cc tnh nng an ton. Ngoi ra cc thit b c thit k yu cu gn gng

v d thc hin.
ONT
DiPlex
Ethernet
PHY
Ba lp
quang
PON
MAC
Power
X l quang
SLIC
SLAC
Hnh 1.7 Lc lp cao ca h ONT

Mt loi ONT khc l khi ti nh thu bao (MDU) ONT. Thit b ny c
thit k h tr 8 ~ 16 t mt ONT, nh trong mt ta nh. Ngc li vi SFU ONT,
MDU ONT c thit k cc khe slot, nhm h tr cc card giao din mm do. N
cho php nh khai thc dch v c th ci t cc card dch v hn hp ty theo yu
cu, v n cng c kh nng pht trin card dch v mi h tr cho tng lai. Khi
MDU cng h tr ng dng FTTC (Fiber to the Curb Thay th dy ng), trong
cc khi thit b c ci t bin. Vi nhng nh hng xm, mt v tr c th phc
v 8~12 nh vi hiu nng cao. S khc bit chnh l thit b ny tr nn mt phn
thit b mng (v ONU), v cng sut c cung cp t mng (thng s dng dng
cung cp c in th -130 V DC t trung tm). Cui cng, mc d hu ht kiu ONT
c trin khai rng ri l Erthernet ONT, NTT vn c trin khai ln ti hn 1 triu
thit b. Theo thit k ny, ONT chuyn xung ch cn mt thit b cho dch v
Ethernet. Trong mt s trng hp, thit b B-PON MAC to ra giao din Ethernet trc
tip, v c t hn mt b tip nhn quang v chip bn dn n trong box. Mt khc,
khi c thit b cho mi trng trong nh, theo gim c chi ph ngun cung
cp v lp t. Do vy, ONT c th c chi ph ch bng mt na so vi SFU ONT.
1.4 EPON
1.4.1 Kin trc EPON
- 10 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Kin trc IEEE 802 cho rng tt c mi trm truyn thng trong tng phn ca
mt mng LAN u c kt ni ti mt thit b dng chung. Trong mt thit b dng
chung, tt c cc trm u c coi nh thuc v mt phm vi truy nhp n, y
phn ln cc trm c th pht tn hiu mt thi gian v tt c cc trm khc c th
nhn tn hiu trong ton b khong thi gian .
Nhng vng a truy nhp c th c ni lin vi nhau bng mt thit b c
gi l bridge. Nhng bridge la chn chuyn tip nhng gi tin to ra mt cu trc
ca mng LAN bao gm ton b cc vng truy nhp. Vic la chn chuyn tip s
ngn chn vic truyn dn mt gi tin trong nhng vng m khng cha bt c mt
trm ch ca gi tin ny. Cu ni ca nhiu LAN uc s dng m rng cung cp
kh nng qun l c lp ca nhng vng truy nhp, tng s trm hoc phm vi vt
l ca mt mng xa hn gii hn ca nhng phn LAN ring bit v ci thin s
lng u vo.
Trong mt trng hp xa, mt vng truy nhp c th bao gm mt trm. Tiu
biu l nhiu vng trm n c kt ni bng lin kt im - im (P2P) ti mt
bridge, cu hnh ca mt LAN chuyn mch
Da vo khi nim vng truy nhp, nhng bridge khng bao gi chuyn tip
mt khung tr li cng li vo ca n. Trong trng hp vng truy nhp bao gm
nhiu trm, n c cho rng ton b cc trm kt ni ti cng ging nhau trn
bridge c th lin lc vi mt trm khc khng thng qua bridge. Trong trung hp
LAN chuyn mch, khng th c s d dng tip nhn trong vng truy nhp ca ni
gi, v khng c khung no c chuyn tip tr li.
C mt vn cn quan tm trong phng thc hot ng bridge ny l:
Ngi dng kt ni ti nhng ONU khc trong cng mt PON khng th thuc
cng LAN v khng c kh nng lin lc vi mt ngi dng khc lp 2 (lp lin kt
d liu). Nguyn nhn l phng tin PON khng cho php cc ONU lin lc theo mt
hng khc, bi tnh nh hng ca nhng b tch/ghp th ng. OLT ch c mt
cng n kt ni ti tt c cc ONU, v mt bridge c t vo trong OLT s khng
bao gi chuyn tip mt khung d liu tr li cng m n i vo. Nhim v trong
IEEE 802.3ah, vn ny t ra mt cu hi v EPON tun theo kin trc IEEE 802,
c bit vi cu ni P802.1D.
Trong EPON c nhng cu hnh nh sau :
M hnh cu hnh im im (P2PE).
- 11 -
n tt nghip i Hc
M hnh chia s phng tin (SME)

M hnh kt hp P2PE v SME.
Gii php cui cng
1.4.2 M hnh ngn xp EPON
Ngn xp ca EPON c mt s thay i ln so vi Ethernet 802.3 ban u
bi v nhng nhng chun cu hnh ca cc PON. ln xut bn trc ca chun
802.3 s dng cu hnh im - im (P2P) m y cc mng PON yu cu cu
hnh im - a im (P2MP). Ngn xp EPON mi vi mt s thch ng cho P2MP
c ch ra hnh 1.8. y c b sung lp iu khin MAC a im.
LAN
Lp CSMA/CD
M hnh tham chiu OSI
Nhng lp cao hn
Mng
LLC hoc MAC khc
Lin kt d liu
OAM (ty chn)
Vt l
iu khin MAC a im
MAC
Ha hp
MAC : iu khin truy nhp mi trng
GMII
CSMA/CD: a truy nhp cm nhn sng mang/

pht hin xung t.
PCS
GMII: Giao din c lp mi trng Gigabit
PMA
PCS: Lp con m ha vt l
PMD
PMD: Ph thuc mi trng vt l
MDI
MDI: Giao din phc thuc mi trng
Mi trng PON
Hnh 1.8 Ngn xp EPON

1.4.3 Giao thc EPON
x l cc yu cu v lu lng trong lung ln, EPON s dng giao thc
iu khin a im MPCP. y l giao thc da trn vic truyn cc khung, da trn
vic truyn cc bn tin iu khin lp MAC 64 byte. Cc bn tin ny kt hp vi lu
- 12 -
n tt nghip i Hc
lng ng xung cung cp vic truyn dn ty cho cc khung Ethernet 802.3.

Cc chc nng ca MPCP l :
Yu cu v phn b bng tn
Tha thun cc tham s
Qun l v nh thi lung xung t cc ONU trnh ng
Sp xp v ti u ha cc khe thi gian lung xung gim st tr
T ng khi phc v ng k cc ONU
1.4.4 Bo mt trong EPON
Cc k thut PON rt hn ch trong vic chng nghe ln v chng n cp cc
dch v, nhng xut v c cu bo mt trong tiu chun 802.3ah khng c c
nhng h tr cn thit, thay vo l cc tiu chun v c cu bo mt trong 802.1ae.
Do cc tiu chun ny khng hon thnh vo ng lc cc tiu chun v EPON ra i
nn hu ht cc mng EPON c trin khai trn th gii hin nay u s dng mt c
ch bo mt duy nht. Trong vi trng hp, cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng ln
a ra c ch bo mt ring ca mnh, c ch ny khng nhng p ng c cc yu
cu k thut cn thit m cn c th c coi l mi trng gim st ni ht. V d, h
thng mt m ha thng tin AES khng c k hoch bo mt khi c ng dng ti
Trung Quc v cc nh cung cp EPON phi s dng phng php xo trn do
cng ty vin thng Trung Quc cung cp bo mt cho ng xung.
C cu mt m ha ca EPON c da trn thut ton mt m ha tin tin
AES do vin k thut v tiu chun ca Hoa K xut bn [FIPS197]. AES cho php s
dng cc t kha 128 bit, 192 bit hay 256 bit. Cu trc khung Ethernet bao gm c
phn m u v IPG khng b thay i ph hp vi cc tiu chun ca IEEE v
trnh nhng b sung sau ny ca tiu chun IEEE 802.3. m bo tnh c nhn cao,
phng php ny mt m ha ton b mt khung Ethernet, bao gm c phn tiu
ca Ethernet v trng FCS. Cc bn tin OAM v MPCP cng c mt m ha.
1.4.5 Nhng bc pht trin tip theo
Nhng tim nng ca EPON l g? Cu hi ny c tr li bi nhm lm
vic IEEE 802.3 vo thng 3 nm 2006 khi h thnh cng trong vic nghin cu t
c cu hnh EPON 10 Gb/s.
EPON 10 Gb/s l mt bc tin mi trong vic tng dung lng, n h tr hiu
qu cho vic truyn tn hiu truyn hnh cht lng cao v nhu cu h tr mng ng
- 13 -
n tt nghip i Hc
trc v tuyn th h k tip. Nghin cu ca IEEE 802.3 v EPON 10 Gb/s tp trung

vo nh ngha mt lp vt l im a im mi, duy tr lp MAC, iu khin MAC
v tt c cc lp bn trn khng b thay i theo phm vi rng nht c th. iu ny c
ngha l cc sng mang vn c kin trc nh c v c tng thch vi h thng qun
l mng NMS, cc hot ng ca lp PON, qun l v h thng OAM...
Nhm nghin cu EPON 10 Gb/s t ra nhng mc tiu cho c truyn dn
trn ng dy i xng v bt i xng. H thng i xng s hot ng tc 10
Gb/s c lung ln v lung xung. H thng bt i xng s dng lung xung 10
Gb/s v lung ln 1 Gb/s, a s ging nh cc tiu chun sn c ca IEEE 802.3ah cho
lung ln.
im nhn mnh ca cu trc i xng l hot ng truyn dn theo ch
cm tc 10 Gb/s. M ha ng dy 64b/66b c dng trong lp vt l Ethernet
10 Gb/s l cn thit FEC.
EPON 10 Gb/s c nh gi l c tnh hiu qu kinh t cao, n cung cp bng
thng ln hn mng CATV s dng DOSIS 3.0. y chnh l nguyn nhn ch yu
lm cho EPON 10 Gb/s l mt cng ngh c kh nng thay th cho cc mng CATV
th h tip theo. N cng cho php thay i mt cch t bin bng thng d liu sn
c cho cc thu bao m khng cn vic ngi qun l ng dy thay i cch phn
phi video sn c.
1.5 GPON
1.5.1 GPON v ITU-T G.984
Nh gii thch trn, ITU-T G.983 da trn c s cng ngh ATM. Nhng,
ATM khng tn ti c nh mong mun, l tr thnh giao thc mng ph bin, nhm
truyn ti nhiu ng dng khc nhau. Thay vo , Ethernet v IP li lm rt thnh
cng trong vai tr . Trong ITU-T G.983, OLT v ONU c y cc chc nng
chuyn mch VP v VC. Chng yu cu APON ONU v OLT thc thi chuyn mch
ATM. M hnh thch ng phc tp, v h tr QoS lm cho gi thnh ca switch ATM
tr nn kh t. Hn na, chng cn thit thc thi chuyn i gia ATM v cc giao
thc s dng ti UNI v SNI. Nhng yu cu ny lm tng chi ph h thng v phc
tp, v gy tr ngi cho s pht trin h thng APON trong s tin trin nhanh chng
ca truyn thng bng rng trn ton th gii.
t c cc yu cu ca cng ngh truyn thng, p ng tc tng
trng nhanh nh vy, ITU-T to ra cc chun thuc h G-984 cho PON vi tc ln
ti Gigabit, hoc G-PON.
- 14 -
n tt nghip i Hc
1.5.2 Kin trc GPON

ITU-T G.984.1 a ra ci nhn tng quan v lp cao ca cc linh kin G-PON
v kin trc tham kho. Lp G-PON PMD hay cc yu cu truyn nhn u thuc
chun ITU-T. Ging nh APON, G-PON cng nh ngha cp n, v cp i PMD.
Tc bit c nh ngha trong G.984 l:
Dng xung 1244.16 Mbps/ 2488.32 Mbps
Dng ln: 155.52 Mbps/ 622.08 Mbps/ 1244.16 Mbps/ 2488.32 Mbps.
Phn ny a ra lp quang vi tc giao din Gigabit c t trong G.984.2.
Ti thi im xut bn, tc 2488.32 Mbps ng ln c a ra nghin cu v
kt lun. Tc bit tin ln Gigabit, lp quang PON bt u c pht trin. u tin,
t c ph 20km, lazer a mode (MLM) khng th c s dng ti ONU
trnh vic tn sc xy ra. Th hai, t c yu cu v tn tht cho lp B (10-25
dB), v lp C (15-30dB), photo-diode thc (APD) c yu cu thay th cho b thu
PIN chi ph thp hn. Khng c mch bo v, APD d b tn thng hn khi u vo
quang c cng sut qu ln.
Vi cng mt tn tht nh trong APON, h tr tc bit cao, cng sut
pht ln c s dng trong G-PON p ng cc yu cu v cng sut. iu ny
cng dn ti b thu G-PON iu khin c cng sut ti thu ln hn v do
khong cch thu ng ln hn. t c yu cu v thc thi trn b thu OLT ng
ln, G-PON c t lp cng sut cho iu khin cng sut ng
Trong thit b lp cng sut, OLT dng cn bng cng sut nhn c t cc
ONU khc nhau, bng ch th ONU tng hoc gim cng sut khi chy. Kt qu l,
mt ONU gn OLT nht th c s tn thp thp hn c, khi chy cng sut nh hn.
L thuyt v mc nng lng v iu khin cng sut s dng trong mng t bo nhm
trnh hiu ng xuyn m gn xa v tit kim cng sut thit b t bo.
1.5.3 Lp hi t truyn dn G-PON
Chc nng chnh ca lp hi t truyn dn G-PON (GTC) l cung cp ghp
knh gia OLT v ONU. Cc chc nng khc cung cp bi GTC gm:
Thch nghi cc giao thc tn hiu ti client.
Chc nng OAM lp vt l (PLOAM).
Giao din cp pht bng tn ng (DBA)
- 15 -
n tt nghip i Hc
S ng k v nh khong cch ONU.

Hiu chnh li trc (Ty chn)
M ha d liu dng xung (Ty chn)
Knh truyn thng cho OMCI
Chc nng GTC l nhn din b truyn dn hoc T-CONT. Mi T-CONT, c
nhn din bi gi tr cp pht ID (Alloc-ID) ch nh bi OLT, cho thy lin kt truyn
thng logic gia OLT v ONU. Mi ONU n c ch nh mt hoc nhiu cc TCONTs nh hnh 1.9. Nm kiu T-CONT khc nhau vi c tnh QoS khc nhau cng
c nh ngha trong ITU-T G.983.4. Chun G-PON nh ngha hai mode thc thi,
ATM v GEM (mode ng gi G-PON). Mode ng gi GEM tng t nh b to
khung chung (GFP). Mt T-CONT c th da trn ATM hoc GEM. Mt ATM da
trn mch o ghp T-CONT theo VPI v VCI, ni m GEM da trn T-CONT bao gm
cc kt ni theo s cng 12 bit. M t nh hnh 1.10. Ngn xp giao thc ca GTC nh
hnh 1.11. Mc d t l phn chia v phm vi vt l c nh ngha l ln ti 20km v
t l 1:32 theo chun G-984.2, lp GTC c c t l t c khong cch logic ln
nht l 60 km, t l phn chia ln ti 128, nhm d phng cho s pht trin trong
tng lai. T l phn chia cao v khong cch trung bnh di ang c nghin cu
di mt lot cc d n PON trn ton th gii. ONU v OLT c th h tr ATM hoc
GEM trn c s T-CONT hoc c hai (Dual mode). Tuy nhin, G-PON trn c s ATM
T-CONT khng tng thch ngc vi APON. Do , thc t l, hu ht cc G-PON
ch thc thi GEM trn c s T-CONT.
- 16 -
n tt nghip i Hc

Nhn dng bi Alloc-ID
T-CONT
O
N
U
T-CONT
O
L
T
O
N
U
T-CONT
O
N
U
T-CONT
Nhn dng bi ONU ID
Hnh 1.9 T-CONT miu t lin kt logic gia OLT v ONU

Nhn dng
bi Alloc-ID
Nhn
dang bi
VPI
VP
ATM-based
T-CONT
Nhn dng bi
Alloc-ID
Nhn dng
bi VCI
Nhn dng
bi port ID
Port
VC
GEMGEM-based
based
T-CONT
T-CONT
Port
VC
VP
VC
Hnh 1.10 ATM v GEM trn nn T-CONT
- 17 -
Port
n tt nghip i Hc
ATM
client
PLOAM
Lp
Con
ng
khung
OMCI
GEM
client
TC adaptation
sublayer
Thch ng
(GTC)
Thch ng ATM TC
Thch ng GEM TC
iu khin DBA
Lp con ng khung (GTC)

Phng tin truyn thng ph thuc lp vt l (GPM)
Hnh 1.11 Ngn xp giao thc ca lp hi t truyn dn G-PON (GTC)

Lp GTC h tr truyn dn 8 kHz t OLT n ONU v tn hiu tham chiu
1kHz t OLT n ONU s dng knh iu khin.
1.6 WDM-PON
1.6.1 Gii thiu
Mt mng quang th ng c xem xt nh l mt cng ngh truy nhp bng
rng hp dn gii quyt vn tc nghn mng. Mt PON, ni chung, s dng
truyn dn quang th ng im ti im gm b phn mng : feeder v phn phi.
Gia on feeder v on phn phi, s dng mt nt u xa (RN), thng l mt b
ghp hnh sao th ng, ci t b chia cng sut ti truyn dn ng xung v
phi hp cc lung d liu quang ng ln t cc ngi s dng. u khc ca on
feeder, thng l cp quang di, c ni ti thit b u cui ng dy quang (OLT)
t ti c quan trung tm (CO), trung tm ny cung cp lin kt gia PON v mng
ng trc chnh. OLT phn phi cc dch v qua feeder quang di v on phn phi
cu hnh hnh sao th ng ti nhiu n v mng quang (ONU), c t pha cui
ngi dng hoc ng. Mt trong nhng loi PON nh EPON c nghin cu rng
ri v c tiu chun ho, l mt gii php khng tn km v n gin trong thit lp
mt mng truy nhp v c kh nng phn phi a dch v.
- 18 -
n tt nghip i Hc
im truy
nhp khng
dy
VDSL Switch
Ethernet Switch
FTTC
Node th
ng t
xa
FTTB
FTTH
Hnh 1.12 WDM PON h tr a dch v

Tuy nhin, mc d EPON cung cp li th v gi thp, s thc hin th ng
ca cc RN, tin cy cao, nhng n vn cn mt s gii hn v kh nng m rng,
dung lng knh kh dng, v tnh bo mt cho ngi s dng. V th, c th p
ng c s pht trin rt nhanh ca lu lng internet cng vi nhu cu cho cc dch
v ngy cng a dng, nh HDTV(TV cht lng cao), game tng tc, hi ngh
truyn hnh., cng nh bo mt mng c tng cng, th cn phi c kin trc mi
c th p ng c. Mt cng ngh c th khc phc c nhng hn ch ca EPON
l WDM PON, khi cu hnh sao th ng trong RN c thay th bi thit b
quang th ng c bit, gi l AWG. Trong WDM PON, mi ONU thng c gn
mt bc sng hoc knh ring bit (t nht l cho ng xung) v nhng knh ny
c nh tuyn bi mt AWG, i khi l hn (t ti RN), c im nh tuyn ph
thuc vo bc sng. c tnh quan trng nht, mt AWG ti mt RN thay th chc
nng phn chia cng sut cho cc ng xung bng chc nng nh tuyn sn c bn
trong n cng vi ti s dng bc sng. c tnh ny ca AWG tng cng qu cng
sut ( v do tng thm tnh linh hot ca mng) cho php iu tit cc yu cu bng
thng thm nh s h tr ca nhiu bc sng thng qua WDM. Th hai, nu cn thit
cc ONU khc nhau nhn cc bc sng khc nhau c th c thit lp s dng
cc tc bit khc nhau
Hnh trn cho thy WDM PON c th h tr a dch v trong c thng mi
v c i tng khch hng l ngi dn, c quan, cng ty, x nghip
1.6.2 u im v nhc im ca WDM PON
WDM PON mang li nhng u th quan trng :
- 19 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Bng thng m bo ln.

