Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ewe Togo Special Skills
Ewe Togo Special Skills
ED 255 040
AUTHOR
TITLE
INSTITUTION
FL 014 922
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IDENTIFIERS
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Guides - Classroom Use - Guides (For Teachers) (052)
-- Guides - Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner)
(051) -- Multilingual/Bilingual Materials (171)
Ewe; English
ABSTRACT
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
*
************i**********************************************************
boi
.4
DIPANTENINT Of EDUCATION
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER (ERIC)
reproduction quality.
Points of view or opinions stated in this documaht do not necessarily represent official ME
partition or policy.
Peace
EWE
(for Togo)
PEACE CORPS
LANGUAGE HANDBOOK SERIES'
Develcped by The Experiment in International Living
Brattleboro, Vermont
for ACTION/Peace Corps
PEACE CORPS
LANGUAGE HANDBOOK SERIES
Raymond C. Clark
Arthur A. Burrows
Susan B. McBean
A ).1 0%,
/1)
The reproduction of any part of Ahis handbook other than for such
purposes as criticism, comment,- nevis reporting, teaching, scholarship,
research, or other "fair use" is subject to the prior written permission
of ACTION.
1980
tr.
EWE
Writers/Compilers
Consultants
Artist
Pat Moran
Typist
Lisa Cook
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It seems like such a short distance in time , from July 1973 when, I
learned my first words of Mina during Peace Corps Training in Togo, 'to
the present where I am rejoicing in my ability to help other volunteers
to have as rich an experience as I did. I recognize that innumerable
people have contributed to my modest knowledge of the Ewe language
and culture and I am in'd4tacl to them all. I could never name, much
less Thank everyone who has provided me with a. definition here, a word
of encouragement there, over the last seven years.
I am' grateful to the Peace Corps for having made funds available
for these materials, to Peace Corps Togo for having taken the initiative
to request them and the Experiment in International Living for providing such a sound framework within which to administer them. I am
indebted to WilL Leben at Stanford University for recommending me for
this job and for granting me leave to devote my full attentions to the
work. Past directors of Peace Corps Togo, Bob Iglehart and Karl Beck,
were appreciative of my commitment to serve and to learn as long as I
did and were instrumental in insuring I could do so. The present
director, Jody Olsen, and the ever patient, ever-enduring staff
followed a healthy receptiveness to the project with crucial logistical
support, and to them I owe many thanks.
Yao Ete Agbovi has been of immeasurable help to me and, has unbegrudgingly perser red at some of the most tedious and thankless
tasks involved in pro icing these kind of materials Fo-Willie, "Akpe
loo."
and support while I was living and working there, thus insuring that
the wellsprings of inspiration never ran' dry.
can be duly proud of. Pat's illustrations have brought much life to
these texts,. adding not only beauty and depth, but also an
CONTENIrS
IntrrJuction
PART ONE:
General Skills
Lodod6wo
Proverbs
Agbalenonlo
Letter Writing
Bolfofo
Kutefewowo
Sports
Funeral Ceremoni;
Nkekenyuie kple Aziwo
Traditional Holidays and Festivals
10
12
Afakaka
Divination
14
Le S3leme
16
Awudodo
18
At Church
Clothing
AmegbetD fe Tefewo
22
26
MD fe Dzadzrado
30
Body Parts
32
Foods
.
34
36
46
-v-
Glitoto aciewo
48
52
PART TWO:
54
Technical Skills
Takpekpe fe nyaciocio
Going to Meetings and Making Speeches
62
X3tutu
Construction
64
Vudokuku
Digging Wells
68
Koklonyinyi
72
Raising Chickens
F3mizinyinyi
74
Raising Rabbits
Enyinyinyi
76
78
86
90
Raising Cattle
Prenatal Consultatioir
Post-natal Consultations
Lamese Dzix3se Kple Nud3ii3w3
Health Questionnaire
92
102
Etsi fe Bele le
Taking Care of Water
104
106
-vi-
INTROD., 7,TION
dozens of study sessions. Some of these sessions may occur during the
formal language training program as the basis for supplementary lessons
to the Communication and Culture Handbook and the Grammar Handbook. Although we have, not provided explicit instructions on how to
incorporate this material into the formal language program, we feel
confident that students and teachers will pick up many language
learning ideas from the Communication and Culture Handbook and apply
these ideas to the texts and lists in th----vo
We also expect that
this handbook will be extremely useful as a basis for informal,- inservice self-study. The lone volunteer at his site can use this handbook along. with a willing native speaker as the basis for hours of
The book is divided into two main parts: General Skills and Technical
Skills. Most people will probably want to work through most if not all
of the general skills since in one way or another, they will help make
the weeks and months of living among the Ewe people all the more
meaningful, Naturally, the technical skills section has some sections
that will 10 of great interest to some learners and some sections that
are irreleliant. It is up to you the learner to work on those sections
that are of interest to you.
-vii-
Then fold the English page under and study the Ewe page
', carefully, trying to make as much sense of it as you,can. When you
lesson.
have -reached the point where you can do no more with the Ewe alone.
turh back to- the English for help. Then come back to the material on
a later day and see if you can get along without any reference to the
English.
Finally, you will note that in a few places we have left spaces. lines
and openings to encourage you to add your own words. phrases, and
lists. Involve yourself with the text and make it your own. The more
'you invest yourself in the material the more it will become part of you.
Have fun and good luck.
(I
(ill
OF
104,
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get you started. Whenever you hear a new one, add it to the list.
