to

N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
h

ed

lkekftd foKku

no
t

d{kk 7 osQ fy,

bfrgkl dh ikB~;iqLrd

to
N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
h

ed

lkekftd foKku

no
t

d{kk 7 osQ fy,

bfrgkl dh ikB~;iqLrd

ISBN 81-7450-755-8

izFke laLdj.k
ebZ 2007 T;s"B 1929

lokZf/dkj lqjf{kr

iqueqZ.k
uoacj 2007 dkfrZd 1929
tuojh 2009 ikS"k 1930
fnlacj 2009 ikS"k 1931
tuojh 2011 ek?k 1932
tuojh 2012 ek?k 1933

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] izdk'ku foHkkx osQ dk;kZy;

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- oSaQil
Jh vjon ekxZ
u;h fnYyh 110 016

Phone : 011-26562708

to
N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
h

PD 50T HK

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuql/

a ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~]

2007

izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk bl izdk'ku osQ fdlh Hkkx dks Nkiuk rFkk
bysDVkWfudh] e'khuh] iQksVksizfrfyfi] fjdkWfMZx vFkok fdlh vU; fof/ ls iqu% iz;ksx
ifr }kjk mldk laxzg.k vFkok izlkj.k oftZr gSA
bl iqLrd dh fch bl 'krZ osQ lkFk dh xbZ gS fd izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk
;g iqLrd vius ewy vkoj.k vFkok ftYn osQ vykok fdlh vU; izdkj ls O;kikj }kjk
m/kjh ij] iqufoZ; ;k fdjk, ij u nh tk,xh] u csph tk,xhA
bl izdk'ku dk lgh ewY; bl i`"B ij eqfzr gSA jcM+ dh eqgj vFkok fpidkbZ xbZ iphZ
(fLVdj) ;k fdlh vU; fof/ }kjk vafdr dksbZ Hkh la'kksf/r ewY; xyr gS rFkk ekU;
ugha gksxkA

ed

108, 100 iQhV

jks M
gs y h ,DlVs a ' ku] gks L Ms o s Q js
cuk'kadjh III LVs t
cS a x yw # 560 085

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uothou V L V Hkou
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izdk'ku lg;ksx

30-00

no
t

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- okVjekoZQ 80 th-,l-,e- isij

ij eqfnzrA

iz d k'ku foHkkx es a lfpo] jk"V h ; 'kS f {kd

vuqla/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~] Jh vjon ekxZ]
u;h fnYyh 110 016 }kjk iz d kf'kr rFkk
\\\\\ }kjk eqfnzrA

iv

v;{k] izdk'ku foHkkx

v'kksd osQ- JhokLro

eq[; mRiknu vfkdkjh

f'ko oqQekj

eq[; laiknd (izHkkjh)

