DEUTSCHE NORM

March 2006

DIN 2093

Supersedes
DIN 2093:1992-01

ICS 21.160

Disc springs
Quality specifications
Dimensions

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permitted only for intra-company purposes of SMS Demag AG.

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Qualittsanforderungen
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Document comprises 18 pages

Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.
In case of doubt, the German-language original should be consulted as the authoritative text.

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DIN 2093:2006-03

Foreword
This standard has been prepared by the Ausschuss Federn (Springs Standards Committee).*)

Amendments
This standard differs from DIN 2093:1992-01 as follows:
a)

Examples of designation for springs produced by turning (G) and for springs produced by fine blanking
(F) are no longer included (see clause 4).

b)

Clause 4 now includes the assignment of springs to series A, B or C based on the h0/t ratio.

c)

In clause 7, new values of Ft and of stresses II, III and OM have been specified.

d)

The standard has been editorially revised to take account of the new style rules for standards. Symbols,
units and quantities have been aligned with the International System of Units (SI) as in ISO 31.

Previous editions
DIN 2093: 1957-07, 1967-04, 1978-04, 1990-09, 1992-01

*) This English translation also includes amendments from Corrigendum DIN 2093:2006-03 Ber 1:2007-08. These are

identified by a footnote.

DIN 2093:2006-03

Scope

This standard specifies requirements for the materials, manufacturing process, dimensions and tolerances for
disc springs. It includes graphs showing the permissible relaxation and the fatigue life of such springs, as a
function of stress.
All requirements specified here are minimum requirements.
This standard covers three dimensional series of disc springs.

Normative references

The following reference documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
DIN 2092:2006, Disc springs Calculation
DIN 50969, Testing of high-strength steel building elements for resistance to hydrogen-induced brittle fracture
and advice on the prevention of such fracture
DIN EN 1654, Copper and copper alloys Strip for springs and connectors
DIN EN 10083-1, Quenched and tempered steels Technical delivery conditions for special steels
DIN EN 10083-2, Quenched and tempered steels Technical delivery conditions for unalloyed quality steels
DIN EN 10083-3, Quenched and tempered steels Technical delivery conditions for boron steels
DIN EN 10089, Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs Technical delivery conditions
DIN EN 10132-4, Cold-rolled narrow steel strip for heat treatment Technical delivery conditions Part 4:
Spring steels and other applications
DIN EN 10151, Stainless steel strip for springs Technical delivery conditions
DIN EN ISO 3269, Fasteners Acceptance inspection
DIN EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test method
DIN EN ISO 6507-2, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 2: Verification and calibration of
testing machines
DIN EN ISO 6507-3, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
DIN EN ISO 6507-4, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 4: Tables of hardness values
DIN EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D,
E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
DIN EN ISO 6508-2, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 2: Verification and calibration of
testing machines (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
DIN EN ISO 6508-3, Metallic materials Rockwell hardness test Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
(scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)

Terms and definitions

Disc springs are annular coned elements that offer resistance to a compressive load applied axially. They may
be designed as single disc springs or as disc springs stacked in parallel or in series, either singly or in
multiples. They may be subjected to both static and fatigue loading, and may have flat bearings.

DIN 2093:2006-03

In this standard, disc springs are divided into three groups and three dimensional series. Classification into
groups is based on the manufacturing process, which is a function of the material thickness. The assignment
of disc springs to dimensional series is governed by the h0/t ratio.

4
4.1

Dimensions and designation

General

a)

without flat bearings:

group 1
group 2

b)

with flat bearings:

group 3

Figure 1 Single disc spring of group 1, 2 or 3 (sectional view),

including the relevant points of loading**)
Designation of a disc spring of dimensional series A with an outer diameter, De, of 40 mm:

Disc spring DIN 2093 A 40

4.2

4.3

Disc spring groups

Group

< 1,25

With flat bearings

and reduced thickness
No

1,25 t 6

No

> 6 < t 14

Yes

Dimensional series

**) See *) on page 2.

Dimensional series

h0/t

A
B
C

0,40
0,75
1,30

DIN 2093:2006-03

Symbols, units and descriptions

Symbol

Unit

Description

De

mm

Outer diameter of spring

Di

mm

Inner diameter of spring

D0

mm

Diameter of centre of rotation

E
F
Fc

MPa
N
N

Modulus of elasticity
Spring load
Design spring load when spring is in the flattened position

Ft

F
L0

N
mm

Lc

mm

Test load for length Lt or lt

Relaxation
Length of springs stacked in series or in parallel, in the initial
position
Design length of springs stacked in series or in parallel, in the
flattened position
Number of cycles to failure
Spring rate
Energy capacity of spring

h0

N/mm
N mm
mm

h0

mm

Initial cone height of springs with flat bearings, h0 = l0 t'

l0

mm

Number of disc springs or packets stacked in series

Free overall height of spring in its initial position

lt

mm

Test length of spring, lt = l0 0,75 h0

mm
mm

Deflection of single disc spring

Spring deflections related to spring loads F1, F2, F3

mm
mm

Thickness of single disc spring

Reduced thickness of single disc spring with flat bearings (group 3)

II, III , OM

MPa
MPa

Poissons ratio
Design stress
Design stresses at the points designated II, III, OM (see Figure 1)

MPa

MPa

Fatigue stress related to the deflection of springs subject to fatigue

loading
Maximum fatigue stress

MPa

Minimum fatigue stress

H = O U

MPa

Permanent range of fatigue stress

R
W

s1, s2 , s3 ...
t

Initial cone height of springs without flat bearings, h0 = l0 t

V,V

Theoretical centre of rotation of disc spring cross section (see

Figure1)
Lever arms

Ra

Mean surface roughness

DIN 2093:2006-03

Spring material

Springs complying with this standard shall be made from steel as specified in DIN EN 10083, DIN EN 10089
or DIN EN 10132-4. Carbon steel shall only be used for the manufacture of group 1 springs (see also
Table 4).
NOTE
The design of disc springs made from steel as above shall be based on a modulus of elasticity, E, of
206 000 MPa.

The modulus of elasticity and strength property of other materials (e.g. stainless steel for springs in
accordance with DIN EN 10151, copper alloys (spring bronze) in accordance with DIN EN 1654) will likely be
different. The values given for F and in Tables 1 to 3 then cease to apply. In such cases it is recommended
to consult the spring manufacturer.

Spring dimensions, nominal sizes, design values

7.1

Dimensional series A

Disc springs with

De
h
18; 0 0,4; E = 206 000 MPa; = 0,3
t
t
Table 1

Group

De

Di

h12

H12

t or (t)a

h0

l0

Ft

lt

IIIb

OM

s 0,75 h0
0,45
0,56
0,77
0,87

1 218
1 218
1 382
1 308

1 605
1 595
1 666
1 551

s = h0

8
10
12,5
14

4,2
5,2
6,2
7,2

0,4
0,5
0,7
0,8

0,2
0,25
0,3
0,3

0,6
0,75
1
1,1

210
325
660
797

16
18
20
22,5
25
28
31,5
35,5

8,2
9,2
10,2
11,2
12,2
14,2
16,3
18,3

0,9
1
1,1
1,25
1,5
1,5
1,75
2

0,35
0,4
0,45
0,5
0,55
0,65
0,7
0,8

1,25
1,4
1,55
1,75
2,05
2,15
2,45
2,8

1 013
1 254
1 521
1 929
2 926
2 841
3 871
5 187

0,99
1,1
1,21
1,37
1,64
1,66
1,92
2,2

1 301
1 295
1 290
1 296
1 419
1 274
1 296
1 332

1 555
1 558
1 560
1 534
1 562
1 562
1 570
1 611

40
45
50
56
63

20,4
22,4
25,4
28,5
31

2,25
2,5
3
3
3,5

0,9
1
1,1
1,3
1,4

3,15
3,5
4,1
4,3
4,9

6 500
7 716
11 976
11 388
15 025

2,47
2,75
3,27
3,32
3,85

1 328
1 296
1 418
1 274
1 296

1 595
1 534
1 659
1 565
1 524

4
5
5
6
6
8 (7,5)
8 (7,5)
10 (9,4)