12
General Skills
Proverbs
15.
16.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
-2-
13
4.
Proverbs
.1101111Ma
Lododowo
1.
2.
8.
9.
Etsi
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
-3-
14
General Skills
Letter Writing
'
Lett(
Writing
Agbale6q11
Yao Amedamenya
B.P. 7012
Lome, Togo
Siam lom, 20 lia, 1980
Enye dzidzo ga nam be, mania nawo be, nye kple navinye mimic kpe
edzi be miawa miafe tsa4i4i le ileti, si gbana la fe qkeke 14 lia dzi ayi
cje Kpalime.
Miedi tso gbawo be ava kpe 4e mia quti he mama sia me. Miele clocio
ge4ewo worn le qkeke sia fe dzidzedze nutl. Meka 4e dzi be ado dzidzo
nawo ha.
-5-
16
General Skills
Sports
Coaching
10.
Spectating
1.
good as ours.
Teamwork
4.
5.
6.
-6-
17
Sports
Le lilgikt
B3Ifohadziltp303;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Nukp3kp3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hadowowo
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Z3 yi dzi.
Le amesia.
N3 enUti.
Na kusia gome.
Nam bal esi mete kusi
Ame eve nena domedome.
be
Genefal Skills
Funeral Ceremonies
1.
2.
3.
When someone dies, they prepare him and dress him. A vesper is
held for him and his picture is put up over a well-covered bed.
This bed remains thus until the time of the funeral ceremonies and
is a reminder to the family.
The funeral
When the burial is already done, the funeral is
is begun with the customs of libation.
After that, the wake is held. The wake ceremonies begin with
Christian hymns--Protestant or Catholic. During the wake, sad
5.
6.
After that, one gees to express condolences for the family of the
deceased and money is collected for the expenses of the funeral
ceremonies.
Funeral
Ceremonies
Kunuwaw 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
Le
ricla
yl
Ia wodzina
wuieve.
5.
6.
ga
General Skills
,...
vats
When the new yam comes out, this feast is celebrated, both in the
Ewe regions and in the northern ones.
This :east is the, eating of the new yam for the first time in the
home. Tlie yam is cooked and everyone eats some of it. On this
day drums are played and everyone is joyous because the new yam
has come out.
This feast celebrates the history and origins of the Ewe peoples,
and is held in Notse. During the festival, the Ewes' history and
origins are recounted. How they came to Notse and dispersed
from there.
When one of the branches of the Ewe people arrived at the place
we now call Tsevie, their food was gone but they planted some
beans. The beans grew extremely well. When they wanted to
's stay awhile so the beans
move on, some of the people said:
-10-
21
IftIc Kra
Woc lune aza sia esi te yeye do go, le eueawo fe nutowo me kple
dziehe nutowci.me.
Aza sia nye te yeye fe dudu zi gbit3 le afeme. Woclana te sia eye
amesiame clung.
AgboAboza
Alesi wows haft veil Notse kple alesi wove kaka 4o.
Kpets3ts3z5
Anexa alo GOwo fe azae. Woc lune aza sia le fesiafeime le Anex3Glidzi. Eye wowana kpetsats3 ,k3nuwo le tame. Kpe sia fiana fe Ia
fe dzagbe nyuie kple nukuwo fe wawa nyuie, alo fe la fe
manyomanyo, qd3uuuu kple dalelewo.
Yekeyeke
t.
22
General Skills
most basic terms you will come across and should give you a start.
Fortune/Destiny/Law
7,
It is an
14e-detecting Ordeal
Idol
23
Wo yae be
Eka
Eka enye sedede 4e nusi maclu le wo agbeme o. Alo nusi enye eka
na miafe fame. Le kp4enume, le fomea clewo me wo meclua enyila
o. Ella be enyi enye eko nawo.
Eka enye nusi medz3a dzi na ame o, eye ne eclui Ia attar.' adze do.
Enye anyigbadzi fe
Aka
Aka enye nusi wowana he nya na nyatefe toto le ame eve dome.
Woyoe be akanyinyi.
Legba
Legba enye nusi wows kple anyi eye wo subane, wua la ne.
Ele
Vosasa
24
General Skills
Divination
1.
2.
3.
The lay of the cowrie shells is what shows truth and good fortune.
tr.
Some diviners draw lines in. the sand when consulting an oracle.
)5.
Hot oil is used to bring the truth to light between two people.
6.
7.
8.
However, if you have stolen, you won't be able to drink this oil:
thus the trv.i.h is brought out.
(See if you can discover other such practices in your area, ag:rku, for
example.)
25
-14-
Divination
Afakaka
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
8.
le
General Skills
At Church
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
,church bell
to go to church
to attend church (regularly)
to pray
to stand
to sing
choir
to bless
blessing
10.
11.
12.
13.
Lord, Saviour
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
to take communion
-16-
27
heaven
sacred,. holy
comwArsion,
the sacrement
spirit
holy day
Christians
cr Ls
At Church
Le Saleme
1.
soleme ga
2.
yi 4e solar*
3.
de soleme
4.
do gbe 4a
5.
tsitre
6.
dzi ha
7.
hadziha
8. yra
9.
yayra
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
4e1a, xola
dzifo
kokoe
nu4uclu kokoe
de kpl5 qu
gbogbo
qkekenYuie
Kristotowo
atitsogi
Soleme ga fo.
Meyina 4e soleme.
Medena soleme.
Mia to si le dzifo.