Tc bt c lp.
Tnh trong sut giao thc.
Nng cp d dng.
Cht lng dch v cao.
Tnh ring t v bo mt cao nh s dng kt ni im ti im.
Tuy nhin mt vn quan trng l gi c ca WDM PON cn cao nn vic
trin khai trong thc t gp kh khn. Trong tng lai khi m nhu cu s dng cc dch
v cht lng cao ngy cng tng th WDM PON l gii php khng th khng xem
xt n.
Bng 1.1 So snh gii php im - im, TDM PON v WDM PON
Gii php
im- im
TDM-PON
WDM-PON
Dung lng
Tt nht
Tt
Tt hn
Chi ph
Cao nht
Thp
Cao
Kh nng nng cp
D dng
Kh khn
D dng
Bng 1.2 So snh cc gii php mng PON

Tiu ch so
APON
BPON
EPON
GPON
snh
PON
FSAN ITU-T
FSAN ITU-T
EFM IEEE
FSAN ITU-T
Tiu chun
Cha
G.983
G.983
802.3ah
G.984
ATM,
Khung
WDM
ATM
GPON
Ethernet,
Ethernet
Phn b
Khng
ph
Kiu ng gi
Vodeo
thuc
1-10 G
Tc
xung
622-1244 M
1,244 G
1-10 G
2,488 G
n
knh
Tc ln
155-622 M
622 M
1-10 G
2,488 G
1/10 G
n
- 20 -
n tt nghip i Hc

knh
S thu
bao/nhnh
16
32
16
64
100s
20 M
20 M
60 M
40 M
1-10 G
RF
RF
RF/IP
RF/IP
RF/IP
Thp
Thp
Thp nht
Trung bnh
Cao
Bng tn/
Thu bao
Dch v
Video
Gi thnh
1.6.3 Hng pht trin

Thc y bi tro lu Internet t thanh nin, dch v Internet bng rng tr nn
khng th thiu trn th gii. Mt cuc kho st gn y ti Hn Quc cho thy rng
ngi dng ang chi tiu khong 2 h / ngy trn Internet, tng ng vi mc thi
gian trung bnh dng xem TV. Mc d vy cuc kho st cng cho thy rng chnh
cc ng dng Internet ti Hn Quc vn cn gii hn trong lt web, e-mail, tr chi,
v tr chuyn trc tuyn bng cch s dng my tnh c nhn. iu ny cho thy, mc
d kt ni Internet bng rng gn nh ph bin trong mi h gia nh Hn Quc,
th cc ng dng vn cn hn ch ch gi v nhn vn bn, hnh nh. Ngc li gii
tr v truyn thng a phng tin , chng hn nh Internet voice , video theo yu cu
(vod), in thoi IP (VoIP), a phng tin v hnh li cha c pht trin. iu ny
m ra mt tng lai cho cc cng ngh bng thng rng pht trin v th hin.
Mc d s pht trin ca WDM-PON l kh thnh cng, nhng cc c tnh chi
ph cho mi ng k t ngng 350$. Chi ph ca E-PON tng c mong i
thp vo khong 200$. Cc chi ph ci t t 400$. iu ny cho ta thy r rng
FTTH l mt trin vng trong tng lai, nhng vn cn rt tn km. E-PON dng
nh c v r hn WDM-PON. Tuy nhin, WDM PON thc ra r hn E-PON kh nhiu
nu chng ta xem xt ti bng thng. WDM-PON c th cung cp 100 Mbps cho mi
thu bao, trong khi E-PON ch c th cung cp 27-28 Mbps. xy ra nhng cuc
tranh lun v vn di chuyn t mt modem PSTN ti ISDN hay ADSL . Cc nh
kinh doanh Hn Quc gn y chng t kh nng, nng lc v cng ngh kh thi
thng mi WDM-PON Hn Quc v quyt nh tung ra Fiber To The Home WDMPON trong na sau nm 2008 cung cp cc dch v mi bng rng nh Triple Play
Service (TPS). Tuy nhin, cui cng h chn E-PON thay v WDM-PON chp nhn
- 21 -
n tt nghip i Hc
b qua u t tng lai, v nhng cnh tranh ngm. Tuy nhin, Hn Quc c mt s
n lc ng k cho WDM PON-cng ngh c p dng trn ton cu nh cng
ngh FTTH. D sao Hn Quc by gi tch cc tham gia vo cuc xy dng cc
cng trnh 'Thnh ph FTTH' trong Kwang-ju vi mt mc tiu a WDM PON vo
thng mi trn mt quy m ln ln u tin trn th gii.
1.7 Kt lun chng 1
Chng ny gii thiu tng quan v cc cng ngh PON: v c im k
thut, lch s pht trin, v tnh hnh chun ha ca cc mng quang th ng. mi
cng ngh trnh by tm lc v s giao thc truyn tin, m hnh phn lp, chc
nng, vai tr ca mi lp, cng nh kin trc tng qut ca chng. Ty vo hon cnh
c th, cc mng PON u c nhng u im v khuyt im ca ring mnh. T , ta
c th so snh v la chn cng ngh ph hp trong tng lai.
p ng c s pht trin rt nhanh ca lu lng internet cng vi nhu
cu cho cc dch v ngy cng a dng, nh HDTV, game, hi ngh truyn hnhMt
kin trc mi l rt cn thit, phi m bo bng thng ln th mi c th p ng
c. WDM-PON c th khc phc c nhng hn ch ca cc mng PON khc v
n p ng c cc yu cu kht khe ca nh cung cp dch v cng nh v pha
khch hng. Chi tit v cng ngh ny n s trnh by phn tip theo.
- 22 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Chng II Cc thit b trong WDM-PON
CHNG II CC THIT B TRONG WDM-PON

2.1 Gii thiu WDM
2.1.1 Khi nim
2.1.1.1Qu trnh pht trin ca WDM
Khi nin ghp knh quang khng phi l mi. Khi nim ny bt u c t
nhng nm 1950. C th ni rng tng v truyn nhiu tn hiu quang l rt n
gin v t nhin nh l cng ngh truyn tn hiu s dng trong vin thng c in vi
tn hiu in. Nhng gii php cho cc vn cng ngh l rt kh khn v n cn
thi gian di pht trin gii quyt cc vn ny. Khong 20 nm sau cc linh kin
thc t u tin s dng cho php knh c sn xut v s dng M, Nht, Chu
u. Nm 1977 thit b th ng WDM u tin c pht trin bi Tomlinson v
Aumiller
2.1.1.2 WDM v TDM
Mt cu hi t ra l ghp tn hiu trong min in TDM hay trong min quang
FDM d hn? Cu tr li cho cu tr li ny khng h d dng v gii php ti u ch
c th tm thy vi tp hp cc cng ngh phc tp. Vi cc dch v tc bt thp
(<2Mb/s) ni chung s tt hn nu s dng cng ngh TDM. Vi tn hiu cha nn
nh tn hiu truyn hnh cht lng cao th WDM s tt hn. Vi cng ngh nn video
bng tn yu cu c gim xung mc thp nht. Tuy nhin vo thi im hin
nay, CATV, HDTV vn yu cu cc bng tn tng ng l 4Mb/s v 25Mb/s. Cc ng
dng nh mng video lin kt cc trm lm vic truyn tn hiu t trung tm v tuyn
nh tuyn cc mng video hi ngh, cc h thng o to video tng tc, cc mng
dch v thng tin a chiu v mng s liu gia cc my tnh, mng s dch v tch
hp (ISDN), cc mng bng rng s tin n s dng c ghp knh phn chia theo thi
gian v ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng. D bo nhu cu ca thu bao vo nm
2010 s vo khong 100Mb/s. iu ny s khng tr thnh hin thc nu khng pht
trin mng quang WDM
2.1.2 M hnh h thng WDM
Nhim v ca h thng truyn dn ni chung l truyn tn hiu qua mt khong
cch nht nh trn mi trng truyn dn c chn trc. i vi cc h thng
truyn dn la chn si quang l mi trng truyn dn s l rt tn km nu khng s
dng hiu qu bng thng ca si quang. tn dng tt bng thng ca si quang, k
thut ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng WDM ra i v pht trin khng ngng
- 22 -
n tt nghip i Hc
trong nhng nm qua. Cc h thng WDM cng ln lt c gii thiu v pht trin
trong cc mng vin thng thng mi. M hnh h thng WDM v nguyn l hot
ng ca n c ch ra trong hnh v di:
Knh1
TxN
Knh 1
RxN
Knh N
Knh N
TxN
RxN
1
, 1
N
MUX/
DEMUX
,N
Si dn quang
1,2, ... N
DEMUX/
MUX
, , ... N
,
1
,
2
,1
N
,N
RxN
Knh 1
Knh 1
TxN
RxN
TxN
KnhN
KnhN
Hnh 2.1 H thng ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng quang
Gi s c cc ngun quang lm vic cc bc sng khc nhau 1, 2, ..., n.
Tn hiu quang cc bc sng khc nhau ny s c ghp cng mt si dn quang.
Cc tn hiu c bc sng khc nhau c ghp li pha pht nh b ghp knh
(MUX), b ghp bc sng phi m bo c suy hao nh v tn hiu sau khi ghp s
c truyn dc theo si quang ti pha thu. Cc b tch sng quang khc nhau pha
u thu s nhn li cc lung tn hiu vi cc bc sng ring r ny sau khi chng
qua b gii ghp bc sng (DE-MUX).
pha pht, cc thit b ghp knh phi c suy hao nh t mi ngun quang ti
tn u ra ca b ghp knh. u thu, cc b tch sng quang phi nhy vi rng
ca cc bc sng quang.Khi thc hin tch knh cn phi thc hin cch li knh
quang tht tt vi cc bc sng bng cch thit k cc b gii ghp knh tht chnh
xc, cc b lc quang nu c s dng phi c bc sng ct chnh xc, di lm vic
tht n nh.
C 2 phng n thit lp h thng truyn dn s dng ghp knh phn chia theo
bc sng l thit lp h thng ghp knh theo bc sng quang mt hng v thit
lp h thng theo 2 hng. Hnh v 2.1 ch ra mt h thng theo 2 hng, trong ti
cc u cui ca h thng c cc thit b tch ghp knh hn hp. Trong h thng ny
1, 2, ..., N v 1, 2, ..., nm trn mt ca s truyn dn nhng thuc 2 di tn s
khc nhau.
Trong h thng thng tin quang WDM c k thut ghp knh theo bc sng
lng v k thut ghp knh bc sng cht hay mt cao.
- 23 -
n tt nghip i Hc
CWDM l k thut ghp knh theo bc sng lng trong khong cch gia
cc bc sng quang k nhau ln 20 nm v tng ng vi n l rng kh ca mt
knh l 2500 GHz. Bc sng ca laser thay i theo nhit nhng i vi k thut
ny khng cn v khong cch gia cc bc sng k nhau ln. CWDM mang li hiu
qu kinh t cao i vi h thng yu cu ghp t bc sng
DWDM l k thut ghp knh quang phn chia theo bc sng cht trong
khong cch gia cc bc sng k nhau c truyn trn si quang l 0,8 nm.Vi
khong cch ny ti vng tn s 1550 nm rng ph ca mi knh tng ng vo
khong 100 GHz. Khi rng ca bc sng gim xung th rt nhiu cc yu cu
a ra cn gii quyt nh :Nhit ca laser pht phi n nh, cc thit b tch ghp
phi hot ng chnh xc hnNhng yu cu ny lm cho gi thnh ca cc phn t
trong mng tng ln v gi thnh h thng DWDM tng ln rt nhiu so vi h thng
CWDM
Bng 2.1 So snh CWDM v DWDM
Danh mc
CWDM
DWDM
Khong cch bc sng

Khong cch knh
~20 nm
2500 GHz
~0,8 nm
100GHz
iu khin mi trng
Khng
DFB (khng lm mt)
DFB (lm mt)
Tc d liu/knh
2,5 Gbit/s
10 Gbit/s
Tc bit tp trung
Gi thnh/knh
40 Gbit/s
Thp
320 Gbit/s
Cao
Ngun Laser
2.1.3 Cc cu hnh mng WDM

2.1.3.1 Cu hnh im- im
Cu hnh im-im l cu hnh hay c s dng cho truyn dn ng di
vi tc rt cao, tn hiu c truyn i ton vn, tin cy v kh nng phc hi li
dng truyn nhanh. Khong cch gia my pht v my thu c th ln ti vi trm
km v c mt s b khuch i gia cc u cui v thng thng s lng b khuch
i nh hn 10.Cu hnh im-im vi b tch ghp cho php h thng tch v ghp
dc theo ng truyn. S lng cc knh, khong cch gia cc knh, loi si quang,
phng php iu ch tn hiu v loi thit b c la chn dng trn mng l cc
thng s quan trng trong vic tnh ton qu cng sut ca h thng.Trong WDM mi
knh c mang trn mt bc sng xc nh v cng c gi l knh quang. Cc
knh khc nhau c th mang cc d liu khc nhau nh thoi, s liu, video, cc gi s
- 24 -
n tt nghip i Hc
liu vi tc khc nhau. Cc lin kt gia my thu v my pht c th c vi thit b

quang hay mt s si quang, cc b khuch i quang, cc b tch ghp quang, b lc
quang..
CH 1
LD
CH 2
LD
CH N
2
MUX
..
.
LD
OADM
A
1 ,2 ...,N
A
1 ,2 ...,N
LD: Diode Laser

Re: B thu quang
A : B khuych i quang
Fiber : Si quang
Fiber
Fiber
Fiber
DEMUX
N
CH 1
Re
CH 2
Re
.. CH N
.Re
Hnh 2.2 Cu hnh im-im truyn n hng

2.1.3.2 Cu hnh vng
Mt mng Ring bao gm mt si quang ni lin gia cc node, mt s h thng
c hai si quang cho chc nng bo v mng (d phng). Mt mng Ring c th bao
mt vng nh hoc vng thnh ph ln vi chiu di vi chc Km. Mng Ring c th
gm 4 hoc nhiu knh v c nhiu node. Tc cu cc knh c th l 622,08 Mb/s
hoc thp hn v cao hn. Mt node trong s cc node ca mng Ring l trm Hub ni
m cc bc sng c qun l, kt ni vi cc mng khc. Ti mi node u c cc
b tch v ghp knh quang ly ra hoc ghp vo mt s knh.
N N
OADM
1 ,2 ...,N
1 ,2 ...,N
1
1
OADM
i i
O/E
IP
1 ,2 ...,N
1 ,2 ...,N
OADM
STM
j j
Mux
Hnh 2.3 Cu hnh mng Ring

- 25 -
OADM
k k
n tt nghip i Hc
Trong mng Ring WDM trm Hub c th kt ni mt s loi lu lng nh

module truyn ti ng b, IP,video. Trm Hub qun l tt c cc knh lin kt vi mt
ng truyn quang gia cc node vi mi lu lng trn knh . Ti mt node
OADM mt hoc nhiu tn s quang c tch ra v xen vo trong khi s cn li c
truyn xuyn qua. Mc d vy khi s lng node OADM tng ln th tn hiu khng
th trnh khi tn hao v v vy s yu cu thm cc b khuch i. S lng node
trong mng Ring thng thng nh hn s lng bc sng c ghp trong si
quang.
Trong mng Ring, trm Hub qun l nh thi knh vi mt kt ni y ca
mng vi node OADM.Node Hub c th cung cp cc kt ni vi mng khc. Thm
vo mt node OADM c th kt ni vi mt b tch knh hay ghp knh ni mt
s ngun d liu c php. Mt mng Ring n gin vi mt Hub v hai node A v
B thng tin cho nhau qua bc sng k nh trong hnh 2.4. Node A ch ghp mt s
ngun d liu. Tt c cc ngun s liu c kt thc v tr li bi node B, mc d
vy tt c cc tn hiu ny c truyn trn cng mt knh (cng bc sng)
Data 1
Router
Data 1
Data 2
1 ,2 ...,N
1
OADM
A
Data N
Data 2
OADM
B
Fiber Ring
Data N
: Bin i in quang
1
2
: Bin i quang in
Hnh 2.4 Cu hnh mng Ring cho cc knh c qun l bi trm HUB
2.1.4 S dng WDM trong PON
tng WDM PON l mt kin trc truy cp m ngi tin phong l Wagner,
Lemberg, Menedez, v mt s khc trong cc bi bo (vd: 107, 108, 118, 186-1901
xut hin cui nm 1980 v 1990, ngay sau khi BTRL PON c xut. WDM
cho php CO hoc HDT gi tn hiu ghp knh, ti mi tn s khc nhau, ti RN. Ti
RN, sau c b ghp/ tch phn chia theo bc sng, c kh nng chia nh sng
thnh cc bc sng, chuyn mi mu ti mi thu bao. B ghp/ tch s dng thit
lp knh chung gi l WDM mt cao, thun ng cho thy khong cch knh bc
sng theo th t cch nhau 1nm, tng phn vi WDM (1.34 1.5pm) vi khong
- 26 -
n tt nghip i Hc
cch hn 100nm. WDM thc hin nh mt switch: iu khin in qua mu ca nh

sng, v d, hiu ng iu khin t xa RN (n thay i ch gi tin). Tuy nhin,
s thay i tnh cht mng quan trng hn nhiu so vi chuyn mch: WDM c th
chuyn i mng im a im ti mng im- im o. iu ny khng ging vi
mng im-im logic c s dng broadcast PON, trong ONU in ch c
knh hoc gi tin cn thit n n. Tnh cht im im o cho php mt s u im
sau ti host: tnh ring t (dng tin xung cho user X th ch c truyn duy nht ti
user X), tnh bo mt (ngun truyn dn b xc thc c th nhn bit bi bc sng v
trnh b ngt qung bi cc node i qua, nh WDM), Tnh hiu qu (hn mt bc
sng truyn ti X v nhn bi X, khng cn gi km thm, khng tn tht chia sng,
vi tc bit cao nht cho php), Tnh tch bit (mi thu bao lin lc vi CO mt
cch c lp vi cc thu bao khc trn node) , Tnh d on (th nghim c t bc
sng c th kim tra tnh trng ca ng dy n); l tt c cc c im trn lp
vt l m WDM PON nhn ra c t PON broadcast. Nhng c tnh ny lm cho
WDM PON l cng ngh ca tng lai.
R
1
1,2, ... N
Multi-
WDM
B/
C
ONU
N+1, ... 2N
Rcvt
ONU
(WDM)
B/C
CO
N+1
RN
B/
C
2N
Hnh 2.5 Vng lp photo th ng (PPL).