1,6
1,7
2
2,2
2,5
2,6
3,2
3,5

20 535
33 559
31 354
48 022
43 707
85 926
85 251
138 331

4,4
5,42
5,5
6,55
6,62
8,65
8,8
10,87

1 332
1 453
1 295
1 418
1 239
1 326
1 284c
1 338

1 594
1 679
1 558
1 663
1 505
1 708
1 675
1 753

71
80
90
100
112
125
140
160

36
41
46
51
57
64
72
82

5,6
6,7
7
8,2
8,5
10,6
11,2
13,5

DIN 2093:2006-03

Table 1 (concluded)
Group

De

Di

h12

H12

180

92

200
225
250

102
112
127

t or (t)a

h0

l0

lt

Ft

IIIb

s 0,75 h0

OM
s = h0

10 (9,4)

14

125 417

11

1 201c

12 (11,25)
12 (11,25)
14 (13,1)

4,2
5
5,6

16,2
17
19,6

183 020
171 016
248 828

13,05
13,25
15,4

1 227
1 137c
1 221c

1 576
1 611
1 489
1 596

a The values specified for t are nominal values. In the case of springs with flat bearings (cf. group 3 in clause 4), the desired spring

load, F (where s 0,75 h0), is to be obtained by reducing the thickness of single disc springs, t, which then gives the value t. In the

case of dimensional series A and B, t 0,94 t, and in the case of dimensional series C, t 0,96 t.
b

The values specified apply for the largest calculated tensile stress on the lower edges of the spring.

The values specified apply for the largest calculated tensile stress at the point designated III.

7.2

Dimensional series B

Disc springs with

De
h
28; 0 0,75; E = 206 000 MPa; = 0,3
t
t

Table 2
Group

De

Di

h12

H12

t or (t)a

h0

l0

Ft

lt

III

OM

s 0,75 h0
0,36
0,47
0,59
0,6
0,71

1 312
1 281
1 114
1 101
1 109

s = h0
1 505
1 531
1 388
1 293
1 333

8
10
12,5
14
16

4,2
5,2
6,2
7,2
8,2

0,3
0,4
0,5
0,5
0,6

0,25
0,3
0,35
0,4
0,45

0,55
0,7
0,85
0,9
1,05

118
209
294
279
410

18
20
22,5
25
28
31,5
35,5
40
45
50

9,2
10,2
11,2
12,2
14,2
16,3
18,3
20,4
22,4
25,4

0,7
0,8
0,8
0,9
1
1,25
1,25
1,5
1,75
2

0,5
0,55
0,65
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
1,15
1,3
1,4

1,2
1,35
1,45
1,6
1,8
2,15
2,25
2,65
3,05
3,4

566
748
707
862
1 107
1 913
1 699
2 622
3 646
4 762

0,82
0,94
0,96
1,07
1,2
1,47
1,5
1,79
2,07
2,35

1 114
1 118
1 079
1 023
1 086
1 187
1 073
1 136
1 144
1 140

1 363
1 386
1 276
1 238
1 282
1 442
1 258
1 359
1 396
1 408

56
63
71
80
90

28,5
31
36
41
46

2
2,5
2,5
3
3,5

1,6
1,75
2
2,3
2,5

3,6
4,25
4,5
5,3
6

4 438
7 189
6 725
10 518
14 161

2,4
2,94
3
3,57
4,12

1 092
1 088
1 055
1 142
1 114

1 284
1 360
1 246
1 363
1 363

51
57
64
72
82
92

3,5
4
5
5
6
6

2,8
3,2
3,5
4
4,5
5,1

13 070
17 752
29 908
27 920
41 008
37 502

4,2
4,8
5,87
6
7,12
7,27

1 049
1 090
1 149
1 101
1 109
1 035

1 235
1 284
1 415
1 293
1 333
1 192

100
112
125
140
160
180

6,3
7,2
8,5
9
10,5
11,1

DIN 2093:2006-03

Table 2 (concluded)
Group

De

Di

h12

H12

200
225
250

102
112
127

t or (t)a
8 (7,5)
8 (7,5)
10 (9,4)

