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Chemistry
The Central Science
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Demo
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What is chemistry?

Science that deals with

Materials of Universe
Changes they undergo

Dealswith structure and properties of

substances
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Examples of Chemical Change

Wood burning
Plants growing
Steel/iron rusting
Chemistry learned/stored in brain
Formation of acid rain
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Why the central science?
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Brief History of Chemistry

Earlyhumans noticed chemical

changefundamental change in nature
and structure of matter
Useof metals during Copper and
Brass ages
Gold and copper prized for malleability and
sharpenability
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Khemeia

Egyptians learned the art of embalming

and dying
Khemeia has a Greek origin from khumos-the juice of plants.

Greeks developed chemical theories

Thales ((640-546 BCE)-water is an elemental material
Anaximines (570 BCE)-air
Heraclitus (535-475 BCE)-fire
Empedocles (530-490 BCE)-earth

Aristotle said all four were elements

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Atoms

Atmos-Greek for indivisible

Atthe same time-Arabs (1100-650
BCE) Khemeia became Al-Khemeia or
alchemy
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Alchemy

Medieval chemical science and

speculative philosophy
Goal was the transmutation of cheap
metals into gold, and/or a universal
cure for disease, and/or a way of
prolonging life
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Alchemists Sought

PhilosophersStone (convert cheap

materials to gold)
Elixor of Life (cure disease)
Fountain of Youth (end aging)
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Alchemists Contributions

Lab techniques
Medicines

Lab tools and supplies

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Alchemy to chemistry

Democritus: first idea of atom

Geber: stereotypical alchemist
Paracelsus: last alchemist/first
chemist
Robert Boyle: definition of atom
Georg Stahl: phlogiston theory
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Phlogiston Theory

All
flammable materials contain
phlogiston
without color, odor, taste, or mass
liberated in burning
"dephlogisticated" substances are in "true" form, called the
calx

Eventually rejected
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Antoine Lavoisier

Known as Father of Chemistry

First chemistry textbook
First to explain true nature of burning
Named oxygen
Naming system for chemicals
Explained Law of Conservation of Mass
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The Scientific Method

Involvesa method used to investigate

a natural occurrence.
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Steps of the Scientific Method
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Steps Continued
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What are these objects?
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Learning Chemistry

Vocabulary challenging
Must be memorized

Prepare to THINK!
Problems need solving
That means MATH (it IS a four letter word!)

Requires creativity
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Math Skills Required

7 X 13 = 28
Long multiplication
Long division
Final proof