Vng lp photon th ng khi to c miu t trn hnh 2.5, vi bc sng
ngun cung cp cho truyn thng ng xung. i vi truyn thng ng ln (ONU
ti CO), c mt vi xut sau. Mt l hnh 2.5 s dng PON chia s cng sut
dng ln. Mt vi lc ghp knh c s dng, nh WDM (vi b thu WDM cn
thit ti CO) v ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian (TDM) (vi giao thc broadcast).
Trong phin bn tt nht b chia dng ln ti RN cng l WDM, vi laser DFB la
chn tn s ti mi nh v thu bao nhm thu ng knh bc sng. Nhng ngun
ny c c tnh chi ph ln ti 200 n 400 triu $, ngy nay th r hn rt nhiu,
- 27 -
n tt nghip i Hc
nhng s chia nh cho php ph tn tnh trn user nhiu hn. Phin bn ny c tt c
cc tnh nng WDM PON.
Ngun laser a bc sng gi thng tin ng xung ti b ghp knh phn
chia theo bc sng, ni nh hng nh sng ti ONU theo tnh nng bc sng.
Dng thng tin ln c th gn cc bc sng v ghp knh trong WDM hoc b chia
s cng sut, hoc cc bc sng dng ln m cha c ch nh. Thng tin
broadcash cho PPL lai (HPPL) thng qua b chia s cng sut.
tha mn cc chi ph pht sinh nh thit b u cui v x nghip, nh cc
kin trc xut, broadcast gi l PPL lai hay HPPL, c xut cung cp cho
cc dch v gi tr gia tng nhm to ra ngun li nhun nhm gii quyt vn chi
ph ci t. Vn ny c a ra hnh 2.6. B chia th ng cho c hai nh sng
1.3 v 1.5 pm i qua, cho php CWDM s dng cho ghp cc dch v broadcast trn
cng mt cp quang cho dch v ng ln.
PPL ban u c cc u im ca WDM chun (tnh ring t, bo mt, hiu
qu, tch bit v d on), ngc li HPPL li gim i cc tnh bo mt, hiu qu v
d on ng ln. Tuy nhin, chi ph thit b v qun l mng a chi ph ln
kh cao.
nhm a ra chi ph ngun WDM cao, mt hng khc c xut, c
gi l chia s quang ph, nh hnh 13.11. Ngun quang bng rng chi ph thp, v d
nh LED, c s dng thit lp lin kt im im bng vic truyn thng da
trn bc sng thit lp da trn cc cng thit b. Theo hnh, ph bng rng pha
tri WDM trong hnh 2.6 b chia ra cc phn ph nh hn pha bn phi, mi chng
p ng cho bng thng thch hp mi cng.
1
LED
WDM
Hnh 2.6 Ph phn chia vi WDM.
- 28 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Nu ph ca diode (LED) ln hn khu (A, -AI) ca WDM, nh sng c th

b chia ra thnh nhiu cng u ra. Mi cng u ra mang mt m hnh tn hiu c
iu ch bi LED.
Tng t, mt tp cc LED ging nhau pha bn phi ca WDM c th xy
dng li ph pha bn tri. Hai WDM, c kt ni bi mt cp quang n v thc
hin lin nhau vi cc bc sng knh ng b, c th s dng thit lp lin kt
im ti im. rng ph ca LED phi rng phc v ton b knh di iu
kin hot ng, nhng khng c rng hn nhiu qu (bi v s vt qu gii hn
ph th hin tn tht thm xy ra). Phn chia ph cng c thc hin trong mng, m
ti DFB c s dng cho knh ng xung v LED c s dng cho cc knh
ng ln. Cch y khng lu, k hoch kt hp cc ph phn chia vo mt cp
quang tch hp cng c xut
u im ca WDM PON (tnh c nhn, bo mt, truyn thng im ti im
), mc d nh bit vo cui nm 1980, khng c bt k mt k hoch trin khai ,
v s cn thit cho vic update hay tng bng thng h thng. Tt c nhng quan im
ny ang dn thay i.
Theo nghin cu, t CATC cho thy, gi c nhanh chng gim, chi ph bo tr
c th thc hin c khi h thng cp quang c trin khai. Th hai, nh chng ta
thy phn trc, nhng thit b cn cho mng c nghin cu kh nhiu, v
mt vi d n c a ra th trng. V c bn, s ln mnh v lu lng
internet, lm cho World Wide Web l mt phn khng th thiu trong giao din ngi
dng, nhanh chng a s pht trin vin thng ln tm cao mi, cho tng lai.
Chng ta hng ti mt kin trc c kh nng update, linh hot v dung lng ln,
nh WDM PON c th tr thnh h thng vin thng c th m rng c cho thng
mi, gio dc v gii tr.
Phn cn li ca chng, em xem li mt s cc tin trnh trong thit b WDM
cho php WDM PON
2.2 Nhng la chn thit b cho WDM-PON
2.2.1 La chn bc sng.
Khong cch gia cc bc sng ln hn 20 nm c gi chung l CWDM.
Giao din quang, n c chun ha cho CWDM, c th c tm thy ti ITU
G.695, trong khi li ph cho CWDM c nh ngha trong ITU G.694.2. Nu
cc di bc sng hon ton trong 1271 n 1611 nm, nh inh ngha trong ITU
G.694.2, c s dng vi khong cch l 20 nm, sau mt khi 18 knh CWDM
- 29 -
n tt nghip i Hc
c kch hot, ging nh trong hnh 2.7. Cp quang nh nc chm c nh ngha

trong ITU G.652 C&D, n li tr suy hao ngun trong di 1370 1410 nm thy trong
si quang n mode thng thng, c th c s dng cho tri ph rng trong truyn
dn. Tham s phn tn trong hnh 2.7 ch ra rng tn hiu, v h s ny c th gii
hn khong cch truyn dn ging nh tc d liu ngy cng tr ln cao hn.
Sau khi iu chnh bc sng khng cn thit CWDM-PON, mt phn iu
khin nhit. c gi l mt TEC, n khng c yu cu, to cho n r hn DWDM
PON. Hn th na, b ghp bc sng vi xuyn m knh chm c th c thc thi
d dng cho CWDM. N cng c bn lun rng tng gi thnh h thng l r hn
40% cho CWDM PON
Nhc im c bn ca CWDM l s lng ca cc knh b gii hn; v l
CWDM PON thiu quy m, nht l khi cp si quang n mode vi di suy hao nh
sng c s dng. Mt nhc im khc l cc knh bc sng ngn cm thy mt
d liu cao hn (hnh 2.7), bng cch gii hn khong cch truyn dn khoc xoay b
chia
tn sc
(ps/km/nm)
Suy gim (dB/ Km)
tn sc
1.0
0.8
Si quang thng
(G.625 A&B)
20
15
0.6
10
nh si thp
(G.625 C&D)
0.4
0.2
-5
Bc sng (nm)
Hnh 2.7 Gn bc sng cho CWDM .

Mt v d ca CWDM PON c th tm thy trong dch v PON "triple-play",
vi knh bc sng 1550 nm c s dng cho CATV, knh bc sng 1490 nm c
s dng cho thoi v d liu lung xung, knh bc sng 1310 nm c dng cho
truyn dn lung ln. Mt ng dng m rng thng qua knh CWDM 1360-1480
- 30 -
n tt nghip i Hc
cho dch v kinh doanh c bit, trong khi thng s dng dch v triple-play c
cung cp n cc thu bao thng thng.
DWDM c rng bc sng ln hn mt cht so vi CWDM, thng nh
hn 3.2nm, bi v DWDM c pht trin truyn dn nhiu bc sng trong
mt min ph gii hn ni m EDFA c th c s dng. DWDM PON c mong
i l c tc dng cho cung cp bng thng cho nhiu thu bao, v n c xem l
h thng PON cui cng. ITU G.692 nh ngha mt li laser cho h thng imim WDM da trn khong cch bc sng 100 GHz vi bc sng trung tm l
193.1 THz (1553.52nm) qua vng tn s ca 196.1 THz (1528.77nm) n 191.7
THz(1563.86nm). Khong cch 100 GHz ny c p knh. Cc bc sng khi t
n 1600 nm c s dng khai thc thuc tnh ca AWG, bng cch c mt
AWG ti mt node t xa cho phn knh v ghp knh trong cc hng ln v xung
ln lt. Trong mt DWDM PON, bc sng ca mi ngun quang v bc sng
trung tm ca b lc WDM nn c gim st v c iu khin cn thn trnh
xuyn m gia cc knh lin nhau. V th gi thnh ca DWDM PON ln hn so vi
CWDM PON trong cng kiu trin khai sau khi cn cc thit b iu chnh bc sng
v iu khin nhit dng cho nhiu h thng DWDM. Nhng 50 GHz mi l
khong cch ca LD v cc b lc c s dung ngy nay, v h c th c s dng
tng s lng cc knh
2.2.1.1 K hoch cp pht bc sng
Dng gii thiu a bc sng trong h tng cp quang thng thng, hiu
sut ca h tng ny c th c m rng vo mt kh c thm vo sau ny. Kh
bc sng c th thc hin c lp trong cc mt bng truyn thng gia cc node, v
th cc mu lin kt c thit t gia cc nt khng ng b c th phc v cc yu
cu QoS khc nhau v c th truyn ti tn hiu vi cc c im khc nhau nhiu hn
(v d tc bit). iu ny c mt vi im ging vi s tng ln ca kh nng tng
kt ca cc bng knh c in a lp, ging nh l so snh cc bng lp n.
Vai tr ca kch thc bc sng c th c chia nh sau:
Tch cc nh cung cp dch v
Kch hot ti nh tuyn lu lng
Kch hot lu lng cao hn
Cng ch nh cc knh bc sng c th tun theo cc trnh t khc:
Cp pht tnh
- 31 -
n tt nghip i Hc
cp pht na tnh
cp pht ng
Mi vai tr ni trn c th theo sau mt hoc nhiu s kin. Trong nhng th
sau y, mi vai tr s c xem xt chi tit trong phn sau.
S phn chia dch v
Bng cch cp pht mt bc sng (hoc t cc bc sng) cho mt thit b
t lin cc dch v, nhng dch v ny c th c tch ri theo ngha ca cc bc
sng ca chng. N c th c ch cho x l thit t ca cc dch v yu cu QoS
ging nhau v cc k hiu tn hiu trong mt cch chuyn dng. V d, cc dch v a
phng tin hai hng c th yu cu c bit cho tr v bng thng, v t phc v
chng trong mt hoc nhiu bc sng c bit vi cc mu nh tuyn ring c th
gip h tr cc yu cu . Bng cch p dng nh tuyn bc sng trong mt kin
trc im-n-a im, mt h s tch thp hn c th c thc thi cho cc dch v
vi yu cu bng thng cao, nhng ngc li cc dch v khc c th c cc h s chia
cao hn. Tch cc dch v trn mt c s bc sng cng c th gip gii phng
bng khc nhau cu trc bi cc nh iu hnh mng: Lu lng dich chuyn trng
u tin-u tin (v d nh m bo tc nghn t do) knh bc sng c th c tnh
ph cao hn so vi mt knh c u tin thp hn.
S phn chia nh cung cp dch v
Cc knh bc sng cng c th c dnh cho cc nh cung cp dch v. Mc
d h c h tng c lp o ca h, nm trn nhng ci m h c th m bo nhng
gi dch v v lin quan n QoS. N cng cn thit t s mm do ca lu lng
mng bi cc nh qun l mng, nhng ngi c th ch nh t cc knh bc sng
cho mt vng no v mt khong thi gian nht nh cho cc nh cung cp dch v,
v tr tin ph cho h. Bng vic ti nh tuyn cc knh bc sng nh iu hnh
mng c th d dng chuyn iu kin cho thu. Khi mt ngi s dng thu l thu
bao ca mt nh cung cp no , h c th iu chnh ph hp knh bc sng v
mc d c lin quan n dch v trong sut. Trong trng hp cc nh cung cp dch
v cnh tranh vi nhau trong mt vng, cc nh cung cp c th cng tn ti trn
cc mng c lp ging nhau.
Ti nh tuyn lu lng
Dng cc knh a bc sng phc v cc vng khc nhau, mi knh bc sng
hoc tp hp cc knh bc sng c th bao trm mt vng no . Khi iu hnh
- 32 -
n tt nghip i Hc
trong cc mng vi cc lin kt si quang a dng (v d, trong mng mesh trong

cc si quang khc nhau c th theo thit t mt kt ni gia hai node), nh tuyn
cc bc sng ring c lin quan n cc bc sng vng . Bng cch thay i nh
tuyn bc sng, vic nh mu ny c th c thay i d dng. V d, khi mt
lin kt si ring dn n mt vng li v lu lng i qua cc knh bc sng b t,
d tr lu lng n vng c th c khi phc nhanh bng cch hng knh
bc sng khc qua cc si quang khc. Cng c th khi mt lin kt dn n mt
vng no tr nn nghn v khng m rng knh bc sng c th c thm vo
lin kt , nhng knh m rng c th c nnh tuyn qua cc lin kt si
quang khc n cc vng tng t th.
Lu lng cao hn
Thm cc knh bc sng vo lin kt si quang cng c th tng lu lng
trn lin kt, bng cch to ra mt vi knh song song trn cng mt loi lu lng. V
d nay nu ra rng c thm cc dch v c th c a ra. truy nhp vo nhng
dch v ny, tuy nhin , ngi s dng cui phi cn quay li knh bc sng .
2.2.1.2 Cu hnh li mng ng bng cch s dng WDM linh hot
Trong tm nhn xa cho mng truy nhp, mt ngi dng nn c truy nhp
nghn t do n khi lng thng tin o khng gii hn chng sn sng cho ngi
dng ti bt c lc no, bt c ni no. Thng thng cc yu cu ca ngi dng cho
truyn thng ngi dng khng b gii hn trong bt c hnh thc no bi h tng
truyn thng xung quanh h. Tun theo phng hng trong th trng, hng theo
i hi thng tin, l v d ring ca dch v, truyn thng peer-to-peer, truyn file
nhanh (v d dnh cho cc vng mng lu tr), tng ni dung video High-Q, cc dch
v bng thng rng.
Si quang
Tng i
ni ht
Hnh 2.8 nh tuyn nng ng cc bc sng gia cc mng truy nhp

cho d tr dch v linh hot
- 33 -
n tt nghip i Hc
R rng, tm nhn ny ch c th c nhn vi mt h tng mng truy nhp