h0

l0

5,6
6,5
7

13,6
14,5
17

Ft

lt

76 378
70 749
119 050

s 0,75 h0
9,4
9,62
11,75

III

OM

1 254
1 176
1 244

s = h0
1 409
1 267
1 406

a The values specified for t are nominal values. In the case of disc springs with flat bearings (cf. group 3 in clause 4), the desired

spring load, F (where s 0,75 h0), is to be obtained by reducing the thickness of single disc springs, t, which then gives the value t.
In the case of dimensional series A and B, t 0,94 t, and in the case of dimensional series C, t 0,96 t.

7.3

Dimensional series C

Disc springs with

De
h
40; 0 1,3; E = 206 000 MPa; = 0,3
t
t

Table 3
Group

De

Di

h12

H12

t or (t)a

h0

l0

Ft

lt

III

OM

s 0,75 h0
0,26
0,32
0,46
0,46
0,52
0,6

1 034
965
1 278
1 055
1 009
1 106

s = h0
1 003
957
1 250
1 018
988
1 052

8
10
12,5
14
16
18

4,2
5,2
6,2
7,2
8,2
9,2

0,2
0,25
0,35
0,35
0,4
0,45

0,25
0,3
0,45
0,45
0,5
0,6

0,45
0,55
0,8
0,8
0,9
1,05

39
58
151
123
154
214

20
22,5
25
28
31,5
35,5
40
45
50
56
63
71

10,2
11,2
12,2
14,2
16,3
18,3
20,4
22,4
25,4
28,5
31
36

0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,8
0,9
1
1,25
1,25
1,5
1,8
2

0,65
0,8
0,9
1
1,05
1,15
1,3
1,6
1,6
1,95
2,35
2,6

1,15
1,4
1,6
1,8
1,85
2,05
2,3
2,85
2,85
3,45
4,15
4,6

254
426
600
801
687
832
1 017
1 891
1 550
2 622
4 238
5 144

0,66
0,8
0,92
1,05
1,06
1,19
1,32
1,65
1,65
1,99
2,39
2,65

1 063
1 227
1 259
1 304
1 130
1 078
1 063
1 253
1 035
1 218
1 351
1 342

1 024
1 178
1 238
1 282
1 077
1 042
1 024
1 227
1 006
1 174
1 315
1 295

80
90
100
112
125

41
46
51
57
64

2,25
2,5
2,7
3
3,5

2,95
3,2
3,5
3,9
4,5

5,2
5,7
6,2
6,9
8

6 613
7 684
8 609
10 489
15 416

2,99
3,3
3,57
3,97
4,62

1 370
1 286
1 235
1 218
1 318

1 311
1 246
1 191
1 174
1 273

140
160
180
200
225
250

72
82
92
102
112
127

3,8
4,3
4,8
5,5
6,5 (6,2)
7 (6,7)

4,9
5,6
6,2
7
7,1
7,8

8,7
9,9
11
12,5
13,6
14,8

17 195
21 843
26 442
36 111
44 580
50 466

5,02
5,7
6,35
7,25
8,27
8,95

1 249
1 238
1 201
1 247
1 137
1 116

1 203
1 189
1 159
1 213
1 119
1 086

a The values specified for t are nominal values. In the case of disc springs with flat bearings (cf. group 3 in clause 4), the desired

spring load, F (where s 0,75 h0), is to be obtained by reducing the thickness of single disc springs, t, which then gives the value t.
In the case of dimensional series A and B, t 0,94 t, and in the case of dimensional series C, t 0,96 t.

DIN 2093:2006-03

Manufacture

8.1

Manufacturing process and surface quality

Disc springs shall be manufactured as specified in Table 4.