General Skills
Clothing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
underwear
socks; shoes
long boubou
medium boubou (open sides)
boubou-shirt
underpants.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
ear-ring; ring
beads
pants'.
shorts
shirt (long-sleeve,
short-sleeve)
dress
hat
scarf
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Clothing
Awudodo
1.
2.
3.
4:
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
agbacla
dz3mpa
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
ego, avents
sa ava 4e ali
ta av3
bla ta
15.
16.
17.
awulegbe
awutewui
af3wui; afakpa
batakali
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
"14.
15.
-19r
30
dzonu
atawui
atakpui
1.4
gm
crj
eV
to ca
Co)
CO
cr3
wO
I;
CI
-0 - -
C.)
v4
'Cr
wO
in to e11
---
v4
cr)
C.
C1
eta
C.1
00
Cs1
0; ci
iv to
ul
.ro
-21-
General Skills
Body. Parts
1.
cheek
18..
side, rib
2.
arm
19.
hair
3.
shoulder
20.
back
4.
elbow
21.
chin
5.
eyelid
22.
knee
6.
foot
23.
neck
7.
toir,
24.
mouth
8.
buttock
25.
head
9.
chest
26.
ear
44,
10.
shin
27.
belly
11.
waist
28.
fingernail
12.
knuckle
29.
body hair
13.
anus
30.
forehead
14.
hand
31.
eye
15.
palm
32.
face
16.
finger
33.
nose
17.
thigh
34.
penis
35.
vagina
Body
Amegbeto
Tefewo
1.
alogo.
18.
axa
2.
v.bo
19.
Oa
3.
abota
'20.
edzime
4.
abokligo
21.
egla
5.
aciaba
22.
eklo
6.
afo
23.
eko
7.
afoviwo
24.
enu
8.
agonu
25.
eta
9.
akota
26.
eto
10.
akpaligbe
27.
fedo
11.
ali
28.
fetsu
12.
alotinu
29.
13.
anome
30.
ngo
14.
asi
31.
nku
15.
asime
32.
nkume
16.
asiviwo
33., nati
17.
ata
34.
nutsume
35.
ny3nume
3A_
'fu
Parts
General Skills
1.
26.
2.
27.
3.
28.
4.
29.
5.
30.
6.
31.
7.
32.
8.
33.
9.
34.
10.
35.
11.
36.
12.
37.
13.
38.
14.
39.
15.
40.
16.
41.
17.
42.
18.
43.
19.
44.
20.
45.
21.
46.
22.
23.
.......,
47.
48.
24.
49.
25.
50.
35
-24-
-25-
36
General Skills
bP
leprosy
whooping-cough
1.
2.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
to sprain
to scrape
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
measles
stomach-ache
headache
to break
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
to bite someone
blood
to bleed
to bleed profusely
smallpox
abcess, swelling
to have diarrhea
fever
I have a fever.
-26-
37
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
ekpo
dzaye
9.
cioli
bebe
gbaboe
damegui
etaqui
nerve
10.
11.
12.
,euu
13.
14.
15.
16.
sakpate
nutete
sra dome
asra
Asra lem.
-27-
4u ame
38
uu le dodom
uu le yiyim
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
e-15.
16.
17.
vomit
pregnancy
pregnant woman
anemia
blister
to catch the clap
worm
lice
breath, to breathe
Are you vomiting?
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
chill
to be constipated
rash
dizziness
to pass
itch
to defecate
paralysis
sweat
I have a rash.
I'm dizzy.
gas,
1.
nuclecle
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
efu
efun3
tete
1.
2.
Ele nu clem a?
Efu le asiwo a?
Ny3nu fund va makp3 wo.
Amesia le tete da lem.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
lolo
nuI3f3
v3klui
ey3
gb3gb3
avuvo
de atsi
akpa
matra
n3
nuti kuku
nye mi
gbafarN
afifia 1
El3 nu le aficie a?
Vaklui ye le fu dem nawo.
Ey3 le tame na nyanuvi sia.
Ele gbagbam nyuie.
Avuva le w3nyem.
Mede atsi.
Medze akpa.
Nye ma le tar3m.
Nye mele n3 nyem o.
Mele nuti kum.
Egbafa le akpa
Medze afifia.
Afifia le tenyem.
40
-29ci
General Skills
There are very few words in Ewe for naming parts of machines.
G:
Will you be buying the parts for me to change? Or, should I buy
them? Is that okay with you?
M:
DILI
thoroughly?
M:
G:
1000 francs.
M:
G:
Nope.
M:
M3
fe Dzadzra)
Medi be atutu "vis
M:
G:
Aloo, mafle wo a?
Edndzi
nawo a?
"vis platine" a?
M:
Ecia
G:
t, mew3e kenken.
M:
G:
Kotoku
M:
Nlec
G:
Ao de
M:
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42
04,
General Skills
1)
Foods
Grains
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
beans
peanuts
corn
millet (& sorghum)
rice
gourd seeds.
ground peas
Tubers
8.
9.
10.
11.
cassava
yam
sweet-potato
taro
Fruits
plaintain
13. banana
14. orange
12.
15. -avocado
16. pineapple
17. papaya
18. coconut
Greens
19.
20.
21.
spinach
okra
bean-leaves
Pates
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
plain pate
fermented pate
pounded yam
cassava meal
cassava meal "mush!'