ca truyn thng m vt qua nhu cu thng tin a ra v d on trc ca ngi
dng. Mt gii php d on trc c th c cung cp nhiu hn nng lc truyn
thng mi ni, bt lun n c cn ngay lp tc hay khng. Tuy nhin, n s chu gi
h tng ln, ngay c l mt vn nghim trng trong mng truy nhp ni cc gi
thnh cn c gim i v gim phn trm ngi dng mng chia s. v vy n hiu
qu hn cho vic xy dng thng minh trong mng truy nhp, cung cp mt s
lng c th iu chnh c ca nng lc truyn thng p ng nhng nhu cu hnh
ng tc thi v tm thi ca ngi dng. V d th hin trong hnh 2.8, bng cch
gn linh hot lu lng truyn thng cho cc vng thnh ph, dch chuyn theo tun
hoc theo ngy trong mu lu lng trong mt mi trng th c th theo m
iu chnh c hiu qu hn, hoc l cp pht gn tnh ca cc vng no cho cho
php bi ngi iu hnh mng.
Cp pht lu lng linh hot cng c th x l d dng khi xy ra im nng
t ngt, ging nh c th gy bng n trong tc nghn lu lng, trong phng ch
sn bay , hoc nh trong nhng ngy cui tun ti cc siu th nh.
Tip n, trnh lu lng t vt qua mc d tr ca phng thc d bo
trc, ti cu hnh linh hot cng s cung cp nhng phng thc nh nhng nng
cp lu lng mng ging nh tng yu cu ngi dng v to iu kin cho nh iu
hnh c hiu qu hn khi trin khai ti nguyn Vin thng ca mnh v v th to cho
doanh nghip c li nhun cao hn. Bi v gi thnh t nhin ca mng truy nhp, nn
nhng c ch thng minh a ra cn r hn.
S cc k nng nh tuyn quang ng, cc tng hp lu lng t mt tng i
a phng c th c phn chia linh hot gia cc vng mng theo cch m nhng
yu cu v lu lng ca h p ng y . Phng php c bn c minh ha
trong hnh 2.8, s dng cc knh a bc sng cho phn phi dch v. Ph thuc vo
ti lu lng thng thng, mt knh bc sng c th phc v mt hoc nhiu
mng.
Cp pht bc sng tnh
Gn tnh cho cc knh bc sng n ngi dng cui l c th so snh vi h
tng dy trn, v v th l chc nng tng t cho v tr mng ngy nay. V d, ngi
s dng ng k thu bao n mt nh cung cp dch v ring no , nh cung cp
ang dng mt knh bc sng sa li, v mng c sa li ngha l ngi
dng truy nhp n knh bc sng duy nht (hoc mt tp hp knh bc sng).
- 34 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Khi ngi dng mun chuyn sang mt nh cung cp khc, mt nh cung cp dch v
k thut phi thay i knh bc sng ca ngi s dng la chn cho phn cng.
iu ny lm phc tp ha m rng cung cp dch v.
Cp pht bc sng bn tnh
Khi c ch la chn bc sng trong mng hoc cho ngi dng cui khng
c c nh, nhng c th chuyn thnh mt c s khng thng xuyn. V d, n c
th h tr thng tin ca cc dch v mi hoc/v nh cung cp dch v mi n mt
vng ch, bng cch trc tip thng tin knh bc sng v vng . N cng h tr
chuyn tin ph ca mt ngi dng cui n dch v hoc nh cung cp dch v, bng
cch thay i knh bc sng dn n ch h.
Ging nh bc sng hng theo li ch c th c iu khin t xa t v tr
nh iu hnh mng. H c th lnh cho bc sng nh tuyn vo mt trng hoc
iu khin bin i la chn bc sng ti ngi dng cui. V th, h cng c th to
iu kin v tng tc x l cung cp dch v ca h, khng cn phi gi nh iu hnh
dch v k thut n lnh vc vi cc gi kt hp v v s tin qun l. H cng c th
ph v mt phn mng no , v th bng cch b qua cc lin kt li hoc cc node
li, hoc to ra mt phn ca nhng mng ny c th truy nhp dnh cho bo dng
hoc nng cp trong khi vn cn cho ngh mng trong dch v
Hnh 2.9 Thay i lu lng trong mi trng thnh ph

nh hng bc sng bn tnh cng c th c dng dnh cho cung cp lu
lng trong khi p ng thay i chm cc mu lu lng. V d, cc thay i hng
ngy ca cng lu lng ging nh c trng xy ra trong cc thnh ph c th
- 35 -
n tt nghip i Hc
c a vo tnh ton. Minh ha trong hnh 2.9, hu ht trong bui sng cc yu cu

lu lng c th n t cc vng ph cn ni m mi ngi mun ti thng tin bui
sng. Trong gi lm vic, hu ht lu lng c th yu cu bi cc sn kinh doanh (vi
cn i lu lng thm vo cho truyn file) v t cc trung tm mua sm ti thnh
ph. V v bui chiu yu cu lu lng ny thay i tr li h gia nh, cho game
online, nhc internet Cc thay i nhu cu lu lng c th d bo trc c th
c ln chng trnh thnh k hoch gn bc sng bn tnh.
Cp pht bc sng ng nhanh
Khi c ch la chn bc sng c th c hiu lc nhanh, h c th hot ng
trn mt phn ca lung c s. V d, cho rng mt lung gi dch v c mang bi
mt knh bc sng no , nhng ti mt thi im hin ti mt dch v c mc u
tin cao hn cn phi c chuyn i bng cng mt knh nhng khng th c kh
nng chung mt phng trong n. Sau khi mc u tin thp i dch v c th c
truyn ti n mt knh bc sng khc v th thit lp phng cho mt dch v u
tin cao. Cp pht nng ng c th lm gim vn tc nghn bng kt hp c hiu
qu cc ti nguyn ca cc knh bc sng ring thnh mt vng ti nguyn, trong
vng ti nguyn ny bng cch ti phn b bc sng nhanh cho dch v ngi dng
cui c th tim ra chia s ca n v mt k hoch ti phn b t ng s dng ngun
ti nguyn mt cch tt hn. V th n tng hiu qu vi ti nguyn mng c
pht trin.
Cp pht ng cho php lu lng mng da trn yu cu v hng ngun ti
nguyn n nhng ni trong mng m c yu cu ti lu lng ngay lc . R rng,
iu ny cng yu cu gim st lu lng mt cch nghim tc v x l iu khin
trn mt mc phn trm lung v do c thm s phc tp trong qun l mng v
iu khin h thng.
Gii thiu k hoch cho cp pht bc sng linh hot
Dnh cho gii hn trung bnh, kch bn ng xem nht c th thc hin c l
cp pht gn tnh. N nng cao lu lng (v d: linh hot) ca nh qun l mng,
khng yu cu qu phc tp trong qun l v h thng iu khin. N cng t cc yu
cu c mc va vo cc knh c tc ca nhn t la chn bc sng, v th to
nn ngha ca thit b in v iu chnh thch hp thit b quang nhit.
- 36 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Mt s kt hp ca vai tr tch ri dch v v tch ri cung cp dch v dng

nh l thch hp nht trong vic kt hp vi cp pht bn tnh. Khi lu lng hai
hng c dn qua mt si cp quang n n ngi s dng, mi knh truyn
thng vi mi phn ng ln v ng xung ca n s yu cu hai knh bc sng.
thun tin nht cho vic nh tuyn/lc, c hai knh tt nht nn t v tr trc
bn cnh nhng ci khc. Mi nh cung cp dch v c th sau cho thu mt di
bc sng t nh iu hnh mng, bao gm mt hoc nhiu cp bc sng trong th
t cung cp phn pht cho mt hoc nhiu t hp dch v. Cc cp pht bc sng v
th c th trng ging nh v d c ch ra trong hnh 2.10
Nh cung cp
dch v A
Nh cung cp
dch v B
Nh cung cp
dch v C
Hnh 2.10 Gn di bc sng/nh cung cp dch v (U: knh ln;D: knh

xung)
2.2.2 Thit b pht
Cc ngun quang c phn lp thnh 4 nhm trong nghin cu ny, ph thuc
vo cch to ra bc sng. Th nht l mt ngun sng ring, th 2 l ngun a bc
sng, th 3 l ngun sng la chn t do, th 4 l mt ngun chia s. Ngun a bc
sng c th p dng ch cho OLT, ngun chia s c th p dng cho ONU, v 2 nhm
cn li c th p dung cho c 2 ci trn.
2.2.2.1 Ngun sng theo l thuyt
Ngun quang pht x mt bc sng c nh t mt thit b. Mt mch gim
st bc sng v mt b iu khin cho mi thit b lun c dng iu chnh
ngun cho mt bc sng yu cu. Mt LD phn hi phn b thng thng DFB/
DBR, diode VCSEL, v mt LD iu hng c c th c nhm li thnh mt
nhm.
LD DFB: ging nh hu ht k hoch dnh mt kiu si quang n theo chiu
dc, phn b cch t Bragg th hin trong mt khoang ca DFB LD, n cho php mt
li chn sng hot ng.
- 37 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Nu cch t nm ngoi khoang, n c gi l b phn x Bragg phn chia

(DBR) LD. Sau c th xy ra mt s dch chuyn bc sng khong 0.1 nm/C,
nhng LD ny thng yu cu mt mt lm lnh nhit in TEC cho s vn hnh quy
m ging nh l ngun WDM. B sung thm, cn dng mt b kha bc sng ci m
gip LD kha ng bc sng m n c gn. DFB LD c th c iu ch trc
tip cho pht trin WDM PON, vi khong cch thng nh hn 20 Km. V n c c
tnh iu ch tc cao kh tt bi v cc hng rng ng ca n nh hn mt
vi Mhz. Mc d c tt c u im , DFB LD c xem nh l mt cch thc kinh
t thc hin mt WDM PON bi v mt s lng cc DFB LD nn c s dng
theo yu cu, v mi mt ci trong s c th c qun l ring
Diode VCSEL: VCSEL c tim lc cho sn xut hng lot gi thnh thp sau
khi khoang thc th c th c pht trin vi mt bc ghp ha cht GaAs, n lm
cho sn xut v kim tra d dng. Cc VCSEL vi bc sng 850 nm v 1310 nm
c s dng hin thi v s dng rng ri cho cc ng dng LAN. Nhng VCSEL ti
bc sng 1550 nm pht trin sm hn bi v cc c tnh ngho nn ca quang v c
tnh nhit ca vt liu laser. Mc d n khng th dng ging nh mt ngun
WDM PON ngy nay nhng n c th c chp nhn ging nh mt lung ln trong
CPON, chi tit trong phn sau ny. Nu ngun ny trong di bc sng 1550 nm
DWDM c quy m v r i, n s thch hp cho vic tch hp vi cc thit b in
khc.
Laser iu hng c: gi trong bng kim k tt c cc laser c bc sng
khc nhau cn cho mi knh ca WDM PON v thit b t cc laser khc cho mi
gia nh l chi ph bo dng v khng d trong vic bo dng. Trong tnh trng ny,
cc laser iu hng c c th s dng nu n c th c s dng cho mt vi
knh WDM. Cc loi sau y c cung cp.
Mt laser c hc, cng c gi l mt laser khoang ngoi, c thc hin
bng cch t cch t bn ngoi cho khoang FP, n c iu khin c hoc. Bi v
rng di iu chnh ca n ln n 500 nm v c bc sng chnh xc tt, n c th
c s dng cho mc ch o c. Tuy nhin laser iu hng khoang ngoi i hi
mt b iu ch bn ngoi cho iu ch tc cao bi v di khoang ca n kh
di. Cng do , s thiu ht ca n nh gii hn gy tr ngi cho cc ng dng
ca loi laser ny cho truyn thng.
Cc DFB iu bin nhit dng c tnh dch chuyn bc sng ca LD DFB
bi v ch s khoang thay i theo nhit . Vi s gip ca thit k nhit v iu
khin nhit qua mt vng rng, bc sng thay i ca DFB iu bin nhit ln n 4
- 38 -
n tt nghip i Hc
nm. Thi gian iu bin LD l kh di, thnh thong ln n mt vi giy. V th, loi
LD ny khng tt cho mt kin trc c yu cu chuyn i nhanh. Tuy nhin, LD ny
cng c th c s dng cho cc b pht vi bc sng c nh.
Da vo lc ny, cc sn phm iu bin thng mi qua cc knh DWDM
lin nhau xut hin. Cc loi tr cn d tr cho tt c cc bc sng khc nhau ca
LD DFB cho mi b pht WDM PON.
Thi gian iu bin ca LD DFB/DBR c gim i c hiu qu bng cch
iu chnh cc cht thm vo trong mt hoc nhiu on ca khoang LD. S thm vo
thay i hiu qu ch s khc x vi khoang quang, dn n thay i bc sng. Thi
gian thay i tnh bng nano giy, n nhanh hn chng ta bit trc . Sau khi ch s
cc i thay i khong 1%, di iu bin cc i trong min bc sng a thch ca
chng ta l nm vo khong 10 n 15 nm. iu tr ngi l n d b nhy bc v
cnh tranh bi v nhiu in cc trn mt khoang laser i hi cho cht thm vo hin
thi, vi vic h hiu sut truyn dn.
2.2.2.2 Ngun pht nhiu bc sng
Cc ngun bc sng ring theo l thuyt khng thun tin s dng trong OLT
ca mt WDM PON, bi v chng yu cu nhiu ngun quang t cho cc bc sng
ca chng. Nu c mt thit b to nhiu bc sng ti cng mt thi im, n tr nn
rt hu ch cho OLT. Cc knh WDM ring, tch hp trong mt thit b cht, c th
c dng iu chnh trc tip. C 3 loi ngun, mc ch ca n trong thc t s
c trnh by sau.
B khuch
i quang
1X N
B kt hp
quang hc
Gng
Cng u ra
Khoang
Hnh 2.11 Cu trc ca mt Laser a tn

- 39 -
Gng
n tt nghip i Hc
Laser a tn MFL: Mt AWG v mt vi vng khuch i c tch hp trong

mt thit b cho la chn bc sng v s khuch i ca n, s c minh ha trong
hnh 2.13. Cc phn nh trn kha cnh phn chia c nh ngha l mt khoang
quang ca mt module laser diode. Nu AWG c iu chnh, n thay i trong cc
bc sng u ra. Mt thit b tch hp 18 knh WDM c thc hin dng lc
ny. N cng c th c s dng ging nh l mt LD iu bin c da vo iu
chnh trn mi b khuch i. Mc d s iu ch trc tip c kh nng vi thit b
ny, c mt gii hn tc iu ch bi v khoang ca laser ny kh di
Ma trn DFB LD li i: Mt kh nng khc c th tch hp nhiu ngun
a bc sng l b sung DFB LD bng cch kt hp mt c ch li gp i v mt
kh nng c th iu chnh dung lng trong mt module LD. in tr Film mng
c tch hp cho iu bin cc bc sng bng cch iu khin nhit . u im
ca cch ny l kch thc cht ch v iu ch tc cao. Nhng n cng kh khn
trong vic bo dng chnh xc mi knh ti cc bc sng ng, sau mi hot
ng ca bc sng laser c cc nh bng mt b lc c lp. Xem xt rng cc
loi cch t khc nhau b n mn bn trong mt chip, lc ny nhn ra thm mt s
lng nh cc knh.
Xung chirp WDM: ngun t mt b to xung nh theo sau l mt cun si
quang c th lm vic ging nh l ngun WDM, minh ha trong hnh 2.12. Mt xung
Gauss 100 fs i t mt laser erbium loi kha cung cp bng thng ph 4.4 THz,
dng cho 44 knh WDM ti khong cch bc sng 100 Ghz. Mt cun si quang
cung cp si phn tn cho xung ny, m rng tm thi. Nu xung ny c iu ch
v sau cung cp n mt b chia WDM ng sau, cc knh khc nhau mang thng
tin ca chnh n s i ra cc cng khc nhau. Sau khi xung c tao ra th s c chia
vo tt c cc knh ONU, s lng cc knh ny b hn ch bi t l ca cc tn s
iu ch d liu n tc lp li ca Laser. V vy, phng php ny tt hn khi p
dng cho tc d liu trong mi knh l rt chm, nhng c nhiu knh WDM c
yu cu. Vn l cn l rng xung, rng tm thi, v di ph WDM t do FSR
c th tr nn kh khn v cn c gii quyt trc khi xem xt tnh thng mi cho
gii php ny.
- 40 -
n tt nghip i Hc
TDM
MUX
2.5-Gbps
Data
Synch
Fsec
Laser
iu ch
InP
Trc si quang
(15 km)
chia WDM
Hnh 2.12 Ngun xung Chirped WDM cho OLT

2.2.2.3 Ngun sng t la chn
Trong loi ngun ny, bc sng c xc nh khng phi bi chnh n,
nhng bng cc h s bn ngoi ging nh mt b lc hoc mt tn hiu thm vo.
thnh thong, bc sng ca ngun dch chuyn ty vo nhit xung quanh, hiu ng
lo ha, hoc trc trc v mch. Qun l mi ONU, trong khi bc sng l duy nht
trong mt nhm PON, l khng d dng bi v s kh khn khi tm kim chnh xc
bc sng. Mt ngun bc sng la chn t do c th gip nh l ngun vn hnh
t do t vn iu bin bc sng bi v cc bc sng c xc nh nh hn cc
h s cm bin mi trng bn ngoi ging nh l cc b loc quang hoc cc tn hiu
thm vo.
Ngun tri ph mng: Bng cch lt mng ph ca mt ngun quang bng
thng rng vi b lc bng nh th mt bc sng duy nht cho mi knh WDM c
nn li. Cc cch kt hp ring ca mt ngun quang bng thng rng v cc b lc
c th. V d, LED siu pht quang, EDFA, FP LD c s dng cho cc ngun
quang, trong khi b lc AWG v FP c dng trong cc b lc. Sau khi c duy
nht mt phn nh ca ph ca ngun c in c s dng th nhng ngun ny
thng b thiu nng lng, i hi phi c b khuch i quang. Phng php ny
cng c mt hn ch l tc iu ch bi v nhiu ca cc ngun ring ging nh
l nhiu mt phn Mode, nhiu mnh, v nhiu tri quang, n l cc c tnh c hu
ca cc ngun a mode hoc bng rng.
Laser Phun kha: Mt laser a mode c cc c tnh l n ch kch thch mt
mode khi mt tn hiu quang bn ngoi c iu chnh tt ang i n hnh. iu
khin thn trng ch s iu ch , dc laser, v ngun ca s kch thch quang ngoi
c yu cu lm tng hiu qu ca vic kha. FP LD kha phun t bn ngoi, cc
- 41 -
n tt nghip i Hc
ngun sng bng thng rng ph mng c kim tra cho s dng thng mi,
hnh 2.13. Lp ph chng phn x trn cnh ca laser c thm vo lm tng hiu
qu phun. Chiu di khoang c tng ln c t nht mt mode laser vi bng thng
ca mt s pht x t do khuch i phun ASE. Phng php ny to ra 32 knh
WDM ti cng mt thi im Nng lng cc i khc 7 dB c bo li gia cc
knh ging nh phun bc sng trch hng t bc sng laser pht ra hoc l t v
bc nh ca FP LD. Kh khn tng tc d liu nhng cc laser ny ch ra hiu
sut tt hn so vi ngun a mode ph mng.
ONUs
TVs
OLT
Core
Router
TR
x1
TR
x32
Strean
Server
RN
TRx 1
Switch
Video
PCs
C-BLS
L-BLS
Home 1
Phone
TVs
AWG
L2/L3 Switch
AWG
TRx 32
Switch
Video
PCs
POTS
S/W
GUI
Home 32
Phone
Hnh 2.13 Trng th nghim ca mt WDM PON da trn s phi hp LD

phun-kha
2.2.2.4 Ngun chia s (ngun lp) cho ONU
Mt vi nh nghin cu th loi tr cc ngun quang ti ONU, bi v n
tng i mao him v t tin t mi ONU qun l cc bc sng truyn dn ca
ONU. Nu mt trong s chng lch hng khi gn bc sng th knh lch hng
c th h xung khng ch chnh n nhng cng l knh lin k n. Mt gii php, tt
c cc ngun quang c mc ch cung cp t OLT, v ONU va iu ch v cung cp
khng iu ch ngun quang. i khi thm ch mt bc sng c th c s dng
trong c hai hng, dn n vic chng c gi l gii php ngun chia s, Bng
cch iu ch duy nht mt min tm cho ng ln v b qun khng iu ch nhng
min cn li cho lung ln. C hai loi iu ch : iu ch ngoi khuch i quang
bn dn SOA- c s dng cho mc ch ny.
Khi tn hiu lung xung c chia i ti ONU v phn ca n c cung cp
n mt b iu ch ngoi, sau tn hiu ny c th c iu ch ti tc cao cho
- 42 -
n tt nghip i Hc
mt truyn dn lung ln. Mt xut s dng laser iu bin c ti OLT, n c th

t n mi ONU trong iu chnh bng cch thay i bc sng ca LD. Duy nht
mt na thi gian tri qua trn lung xung v mt na cn li trn lung ln s dng
iu ch ngoi. Khi ONU c vn hnh theo cch ny, d tr nng lng v trng
thi phn cc ca tn hiu quang phi c cn nhc (v d hng ca dng in c
vi gia tr ngu nhin trong si quang bnh thng), bi v ngun chia s nn tri qua
vng tn hiu v u ra ca mt b iu ch ngoi thng bin i vi phn cc tn
hiu u vo. Ti cng mt thi im gi ca b iu ch ti ONU c th l mt kh
khn cho ngi dng.
Mt SOA phn x c minh ha trong hnh 2.14, l mt thit b c th b li
s mt tn hiu phn hi, c xut cho ngi s dng ging nh ngun chia s.
Ngun ASE ph mng khng b phn cc cung cp cho ONU c khuch i v
c iu ch bng SOA v phn x tr li OLT. Gi ca SOA vn cn gi nguyn
nh vn gii thch trc thng mi.
OLT
ONU
EDFA
DWDM
DWDM
B thu
SOA phn x
Hnh 2.14 Ngun chia s s dng SOA phn x