Table 4 Prescribed manufacturing processes and surface quality
Group

Manufacturing process

Stamping,
cold forming,
edge rounding

Stampingb,
cold forming,
De and Di turning,
edge rounding
or
fine blankingc,
cold forming,
edge rounding

Surface roughnessa Surface roughness on

on upper and bottom outer and inner edges,
in m
surfaces, in m

Cold or hot forming,

turning on all sides,
edge rounding
or
stampingb,
cold forming,
De and Di turning,
edge rounding
or
fine blankingc,
cold forming,
edge rounding

Material
as in

Ra < 3,2

Ra < 12,5

DIN EN 10132-4

Ra < 6,3

Ra < 6,3

DIN EN 10132-4

Ra < 6,3

Ra < 3,2

DIN EN 10132-4

Ra < 12,5

Ra < 12,5

DIN EN 10083
DIN EN 10089

Ra < 12,5

Ra < 12,5

DIN EN 10132-4

Ra < 12,5

Ra < 12,5

DIN EN 10132-4

a The values specified do not apply to shot peened springs.

b Stamping without D and D turning is not permitted.
e
i
c Fine blanking in accordance with VDI Richtlinie (VDI Guideline) 2906 Part 5: Clean cut min. 75 %, scar category 2, tear off

max. 25 %.

8.2

Heat treatment

To ensure satisfactory fatigue life with minimum relaxation, the hardness of disc springs shall lie within the
range of 42 HRC to 52 HRC.
For group 1 disc springs, the hardness shall be determined according to Vickers (425 HV10 to 510 HV10).
After heat treatment, the disc spring shall not exhibit a depth of decarburization exceeding 3 % of its
thickness.

DIN 2093:2006-03

8.3

Shot peening

In order to increase the values given in Figures 5 to 7, shot peening is recommended.

This procedure shall be the subject of agreement between customer and manufacturer.

8.4

Presetting

After heat treatment, each disc spring shall be loaded until it is in the flat position. After loading the disc spring
with twice of its test load Ft, the tolerances for the spring load as specified in Table 7**) shall be met.

8.5

Surface treatment and corrosion protection

The surface shall be free from defects such as scars, cracks and corrosion.
Whether and which corrosion protection is to be provided shall be a function of the particular spring
application. Suitable corrosion protections include phosphating, black finishing, and the application of
protective metallic coatings such as zinc or nickel. This shall be agreed between customer and manufacturer.
Galvanizing processes using aqueous solutions that are currently available may not preclude the risk of
hydrogen embrittlement. Disc springs with a hardness exceeding 40 HRC are more prone to the risk of
hydrogen embrittlement than softer springs. Particular care shall therefore be taken when selecting the
material, manufacturing process, heat treatment and surface treatment (cf. DIN 50969). When ordering disc
springs with galvanic surface protection it is advisable to consult the spring manufacturer.
For disc springs with dynamic loading galvanic surface protection should be avoided.
Phosphating and oiling is the standard corrosion protection for disc springs.

9
9.1

Tolerances
Tolerances on diameter

De: tolerance class h12

Coaxiality tolerance for De 50: 2 IT11
Coaxiality tolerance for De > 50: 2 IT12

Di: tolerance class H12

9.2

Tolerances on thickness
Table 5
Group
1

2
3

**) See *) on page 2.

10

Tolerances

0,2 t 0,6

+ 0,02
0,06

0,6 < t < 1,25

+ 0,03
0,09

1,25 t 3,8

+ 0,04
0,12

3,8 < t 6,0**)

+ 0,05
0,15

6,0 < t 14,0

0,10

DIN 2093:2006-03

9.3

Tolerances on free overall height, l0

Table 6
Group

Tolerances

t < 1,25

+ 0,10
0,05

1,25 t 2,0

+ 0,15
0,08

2,0 < t 3,0

+ 0,20
0,10

3,0 < t 6,0

+ 0,30
0,15

6,0 < t 14,0

0,30

9.4
9.4.1

Tolerances on spring load

Single disc springs

The spring load Ft shall be determined at test length lt = l0 0,75 h0. The measurement is taken while loading
between flat plates, using a suitable lubricant. The flat plates shall be hardened, ground, and polished.
Table 7

