LAST MINUTES REVISION NOTES

Enzyme

Metabolism
Catabolism
Anabolism
Breaking down
Building up
process:
process:
From larger
From smaller
molecules to
molecules to larger
smaller molecules
molecules
Energy is released
Energy is used
E.g. respiration,
E.g.
hydrolysis
photosynthesis,
condensation
Require enzyme to catalyze the reaction.
Properties of enzyme
Properties
Explanation or proof
Enzymes are biological
Enzyme catalyzes chemical reaction in body by providing an alternative route with lower activation
catalyst
energy.

Enzymes are made of

protein

A protein molecule is polypeptide which coiled and folded into a specific 3D structure. With a specific
3D structure, enzyme can bind to specific substrates to catalyze reactions.
The specific shape will be changes when enzyme is under high temperature or extreme pH. Hence
enzyme is denatured under high temperature and pH. (properties of protein)

Enzymes are specific in

action
Enzyme can be reused
Small quantities is enough

Temperature
1. Very low
temperature

2. Temperature
increases from
low to high

3. Optimum
temperature
4. Above optimum
temperature
5. Much higher than
optimum
temperature
pH
1. High or low pH

2. Extreme pH

Enzymes have specific shape and a specific active site, which can only bind to a particular substrate.
The products leave the enzyme after reaction, shape of enzyme and its active site is not changed,
hence can be reused
As enzyme can be reused, a small amount of enzyme can catalyze a large number of chemical
reaction
(enzyme conc. is usually NOT a limiting factor unless other factors are abundant)

Effect and explanation

Enzyme is inactive
Both enzyme and substrates move slowly,
fewer chance to collide with each other to
form enzyme-substrate complex which
leads to reaction.
Rate of enzymatic activity increase
Both enzyme and substrates move faster in
higher temperature (average kinetic
energy increased), higher chance to collide
with each other to form enzyme-substrate
complex
Rate of enzymatic activity is fastest
After optimum temperature, enzymes start
to denature, cancel the effect of increasing
collision due to temperature
Rate of enzymatic activity decrease
Some (NOT ALL) of the enzyme denature
(shape of active site changed), cannot form
enzyme substrate complex
Rate of enzymatic activity decrease to zero
ALL enzyme are denatured
Effect and explanation
Rate of enzymatic activity decrease
Some of the enzyme denature (shape of
active site changed), cannot form enzyme
substrate complex
Rate of enzymatic activity decrease to zero
ALL enzyme are denatured

3. Optimum pH

Rate of enzymatic activity is fastest

Shape of active site is best fit with the
substrate, it can form enzyme substrate
complex easily.