2.2.3 Thit b thu
Mt module b thu bao gm mt PD v cc thit b in i km khi phc
tn hiu. Cc PD thng thng l PIN v APD, m tm thy cc ng dng khc nhau
theo yu cu cm ng. Cc thnh phn in, bao gm b khuch i trc, b khuch
i chnh, v mt ng h v mt mch khi phc, ph thuc vo giao thc s dng v
mi bc sng. Sau khi mi bc sng c th lm vic ring l trong WDM PON, mi
b thu c th c cu hnh khc nhau.
- 43 -
n tt nghip i Hc
2.2.3.1 Photodiode
Nng lng ca tn hiu quang, nhng ci m t ti mt module thu, c xc
nh bng khong cch truyn dn ca n v t l chia. Nu WDM PON c s dng
trong mt cu trc nhiu on, nhn ngun thu s nh i. V th, thn trng nn c
tr v la chn cm bin. Mt PIN loi PD, gi nh th bi v n bao gm pha tp P,
bn trong, lp bn dn N, rt n gin v cu trc n gin ca n, tin s dng, gi
thnh thp. Cm bin ca n, hoc l nng lng quang yu cu, khng tt v n
khng c bt k mt s khuch i no bn trong n. Ging nh mt truyn dn ln
hn v ngun quang thu c khng tha mn cm ng thu ca PIN PD, n nn c
t li vi mt APD c cm ng cao hn 10dB ti mc gi cao hn. Hiu sut tt nht
to ra t x l khuch i ni trong n c gi l hiu ng thc. Mt vi kt hp ca
LD v PS c th c xem xt. Nu mt OLT nng lng cao c s dng, sau
mt PIN PD r c th thch hp ti ONU. Nhng trong trng hp lung xung, c
mt ngun nng lng cao ti ONU c th l rt t. V th c mt APD ti OLT vi
ONU ngun nh l mt gii php tt.
2.2.3.2 Mch khi phc
Mt WDM PON l trong sut n cc giao thc hoc cc tn hiu, ngha l n
c th mang bt k loi nh dng tn hiu no. Mt vi loi giao thc truyn dn, nh
EPON, BPON, Ethernet, SONET v cc loi khc, c th dng mt WDM PON nh
lp vt l ca chng. Nhng cc b thu ti OLT v ONU nn p ng cc nhu cu r
rng ca cc giao thc chp nhn. Nu nhiu ONU ca WDM PON chia s mt bc
sng s dng EPON giao thc iu khin a im MPCP, ci m to ra cho mi ONU
truyn d liu trong mt khe thi gian gn cho n, b thu OLT phi khi phc d liu
t cc tn hiu vi bin v pha n t ONU ring bit, l thuyt trong IEEE
802.3ah, trong khi cc mch thu loi khng i thng thng c s dng trong mi
ONU bi v cc tn hiu lung xung vn tip tc. Nhng, trong mt WDM PON, mi
cp ring ca OLT v ONU c kt ni vi nhau bi mt bc sng, mt b thu ch
truyn lot khng cn dng n na.
2.2.4 Chn RN
RN trong mt PON c th c to ra t mt b chia ngun splitter hoc mt
b nh tuyn bc sng th ng. Mt b chia phn phi n tt c cc tn hiu u
vo nh nhau vo tt c cc u ra, i hi phi c mt b lc wavelength ti mi
ONU. Chn mt, thng nht, mt tr v, v iu hnh nhit l chc nng rt quan
trng cho la chn ca n. Cc k thut ca b chia c th c tm thy trong
- 44 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Telcordia GR1209 hoc GR1221 . Mc d cc b chia kh n gin, chi ph thp, c

cu phn phi, n yu cu cc b lc quang vi cc bc sng trung tm khc nhau ti
ONU. Mt tn hiu nhiu hn xy ra vi mt b chia nhiu hn l so vi mt b nh
tuyn bc sng.
AWG c mt thit b thnh cng trong ngnh cng nghip WDM. N
c s dng trong nhiu h thng WDM khong cch xa nh l mt b ghp/phn
knh v nh l mt ADM. N nh tuyn ng mi bc sng c th n mt cng ra
duy nht, tch nhiu bc sng cng mt lc. c tnh chu k bc sng cho php cc
AWG s c s dng ti cc RN, c hai nh ghp knh v phn knh ti cng mt
thi gian, nh c hin th trong Hnh. 2.15. Khi b pht lung ln s dng bc
sng khc vi lung xung trong trn mt di ph t do ca AWG, cng mt cng u
ra AWG c th c gn cho lung ln v lung xung trong Hnh 2.15(a). Vi mc
ch ny, Mt b lc CWDM c dng ti ONU tch hai tn hiu. Nhng, nu
lung ln dng cng mt bc sng nh lung xung, ngun chia s cho v d ny,
sau 2 cng ra khc nhau nn c gn n mt ONU v mt AWG 2xN phi c
s dng ti RN, Hnh 2.15(b)
N+1
N+1.. 2N
... N
N+1
N+2
N+3
Tx
1
Rx
1... N
1
1
2
Tx
Rx
1... N
FSR
2N
N
N
12
N+1
thu pht hai chiu ti ONU.
(b) thu pht mt chiu ti ONU.
Hnh 2.15 RN da trn c tnh bc sng vng ca AWG

Mt tn hiu AWG chn mt khong 4-5 dB (bt k s lng cc knh) l nhiu
hn mt cht so vi ci ca b chia quang, m c mt tn hiu vt qu 0.5-1.5 dB
trong khi thm vo 1: N tn mt. Nhng, mc d tt c cc c tnh tt nh vy, bc
sng trung tm ca AWG thay i ~ 0,01 nm / C lm cho n kh khn khi c s
dng trong RN ca mt WDM-PON, k t khi RN c nh v nm trong mi trng
nhit th nh t -40 C ti + 85 C.
- 45 -
n tt nghip i Hc
iu c bn l ph thuc nhit t cc thay i ch s ca ng dn sng silic,

dn n mt thay i trong chiu di quang ca mch ca AWG. Nhng mi y, cc
gi ca AWG c thng bo, n c thc hin bi c mt s b vt liu m c
mt h s nhit khc so vi silic trong hn mt phn ca mch to sng AWG.Cn
c thm mt lc khc cho cc bc sng ghp/phn knh, gi l b lc thin-film
hay b lc nhiu a lp. Bng cc b lc xp tng trong ng dn quang, cc bc
sng c th c phn knh, v ngc li. Mi b lc c thit k truyn ti mt
bc sng duy nht trong khi nhng ci khc th phn x. y l loi b lc tt hn
cho CWDM trong khi AWG l tt cho trin khai thc hin cc knh ln.
Gn y, c mt loi hnh mi ca b nh tuyn bc sng, gi l mt cch t
ln, c ngh cho s dng h thng DWDM. Cch t ln ny da trn mt
cch t nhiu x loi ln v c bo co t mt tn hiu chn khong-3 dB v n
khong cch gia cc knh hp v tng s knh ln hn so vi AWG, v d, 160 knh
vi khong cch knh 25 GHz . Nhng vn l mt tranh ci v gii php tt hn
gia AWG v cch t ln. AWG, r rng c mt li th trong tch hp vi cc thit b
khc trong cu trc hp, v n s c thc hin trn mt PLC, trong khi cch t ln
c tim nng cho tr nhit v thu hp khong cch knh.
2.3 Kt lun chng 2
Trong cc gii php mng PON, gii php WDM PON ang trong qu trnh
nghin cu hnh thnh chun, v bc u c p dng th nghim. Chng
gii thiu v cc thit b m nhiu nh sn xut, cng ty vin thng ln khuyn ngh
s dng trong WDM-PON. mi thit b, trnh by v cu trc, nguyn l hot
ng v kh nng s dng ca chng. M quan trng l cc loi Laser iu chnh,
Laser phun kha
Yu cu ca cng ngh WDM-PON l nhm trnh c yu cu t ca
thit b quang ti ca mi ngi dng u cui ONU. iu c ngha l n c chi
ph kh cao khi s dng cc loi laser cho truyn dn WDM ng di mt cao
DWDM trong WDM-PON. Hn na, iu l phi thc t i vi thit b u cui
khch hng khi xy dng nhng laser bc sng n c nh, v vic qun l cc laser
ny l kh phc tp v tn km khi ng trn phng din l nh khai thc mng. i
vi khch hng ONU, iu s l kh khn nu yu cu laser iu chnh hoc thit
k mng WDM-PON k tip da trn kin trc phn x. Trong giai on sp ti, laser
iu chnh c hng ti WDM-PON hiu nng cao nht vi s knh bc sng ln
nht, nhng hin nay, cc laser iu chnh c vn c gi thnh kh cao. Trong phn
sau, n s trnh by cc kin trc v gii php ca mng WDM-PON nhm gim
c cc chi ph v pha khch hng ONU.
- 46 -
n tt nghip i Hc
CHNG III
Chng III Kin trc v gii php ca WDM-PON
KIN TRC V GII PHP CA WDM-PON
3.1 S WDN-PON n gin

PON bc sng n truyn thng (by gi tt l TDM-PON) kt hp cung cp
dung lng cao bng cp quang vi chi ph lp t v bo tr thp ca mt c s h
tng th ng. Cc b ti quang c chia s bng cc phng tin ca mt b chia
th ng gia tt c c thu bao. Kt qu l, s lng ONU b hn ch l bi v s suy
hao ca b chia v tc bit lm vic trong b thu pht CO v trong ONU. Hin ti s
k thut cho php cho 32 ONU ti mt khong cch ti a l 20 km t OLT v 64
ONU ti mt khong cch ti a ca 10 km t OLT. Gii php WDM PON cung cp
cc quy m bi v n c th h tr nhiu bc sng trn cng mt si c s h tng,
n vn trong sut n tc bit knh v n khng b mt ngun chia.
Mt phng thc trc tip xy dng mt WDM-PON l tn dng mt knh
bc sng ring bit t OLT n mi ONU, cho mi hng ln v xung, nh c
hin th trong Hnh. 3.1. Phng php ny to ra mt lin kt point-to-point gia cc
CO v mi ONU, n khc vi cu hnh im-a im TDM-PON Trong WDM-PON
ca Hnh.3.1, mi ONU c th hot ng ti mt tc ln n ton b tc bit ca
mt knh bc sng, nu cn thit, v vy, cc dch v khc nhau c th c h tr
trn cng mt mng. Ni cch khc, cc tp hp khc nhau ca bc sng c th c
s dng h tr cc mng con PON c lp khc nhau, tt c cc hot ng trn
cng mt si c s h tng quang.
Trong hng lung xung ca WDM-PON (hnh 3.1), cc knh bc sng
c nh tuyn t OLT n ONU bng b nh tuyn AWG, n c pht trin ti
mt Node iu khin t xa (RN), n l ni cc b chia th ng s dng mt TDMPON. AWG l mt thit b quang th ng vi c tnh tun hon, l do tnh cht
chu k m nhiu bc ph n c nh tuyn n cng mt cng u ra n t mt
cng u vo. iu ny cho php ti s dng cho khng gian ca cc knh bc sng.
Mt ngun a sng ti mt OLT c s dng truyn cc bc sng a n
ONU khc.
Dnh cho lung ln, OLT tn dng mt b phn knh WDM dc theo mt vng
b thu cho cc tin hiu thu c t lung ln. Mi ONU c trang b vi mt b thu
v b pht thu hoc truyn tn hiu vi cc bc sng tng ng ca n. Trong v
d ny, cc truyn dn ln xung xy ra trong mt ca s bc sng khc nhau, v
- 47 -
n tt nghip i Hc
nhng ca s ny c tch ring bng cch dung CWDM. Vi mi ca s cc bc

sng c tch xa hn bng WDM
OLT
Ngun
WDM
ONUs
1
1,2, .. N
N+1,N+2, 2N
Thu WDM
AWGbased
Router
1*N
N+1
Thit b thu
Pht tn hiu
N
2N
Thit b thu
Nhn hp /phn
knh quang
Pht tn hiu
CO
Hnh 3.1 Kin trc mng WDM-PON n gin

Mt yu cu WDM-PON l n nn c m rng trong bng thng nh trong
m rng s ngi s dng. p ng nhu cu ny, cc thit b quang cn thit k
kinh t hn. Cc cu hnh cho php cng vi cc b phn cu thnh c tho lun
trong phn sau.
3.2 Cc kin trc WDM-PON
3.2.1 PON hn hp (CPON)
gii quyt gii hn m rng ca PON truyn thng, mt kin trc sm nht
WDM-PON xut da trn khi nim AWG tn dng WDM trong bng tn 1550-nm
trong lung xung v mt bc sng lung ln trong bng 1300-nm chia s thng qua
TDMA. Trong khi mt thit k sm hn ca kin trc ny s dng cc si quang ring
bit cho lung ln v lung xung , mt loi thit b tch hp c xut WDM
nh tuyn trong mt ca s bc sng v mt ngun bc sng c lp kt hp trong
mt ca s th hai trn mt si quang n thng qua CWDM. Kin trc ny c
gi tt l CPON trong ti liu ny . Mt bc sng n, b thu ch truyn hng lot
c s dng ti cc OLT nhn c tn hiu lung ln. Mt b thu ch Burst
c yu cu ng b ha tn hiu ng h ca ONU truyn i khc nhau, trong
c th ti khong cch khc nhau t OLT. Hnh 3.2 cho thy cch b tr ca mt
CPON.
- 48 -
n tt nghip i Hc
CPON trnh nhng hn ch ca lung ln WDM nhng b hn ch trong thc t

l mt laser n tn, chng hn nh mt phn phi-thng tin phn hi (DFB) laser
it bn dn (LD) ti ONU, c kinh t cao
ONU1
Ngun iu
chnh
WDM
1,2, ... N
1,2, .. N
Ch nhn
Burst tn stn hiu
AWG da vo
Router th ng
(ng ln),Th
ng phi hp
(ng xung)
Pht v thu bc
sng tn hiu
ONU2
Pht v thu bc
sng tn hiu
ONUN
Pht v thu bc
sng tn hiu
Hnh 3.2 Kin trc ca CPON

3.2.2 Mng nh tuyn truy nhp ni ht (LARNET)
Kin trc LARNET (mng nh tuyn truy nhp ni ht) c gng lm vic
xung quanh nhng gii hn trong CPON bng cch tn dng mt ngun ph rng ti
ONU, chng hn nh mt LED trong khi ph c dt mng bi AWG - da vo bt
nh tuyn trong di quang khc nhau trong lung ln. LED pht x mt pht x mt
ph rng ca bc sng tp trung xung quanh mt bc sng n, so vi DFB laser,
n ch pht x mt bc sng nh sng duy nht. Mt li th ca vic s dng mt
LED pht x cnh l mi ONU c th c cng mt thit b, nh ngc vi DFB lasers
s dng ti mi ONU, n c th yu cu cho cc DFB to ra s khc nhau.
Kin trc LARNET c hin th trong Hnh. 3.3. Mt ngun ph rng t mi
ONU l t u vo cc cng khc nhau ca b nh tuyn AWG. Ty thuc vo cng
vo, cc thnh phn sng c dt mng ti cc u ra khc nhau. V vy, ti cng
u ra, chng ti quan st nhiu thnh phn bc sng, mi ci tng ng vi mt yu
t u vo mt ONU. Tn hiu lung xung vi thnh phn a bc sng ti CO c
to ra bi mt MFL, n c ghp cp vo si truyn dn qua mt mt ghp 1.3 hoc
1.5m. Mt b thu bng rng (khng ging nh mt b thu loi burst bc sng n
tn dng tai CPON), cng c tn dng ti CO, m c th thu c bt k thnh phn
ph no ca LED pht x cnh. Bn cht l, cc OLT ti CO c th nhn c trn bt
- 49 -
n tt nghip i Hc
k bc sng t ONU no . C mt b thu n ti OLT i hi. Knh lung ln

c chia s gia cc ONU bng cch s dng mt lc nh TDMA
ONU1
Ngun
iu
chnh
WDM
Thit b thu
1,2, ... N
1,2, ... N
1,2, ... N
Ch
nhn truy
cp Burst
1*N
AWGbased
router
ONUN
N
1,2, ... N
LED
Thit b thu
LED
Hnh 3.3 Kin trc ca LARNET