Group

Tolerances for Ft
at lt = l0 0,75 h0,
%

t < 1,25

+ 25
7,5

1,25 t 3,0

+ 15
7,5

2
3

3,0 < t 6,0

+ 10
5

6,0 < t 14,0

To comply with the specified load tolerances, it may be necessary to exceed the tolerance values specified for
l0 and t.
9.4.2

Springs stacked in series

Figure 2 Loading and unloading curves obtained from testing springs stacked in series

11

DIN 2093:2006-03

Ten single disc springs stacked in series shall be used to determine the deviation in load between the loading
curve and the unloading curve.
Prior to testing, the disc spring shall be compressed to twice its test load, Ft. The individual disc springs shall
be centred by a mandrel in compliance with clause 13. The clearance between disc springs and mandrel shall
be as specified in Table 9. The flat plates shall meet the requirements specified in 9.4.1.
At Lt = L0 7,5 h0, the spring load determined for the unloading curve shall make up at least the minimum
percentages specified in Table 8 of the spring load determined for the loading curve (see also Figure 2).
Table 8 Minimum spring load at unloading, as a percentage of the spring load at loading at Lt
Group

1
2
3

9.5

Dimensional series
B
90
92,5
95

C
85
87,5
90

Clearance between disc spring and guiding element

A guiding element is necessary to keep the disc spring in position. This should be preferably a mandrel. In the
case of external positioning, a sleeve is preferred.
Table 9 Recommended clearance between disc spring and guiding element

Di or De
Over 16
Over 20
Over 26
Over 31,5
Over 50
Over 80
Over 140

Up to 16
up to 20
up to 26
up to 31,5
up to 50
up to 80
up to 140
up to 250

Total clearance
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,6

10 Creep and relaxation

All disc springs lose load during usage. Depending on the application, this is expressed by creep or relaxation.
Both creep and relaxation are largely a result of the stress distribution over the cross section of the disc
spring. Its influence can be estimated on the basis of the design stress OM (see DIN 2092, clause 10).
Creep is defined as the further decrease in length of the disc spring with time, l, when subjected to a
constant load. Relaxation is defined as the decrease in load with time, F, when the disc spring is
compressed to a constant length.
For disc springs under static load, the guideline values for relaxation illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 should not
be exceeded.

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DIN 2093:2006-03

Figure 3 Permissible relaxation for disc springs made of carbon steel

in accordance with DIN EN 10132-4

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DIN 2093:2006-03

Figure 4 Permissible relaxation for disc springs made of alloy steel in accordance
with DIN EN 10089 and DIN EN 10132-4
If the ambient temperature exceeds 100 C, the spring manufacturer should be consulted.

11 Permissible stresses
11.1 Static and rarely alternating loading
For disc springs made of steels according to DIN EN 10089 or DIN EN 10132-4, which are subject to static
loading or to moderate fatigue conditions, the design stress, OM, at maximum deflection shall not exceed
1 600 MPa.
Higher stresses may cause a higher loss of spring load (see clause 10).

11.2 Dynamic loading

Minimum initial deflection to avoid cracking:
Disc springs subject to fatigue loading shall be designed and installed in such a way that the initial deflection
is s1 0,15 h0 to s1 0,20 h0 in order to avoid cracking at the upper inner edge, point I (see Figure 1) as a
result of residual stresses from the presetting process.

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DIN 2093:2006-03

11.2.1 Permissible loading

Figures 5 to 7 illustrate the fatigue life of disc springs subject to dynamic loading that have not been shot
peened. They specify guideline values for the permanent range of stress, H, as a function of the minimum

stress, U, at three different numbers of stress cycles, N, namely where N 2 106, N = 105, and N = 5 105.
Intermediate values for other numbers of stress cycles may be estimated based on this information.