Fish
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
salmon
crab
shrimp
tuna
Meats
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
goat
beef
pork
mutton
agouti
chicken
guinea-fowl
turkey-tail
Snacks
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
bean beignet
flour beignet
"fortune cookie" pastry
corn & peanuts
doughnu..
peanut-brittle (nougat)
"pick-up sticks"
(corn or peanut)
porridge ("la bouillie")
rice and beans
fried fish
"corn pone"
Sauces
54.
55.
56.
palm-nut sauce
peanut sauce
okra sauce
Foods
Nut_ictuwo
Kuwo
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A kpawo
ayi
azi
bli
efo
moli (molu)
gust
azigokui
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
manvi
33.
34.
bolu
NLitocluwo
8.
9.
10.
11.
agbeli
ete
agute
mankani
Kutsetsewo
12.
13.
abladzo (amada)
14.
15.
nti
akoclu
peya
16.- atota
17.
18.
acjibi
ne (yevunc)
Amagbe
19.
20.
21.
salomo
agla
fafa
35.
gloola
36..
nyila
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
hale'
&ale'
x315
koklola
tsaxela
adokugbui
Numecienuwo
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
gawu
botokoe
kanklo
abocla
atsomo
luga
9.
ayima
atifufui
0.
dzogbo
ademe
soboe
51.
52.
atokuma
ede
53.
eulo
Detsiwo
Akplewo
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
akpala
deyi
Elawo
gboma
fetri
tsiyi
ewokple
amokple
tutu
gall (gari)
pino
54.
55.
56.
Moots* (veyi)
kalami
abolo
dedetsi
azidetsi
fetridetsi
General Skills
2.
3.
And some men, too, take a good friend along when visiting some
women.
4.
"My friend, I'd like you to come to my place this evening at eight,
so we can chat a bit."
.
6.
8.
9.
10.
11.
3.
Eye nutsuvi ciewo has kplaa wo x315 de asi hafi yia 4e nylnuvi clewo
gb3.
5.
6.
7.
10.
11.
46
-35-
General Skills
History
It is only fitting tha every Ewe child know something about the
I.
2.
3.
origin of 'the Ewe peo es. This will insure that he can speak of
his Ewehood with confid nce.
ti
Where the Ewes aye today, is not where they ware in the olden
days. They once lived in many different places before coming to
settle where they are today some three hundred odd years ago.
The Ewes originated in West Africa and later came to the regions of
the great river Niger along with many other peoples such as the
Dahomeans, Yoruba;, Gens, Adas and Ashantis. They lived in a
placed called Ketu (or Ayo) and still call it the "place of origin"
or "God's place."
History
--2
Xotutu
1:
dedzitae.
2..
Afisi Eueawo le egbe la, menye afimae won3 tso blema ke o. Won,.
tefe vovovowo kpa hafi va di to de afisi wole egbe anye fe alafa
eta kple edziv3woe nye esi va yi.
VUI
Eueawo dz3 tso Afrika fe yedzefe eye tosisi gi Kuara alo Niger
3.
,
History
4.
settled between the Haho and the. Mono and they called their
settlement- N8tsie, which is between Lome and Atakpame. People
called it the "walled city" when they surrounded it with walls, and
A naimI-----iven
to an original home or to a place abandoned by its in-
Ithabitants.
-38-
49
Xc..tutu
5'
Loam
Pood
te.
....
d'''r
I. ,
..
MODERN
N IGERIA .)/
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0'. V
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i.
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1.
1
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IWIietirt *'. 466 4.. Bonin
Ant
and 'Tamps
0.51.
OF
KEY
International (Monetary
SOO
NO
EWE
4.
400
PCms
SOO ON.
50
History
5.
The peoples who lived in Notsie ere the Argo, the Be, the Agou
and the Fon. Because of the guarrels which were occuring
frequently, they broke up. The n went way South and founded
the town of Fla. The Fon people ailed their land Dahomey which
means "in the house of Da."
6.
Many different kings ruled the people of Notsie and each one ruled
the people with great care. Followin these benevolent kings, an
evil person came to sit on the roy stool and his name was
Agokoli. H.: ruled the people with c elty and when the nobles
wouldn't put up with his cruel ways, e had all the elders killed
except the noble Teglee who remained ye only be his eldest son
Kelemu's cleverness. Kelemu hid his father in a cave and built a
Xotutu
5.
Duk) siwo n3 rptsie Iae nye anl3awo, Beawo, Aguawo ;:ple F5awo.
Le dzre si na dzadzam enuenu ta Ia, wogakaka. F5awo dzo to
dziehe nua me uii heva tso fla du. F5awo na nk) wofe anyigba Ia
be Dahome si game nye Dafeme.
6.
Fia vovovowo cju n5tsietowo dzi eye wo dome gesiage qu dukaa dzi
Le fia g3uu siawo megbe Ia, ame v54ia ge va n3
zja dzi amesi fe Ole nye Agakali. Ekpla duly) la kple nutasese
eye esi efe amegiwo mede efe nutasesemawo dzi ne o ta Ia, ena
kple belele g.
wowu ame tsitsiawo kata negbe mega Teglee koe tsi agbe le t.
tsitsita Kelemu fe ayedzedze ta. Kelemu yla fofoa cue doa ge
he
kpa ge afima abe 'tr5xo ene nusi was be amea geke menya o.
Is
History
8.
