CHAPTER 2

Nonlinear Equations

Intermediate Value Theorem

Bisection method
Newton Raphson method

Difference between linear and

nonlinear equation

Intermediate Value Theorem

continuous ... no gaps or jumps in it.

Notice that:
w is between f(a) and f(b), which leads to...
c must be between a and b

Example 1

f (a) f (b)< 0 the root is in a range of interval [a ,b], so

there is at least a root in the interval [0.3,1] by using
intermediate value theorem

Example 2:
Given y (x) = x5 - 2x3 - 2. Show that there is a root in
the interval between x=0 and x=2 using
Intermediate Value Theorem.

Sol:
When x=0, y = -2, x=2, y= 14

Exercise 1;
Given equation 3x3 + 5x - 11 = 0. Which one exist a
root in the following interval by using Intermediate
Value Theorem?

Given equation x5 3x3 + 7x2 3 = 0. Which one do

not exist a root in the following interval by using
Intermediate Value Theorem?

Look at page 13, Example 2.2 and Example

2.3, solve it.
Exercise 2:
Page 14, No 2 (a)

Bisection Method
The Bisection Method is a numerical
method for estimating the roots of a
polynomial f(x). It is one of the simplest and
most reliable. Assume that f(x) is
continuous.

i
0
1
2

ci= ai bi
2 (-ve)(+ve) = -ve

f(x)= sin 2x+x3-3 ,

ai

ci

1.5
1

1.25

1.25

bi
2
1.5

f(ai)

f(ci)

f(bi)

-1.091

0.516

4.243

-1.091

-0.448

0.516

1.5

(-ve)(-ve) = +ve

f (ai ) f (ci ) 0

Do it till f(ci)<0.005 , ci=1.379

f (ai ) f (ci ) 0

Exercise;

Page 22, No: 1, 3,4

NewtonRaphson Method

Newton's method, also called the

Newton-Raphson method, is a rootfinding algorithm that uses the first few
terms of the Taylor series of a function in
the vicinity of a suspected root.

Exercise

Page 30, No 1,2