The information given in Figures 5 to 7 represents the results of laboratory testing using fatigue testing
equipment capable of producing sinusoidal loading cycles and the statistical results obtained for a 99 %
probability of fatigue life. The figures are valid for single disc springs and stacks with I 10 disc springs
stacked in series. Test conditions are: room temperature, disc springs preloaded from s1 0,15 h0 to
s1 0,20 h0, surface hardened and perfectly processed inner and outer guidance.
To ensure the expected fatigue life of disc springs, they shall be protected from mechanical damage and other
adverse conditions.

Figure 5 Fatigue life of not shot peened disc springs with t < 1,25 mm

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DIN 2093:2006-03

Figure 6 Fatigue life of not shot peened disc springs with 1,25 mm t 6 mm

Figure 7 Fatigue life of not shot peened disc springs with 6 mm < t 14 mm

It should be noted that stress cycles in practice are generally not sinusoidal in form. Any additional type of
loads (e.g. sudden dynamic loading, shock loads and resonance) will shorten the fatigue life.
In this case the values given in the above figures shall be converted by appropriate factors of safety; the
spring manufacturer should be consulted where necessary.

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DIN 2093:2006-03

NOTE
Reliable information regarding the fatigue life is not available for disc springs made from materials other than
those specified here, for disc springs consisting of more than ten single disc springs stacked in series, for other
arrangements of stacks of springs, nor for springs subjected to chemical or thermal effects, although some relevant
information is usually obtainable from the spring manufacturer.

In the case of stacks with a highly degressive load/deflection curve (dimensional series C) and a large number
of single disc springs stacked in series, an uneven deflection of the single disc springs can be expected. This
effect is caused by friction between the disc springs and the guiding element and dimensional tolerances.
Disc springs at the moving end of the stack deflect more than the others. This will result in a shorter fatigue life
than shown in Figures 5 to 7.
The fatigue life of disc springs can be prolonged considerably by additional shot peening.

12 Testing
Determination of the properties covered in 12.1 and 12.2 shall be the subject of agreement between customer
and manufacturer.

12.1 Check of dimensions and other spring characteristics

The specifications given in DIN EN ISO 3269 shall be applied in addition to the characteristics and quality
levels specified in Table 10.
Table 10
Spring characteristics

AQL value

Major characteristics
Spring load, F (where s 0,75 h0)
Outer diameter, De
Inner diameter, Di
Minor characteristics
Free overall height in initial position, l0
Spring thickness, t or t'
Surface roughness, Ra

1,5

12.2 Hardness testing

Vickers hardness testing shall be carried out according to DIN EN ISO 6507-1 to DIN EN ISO 6507-4, and
Rockwell hardness testing according to DIN EN ISO 6508-1 to DIN EN ISO 6508-3.
The indentation shall be made on the upper surface of the disc spring, at a point that lies centrally between
the inner and outer edges.

13 Other relevant requirements

Where possible, the guiding element and the support plate shall be made from case-hardened materials, with
a case depth of 0,8 mm, and have a minimum hardness of 60 HRC. The surface of the guiding element
should be smooth and perfectly finished.
It shall be permitted to use unhardened guiding elements where the disc spring is subject to static loading.

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DIN 2093:2006-03

Bibliography

DIN 4000-11, Tabular layouts of article characteristics for springs

DIN 59200, Hot rolled wide steel flats Dimensions, mass and tolerances
DIN EN 10048, Hot-rolled narrow steel strip Tolerances on dimensions and shape
DIN EN 10051, Continuously hot-rolled uncoated plate, sheet and strip of non-alloy and alloy steels
Tolerances of dimensions and shape
DIN EN 10140, Cold rolled narrow steel strip Tolerances on dimensions and shape
DIN EN 12476, Phosphate conversion coatings of metals Method of specifying requirements
DIN EN ISO 11124-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products
Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives Part 1: General introduction and classification
DIN ISO 2162-1, Technical products documentation Springs Part 1: Simplified representation
DIN ISO 2162-3, Technical product documentation Springs Part 3: Vocabulary

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