6.

0 RESULT
Mass

Load

Force

Experimental Shear

Theoretical Shear Force

*(g)

(N)

(N)

Force (N)

(N)

0
100
200
300
400
500

0
0.981
1.962
2.943
3.924
4.905

0
0.30
1.00
1.60
2.00
2.40

0
0.30
1.00
1.60
2.00
2.40

0
0.401
0.803
1.204
1.605
2.007

* Use any mass between 200g to 500g

Table 1

No

2
3
4

Mass1

Mass2

W1

W2

Force

(g)

(g)

(N)

(N)

(N)

100
150
200

0
200
250

0.981
1.472
1.962

0
1.962
2.453

- 0.03
1.80
0.70
Table 2

7.0 DATA ANALYSIS

For Table 1 (Part 1)
From Figure 1;

Theoretical

Experimental

Shear Force

RA (N)

RB (N)

(N)

- 0.03
1.80
0.70

Shear Force
(Nm)

1.293
1.539
1.205

- 0.312
1.895
3.210

- 0.137
1.895
0.758

W
a

RA

cut

RB

For ; Mass, g = 100

Load, N = 100 x 9.81 / 1000 = 0.981 N
Force, N = 0.30 N
Experimental Shear Force, N
(Shear Force at a cut, N)

= Displayed Force
= 0.30 N

Theoretical Shear Force, N, Sc

= W (L a) / L

= 0.981 x (0.44 0.26) / 0.44

= 0.401 N

For ; Mass, g = 200

Load, N = 200 x 9.81 / 1000 = 1.962 N
Force, N = 1.00 N
Experimental Shear Force, N
(Shear Force at a cut, N)

= Displayed Force
= 1.00 N

Theoretical Shear Force, N, Sc

= W (L a) / L

= 1.962 x (0.44 0.26) / 0.44

= 0.803 N

For ; Mass, g = 300

Load, N = 300 x 9.81 / 1000 = 2.943 N
Force, N = 1.60 N

Experimental Shear Force, N

(Shear Force at a cut, N)

= Displayed Force
= 1.60 N

Theoretical Shear Force, N, Sc

= W (L a) / L

= 2.943 x (0.44 0.26) / 0.44

= 1.204 N
For ; Mass, g = 400
Load, N = 400 x 9.81 / 1000 = 3.924 N
Force, N = 2.00 N
Experimental Shear Force, N
(Shear Force at a cut, N)

= Displayed Force
= 2.00 N

Theoretical Shear Force, N, Sc

= W (L a) / L

= 3.924 x (0.44 0.26) / 0.44

= 1.605 N

For ; Mass, g = 500

Load, N = 500 x 9.81 / 1000 = 4.905 N
Force, N = 2.40 N
Experimental Shear Force, N
(Shear Force at a cut, N)

= Displayed Force
= 2.40 N

Theoretical Shear Force, N, Sc

= W (L a) / L

= 4.905 x (0.44 0.26) / 0.44

= 2.007 N

For Table 2 (Part 2)

From Figure 2;

140mm

RA

cut

RB

W1 = 100g (0.981N)
Force, N = - 0.03 N
Experimental Shear Force, N
(Shear Force at a cut, N)

= Displayed Force
= - 0.03 N

M = 0, Fx = 0, Fy = 0
MB = 0 ;

-0.981 (0.58) + RA (0.44) = 0

RA = 0.569 / 0.44
RA = 1.293 N

Fx = 0, Fy = 0

; RB + 1.293 0.981 = 0
RB = 0.981 1.293
RB = -0.312 N

Theoretical Shear Force, N

= - Wa / L
= - (0.981) x (0.14)
= - 0.137 N

From Figure 3 ;

RA

220mm

W1

W2

cut

RB

260mm

Force, N = 1.80 N
Experimental Shear Force, N
(Shear Force at a cut, N)

= Displayed Force
= 1.80 N

M = 0, Fx = 0, Fy = 0
MA = 0 ;

RB (0.44) 1.962(0.26) 1.472(0.22) = 0

RB = 0.834 / 0.44
RB = 1.895 N

Fx = 0, Fy = 0

; RA 1.472 1.962 + 1.895 = 0

RA = 1.472 + 1.962 1.895
RA = 1.539 N

Theoretical Shear Force, N (

W1 a
W a
) ( 2 )
L
L

1.472 x0.22
1.962 x 0.26
) (
)
0.44
0.44

= 0.736 + 1.159
= 1.895 N

From Figure 4 ;

RA 240mm

W1

cut W2

RB

400mm

Force, N = 0.70 N
Experimental Shear Force, N
(Shear Force at a cut, N)

= Displayed Force
= 0.70 N

M = 0, Fx = 0, Fy = 0
MB = 0 ;