They
53
-42-
Xotutu
7.
cle
no
nkutsalowo
Dogboawo
kata
va
wo
takpekpe toxe le t3gbi Teg lee g133 eye wode acjanu tso wofe dzodzo
nuti. Ame gecjewo Iti (1e edzi be yewoadzo le n5tsiefia Agok3li fe
kpokplo te, ayi afislafi si Se afia yewo Ia. Amesiwo mel5 cue
dzodzo sia dzi o Ia mede kui eve o, eye mloeba Ia, woawo nut, has
va kpoe be dzodzo anyo se wu esi yewoano fia makp3 nublanui sia
te.
8.
History
9.
This pouring of water on the wall continued for a long time, and
when they saw that the wall was quite soft they made great
preparations. Everyone got his things together in the allotted
10.
11.
Xotutu
9.
Tsi kaki ge glia nu sia yi dzi yeyiyi didia, de, eye esi wokp3 be
glia bobs nyuie Ia, wows dzadzraclo ge cle. Amesiame fo te efe
nuwo kenle yeyiyi gogoa de dzi. Wo4o gbe di .eye esi aza su Ia,
amehawo kate va fo fu le za cie me. Tete mega Teglee tso efe
adekpui cle asi, eye wodoe de dzi zi et3, toe anyigba he nenema
hedo gbe ga. Eyome Togbi Teglee Asa adekpui Ia to gli Ia zi et3
he4e gbe na gekakpuiwo wotu asi gli Ia. Gbloo1 Glikp3 Ia fe
akpa gee ge mu dze anyi. Tete wokpl3 ametsitsia Teglee do goe
gbe le dua me. Wocloe cia see hafi na geviwo kple ny3nuwo dze
eyome; Le yeyiyi siawo kate me Ia, 4ekakpuiwo na uufuf dzi sesie
le dim me be fia la nagadze si nu le wo ntui o. Le la tife esi ame
nu kpe Se Ia, wodzudzo uua fofo eye wo kata woho dzo hegble du
la
10.
chi .
Tagbi Teglee mete rju yi ngo se o, elabe etsi xoxo eye le eyama to
wot3 cie tefea de si woyona be Betedzee. Wotso du gbat3 cie afisia
le uuuu tso n5tsie megbe.
11.
KUDA DZOVE 10
LA NOUVELLE MARCHE
1980
11
Miafe vutifafa dukplola Avafiawodzifia Eyadema xo Moroko kple Nyictufuta dziattictuwo fe amedodowo ha
Miafe gutifafa dukplala audawodzifia
Eyadema xa amedocla hatsotso eta nyitso
fe amedadawo.
Afet3 Ramzi be, ele be dukplala Eyadema fc uiuli hcna ctofekpakpa na Afrika
dukowo fe )ixawo, efe dzimacti tsitsi de
nutome masomasowo gu kple didi vcvie
be Afrika nay' oga Ia nanyc kpadegu na
Afrikavi ctesitute.
't
na na-
ti
57
""=""H`IIMMPIII
14
1L1 dzi.
cs)
Wore kpl3la nyc afet3 RAWL dud3nun3la, si kp3a duka me nuwo kple Islam
k3nyin nyiyawogb3kp31a.
Amesiwo kpc 4e afet3 Ramzi ou woenye, get. Majuubi, duk3tefen3la kple afet3
kpl3la afet3 Wu Xueqian gbb be, esi yewova 4o Lome ko la,yewo kp3e dze sii
enumake be Togo
yewo kple 1313 le
59
KiINA
O0
General Skills
Frog went many times and washed his hands in the pond, but they
always got dirty before he arrived back at Bee's house. The last time
around, Bee had drunk all the honey before Frog got bock from the
pond. Frog went hungry and returned home pitifully.
It wasn't long before Frog invited Bee to come and eat with him.
Frog cooked up good things which smelled wonderful. When Bee
entered Frog's house, she saw Frog with the good food. Yet, when
Bee got near the food, Frog said to her, "My frie..d Bee, you can't eat
with me, because you're singing. Go to the entrance of the house and
leave your singing there."
Bee did so many times, but she couldn't stop singing. And finally
Frog had finished the meal. From that day on, Frog and Bee became
enemies. And neither greets the other any more.
Glito'A) adewo
Etefe medidi hafi Akpokplo has kpe Anyi be waava clu nu kple ye
o.
afeme Ia ekpo Akpokplo le nucju nyuie Ia gbo. Kern esi Anyi gogo
nucluciu Ia, Akpokplo gbla ne be, X5nye Anyi, matenu 4u nu kplim o.
Elabena efe ha dzim. Yi cje afela fe manu eye na de asi wo hadzidzi Ia
4e afima. Anyi wo esia zi gee gake metenu 4e asi ofe hadzidzi Ia o.
In the olden days, Plantain and Banana were good friends. One
day, a great quarrel arose between them. Banana hit Plantain in the
stomach and bent him. Plantain took a big stick, hit Banana on the
head, and shortened him.
Glitoto aclewo
,g111
,r-
General Skills
2.
4.
5.
Hadzidzi ueewo
1.
Ne wobia tanye se
Ne wobia tanye se Ia
Ne wobia tanye se la
Gblo nawo be meyi afe loo.
4.
Vinye, ao vinye
Vinye, ao vinye
Esia enye I315t3 Ia,
General Skills
2.
one!
"May your head uphold your parents and all your family, lv,tay
swarthy arms and all things humanly good come to be yours."
After that, they again anoint the *child with fresh' water, and when
it is crying, another person who sees it lays loudly that, he has
found a child. The mother immediately comes and says it lis hers,
she will, take it. The person who found the child sets a price with
her of a p.esewa or a shilling before agreeing to give the child up
to 'its mother. When the child's mother has thus taken the.child,
then the father gives everyone drink and everyone wishes good
luck to the child by giving different sorts of gifts.
