BIOL 3420: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE

Cerebellum
KEY TERMS
Vermis
Cerebella
hemisphere
KEY TERMS
Folia TERMS
KEY
Thalamus
Arbor vitae
Hypothalamus
Deep
nuclei bodies
Epithalamus
Mammillary
Granule cellsnuclei
Hypothalamic
Mammillary
Purkinje cells
thermostat
Cerebellar
peduncles
Osmoreceptors

KEY TERMS
Homeostatic
KEY
TERMS
regulation
of nearly
KEY TERMS
all
organs
of
the
KEY TERMS
body

Anatomy of the
cerebellum

There are 23
nuclei in the
thalamus
Anterior group
Medial group
Ventral group
Lateral group
Posterior group

Connectivity to
other regions of
the body

Physiology of
the cerebellum

The diencephalon
The
Hypothalamus
3 structures arise from the embryonic diencephalon (thalamus,

The
hypothalamus
the floor and part of the walls of the 3rd ventricle
hypothalamus,
andforms
epithalamus)
- It extends anteriorly to the optic chiasm, where the optic nerves
meetEXAM
and posteriorly
a pair of humps called the mammillary
BIOL 3420:
1 STUDYto
GUIDE
bodies
BIOL 3420: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Cerebellum
- 3420:
Each EXAM
mammillary
bodyGUIDE
contains 3 or 4 mammillary nuclei
BIOL
1 STUDY
Cerebellum

Mammillary
nuclei
relay
signals from limbic system to the thalamus
BIOL 3420: EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Cerebellum

Cerebellum
secretion
Hormone
- Secretion of hormones that control the anterior pituitary gland,
regulating growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses
- Labor contraction, lactation, and water conservation
Autonomic effects
Major control center of the doctrine and autonomic nervous system
The- thalamus
It is -located
in the
forebrain,
superior
to the
brainstem,
inferior
the corpus
Sends
descending
fibers
to lower
brainstem
nuclei
that to
influence
The
cerebellum
is the
largest
of thegastrointestinal
hindbrain and second
part of the
callosum
heart rate,
blood
pressure,
section,largest
motility,
brain
a whole
diameter
- aspupillary
The
two thalami
form about 4/5 of the diencephalon
- 10%
mass of the brain
Protrude into the lateral ventricle and into the 3rd ventricle
Thermoregulation
- Contains
more replay
than half
of all
brain neurons
billion)
is a synaptic
point
forthe
majority
of signals(100
passing
from lower
- It
The hypothalamic thermostat consists of a collection of neurons,
levels of the CNS to the cerebrum
concentrated
especially in the preoptic nucleus that monitor body
Granule
cellstiny
The thalamus
is theneurons
gateway to the cerebral cortex
Purkinjetemperature
cells
-- All
input to the cerebrum passes by the way of synapses in the
sends
signals either to the heat-loss center or heat-promoting
It
large
neurons
thalamic
nuclei, including signals for taste, small, hearing,
center to maintain thermal homeostasis
equilibrium,
arranged in avision,
singlegeneral
file withsenses
thick dendritic
planespain,
parallel
to each
such as touch,
pressure,
heat,
and cold
other
Food and water intake
-- The
thalamus nuclei process this information and relay a small
sensationsbridge
of hunger
satiety
Vermis
isRegulates
a narrow
that and
connects
the right and left
portion
of itwormlike
to the cerebral cortex
-- Arcuate
nucleus (increase hunger and energy expenditure)
cerebellar
hemisphere
The thalamus also serves in motor control by relaying signals from
Folia- areAntidiuretic
narrow, transverse,
parallel
foldswater
separated
by shallow
hormone,
conserves
by reducing
urinesulci
output
the cerebellum
to the cerebrum
and providing
feedback
loops
Each hemisphere has 4 masses of gray matter called deep nuclei embedded
between the cerebral
cortex and the
basal that
nuclei
(deep the
cerebral
Osmoreceptors
are
hypothalamic
neurons
monitor
in the white matter
motor
centers)
osmolality
of the blood and stimulate water seeking and drinking
- Input
to the
cerebellum
to the cortex
behavior
when
bodygoes
is dehydrated
It is involved
in the
memory
and
emotional functions off the limbic
Output
system to the cerebellum goes to the deep nuclei
Sleep and circadian rhythms: suprachiasmatic nucleus
The cerebellum
connected to the brainstem by 3 pairs of stalks celled
Thalamic
nuclei is
groups
Memory:
mammillary
nuclei lie in the pathway of signals traveling from the
cerebellar
peduncles
1.
Anterior
grouppart of the limbic system; memory & emotions
hippocampus
to
the
thalamus
1.
peduncles: connects
cerebellum
to thecortex;
medulla
oblongata
2. Inferior
Medial groupemotional
output
to prefrontal
awareness
of
2.
Middle
peduncles:
connect
cerebellum
to
the
pons
emotions
Emotional behavior and sexual
Superior
peduncles:fear,
connects
cerebellum
to the midbrain
Ventral
groupsomesthetic
output
to somatosensory
cortex;
signals
-3. Anger,
aggression,
pleasure,
and
contentment,
sex
drive,
from cerebellum
& basal nuclei to motor areas of cortex
copulation,
orgasm
Spinal
enters
the cerebellum by
the way
of inferior peduncles
4. input
Lateral
groupsomesthetic
output
to association
area of cortex;
Spinal input
from
the
rest
of
the
brain
enters
via
the middle peduncles
emotional function of limbic system
Cerebella output travels via the superior peduncles
5. Posterior grouprelay of visual signals to occipital lobe and auditory
signals
temporal
lobe
Functions
of to
the
Cerebellum

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Motor coordination
Tactile activity
Spatial perceptions
Timekeeperjudging the elapsed time between two stimuli
Helps predict how much the eyes must move in order to compensate
for head movement and remain fixed on an object
Helps to judge differences in pitch between 2 tones
Distinguishing between similar sounding words
Planning and scheduling tasks; impulse control

Children with ADHD have abnormally small cerebellums