LED pht x cnh ang c gi r hn nhiu so vi DFB laser, gim bt chi
ph ca ONU. Gii hn i vi kin trc ny l ph mng ca ngun ph rng bi
mt AWG c th dn n tn tht nng lng cao. V vy, khong cch t OLT n
ONU l gim i r rt trong LARNET
3.2.3 Thm d t xa ca mng u cui (RITENET)
RITENET nhm trnh b pht ti ONU do iu ch tn hiu t OLT v gi n
tr li hng ln. Ti ONU, nh sng c chia bi mt van th ng, vi mt phn
ca nh sng pht hin bi b thu. Cn li c lp li CO thng qua mt b iu ch.
Cc tn hiu t OLT c chia s cho lung ln v lung xung thng qua thi gian
chia s. Mt 2 2 N AWG da trn nh tuyn c s dng nh tuyn bc
sng.
Ti CO, mt laser iu chnh c c ch ph hp vi ci ca AWG l bc
bc sng thng qua cc knh ONU. Nh vy, c hai knh lung ln v lung xung
phi c chia s bi cc ONU bng cch s dng TDMA hoc cp pht bng thng
ng. Ngoi ra, nh c xut trong mt s kin trc gn y , mt mng ca b
pht v b thu c th c tn dng OLT. Trong trng hp ny, knh chia s khng
phi l bt buc. Sau khi cng chung mt knh quang c s dng cho c hai lung
ln v lung xung, chng phi c tch ra trn hai si khc nhau. Hnh 3.4 cho thy
cc kin trc ca RITENET.
- 50 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Trong khi RITENET gip gim chi ph kt cui ti ONU, khong cch t OLT
n ONU l rt nh, nh cc tn hiu ti cc OLT by gi phi truyn i xa gp i. S
lng cc si lm vic trong cc kin trc tng gp i, gp i chi ph trin khai v
bo tr. Cng s dng mt trong laser iu hng hoc mt mng ca b pht v b
thu ti OLT lm cho RITENET c mt kin trc tn km hn so vi CPON v
LARNET. Kin trc ny, tuy nhin, c mt s li th, nh l tnh trng c sn ca
bng thng i xng trong lung ln v lung xung. Ngoi ra, cc tn hiu lung ln
khng b nh hng ca tn tht ph mng trong LARNET
ONU1
1
Laser iu
hng ngun
WDM
1,2, ... N
iu ch
1,2, ... N
2*2N
AWG
based
router
1,2, ... N
Tunable
Receiver /
WDM
receiver
Thit b thu
1,2, ... N
ONUN
Thit b thu
iu ch
Hnh 3.4 Kin trc ca RITENET

3.2.4 Kin trc WDM PON da vo AWG nhiu on
Kin trc bn trn c hai hn ch: (1) gp kh khn trong nhn rng s lng
cc ONU sau khi mng c t ra, v (2) gii hn s lng ngi s dng, bi v cc
cng ngh ch to gii hn kch thc ca AWG. khc phc nhng hn ch, mt
kin trc nhiu on c xut trong . Kin trc ny, c gii thiu nh l mt
WDM-PON a on, khai thc cc c tnh nh tuyn on ca AWG, ti s dng
mt bc sng cho nhiu hn mt thu bao. Kin trc ny cung cp kh nng m rng
trong bng thng cng nh trong s ngi s dng, hoc bng cch s dng bc sng
b sung ti CO hay do hiu ng thc nhiu giai on ca AWG vi s gia tng AWG
th tng giai on.
Kin trc ny c hin th trong Hnh. 3.5. N th hin lm th no AWG b
sung c th c m rng t mt 8-bc sng, 8-ONU kin trc WDM PON n 32bc sng , 32 - ONU WDM PON. Ch s di ca bc sng ngha l s bc sng,
trong khi ch s di ch ngun 1^ 2 (v d nh, 1^ 2 ch bc sng 1 t laser 2).
- 51 -
n tt nghip i Hc
tng ny c mt s cch gii thch. Cc ONU k tha -ONU1 n ONU8-cn li

khng nh hng v tip tc s dng bc sng 1^ 1 n 4^ 1 v 1^ 2 n 4^ 2.
Cc knh 2 8 AWG c duy tr, v c thm 8ma trn mi 1 4 knh AWG c s
dng m rng mng.
1,5, 9 13
Laser 1
Laser 2
1,2, ... 16
1,6,10.,14
2*8
AWG
1,2, ... 16
1*4
AWG
ONU1
ONU2
ONU3
ONU4
1*4
AWG
3,7, 11,15
1*4
AWG
4,8, 12,16
1*4
AWG
Hnh 3.5 Kin trc AWG a on
ONU29
ONU30
ONU31
ONU32
3.2.5 Kin trc DWDM super PON (SPON)

PON b gii hn trong chnh khong cch truyn ca n v s lng cc node,
n c th h tr bi v c mt s gii hn nng lng. V d, khong cch ti a
truyn dn ca EPON l 20 km v s lng ti a node n c th h tr l 32. Mt s
nh iu hnh mng ang quan tm n vic m rng phm vi cc di dch v trong
khi phi vng qua tng i a phng lm gim ng k chi ph vn hnh . xut
SPON bao gm mt phm vi trn 100 km vi mt t l phn chia ln n 2000 nh s
gip ca b khuch i quang (SOA) . Cc b khuch i quang c t trong b
chuyn di ngay sau giai on phn chia u tin; nh th n cung cp nng lng
cho h thng. Chi ph li ch khng ch xut pht t ngun ti nguyn chia s, nhng
cng t cc v tr chuyn mch chc chn. Tuy nhin, cc bc sng n SPON c mt
gii hn bng thng t mt bc sng c chia s bi nhiu ONU.
Mt DWDM SPON c ngh tng bng thng bng cch cung cp cc
bc sng ring trong c hai hng . Kin trc a ra ny c c th hin trong
- 52 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Hnh. 3.6 Trong chng lc , mi b chia ngun 1 N PON s dng hai knh
DWDM, mt cho lung ln v mt cho lung xung. Mt na "xanh" (1525nm
1543nm) ca bng C mang cc knh lung xung trong khi na "mu " (1547nm
1565nm) mang cc knh lung ln, n c tch ra do chi ph thp ca cc b lc
hoc xanh (RBF ). ONU s dng mt ngun chia s . Mt b iu ch hp th in
b khuch i quang bn dn (EAM-SOA) c th lm vic nh l mt ONU khng
mu, c s dng khng ch cho iu ch nhng cng cho c khuch i. V tr cc
b lp c cha mt sng-lin tc (cw) ging laser, theo sau l mt b khuch i, phn
phi mt ngun quang lung ln cho mi ONU cha mt nhm b lc PON. Tt c
cc bc sng lung ln c khuch i bi mt b khuch i trc EDFA trc khi
c tch v mi b thu ti OLT.
Trong khi kin trc SPON ny lm cho cc dch v khong cch xa c th thc
thi v h tr nhiu node truy nhp, n s dng phn hot ng nh b khuch i
quang v cc ngun u tin khi pht trin, n yu cu ngun in v do phi c
thng xuyn bo tr. V vy, n khng phi l th ng, l yu cu c bn ca mt
PON. V vy, kin trc ny s cn phi so snh vi cc gii php th khc vi chi
ph v s tin dng trong qun l.
90
km
RBF
5
km
RBF
Rx
Laser
u
ni
OLT
Rx
EAMSOA
B lp
RN
ONU
Hnh 3.6 Kin trc DWDM super-PON (SPON) dng ONU khng mu
3.2.6 Kin trc SUCCESS-DWA PON
Kin trc PON (SUCCESS-DWA) Gn bc sng ng truy nhp trng i
hc Stanford nhm mc ch m rng tn dng cp pht bc sng ng (DWA)
cung cp bng thng chia s trn nhiu PON vt l. iu ny c thc hin trong khi
cc trng -trin khai PON hin ti vn cn nguyn vn.
- 53 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Hnh 3.7 cho thy cu trc h thng mng ca SUCCESS-DWA PON. N tn

dng laser iu hng c (TL), v AWG ti CO, trong khi cc b lc WDM v mt
b thu ch burst c tn dng trong ONU. Lu lng ng ln v ng xung
c chia ra bng cch dng mt b lc WDM bng rng gia AWG v PON. Kin
trc ny i hi rng tt c cc bc sng t OLT c th tip cn tt c cc ONU qua
cc PON vt l ring. TL1 c th tip cn PON1 thng qua knh AWG (1, 5, 9,. . . );
n cng c th tip cn PON2 thng qua cc knh (2, 6, 10. . . ), v c nh vy cho
PON3 v PON4. V vy, mt TL c th giao tip vi bt k ngi dng no trn mt
PON ring bng cch xc nh nhng thng s m bc sng ri vo trong di thng
ca ngi s dng v nhng thng s m bc sng thot khi AWG hng hng
n PON ring . Kin trc ny cung cp kh nng m rng trin khai bc u mt
TL v mt AWG trong CO, n phc v nhiu thu bao qua PON ring. Nh s tng
ln ca nhu cu, kin trc ny c th c m rng bng cch thm vi TL n AWG,
hoc bng cch thm mt AWG cng vi mt vi TL, nh c hin th bng du
chm AWG trong Hnh 3.7.
PON 1
Knh 1
Ngi dng 1
Knh 16
Ngi dng 16
Knh 1
Ngi dung 17
Knh 16
Ngi dng 32
Knh 1
Ngi dng 33
Knh 16
Ngi dng 48
Knh 1
Ngi dng 49
Knh 16
Ngi dng 64
TL5
TL6
A
W
G
TL7
PON 2
TL8
TL1
TL2
TL3
PON 3
A
W
G
TL4
PON 4
TX
Up/Down
Hnh 3.7 Kin trc SUCCESS-DWA PON .

SUCCESS-DWA PON yu cu c mt thut ton lp lch thch hp, t khi ti
mt trong hu ht cc TL c th truy vo bt k ngi dng no ti bt k thi im
no, v TL l mt ngun ti nguyn chia s t khi s lng TLS t hn s lng ngi
s dng. B lp lch phi duy tr s cng bng, trnh xung t, v ti a ha vic s
- 54 -
n tt nghip i Hc
dng TL. Mt phng php s dng mt s hng i u ra o trnh nghn uca-dng, v mt lc hng i di nht u tin hay bt c chng trnh tinh vi c
th c s dng xc nh th t trong phc v hng i. Mt b phn x ph hp
l cn thit ngn chn hai TLs t truy nhp cng mt hng i ng thi, sau khi
hng i no c th c phc v bi nhiu TL. Phng php ny trnh c xung
t nhng b gii hn khi m rng ra cho s lng ln ngi dng. Mt phng php
khc tn dng hng i ti bt pht. Trong cc gi chuyn n c gn n cc b
pht vi hng i ngn nht gim thiu chm tr. m bo rng khng c hai
gi u vo cng mt ngi dng cui chng cho nhau qua cc hng i khc nhau,
b lp lch c th theo di cc ch ca gi cui cng trong cc hng i v gn cho
cc gi n hng i TL nu chng c cng mt ch n. Cht lng dch v (QoS)
c th t c bng cch u tin ca cc gi khi gn cho chng vo cc hng i.
3.3 Cc gii php mng WDM-PON
WDM l cng ngh ha hn y trin vng cho khai thc bng thng sn c ca
cp quang. Tuy nhin ng dng ca n truy nhp l b gii hn bi v gi thnh ca
cc thit b quang WDM truyn thng.
H thng Dense-WDM tr gip cc knh trong bng C v L vi mt khong
dn t 100 n 25 Ghz, nh ngha trong ITU-T G694.1. Cc h thng ny yu cu
nhit n nh ngn lch bc sng v cc thit b in iu khin chnh xc. Gi
thnh ca cc thit b ny l kh cao v cc ng dng ca n trong mt mi trng
truy nhp l kh khn v gc nhn kinh t.
gim gi thnh ca truyn dn quang v th lng cc h thng WDM,
mt phin bn thp ca WDM c pht trin, ch chnh ca n l cho cc mng
th nhng cng c th s dng cho mng truy nhp. Cng c gi l CoarseWDM khng yu cu n nh nhit, ging nh tch ring gia cc knh xp x 2.5
THz. Thit k ca ghp knh v phn knh l kh n gin v c sc chu ng cao.
ITU-T G.694.2 nh ngha cc bc sng trung tm v tch ring gia cc knh l
20nm. Vi khong cch knh ny, c th ln ti 16 knh CWDM c th truyn trong
mt si cp quang n.
Cc knh CWDM quy c trong ITU-T G.694.1 m rng thc th bng bc
sng gia 1.310 v 1.610 nm, bao gm mt vng m vng ny c tn OH c th xut
hin, ngi dng cp OH-t do c quy nh trong ITU-G652.C v G.652.D.
trnh cc vung quan trng gim s lng cc knh bc sng thch hp xung cn 8,
V d: 1,310 v 1,490-1,610 nm. Tuy nhin n cng cho php s dng CWDM vi cc
- 55 -
n tt nghip i Hc
cp quang sn c trong ITU-T G652 iu ny c pht trin trong lnh vc ny.

Khuch i quang bng rng l n m rng s dng vi WDM v DWDM m rng
si quang ko di ra n hng trm kilomet v n khng dng cho CWDM v v th
n gii hn cc lin kt quang trong h thng CWDM n my chc Kilomet.
CWDM trong truy nhp cung cp cc gii php ng quan tm to ra c
mng truy nhp mt cao v bng thng cao. C bn, c hai gii php chng ln
mng v chng ln dch v
3.3.1 Chng ln mng
Nguyn l ca phng php ny l ghp mt vi PON ging nhau v kch c
vo mt trung k quang n v s dng 2 giai on nh tuyn chng ln n ngi
dng cui. Giai on th nht thc hin inh tuyn CWDM v giai on th 2 l b
chia ngun PON c in. Hnh 3.8 minh ha cho phng php ny.
Gii php m rng s lng ca cc ngi dng c phc v bi mt si
quang n. H s ghp knh l s cc bc sng theo nguyn l chng ta c th tng
lu lng ln n 16 ln s lng ngi dng. Thc t, c mt vi s hn ch. Nu
chng ta s dng si quang c sn, bc sng 1,400 v 1,380nm khng c s dng
trong mt nh sng. Nu chng ta s dng mt si quang t bn ngoi chng ta yu
cu cc bc sng lung ln v lung xung, c hiu qu dng mt s cc mng con
chia mt tha s lm 2.
S thc hin ny tuy nhin l rt n gin: N giao din CWDM, vi N l s
lng cc mng con v cng a ra s cc bc sng (knh) yu cu, c ghp i
v truyn trn mt knh quang trung k n node xa u tin, vi mi knh CWDM
c nh tuyn n cy th 2 (mng con). Sau mt giai on chia ngun th hai
phn pht tn hiu gia tt c ONU ca on mng . Truyn dn lung ln xc nh
phng thc TDM PON c in. Thng thng, n hon ton tng thch ngoi tr
cho bc sng truyn ca mi mng con. Mi mng con thit k bc sng ln v v
th ONU t cc mng con tng t v s dng bc sng tng t cho truyn dn
lung ln. C mt vi gii php trnh ONU khc nhau ph thuc mng con l
chng c gn vi nhau. Cc ngun bng rng v chia ph l mt gii php c
xut.
- 56 -
n tt nghip i Hc

ONU
ONU
C-WDM
Chia ngun
ONU
OLT
ONU
ONU
MUX/DEMUX
ONU
TDM-PON
Segment
Hnh 3.8 Nguyn l chng ln mng Coarse-WDM

3.3.2 Chng ln dch v
Mt cch s dng ng quan tm ca CWDM trong truy nhp l a ra cc
dch v khc trn cc knh CWDM khc nhau. Trong phng php ny s lng
ngi dng c nh ngha bi tha s chia ngun nn khng c li trn s lng
ngi s dng cc dch v mng . Tuy nhin, lu lng mng c tng ln do mt
tha s s lng bc sng s dng, ci m cho php tng tng ng trong s
lng cc dch v cung cp.
Thit b bn ngoi c nh ngha trong trng hp PON chun, vi mt giai
on chia ngun v thit b CWDM c cp t ti OLT v ONU. C nh cc b lc
ti gii iu ch ONU cc dch v khc nhau chng c trnh by. Ti cng mt
thi im, cc giao din CWDM khc nhau ti OLT truyn i cc dch v khc nhau
m chng a ra.
C nhiu cc ng dng ng ch dng cho loi dch v chng ln. V d, cc
nh cung cp dch v khc nhau c th s dng cng mt h tng mng s hu ca
mnh bng ba phn dch v khc (video, data, thoi,), c th c phn pht s dng
cho cc bc sng khc nhau theo ph c bn ph thuc vo ngi s dng cui.
Hn na, phng php ny rt linh hot ging nh hot ng mt dch v mt
yu cu ci t ca mt b lc CWDM v mt b thu photo ti ONU ca thu bao
- 57 -
n tt nghip i Hc
ONU
PON
Chia ngun
OLT
ONU
C-WDM filter
OLT TX
ONU
C-WDM mux
ONU RX
Dch v 1
C-WDM filter
Dch v N
Hnh 3.9 Cc loi b sung ca chng ln