I
Circumcision
When someone bears a boy-child and he is _at least eight days old, they
circumcise him. This means that they take a knife and remdve, the
flesh that is on the end of his penis. However, these I days,
circumcision may be done in the hospital as well as at home.
Ear-Piercing
.t)
754-
67
Mia togbiwo
atsa
vidzie
ma
Ia, ekema
asime loo
go va zu
-IA
2.
3.
Wo a
ma'
he
dziwotawo
kple
fonliea
kata".
Abaka
drika,
anyi de x3x3nua hehlea tsi fafe via. ge e enu, eye ne ele avi fam
Ia, ame bubu Si kpaela, dona gblana b yef3 evi. Enumake dada
dadaa'
vaa gblona be ye vie, yeax3e. Ames' fa devia Ia doa asi ne
kavege loo aloo silin hafi lona ctea asi le devia nu na dadaa. Ne
vidadaa X3 devia alea VD Ia, ekema vita naa aha ameawo kata eye
amesiame dia dzagbenyuie na devia to nunana vovovowo me.
Auatsotso
Ne amea ge dzi nutsuvi eye WOXa tso nkeke enyi dzi heyi ko Ia, wotsoa
Esia gamee nye woatso he gage age ayi si le devia fe auanu nu
Ia cia.
V3a, le fiafa the Ia, woatenu atso aua na devia le kadzi abe
aua ne.
afeme ha ene.
-55-
.f
68
Among the Ewe peoples there are many different ways of asking
for a woman's haad. For example: The girl's' parents themselves
promise her to a man or boy they see as being serious, wellbehaved and inclined to raise a family. In this case, if a man
accepts the woman promised to him in marraige, then he helps out
the girl's parents in small ways.
2.
3.
For this reason, some parents prefer to have their sons thgmselves
find suitable women, ask their permission and hear good things
about them before they (the parents) ask for their hand. Before
they ask for a woman's hand, the man's mother, uncle, or other
respected family member sets up a meeting with the woman's
mother
When the day arrives, then. the requestors get up early
to go ask for the woman's hand from her mother or those family
.
4.
When the woman's mother and relatives finish hearing the words of
request, they say they have heard them, will think about them
and will give an answer later. When the requestors have gone
home, the mother calls her child and asks whether she will agree
to marry the man who is asking for h hand. If the woman
the proposal, then after two or( three days, when the
requestors come back, the mother tells theme that she has sought
the permission of her daughter who agrees to marry their son;
accepts
Marriage
1.
Among the Ewe, when a man is going to take a wife, he buys one
or two goats. He has these goats slaughtered and "red pate"
prepared for the woman's parents; and they too distribute good
things to set among the neighbors
After that, the man--the
bridegroom - -also slaughters a chicken, divides it into two parts,
.
When night
mot her- in-1,,w
3.
-56-
69
Nyonu Tabiabia
1.
2.
3.
la, nutsuvia dada, nyruia alo fomet3a 4c si dze bubu Ia yina cloa
nyaza ny3nuvia dada. Ne nkekea 4o dzi Ia, ekema nyanutabiala
siawo f3a tonli clabiaa ny)nuvi la ta le vin3a kple efomet3 siwo wodi
da 4i Ia gb).
4.
Le uedome ne nutsu le ny3nu kpl3 ge la, eflea gb3 Oka alo eve.
Ena'na wowua gba siawo eye woclaa dzenkple clona 4e nyonuvia
dzilawo eye woawo ha ma nucluclua vivivi na koma metowo. Esia
megbe Ia, nutsu, nyonu4ela la gawua koklo cleka eye womaa eme 4e
wole la ha.
2.
3.
Ne
40 Ia,
General Skills
As you begin to use your Ewe, you will find that you need many
eV.
Worksheets
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Technical Skills
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Beginning a Speech:
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Closing:
14.
Let me say that our meeting ends here. I thank you all for your
cooperation. Go in peac...... (May you reach home safely.)
74
-62-
Takpekpenyaqoga
Gbeclowowo & Kpakplayideme:
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
8.
Ne babia
Gbefaieqe fe Gpmedzedze:
9.
10.
11.
Le Fia GbD:
12.
13.
Se necto fia gin be ets3 Ia madze danye wawa game kple duk3wo.
Nuwuwu:
14.
Technical Skills
Construction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
to draw/bring water
to bring sand and gravel
to load cement
to unload cement
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Construction
X atutu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
ku tsi
ku ke kple kpeku
to agbax3 vie
cle agbaxa me
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
wo4um fefle
14.
15.
16.
do game4okpewo
konu/gbedodocla
do simiti
cle simiti
gavi fefle
ati fefle
Na nyanuwo
ku tsi nami.
di gagblalawo
xatutu4ociotata
x3 dzidzewo c
blu simiti
Construction
1.
2.
--$,
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
4.
5.
6.
7.
X)tutu
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
anyigba ne sl
to anyigba
tso atiwo/15 atiwo
4.
5.
6.
7.
Ekp3t3 zingi.
Ga le, miatenu awo plasta eye alas' akalo ha.
-67-
79
da akpale
gba xo
W3
prasta
si akaib
Technical Skills
Digging Wells
1.
well
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
water level
divining water
rope
shovel
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
hoe
bucket
ladder
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
dig
dirt removal
descend
deep
depth
hole
wide
widen
Digging Wells
Vudokuku
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
vudo
tsi xage
tsi didi
eka
sofi
agblenu
t3kpo
atrakpui
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
"5.