-1.962 (0.22) 2.453(0.04) + RA (0.44) = 0

RA = 0.53 / 0.44
RA = 1.205 N

Fx = 0, Fy = 0

; RB + 1.205 1.962 2.453 = 0

RB = 1.962 + 2.453 1.205
RB = 3.210 N

Theoretical Shear Force, N (

W2 L a
Wa
) ( 1 )
L
L
2.453 0.44 0.4
1.962 x0.22
) (
)
0.44
0.44

= - 0.223 (-0.981)
= 0.758 N

8.0 DISCUSSION
Part 1
1) Derive equation 1
From Figure 1;

W
a

cut

RA

RB

Let ; MB = 0
( RA x L ) W ( L a ) = 0
RA = W ( L a )
L
Since the force at the cut is equal to the algebraic sum of the force acting to the left or
right of the cut;
Therefore,
SC = RA
Sc = W ( L a )
L
Let ; MA = 0
( -RB x L ) ( W x a ) = 0
RB = ( - W x a )
L
Therefore ;

SC = ( - W x a )
L

Where,

W = Load
a = Cut section from RA
L = Length from RA to RB

This equation is used to determine the value of Shear Force by theory. W is a load place
upon the cut section with the length of a. L is total length from RA to RB.

2) Plot a graph, which compare your experimental result to those you

calculated using theory.
Please see graph 1, as attached.

3) Comment on the shape of the graph. What does it tell you about how
Shear Force varies due to an increased load?
From the Shear Force versus Load graph we plotted in this experiment, a linear
graph was obtained for both Experimental Shear Force and Theoretical Shear
Force values. Both graphs are linear and go through the origin (0,0) which tell us
that, Shear Force does not exist when no load was applied on the beam. From
the
graph, we can notice that, when the load applied on the beam was increase, the
Shear Force will also increase. This indicate that, Shear Force is linearly
proportional (positive) to the load apply on the beam :
Shear Force Load
4) Does the equation you used accurately predict the behavior of the beam?
Yes, the equation, Sc

= W(L a) / L that we used in this experiment for

Theoretical Shear Force calculation accurately predict the behavior of the beam. This
is because, from the Graph 1 plotted, we can notice that, when the load we placed at
the beam was increased, the value of Shear Force also increased. This indicate that,
Shear Force is linearly proportional (positive) to the load apply on the beam.

Part 2
1) Comment on how the results of the experiments compare with those
calculated using the theory?

From the experiments done by our group, we found that, there is only a small
difference between the values of Experimental Shear Force and the Theoretical
Shear Force. For figure 2 and figure 3, the value of the Experimental Shear
Force is almost the same compare to the Theoretical Shear Force. While for the
figure 4, the value of the Theoretical Shear Force is higher than the value of the
Experimental Bending Moment. Referring to this results, we conclude that the
differences between the value of the experiment and theory was probably cause
by the mistake done by our group member when taking the value for the force
when it was hang on the beam.

2) Does the experiment proof that the shear force at the cut is equal to the
algebraic sum of the forces acting to the left or right of the cut. If not, why?
Yes, the experiment proof that the shear force at the cut is equal to the algebraic
sum of the forces acting to the left or right of the cut. This is because, from the
value of W1, W2, RA and RB , we can conclude that,
W1 + W2 = RA + RB
Figure 2
W1 + W2 = RA + RB
0.981 N + 0

= 1.293 N + (-0.312 N)
= 0.981 N

Figure 3
W1 + W2 = RA + RB
1.472 N + 1.962

= 1.539 N + 1.895 N
= 3.434 N

Figure 4
W1 + W2 = RA + RB
1.962 N + 2.453

= 1.205 N + 3.210 N
= 4.415 N

3) Plot the shear force diagram for load cases in Figure 2,3 and 4.
Please see graph 2 and 3 as attached.

4) Comment on the shape of the graph. What does it tell you about how
Shear Force varies due to various loading condition?
From the graph, we can comment that on figure 2, the shape is normal that floq
of diagram is steady due to the loading. But foe the figure 3 and 4, the shape is
kind of the same.

9.0 CONCLUSION

From this experiment, our group managed to examine how shear force varies
with an increasing point load. Our group also managed to examine how shear force
varies at the cut position of the beam for various loading conditions.
For part one experiment, we conclude that, when the load we place at beam is
increase, the Shear Force will also increase. Thus, we conclude that, Shear Force is
linearly proportional (positive) to the load apply on the beam. While for the part two
experiment, we conclude that, from the SFD graph draw by our group in this experiment,
we noticed that, Shear Force normally will happen at any point on the beam when a load
is apply at the cut. The result from the experiment also indicate that Shear Force at the
cut section is equal to the forces acting at both right and left side of the cut section on
the beam.

10.0 REFERENCES
Yusof Ahamad (2001). Mekanik Bahan Dan Struktur. Malaysia: Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Johor Darul Tazim.
R. C. Hibbeler (2000). Mechanic Of Materials. 4th. ed. England: Prentice Hall
International, Inc.