3.3.3 WDM/TDM PON lai ghp
3.3.3.1 Trong bc sng nh tuyn PON
WDM PON da vo ghp knh ca ngi dng trn mt h tng si quang chia
s dng mt bc sng ring bit cho mi im ch. Cng ngh ny to nn mt lin
kt im-im o iu cho php truyn dn song cng vi cc tc bit quang c
lp ca lu lng gy ra bi ngi s dng
Mt hn ch chnh ca WDM PON l gi thnh cao trong thc thi v b gii hn
s cc bc sng c th, v d: tha s chia thp. Trc ht, ti OLT cn thit t mt
laser cho mi lin kt ONU n mng, tng s lng ca cc thit b quang ti OLT.
Cng v th, trong cc thit b bn ngoi mt b nh tuyn c yu cu nh tuyn
mi bc sng n mi lin kt ca ONU n mng, v cui cng mi ONU cn
truyn dn cc knh lung ln ca n n mt bc sng duy nht v ring bit, ct s
lng ca cc u cui c kh nng chia i s lng cc bc sng c th. Mc
ch cui cng , nu chng ta mun tt c ONU c nh dng, cc ngun laser c
th iu ha t l cn thit. Nu chng ta mun dng laser c nh, mi ONU s cn
mt ngun laser khc nhau, tng s phc tp ln rt ln ca iu khin d tr. Tuy
nhin, c mt vi khi nim lm gim vn ny, v d: bng cch chia ph mi ONU
c th c trang b vi cng mt loi ngun rng ph. La chn, th nht c th cng
c s dng iu ch xa ti ONU ca knh bc sng to bi lung ln trong phn
chia s ca mng , do nn trnh mt ngun ng ti ONU . Mt la chn khc
- 58 -
n tt nghip i Hc
l s dng module truyn ti c th thay i v cc b lc bc sng, v d module

OADM.
Khc phc vn ca WDM PON, c mt vi gii php c pht trin trong
lnh vc ca WDM/TDM lai ghp trong mt vi nm gn y. tng l trn c khi
nim kt hp tt hn gia 2 la chn. Phng php c chp nhn nhiu nht l
nhng TDM PON vo trong mt WDM PON, dn n kh nng mng dy c ca cc
ngh kt ni n s lng ln ngi dng. Gii php ny khng lm sng t rng
ONU cn phi khc nhau nu chng ta khng s dng cc laser c th ha hp c
cho chng.
ONU
ONU
Giai on WDM
Giai on
TDM
ONU
OLT
ONU
Giai on
TDM
ONU
ONU
Hnh 3.10 Cu hnh WDM/TDM lai ghp

Mt phng php ng ch khc l s dng mt phng php truy nhp bao
gm chia s mt ngn laser gia ONU kt ni n mng (hnh 3.10). Trong trng hp
, mi laser iu hng c chuyn sang cc bc sng khc nhau gi d liu n
TDM da trn ONU khc nhau. La chn ny cng gim gi thnh bi v khng cm
cp pht mt laser cho mi ONU tai OLT. Mt khc, t hiu sut mng v s dng cc
im nhn, tng ny hp l ging vi ONU khng truyn trong tt c thi gian.
3.3.3.2 Trong mng truy nhp Qung b-v-la chn bc sng
Khi cp pht bng thng ng iu kin lu lng thp c th c s dng ti
mc giao thc truy nhp trn c s chia s thi gian, iu ny c th khng c np
y cc iu kin thp hn khi cn tp hp bng thng c th m rng dung bc
sng. Nu WDM c s dng v ONU c cung cp cc b thu pht c th nh
hng c, cc node c th c iu chnh li (t li cu hnh) gim ti trng
cc bc sng cn bng lu lng gia tt c c bc sng c kh nng, iu
lm tng dung lng mng.
- 59 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Mc d kh nng iu chnh c b i hi ti ONU gn ng cc bc

sng n cc b thu pht, th kh nng ny khng cn phi nhanh sau khi n kim tra
cc thay i chm lu lng. Ngy nay, cc laser v b lc iu chnh chm ang r i
v th nhng gii php ny c th c cn nhc trong k hoch PON trong tng lai
gn.
Ti cu hnh PON xy dng ln cc cu hnh hp l khc qua mng quang, ci
m c th ph hp vi iu kin lu lng v theo sau nhng thay i chm chm ca
lu lng.
Mt vn lin quan n quyt nh xem lm th no c th xay dng ln mt
mng PON hp l. V th, hiu qu ca c ch ti cu hnh l lm sng t vn ny
cn phi c nghin cu.
iu quan trng l cc gii php WDM/TDM PON cng tn ti vi TDM PON
v l h tng pht trin PON c th khng c bn n nu kinh t tng trng
nh mong i. Trong trng hp ny, nng cp, thay i cng nn c lm trong
OLT ti cng ty trung tm hoc trong ONU ti v tr thu bao iu chnh h tng
hin ti l nh nht.
ONU
s
RX
OLT
RX
Chia ngun
TXs
RX
RX
Hnh 3.11 WDM/TDM trong ng xung

Mt phn tch s b kh nng nng cp cho gii php PON hin ti vi cc
dung lng ca vic ti cu hnh b loi b. Mt phng php n gin v c hiu
qu kinh t c th gii thiu CWDM ch trong lung xung v b qua lung ln (lung
ln da vo TDM) th hin trong hnh 3.11. Nu, OLT c trang b vi mt vng cc
laser truyn trn cc bc sng khc nhau, v ONU nn c cc b lc thay i
chm thu trn bc sng n la chn c. Ging nh l kt qu, mt PON hp
- 60 -
n tt nghip i Hc
l c xy dng cho mi laser ca OLT v mi ONU c th l ca bt k mt ci no

trong nhng ci c quyt nh bi cc bc sng thu c ti a im.
Mt vn quyt nh ni ln l lm th no gn ONU ti cc bc sng, bit
rng n ging nh vn DWA. Mt gii php l cn bng lu lng gia tt c cc
bc sng v trnh iu kin ln ti. Sau khi OLT sp xp ti tt c lu lng lung
xung (v d n bit n l ma trn lung xung), n c th tm thy PON hp l cn
ph hp vi lu lng tt nht hin ti. Mc d vn ny c th c gii quyt
hp l, nhng n vn c biu th thnh phn cng NP. Tuy nhin mt pht hin
nhanh c bit n di ci tn LPT c th c s dng gii thch n trong a
thc thi gian.
Sau khi kh nng iu khin chm li, cc ONU chuyn sang trng thi ri
tuyn trong khi x l iu chnh li dnh cho nhng th ma chng ta gi l mt giai
on tt n blackout period, trong lc m chung ta khng th nhn c cc gi tin.
Nguyn do, khi tm kim cu hnh hp l ph hp vi lu lng, n cng tng i
quan trng cn nhc n gi thnh ti cu hnh (v d s lng ca cc ONU ti cu
hnh) tng ng cho vic chuyn t mt cu hnh PON ny sang mt cu hnh PON
khc. Thut ton ti cu hnh khng nn ch xem xt n cn bng lu lng nhng
cng khng ph v lu lng c th. C gii php ti u v phng php da vo kinh
nghim u c mt vi vn c a ra v nghin cu .
ONU
s
TX
OLT
TX
Splitters
RXs
TX
TX
Hnh 3.12 WDM/TDM trong lung ln

ci tin cp pht bng thng dnh cho lu lng lung xung (v d trong
lu lng ngang hng Peer-to-peer) (C)WDM c th c gii thiu trong lung ln
bng cch trang b ONU vi cc b pht iu chnh chm v OLT vi mt vng cc b
- 61 -
n tt nghip i Hc
thu c nh, Minh ha trong hnh 3.12. Ngy nay gi thnh ca cc laser iu chnh
c CWDM ch cn ln hn 15-20% so vi laser c nh (vi cng mt cng sut v
chc nng ph). Mt ln na vn quyt nh ny sinh khi quyt nh xem nn iu
chnh cc b pht ONU thnh ci g. Tuy nhin, trong khi dnh cho lung xun OLT
bit n ma trn lu lng, dnh cho lung ln thng tin ny c phn phi gia
cc node. Tri li, thi gian blackout khng cn thit nh trong trng hp lung
xung sau khi cc b thu c th c iu chnh trong mt mu phn phi khng mt
gi tin (v d cc gi tin cn li trong b m vn cn ang iu chnh qua)
3.3.4 Ti cu hnh WDM PON
Phm vi vi thay i trong dch v i hi bi nhng ngi s dng v thnh
thong la chn nh vn hnh chuyn nhanh, n c hiu qu linh hot hn khi cp
pht lm tng kh nng mng to bi cc knh nhiu bc sng qua mng truy nhp.
K thut nh tuyn bc sng ng c th c s dng cho iu ny, v th to nn
nhiu hiu qu cho ngi s dng dng cc ti nguyn mng v to ra nhiu thu nhp
hn.
Hnh 3.13 m t nguyn l: t OLT trong trm kt thc u ca mng, cc knh
a bc sng c dn n ONU qua mt cy-v-nhnh PON. Bng cch la chn
bc sng nh tuyn trong PON hoc la chn bc sng ti ONU, cc lm bc
sng c th c gn mt gi tr ONU ring. V th lu lng c th c chia s gia
cc ONU ny. ONU sau khi truyn lu lng ny chia s n cc mng in dm u
ca h kt ni n nhng ngi s dng cui. S sp xp ca ti nguyn lu lng
mng n nhng kilomet u tin c th c chuyn bng cch thay i vic gn
knh bc sng. C bn ca 2 phng php ny c th theo sau y, m t trong hnh
3.14 nh tuyn bc sng trong la chn trng hoc la chn bc sng ti ONU.
Vi nh tuyn bc sng, trong hnh 3.14a, mt b nh tuyn bc sng nh
hng c hng cc knh bc sng n cc cng ra ring, v vic nh tuyn ny
c th c iu chnh bng cc tn hiu iu khin bn ngoi t u cui. h tr
phn pht cc dch v qung b n tt c cc ONU trong phn thm, cc ngun d tr
m rng phi c to ra knh bc sng qung b. C th l nh tuyn bc sng
phi cung cp tt c chuyn mch hoc l cc knh qung b cn vng qua router theo
mt ng b chia ngun quang ging nh phn ni n sau ny vi vic phi hp la
chn bc sng. Ging vi nh tuyn cc knh bc sng chng c phn chia n
cc ONU duy nht khi cc khch hng yu cu cc dch v tng ng, khng c ngun
quang no b lng ph.
- 62 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Si quang
Network
optical
- layer
Headend
Network
Electrical
Firstmilelayer
Hnh 3.13 nh tuyn bc sng ng trong cc mng truy nhp lai ghp
x
1 N
HE
1 N
ONU
ONU
tunable
-router
- tunable
ONU
HE
ONU
OA
ONU
ONU
1 N
a) nh tuyn bc sng linh hot
b) Trong qung b v la chn
Hnh 3.14 Cp pht ng ca cc knh bc sng n cc n v mng quang

Vi la chn bc sng, hnh 3.14b, tt c cc knh bc sng c qung b
n mi ONU v trc ONU c iu chnh sang mun knh bc sng. R rng
rng ngun ca cc knh bc sng khc b lng ph do ONU v mt ti cc b chia
ngun qung b l ng k. Mt b khuch i lun cn b vo nhng ci mt
v phi iu khin hai hng lun xung tt nh lung ln. Mt cch khc, khng c
cp pht c bit no trong mng cn thit h tr dch v qung b.
3.4 Gii php WDM trong 10GEPON
3.4.1 Th h EPON k tip:10GEPON
EPON 10 Gb/s l mt bc tin mi trong vic tng dung lng, n h tr hiu
qu cho vic truyn tn hiu truyn hnh cht lng cao v nhu cu h tr mng ng
trc v tuyn th h k tip. Nghin cu ca IEEE 802.3 v EPON 10 Gb/s tp trung
vo nh ngha mt lp vt l im a im mi, duy tr lp MAC, iu khin MAC
v tt c cc lp bn trn khng b thay i trong phm vi rng nht c th. iu ny
- 63 -
n tt nghip i Hc
c ngha l cc sng mang vn c kin trc nh c v c tng thch vi h thng

qun l mng (NMS), cc hot ng ca lp PON, qun l v h thng bo tr (OAM),
DBA v lp chng trnh, ...
Nhm nghin cu EPON 10 Gb/s t ra nhng mc tiu cho c truyn dn
trn ng dy i xng v bt i xng. H thng i xng s hot ng tc 10
Gb/s c lung ln v lung xung. H thng bt i xng s dng lung xung 10
Gb/s v lung ln 1 Gb/s, a s ging nh cc tiu chun sn c ca IEEE 802.3ah cho
lung ln.
H thng bt i xng phn nh mt thc t l cc dch v video cht lng cao
to nn sc p v dung lng ch yu l i vi lung xung. Sn phm EPON bt i
xng thch hp nht xut hin trc tin, c im k thut ny da trn nhng cng
ngh khoa hc ng tin cy. S truyn dn lung ln vn ging ht nh trong 1G
EPON, v cc b thu pht quang hot ng ch cm c trin khai hng lot.
Truyn dn lung xung da trn s tin cy ca cc thit b P2P 10Gb/s.
im nhn mnh ca cu trc i xng l hot ng truyn dn theo ch
cm tc 10 Gb/s. M ha ng dy 64b/66b c dng trong lp vt l Ethernet
10 Gb/s i hi s cn thit phi c mt thit k FEC mi.
EPON 10 Gb/s c nh gi l c tnh hiu qu kinh t cao, n cung cp bng
thng ln hn mng CATV s dng DOSIS 3.0. y chnh l nguyn nhn ch yu
lm cho EPON 10 Gb/s l mt cng ngh c kh nng thay th cho cc mng CATV
th h tip theo. N cng cho php thay i mt cch t bin bng thng d liu sn
c cho cc thu bao m khng cn vic ngi qun l ng dy thay i cch phn
phi video sn c.
Bt u t nm 2006 v hin nay chun 802.3av vn ang tip tc c nghin
cu. Cc nh nghin cu v 10G EPON k vng rng chun ny s chnh thc c
tha nhn v ph chun vo thng 9 nm 2009.
3.4.2 Lp con ph thuc mi trng vt l
3.4.2.1 Mc tiu ca PMD
H tr cc mng truy nhp v pha thu bao s dng cc cu hnh im
a im trn si quang.
Cung cp cc c tnh k thut lp vt l
- 64 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Lp vt l cho PON, si quang SM n 10Gbps lung xung / 1Gbps

lung ln.
Lp vt l cho PON, si quang SM n 10Gbps lung xung / 10Gbps
lung ln.
Cc tnh cht lp vt l c c BER thp hn hoc bng 10 -12 ti giao
din dch v lp vt l.
h tr cho cc mc tiu c trnh by trn nhm nghin cu 10G EPON
nh ngha 3 lp qu cng sut:
Lp qu cng sut thp h tr cho suy hao thm vo ca knh trong mi
trng P2MP 20dB v d mt PON vi t s chia t nht l 1:16 v
khong cch t nht l 10km.
Lp qu cng sut trung bnh h tr cho suy hao thm vo ca knh trong
mi trng P2MP 24dB v d nh mt PON vi t s chia t nht l
1:16 v khong cch nh nht l 20km hoc mt PON vi t s chia t
nht l 1:32 ti khong cch nh nht l 10km.
Lp qu cng sut cao h tr cho suy hao thm vo ca knh trong mi
trng P2MP 29dB v d mt mt PON vi t s chia t nht l 1:32 v
khong cch nh nht l 20km.
Mi lp qu cng sut c i din bi qu cng sut loi PRX v loi
PR.
Qu cng sut loi PRX m t PHY cho PON hot ng ti 10Gb/s lung
xung v 1Gb/s lung ln trn mt si SMF n. Cc qu cng sut loi
PRX cn c gi l bt i xng.
Qu cng sut loi PR m t PHY cho PON hot ng ti 10Gb/s cho c
lung xung v lung ln trn mt si SMF n. Cc qu cng sut loi
PR cn c gi l i xng
3.4.2.2 Cp pht bc sng
K hoch cp pht bc sng cho cc h thng EPON v 10G EPON c
th hin trong Hnh 3.15
Cp pht bc sng cho lung xung
- 65 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Truyn dn lung xung 1Gb/s s dng di bc sng 1480 1500 nm, truyn
dn lung xung 10Gb/s s dng di bc sng 1574 1600 nm, do y l di
knh ring bit.
Lu : cc lp qu cng sut khc nhau s dng cc tp con khc nhau ca di
bc sng 1574 1600 nm, tc l cc qu cng sut PR10, PR20, PRX10 v PRX20
s dng di 1580 1600nm, cn cc lp qu cng sut PR30 v PRX30 s dng di
1574 1580 nm.
Mt OLT h tr c hai knh lung ln c th ghp u ra ca hai my pht s
dng mt b ghp WDM, trong khi ONU s la chn knh lung xung thch ng
s dng mt b lc quang.
Cp pht bc sng cho lung ln
Truyn dn lung ln 1Gb/s s dng di bc sng 1260 1360 nm, 10Gb/s s
dng di bc sng 1260 1280 nm. Hai di bc sng ny chng ln nhau do
ghp knh WDM khng th s dng phn tch 2 knh d liu.
- 66 -
PR 10, PR 20,PRX 10, PRX 20
1560
1550
Wavelength
(nm)
PR 30, PR X 30
Upstream
1500
1360
1260
PR 10, PR 20, PR 30
1480
PX10, PX20
Downstream
Extended Serveces
Upstream
a)
Extended Serveces
PX10, PX20
n tt nghip i Hc
Downstream
1600
1580
1574
1560
1550
1280
1260
b)
Hnh 3.15 K hoch cp pht bc sng cho (a) EPON v (b) 10G EPON.
Mt OLT h tr c hai knh lung xung phi s dng k thut TDMA trnh
ng gia cc truyn dn c bt u t cc ONU khc nhau dn n truyn dn
tc kp, ch cm s c tho lun trong phn sau.
3.4.2.3 S hot ng tc kp
My thu OLT phi h tr hot ng ch cm. Nu OLT h tr mt knh
lung ln n v d ch tc 1 Gbit/s hoc 10 Gbit/s, my thu c th c thit k
iu khin tc d liu lung ln c ch nh v m ng. Tuy nhin, nu OLT
h tr cho c hai knh lung ln 1 Gbit/s v 10 Gbit/s th my thu OLT phi h tr c
hai tc d liu qua TDMA.
Nhn t gc hnh hc, lp PMD c mt u vo quang n, nhy vi tn hiu
1260-1360 nm, v hai u ra in tng ng: 1.25 GBd v 10.3125 GBd. Do , ti
mt im no trong chng cc lp PMD cn thit phi c mt b chia tn hiu, v tr
ca mt b chia tu vo s la chn khi thc thi. Tn hiu n c th b chia ra trong
min quang v c dn n hai b tch quang c lp nh c ch ra trong Hnh
- 67 -
n tt nghip i Hc
3.16(a). Mt s la chn khc l tn hiu c th c tch nh mt b tch quang n

nh trong Hnh 3.16(b) v sau chia ra trong min in sau khi TIA
T knh PON
ng xung
(1260-1360 nm)
B khuch i
quang
B chia 1:2
B tch sng
10G TIA and
10G LA
10G
PMA
1G PMA
PMD
Nhn i t
l
T knh
PON
ng
xung(126
0-1360 nm)
B tch sng 1G
1G TIA
and LA
Dual rate 10G detector 10G TIA and