16.
ku
ke gege
gig'
yi to
to yiyi
edo
keke
akeke
Digging Wells
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
to deepen
rock
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Go deeper
A rock has blocked our path.
to be full of water
sa
to do masonry
leak
to leak
muddy water
salty water
Vodokuku
1.
neyi to
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
ekpe
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
10.
11.
kperpn)
da cju mumu
tsi fe vava
tsi k3koe
Ne goglo wu.
Ekpea de xe m nami
Miatenu arpe a?
Amekae nya
mumu riuti?
Tsi dzina eye wo gavana.
Amekae coo kpe a?
Al ika gagoa cle?
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
ele sisim
tsi 1,V3 baba
dze tsi
Technical kills
Raisins Chickens
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
3.
hen
cock
mating
henhouse
watering-trough
manger
grains
medicines
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
the plague
to lay eggs
to sit on eggs
to hatch eggs
chicks
feather
comb
veterinary
1.
2.
3.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Raising Chickens
Koklonyinyi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
koklona
koklotsu
atsudodo
koklokpa
tsinofe
nu4ufe
nukuwo
atikewo
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Esiawo fo vi.
Kokloviawo fe lime mele nyuie o.
Wole mi nyem.
adza
azi4343
azid3c13
vifofo
kokloviwo
efu
atatsu
liwo fe d3y3la
Technical Skills
Raising Rabbits
I.
rabbit
2.
'rabbit (female)
5.
6.
7.
8.
3.
4.
baby rabbit
I.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
cage
manger
watering-trough
fur
to skin
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Technical Skills
Raising Cattle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.,
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
y t3
ow
calf
dairy cow
beef (meat)
hump
horn
tail
tse-tse fly
This bull is healthy.
Has this cow ever calved?
We're not looking for dairy cattle.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16:17.
18.
anemia
vaccination
abcess
worms
vermifuge
sprain
fracture
to plaster
castrate
Raising
Enyinyinyi
1.
2.
3.
4.
enyitsu
5.
6.
enyil a
ekpo
ezoti
asike
tsetsemu
7.
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
10.
enyinoe
anyivi
nyinasj nala
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
-77-
89
tete
abui dodo
nutete
voklui
v3kluitike
431i
nerve
de akalo
te
Cattle
Technical Skills
Animal Traction
A.
Why should you have oxen do the field wcrk (work in the fields)?
1.
2.
So that less time will be needed. With two oxen, you will work an
acre in only four days. However, with a hoe, it will take much
longer.
3.
4.
So that the oxen manure will nourish the soil and the crops grow
better.
5.
women.
6.
So that you can get water from far away for the home and garden.
7.
So that you can make a profit on the sale of the oxen. Because
they have good meat on them after three or four years' worth of
work.
Animal
Traction
s,...
1r
I
0,
I
I
1k
I'
1
I
aMier WV NO
01
I
I
I
e 4( %
A.
1.
2.
Ne yeyiyiwo fe ame dzi dede. Kple nyi eve Ia, awl cb.aglti cieka
nkeke ene ko. V3a, kple agblenu Ia awl yeyiyi s3gb3 wu.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
to d3 nyuie 14/3w
ache me; to agblewo fe kekeme cle dzi.
-79-
91
le yeyiyi nyuie
Animal Traction
B.
1.
Choosing Oxen
2.
5.
Get oxen that are three years old: that have four teeth. At the
time they have four teeth, they are strong enough to be able to
work. They're good for a ramber of years.
C.
they have no
strength,, they're not full grown yet, their bones aren't strong.
A young steer that is working doesn't grow.
Oxen that are well-formed: their bones and muscles are full
grown, their feet are good and strong.
8.
9.
The way oxen walk will show they can wycl., well
10.
The horns should be strong. One can't tie a yoke on oxen whose
horns are broken or bad.
11.
B.
Enyiwo tiatla.
1.
2.
3.
Migats3 enyi siwo tsi akpa o. Enyi tsitsiwo fe hehe senu; le hehe
megbe Ia, wowana d, be fe kpui me ko.
4.
5.
C.
6.
7.
Miatia:
9.
10.
Zotiwo na kw) Huse" nyuie. Wo matenu able kakuti cue enyi siwo
fe zotiwo ne alo womenyo nyuie o Ia nutl o.
11.
-81-
93
Training Oxen
If oxen are well trained a 'single man can use them and they will
work well too.
2.
When, oxen are in training, or -Mien they're not yet trained, three
mero '%ould guide them
3.
s.. :awn
lit.)diyv;
i,
plow.
E.
How door;
4.
5.
6.
8.
train oxen?
Thus, after that, you can teach your oxen to carry a yoke.
If the oxen don't work for, say six monthS, they lose their good
habits.
9.
During the dry season when field work is done, you can have
This will insure that they don't lose their good habits.
-82-
94
D.
1.
Ne enyiWo xa hehe
cie
3.
Nutsu cleka an
agbledeml Ia.
E.
ngo;
4.
5.
Ne nutsu le nuta sem le enyiwo nuts alo ele wo fom Ia, enyiwo
woan3 vw5m, eye woawl anyra ha.
6.
7.
8.
Ne enyiwo mele agbledem3 nuti abe yleti ade o Ia, woabu wofe
naname nyuiewo.
9.
10.
-83-
95
Animal Traction
F.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
another.
F.
Enyiwo
1.
2.
3.
4.
Le d3w3na si atenu ate deli enyiwo nuti, abe agblen3nI3 ene me Ia,
enyiwo maw, d3 sia awu gafofo at5 le gbedeka o.
5.
Ne enyiwo n3a anyi mbm Ia, mianya ne de fe lame gble Ia, miadoll
kple bubu kaba.
t>
Technical Skills
Prenatal Consultations
1.
2.
.3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
to menstruate
pregnancy/foetus
to be pregnant
giving birth
mid-wife
6.
7.
8.
9.
text/exaniination
to grow
10.
weighing/weight
Prenatal Consultations
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.,
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
dodokp)
tsi
ho
da fu
fU dada
Efu ye le asiwo a?
Miatenu awl dodokp3 nawo.
Nava k5dzi zicleka le yleti me.
Ny,nu vixela afo nu nami tso miafe lamesa kple cievia nuti.
(7
-87-
Prenatal Consultations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
anemia
malaria
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
to abort
abortion
womb/uterus
f,
-88-
100
a good diet
vegetable
fruits
meat
eggs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
tete
atiketsi
6.
7.
nuciticiu nyuie
cue fu
8.
ati kutsetsewo
9.
eta
10.
azi
fu
nyonume
-89-
101
ama
Technical Skills
Post-Natal Consultations
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
childbirth
5.
6.
7.
8.
treast-feeding
orridge
sterilisation of a bottle
diarrhea
stools
vaccination
shots
11
-90-
102
6.1
Post-Natal
Consultations
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
vidzidzi
en3 nana clevi
5.
6.
7.
8.
zagba
"biberon" claqa
minyenye
miwo
abata sisi
abui dodo-
-91-
103
Technical Skills
B.
C.
of
2.
3.
4.
Health Maintenance
1.
2.
3.
2.
Lames
A.
asix3x3
nanome?
B.
2.
3.
4.
2.
Dzix3se kae le- amewo si tso ame nutila fe akpawo kple nutili
fe n3n3me kpakple wofe d3wpw3 nu?
C.
clee
2.
awucloclo?
acjuwo?
af3kpadodo?
D.
Disease
1.
2.
3.
prevented?
4.
how?
What
can this be
Nutrition.
1.
2.
How
Does
3.
How
4.
5.
6.
l'
it vary
D.
Dale le
1.
Nuka woe nye dzixase' blibo tso nya siawo nu: dolelemanuwo,
maxexe, sidzedze kple dayoya? Nukae amewo nya tso dolele
nuti?
E.
2.
3.
4.
Nuduly.
1.
Nududu kawoe le afisia? Dee wodona loo alo flena woa? Dee
woflena nu siwo xa asi vaa womehia oa?
2.
4.
Amekawoe dua
alo xea ma na
dalele a?
a
5.
6.
-95-
107
F.
2.
3.
4.
G.
1:4
%-L.,
2.
3.
4.
if
F.
2.
na yeyiyi kawo?
le n3n3me ka
me?
3.
aleke
G.
Aleke
Nucluclu
le wosi?
Ne notsi
le
Aleke vidada nana no? Nuka, woe kpena c e notsia nu? Aleke
4ox3a no le devi si? Nukae amewo susuna tso nox3x3 le clevisi
nu?
Nucluclu ka?
H.
I.
Problems of Nutrition
1.
2.
3.
4.
the cause?
Environmental Sanitation
1.
Water
ti
2.
Waste Disposal
c)-
attitudes
concerning
fecal
i.
What
ii.
health problem?
-98-
110
H.
I.
Nuquiguloaca fe kuxewo
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nukatae?
yekayie?
Tsi
a -,
Aciukpodzi nuwo
a-
Aleke wowana
do?
b-
G3mesese
c-
d-
kae
bemalemale nu?
le
tso
d3lelewo
baba
le
fe
afadziwo
t;
t-
-99-
111
J.
Health Systems
1.
Traditional
i.
Western
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Family decision-making
77.
1.
2.
diagnosis, or
Le de lonuwo me
a-
Afemdayala
bc-
kawoe
dzesi
wowana?
d2.
Le yevu me
a-
b-
Susu
c-
ti
Nukata?
dK.
Amekawoe mexana se o?
Fomewo j dzodzro
d314/3W3 nu?
1.
2.
3.
4.
-101-
113
Kpekpedenu
Technical Skills
School Gardening
1.
2.
3.
4.
You can plant different kinds of crops in your gardens: vegetables, beans, corn or cassava.
5.
When the crops grow and you notice that there are a lot in one
place (that they're thick), you can thin them out. This allows the
remaining ones to do better.
6.
Water is of the first order. If the plants don't get enough water,
7.
School
Suku
ab3wo W114/3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Etsi enye nu gbat3. Ne etsi mele nukuawo gb3 dem nyuie o Ia,
wo matenu aw3 d3 nyuie o.
7.
Gardening
Technical Skills
2.
When the water in a reservoir (dam) dries up, don't drink it.
Boil water before drinking it because diseases are in stagnant
3.
4.
Boiled water or water that has been filtered ,is really' goo& for
water.
babies.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.\ It
1.
2.
Micla tsi hafi ano, elabena clolele le tsi sasra si va tate cle tefe
cleka me.
3.
4.
Tsi dada alo tsi si wozr5 kple tsizr5nu_la nye tsi nyuie cle veviets
na vifEwo.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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