10G
LA LA
TIA
a)
10G
10G
PMA
PMA
1G PMA
PMD
1G LA
b)
Hnh 3.16 Cc cu trc PMD vi b chia trong min quang (a) v min in (b)
Khi tn hiu n c chia trong min quang th ngi ta c th thit k mi
knh PMD c trng ph hp vi tc tn hiu, cung cp nhy cn thit cho
cc tn hiu 1 Gbit/s v 10 Gbit/s. Tuy nhin, khi thm b chia quang t l 1:2 nh
c gii thiu trong Hnh 3.16 (a) s lm gim nhy ca PMD do to ra cc suy
hao b sung v lm gim cng sut tn hiu quang. Vic gim nhy nh th c th
chp nhn c trong cc PMD loi PX10/PR10/PRX10, nhng vi nhng qu cng
sut yu cu cao hn gm PX20, PR20, PRX20, PR30 and PRX30 c th s l th
thch ln hoc thm ch khng th thi hnh c vi suy hao b sung nh vy pha
my thu OLT. Vn c bit ny c th c gii quyt bng cch thm vo mt b
khuch i quang li thp vi b chia quang 1:2, nh c gii thiu trong Hnh
3.16(a), c s dng nng mc cng sut ca tn hiu ln vt qua suy hao
do b chia quang 1:2 to ra.
Khi tn hiu n n b chia trong min in, ch cn s dng mt b tch
quang v mt b TIA. V mt l thuyt, c th duy tr nhy quang m khng cn
- 68 -
n tt nghip i Hc
khuch i, iu lm gim s phc tp ca my thu OLT. Tuy nhin b tch sng

quang v TIA phi i ph vi c hai tc d liu nhanh lin tip, chuyn mch gia
cc cm 1 Gbit/s v 10 Gbit/s trong di bo v. Vn y l bng thng b tch
sng -TIA trc tip nh hng n nhy. Nu thng s mch ca b tch sng-TIA
c th c thch ng nhanh chng vi gi tr chnh xc th c th duy tr c
nhy ti u. C ba s la chn b xung v mt ny, nh trong Hnh 3.17(a)-(c):
Thit k ny c nh cc thng s b tch sng ti mt s gi tr xc inh trc,
dn n vic nhy ca my thu OLT gim xung xp x 2 dB. Tuy nhin, cn phi
ch rng c th chia gim ny theo cch l c hai nhy 1 Gb/s v 10 Gb/s u
thp hn mt 1 dB so vi gi tr l tng ca chng. Hnh a
Thit k ny c nh nghing APD, nhng chuyn mch TIA transimpedance
cn tu thuc vo tc bo hiu ch i vi cm n c nh sn. Dn n
nhy my thu gim khong 1 dB. gim ny c th c chia nh ra cho c hai
knh tc d liu bng vic thit lp nghing APD t n mt gi tr tho hip.
Hnh b
Thit k ny chuyn mch c nghing v TIA transimpedance ph thuc vo
tc bo hiu ca cm tn hiu n. iu ny to ra hiu sut l tng cho c hai tc
d liu 1 Gb/s v 10 Gb/s. Tuy nhin, n l thit k phc tp nht v s lng cc
phn t v phc tp iu khin, v tht khng hp l nu li ch vt qu chi ph
cho php. Hnh c.
Trong trng hp ca nhng thit k b tch ng, vic quyt nh tc d
liu ca cm tn hiu n trc khi iu chnh b tch sng ng ph hp vi tc
d liu ch l cn thit.
- 69 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Hnh 3.17 Cc kin trc APD-TIA tc kp: (a) tnh, (b) na ng, (c) hon
ton ng
Ni chung, lp PMD khng c thng tin v d liu s c dng trong cm thng tin ch c mc MAC Client v s cp pht thng tin ti lp PMD l vi
phm gii hn chng cc lp. V th, mt s loi mch pht hin tc d liu phi
c s dng. Mt trong nhng phng php n gin l da trn s o lng thnh
phn nng lng quang ph ca tn hiu nhn c cc tn s trn 1.25 GHz (v d
nh trong di t 2 - 10 GHz). Cc tn hiu 1 Gb/s c rt t nng lng di tn s
ni, trong khi tn hiu 10 Gb/s c nhiu nng lng . Do , s hin din ca nng
lng 5 GHz ch ra rng l tn hiu 10 Gb/s. Cc phng php b sung khc
iu khin tc APD - TIA cng kh thi, d khng c bn n trong n ny.
Trong m hnh PMD tc kp vi b chia trong min in, b tch sng 10
Gb/s v TIA c thc hin nhn c tn hiu 1 Gb/s v 10 Gb/s. V vy, ngng tn
hi (ln nht) ca my thu tc kp 1/10 Gb/s s tun theo c tnh thu 10 Gb/s,
thm tr c khi nhn tn hiu 1Gb/s. Cc gi tr cho 1000BASEPX10D v
1000BASEPX20D trong bng 60 5 v bng 608 [TLTK 15], v cc s liu ca
10/1GBASEPRXD1v 10/1GBASEPRXD2 khng c p dng cho my thu
OLT tc kp.
3.4.3 Lp con iu chnh
3.4.3.1Giao din c lp vi mi trng a tc
- 70 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Trong cc kin trc EPON tha k, GMII l giao din c s dng lm cu

ni gia MAC v PHY, cn trong cc kin trc 10G EPON i xng, XGMII l giao
din c dng lm cu ni gia MAC v PHY. Khi s dng mt kin trc 10G EPON
bt i xng, mt s kt hp ca c hai loi GMII v XGMII l cn thit h tr
pht v thu cc tc khc nhau. Thng qua vic s dng song song c GMII v
XGMII, cc ch sau s c h tr:
Hot ng 10 Gb/s i xng cho cc ng d liu pht v thu, cung cp
tt c cc chc nng ca XGMII.
Hot ng 1 Gb/s i xng cho cc ng d liu pht v thu, cung cp
tt c cc chc nng ca GMII.
Hot ng bt i xng cho cc ng d liu pht v thu ti OLT, cung
cp chc nng pht ca XGMII v chc nng thu ca GMII.
Hot ng bt i xng cho cc ng d liu pht v thu ti ONU, cung
cp chc nng pht ca GMII v chc nng thu ca XGMII.
Cng tn ti cc loi ONU khc nhau bng cch s dng cc ng d
liu khc nhau trong OLT.
Ch i xng
Ch i xng h tr cc ng pht v thu hot ng ti 10Gb/s. Khi hot
ng trong ch i xng, cc ng pht v thu d liu c s dng cho c hai
vic truyn v nhn.
Ch bt i xng
Ch bt i xng h tr cc ng pht v nhn d liu ti cc tc ng
khc nhau. Khi hot ng trong ch bt i xng, mt s kt hp gia XGMII v
GMII c s dng cho truyn v nhn.
Ti OLT, ng pht s dng cc tn hiu XGMII TXD<31:0>, TXC<3:0> v
TX_CLK, trong khi ng nhn s dng cc tn hiu GMII RXD<7:0>, RX_ER,
RX_CLK, v RX_DV. Ti ONU, ng pht s dng cc tn hiu TXD<7:0>,
TX_EN, TX_ER, and GTX_CLK, trong khi ng nhn s dng cc tn hiu XGMII
RXD<31:0>, RXC<3:0> v RX_CLK.
Ch tc kp
h tr s cng tn ti ca 10 Gb/s i xng v 1 Gb/s bt i xng, v cc
ONU 1 Gb/s ang tn ti trn cng mt nn mng, OLT phi c cu hnh thc
- 71 -
n tt nghip i Hc
hin ch tc kp. Ch tc kp h tr pht v thu ti c 2 tc 10 Gb/s v

1 Gb/s thng qua TDMA. Khi hot ng ti ch tc kp mt s kt hp cc
ng d liu XGMII v GMII c s dng cho pht v thu.
3.4.4 WDM trong cc knh truyn
3.4.4.1 Knh lung xung
Lung xung 1 Gbit/s v 10 Gbit/s trong EPONs th h k tip s l lung ghp
knh WDM, do vy s to ra 2 knh lin tc c lp P2MP, tch bit nhau bi mt
khong bng thng ln, cho php n c th hot ng khng b gin on di iu
kin nhit cao trong cc c t k thut cho phn cng. Do vy lin kt lung xung
1 Gbit/s s duy tr bc sng trung tm 1490 nm ti ca s 20 nm (tng ng vi
IEEE 802.3-2005, iu 60), trong khi lin kt lung xung 10 Gbit/s hu nh s c
cp pht ca s 1570 ti 1600 nm, ty thuc vo c kh dng ca cc ngun laser
cho OLT v cc thit k b lc quang v kh nng tng thch vi cc h thng
trin khai trc . Vic cp pht ca s 1560nm cho knh lung xung 10 Gbit/s
ngy nay ang c xem l la chn tt nht, l do chnh l s gii hn trong suy hao
phi tuyn v suy hao tn hiu 10 Gbit/s thp.
3.4.4.2 Knh lung ln
Trong knh lung ln, ghp knh WDM b suy hao ch yu do nhy cao ca
cc b Laser iu ch trc tip (DML: Directly Modulated Lasers) thng dng, gy ra
tn sc mu khi khng s dng ca s truyn dn 1310nm (s b chim dng do cc
thuc tnh ca EPON 1 Gbit/s). V khng th thay i cc c t k thut cho cc h
thng trc y, nn ch c ghp knh ch cm a tc c th tn ti c, nh
minh ha trong hnh 3.18. Vic truyn dn trn c knh lung ln 1 Gbit/s v 10 Gbit/s
s s dng cng ca s truyn dn trong cc h thng trc y bc sng trung tm
l 1310 50 nm, trong khi cc h thng mi s dng bc sng trung tm 1270 10
nm . B thu OLT s thu c mt chc nng mi v d nh trong mt h thng a tc
. N s khng ch m bo iu chnh mc cng sut thch hp thng qua c ch
iu khin li t ng (AGC: Automatic Gain Control), m n cn xc nh tc
d liu u vo v iu chnh b thu bng cch cc i ha nhy thu ca n cho
tng cm ring bit. Kin ngh c ph chun gn y (trong cuc hp thng 7
nm2007) xc nh vic cp pht ca s 1270 10 nm cho knh lung ln 10 Gbit/s,
ch ra rng cc c t trong ITU G.984 l ti u cho vic sn xut hng lot ngun
laser. Tuy nhin, vic pht trin b thu OLT ch a tc l khng n gin v s
i hi cc nghin cu ng k c th a vo s dng bi cc hng sn xut b thu
v cc hng in t.
- 72 -
n tt nghip i Hc

10G-10G
ONU
ng xung
10 Gb/s, 15xx nm
1 Gb/s, 1490 nm
OLT
10G-1G
ONU
ng ln
1 Gb/s,
1310nm
1 Gb/s,
1310nm
1G-1G
ONU
Hnh 3.18 Bc sng trong 1/10 Gbit/s ng xung, 1/10 Gbit/s ng ln

3.5 Kt lun chng 3
Chng ny trnh by chi tit v cc kin trc v cc gii php mng ca
WDM-PON c xut bi cc cng ty vin thng qua nhiu nm. Trong cc
kin trc ny, tn dng chc nng ca thit b to nn mt WDM-PON hp l
hn trong ng truyn hng ln cng nh hng xung. T , chng a ra
cc gii php nhm lm gim chi ph v pha khch hng.
WDM-PON khng nhng c kh nng chia s cp v cung cp lin kt imim o t trung tm chuyn mch ti ngi dng u cui, m cn cung cp c dch
v trong sut v kh nng mm do, m iu ny khng th xut hin trong TDMA
PON c in. Vic a ra cc kin trc WDM-PON trnh c cc yu cu phc tp
v thit b i vi khch hng ONU. iu rt quan trng trong thit b phn x
cho php ONU khng mu, v hin nay l cc thit b RSOA v REAM cho mng din
rng. Khc phc vn ca WDM PON, c mt vi gii php c pht trin trong
lnh vc ca WDM/TDM lai ghp trong mt vi nm gn y. Chng ny cng a
ra gii php ca WDM trong 10G EPON, y l cng ngh ha hn nht: dung lng
truyn dn cao nht, gi thnh thp nht v d dng nng cp t 1Gbps ln 10Gbps.
- 73 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Kt lun
KT LUN
Trong cc gii php mng PON, gii php WDM PON ang trong qu trnh
nghin cu hnh thnh chun, v bc u c p dng th nghim. Nhiu nh
sn xut, cng ty vin thng ln u c nhng hng i ring trong vic pht trin
cng ngh WDM PON. V cc nh pht trin cng ngh ny ang tp trung vo lm
th no c th gim c gi ca WDM PON. V vy, trong phm vi n ny, em ch
trnh by mt ci nhn ton din v cng ngh WDM-PON. n tp trung vo nhiu
kha cnh khc nhau ca thit b cng ngh, kin trc mng, v cc dch v cho WDMPON. iu ng ch l tt c cc kin trc c tnh cnh tranh TDM PON (EPON,
BPON, v G-PON) c th c kt hp bng cch s dng CWDM trn cng mt
PON.
n trnh by c cc vn sau:
Gii thiu c tng quan v mng quang th ng PON. ng thi
trnh by nhng u im v nhc im ca tng cng ngh la
chn s dng cho cc nh khai thc mng.
Tng quan v cc thit b cng ngh c xut, khuyn ngh s
dng trong WDM-PON.
Trnh by cc kin trc ca WDM-PON. Cng nh cc gii php cho
mng PON thy rng WDM-PON l cng ngh ha hn y trin
vng trong tng lai. ng thi cng trnh by s lc v vic s dng
WDM trong 10G EPON.
Trong qu trnh lm n, do thi gian c hn nn em mi ch tm hiu c
ci nhn ban u v thit b, kin trc v gii php ca WDM-PON. Nhng vi d
on kh nng cng ngh ny mang li, em rt mun tm hiu thm. hon thin hn
v ti ny, nu c th, hng tip theo ca em s l nghin cu cc giao thc iu
khin trong WDM-PON
Cng ngh WDM-PON ang cn tng i mi m, vic tm hiu cc vn
trong i hi phi c kin thc su rng v lu di. Do kin thc ang cn hn ch
nn n khng th trnh nhng thiu st. Rt mong c s ch bo, gp ca thy
c gio v cc bn.
- 74 -
n tt nghip i Hc
Ti liu tham kho
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. "Academic.Press.Passive.Optical.Networks.Principles.and.Practice.Oct.2
007", Cedric F.Lam, 2007.
2. An AWG based WDM PON architecture employing WDM/TDMA

transmission for upstream traffic with dynamic bandwidth allocation,
Kyeong-Eun Han, Won-Hyuk Yang.,16/08/2007.
3. Boadband.Optical.Access.Networks.and.Fiber.to.the.Home.Sep.2006",
Chinlon Lin, John Wiley and Sons Sep, 2006
4. Cng ngh truy nhp trong NGN,Nguyn Vit Hng, thng 7, 2007
5. Get ready for WDM PON, Joan Engebretson,9/2007
6.
Next-Generation FTTH Passive, Josep Prat,2008
7. Optical WDM Networks, Springer, University of California, 2006.

8. Optical_Fiber_Telecommunications_III-A Ivanp.Kaminow, 2006.
9. Wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical, Amitabha Banerjee,
Youngil Park, Frederick Clarke, Huan Song... 25, Octorber, 2005.
10.
List of ITU-T standard,www.itu.int ,10/09/2008.
11.
Novera_WP_WaveLock_29, June, 2006; Novera_WP_WDM-
PON
12.
WDM PON: Sooner Rather Than Later?, Graham Finnie, Chief
Analyst, 26/06/2008
- 75 -

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Ketnooi.

com din n cng ngh hng u

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

Ketnooi.com v s nghip gio dc

2.1.1 Khi nim......................................................................................................22

KIN TRC V GII PHP CA WDM-PON...........................47

3.1 S WDN-PON n gin...............................................................................47

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

H thng ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng quang...........................23

Cu hnh im-im truyn n hng..................................................25

Cu hnh mng Ring.................................................................................25

Cu hnh mng Ring cho cc knh c qun l bi trm HUB...........26

Vng lp photo th ng (PPL)...............................................................27

Ph phn chia vi WDM...........................................................................28

Gn bc sng cho CWDM .....................................................................30

nh tuyn nng ng cc bc sng gia cc mng truy nhp........33

Hnh 2.9 Thay i lu lng trong mi trng thnh ph........................................35

Kin trc mng WDM-PON n gin....................................................48

Kin trc ca CPON.................................................................................49

Kin trc ca LARNET............................................................................50

Kin trc ca RITENET...........................................................................51

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

Kin trc AWG a on............................................................................52

Kin trc DWDM super-PON (SPON) dng ONU khng mu.............53

Kin trc SUCCESS-DWA PON .............................................................54

Nguyn l chng ln mng Coarse-WDM...................................................57

Cc loi b sung ca chng ln................................................................58

Hnh 3.10 Cu hnh WDM/TDM lai ghp.................................................................59

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

DANH MC BNG BIU

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

Amplified spontaneous emission

Arrayed Waveguide Grating

B tch quang thc

Broadband light sources

Ngun sng rng

Digital subscriber line

Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

High Definition TeleVision

Truyn hnh phn gii cao

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

Inergrated Service Digital Network

Mng s cc dch v thch hp

Local Area Network

Multipoint control protocol

iu khin truy nhp phng tin

Network Management System

H thng qun l mng

Optical Add Multiplexer

B ghp knh quang

Physical Coding Sublayer

Cht lng dch v

Radio access point

Media access control

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

Diode pht x nh sng bng rng

Superliminescent light emitting

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

Chng I Tng quan v cc cng ngh PON

CHNG I TNG QUAN V CC CNG NGH PON

Hong Trng Ngha-D04VT1

Chng I Tng quan v cc cng ngh PON

Mng WDMA PON, do gi c ca gii php ny t cho nn cha l mt