ujs'k ;kno

eq[; O;kikj izcakd

xkSre xkaxqyh

lgk;d laiknd

'kf'k pM~Mk

mRiknu vf/dkjh

\\\

vkoj.k ,oa lTtk

vkVZ fozQ,'kal
dkVksZxzkI+kQh
dkVksZxzkfI+kQd fMkkbu ,tsalh

no
t

to
N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
h

jk"Vh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk (2005) lq>krh gS fd cPpksa osQ LowQyh thou dks ckgj
osQ thou ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg,A ;g flkar fdrkch Kku dh ml fojklr osQ foijhr
gS ftlosQ izHkkoo'k gekjh O;oLFkk vkt rd LowQy vkSj ?kj osQ chp varjky cuk;s gq,
gSA ubZ jk"Vh; ikB~;p;kZ ij vk/kfjr ikB~;ozQe vkSj ikB~;iqLrosaQ bl cqfu;knh fopkj
ij vey djus dk iz;kl gSA bl iz;kl esa gj fo"k; dks ,d ekcwr nhokj ls ?ksj nsus
vkSj tkudkjh dks jVk nsus dh izo`fk dk fojks/ 'kkfey gSA vk'kk gS fd ;s dne gesa
jk"Vh; f'k{kk uhfr (1986) eas of.kZr cky&osaQfnzr O;oLFkk dh fn'kk esa dkI+kQh nwj rd
ys tk,xsA
bl iz;Ru dh liQyrk vc bl ckr ij fuHkZj gS fd LowQyksa osQ izkpk;Z vkSj
v;kid cPpksa dks dYiuk'khy xfrfof/;ksa vkSj lokyksa dh enn ls lh[kus vkSj lh[kus
osQ nkSjku vius vuqHkoksa ij fopkj djus dk volj nsrs gSAa gesa ;g ekuuk gksxk fd ;fn
txg] le; vkSj vkkknh nh tk, rks cPps cM+ksa }kjk lkSaih xbZ lwpuk&lkexzh ls tqM+dj
vkSj tw>dj u;s Kku dk l`tu djrs gSaA f'k{kk osQ fofo/ lkkuksa ,oa lzksrksa dh vuns[kh
fd, tkus dk izeq[k dkj.k ikB~;iqLrd dks ijh{kk dk ,dek=k vk/kj cukus dh izo`fk
gSA ltZuk vkSj igy dks fodflr djus osQ fy, k:jh gS fd ge cPpksa dks lh[kus
dh izfozQ;k esa iwjk Hkkxhnkj ekusa vkSj cuk,] mUgsa Kku dh fu/kZfjr [kqjkd dk xzkgd
ekuuk NksM+ nsaA
;s ms'; LowQy dh nSfud fkanxh vkSj dk;Z'kSyh esa dkIk+ Qh isQjcny dh ekx djrs gSAa
nSfud le;&lkj.kh esa yphykiu mruk gh k:jh gS ftruh okf"kZd oSQys.Mj osQ vey
esa pqLrh] ftlls f'k{k.k osQ fy, fu;r fnuksa dh la[;k gdhdr cu losQA f'k{k.k vkSj
ewY;kadu dh fof/;k Hkh bl ckr dks r; djsxa h fd ;g ikB~;iqLrd LowQy esa cPpksa osQ
thou dks ekufld ncko rFkk cksfj;r dh txg [kq'kh dk vuqHko cukus esa fdruh izHkkoh
fl gksrh gSA cks> dh leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, ikB~;ozQe fuekZrkvksa us fofHkUu pj.kksa
esa Kku dk iqufuZ/kZj.k djrs le; cPpksa osQ euksfoKku ,oa v;kiu osQ fy, miyC/ le;
dk ;ku j[kus dh igys ls vf/d lpsr dksf'k'k dh gSA bl dksf'k'k dks vkSj xgjkus
osQ ;Ru esa ;g ikB~;iqLrd lksp&fopkj vkSj foLe;] NksVs lewgksa esa ckrphr ,oa cgl vkSj
gkFk ls dh tkus okyh xfrfof/;ksa dks izkFkfedrk nsrh gSA
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- bl iqLrd dh jpuk osQ fy, cukbZ xbZ ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr
osQ ifjJe osQ fy, o`QrKrk O;Dr djrh gSA ifj"kn~ lkekftd foKku ikB~;iqLrd
lykgdkj lfefr osQ v;{k izkIs k+ Qs lj gfj oklqnos u vkSj bl ikB~;iqLrd lfefr osQ eq[;
lykgdkj uhykfnz Hk^kpk;Z dh fo'ks"k vkHkkjh gSA bl ikB~;iqLrd osQ fodkl esa dbZ
f'k{kdksa us ;ksxnku fd;k] bl ;ksxnku dks laHko cukus osQ fy, ge muosQ izkpk;ks osQ
vkHkkjh gSAa ge mu lHkh laLFkkvksa vkSj laxBuksa osQ izfr o`QrK gSa ftUgksua s vius lalkkuks]a
lkexzh vkSj lg;ksfx;ksa dh enn ysus esa gesa mnkjrkiwoZd lg;ksx fn;kA ge ek;fed
,oa mPp f'k{kk foHkkx] ekuo lalk/u fodkl ea=kky; }kjk izksI+ksQlj e`.kky ehjh ,oa

ed

vkeq[k

izksI+ksQlj th-ih- ns'kikaMs dh v;{krk esa xfBr fuxjkuh lfefr (ekWfuVfjax desVh) osQ
lnL;ksa dks viuk ewY;oku le; vkSj lg;ksx nsus osQ fy, kU;okn nsrs gSaA O;oLFkkxr
lq/kjksa vkSj vius izdk'kuksa esa fujarj fu[kkj ykus osQ izfr lefiZr ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-VhfVIif.k;ksa ,oa lq>koksa dk Lokxr djsxh ftuls Hkkoh la'kks/uksa esa enn yh tk losQA

no
t

ed

to
N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
h

u;h fnYyh
20 uoacj 2006

funs'kd
jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku
vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~

vi

ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

v;{k] lkekftd foKku ikB~;iqLrd lykgdkj lfefr
gfj oklqnsou] izksI+ksQlj] bfrgkl foHkkx] dydkk fo'ofo|ky;] dksydkrk
eq[; lykgdkj
uhykfnz Hk^kpk;Z] izksI+ksQlj] bfrgkl v;;u osaQnz] lkekftd foKku LowQy] tokgjyky usg:
fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyh

to
N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
h

ed

lykgdkj
oqQ.kky pozQcrhZ] izksI+ksQlj] bfrgkl v;;u osaQnz] lkekftd foKku LowQy] tokgjyky usg:
fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyh
lquhy oqQekj] jhMj] bfrgkl foHkkx] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh

lnL;
vfuy lsBh] izksI+ksQlj] lk-fo-ek-f'k-fo-] jk-'kS-v-iz-i-] u;h fnYyh
oqQeoqQe jkW;] ,lksfl,V izkIs +kQs lj] bfrgkl v;;u osQa nz] lkekftd foKku LowQy] tokgjyky usg:
fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyh
osQ'kou osywFkV] izksI+ksQlj] bfrgkl foHkkx] eaxyksj fo'ofo|ky;] eaxykSj] dukZVd
psru lg] izksI+ksQlj] bfrgkl foHkkx] fgekpy izns'k fo'ofo|ky;] f'keyk] fgekpy izns'k
uSuk nkl xqIrk] ysDpjj] bfrgkl foHkkx] ysMh Jhjke dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
iQjgr glu] jhMj] bfrgkl foHkkx] vyhx<+ eqfLye fo'ofo|ky;] vyhx<+] mkj izns'k
HkSjoh izlkn lkgw] izksI+ksQlj rFkk foHkkxk;{k] bfrgkl foHkkx] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
feyh jk;] lhfu;j ysDpjj] lk-fo-ek-f'k-fo-] jk-'kS-v-iz-i-] u;h fnYyh
jtr nkk] izkIs k+ Qs lj] bfrgkl v;;u osQa nz] lkekftd foKku LowQy] tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;]
u;h fnYyh
jktu xq:oqQy] izksI+ksQlj] bfrgkl foHkkx] egkRek xk/h fo'ofo|ky;] dks^k;e] osQjy
fot;k jkekLokeh] izksI+ksQlj] bfrgkl v;;u osaQnz] lkekftd foKku LowQy] tokgjyky usg:
fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyh
'kqfp ctkt] ih-th-Vh-] bfrgkl] LizxMsYl LowQy] iwlk jksM] u;h fnYyh
ljhyk fe=kk] ih-th-Vh-] bfrgkl] olar oSyh LowQy] olar oqaQt] u;h fnYyh
lh-,u- lqczgef.k;e] funs'kd] ,dyO;] dksBh ckkkj] gks'kaxkckn] e; izns'k

no
t

fganh vuqokn
vfuy lsBh] jk-'kS-v-iz-ioqQlqe ckfB;k] HkwriwoZ jhMj] ns'kcU/q dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
ij'kqjke] HkwriwoZ funs'kd (jktHkk"kk)] Hkkjr ljdkj
jhrw lg] jk-'kS-v-iz-ilatho oqQekj] lhfu;j ysDpjj] ns'kcU/q dkWyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyh
lhek ,l- vks>k] ysDpjj] lk-fo-ek-f'k-fo-] jk-'kS-v-iz-i-] u;h fnYyh

lnL;&leUo;d
jhrw lg] ysDpjj] lk-fo-ek-f'k-fo-] jk-'kS-v-iz-i-] u;h fnYyh
vii

vkHkkj

ed

;g iqLrd ,d o"kZ osQ pru] ppkZ] fopkj&foe'kZ vkSj iquysZ[ku dk urhtk gS]
tks ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr osQ lnL;ksa dh ;ksX;rk vkSj leiZ.k dk izfriQy
gSA bl le; esa geus ,d&nwljs ls cgqr lh[kkA gesa mEehn gS fd izdkf'kr
iqLrd ppkZ] ys[ku vkSj iquysZ[ku osQ yacs nkSj osQ mRlkg vkSj [kqf'k;ksa dks
izfrcfcr djrh gSA iqLrd lfefr osQ izR;sd lnL; dks mudh viuh&viuh
laLFkkvksa ,oa ifjokjksa ls cgqr lg;ksx vkSj izksRlkgu feykA bl volj ij ge
mu lc dks /U;okn nsuk pkgsaxsA

to
N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
h

jk-'kS-v-iz-i- dh fuxjkuh lfefr (ekWfuVfjax desVh) osQ lnL;] izksI+ksQlj

ts-,l- xzsoky vkSj f'kdkxks fo'ofo|ky; osQ izksI+ksQlj eqkiQj vkye us vusd
v;k;ksa ij viuh fVIif.k;k nha vkSj gekjh izR;sd leL;k dks cM+h mnkjrk ls
lqy>k;kA fo;uk fo'ofo|ky; dh izksI+ksQlj ,ck dksp us vius vusd fp=k vkSj
rLohjksa dk mi;ksx djus dh btkkr nhA fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; osQ ih-th-Mh-,-ohdkyst dh MkW- ehjk [kjs us oqQN iz'uksa osQ mkj nsus esa cgqr rRijrk fn[kkbZ vkSj
vusd tkudkfj;k vkSj fp=k iznku djosQ gekjh enn dhA ge bu lcosQ vR;ar
vkHkkjh gSaA
vkVZ fozQ,'kUl dh rq Vksik }kjk dh xbZ fdrkc dh cukoV vkSj lTtk osQ
fy, ge mUgsa /U;okn nsrs gSaA bl iqLrd osQ ekufp=k lrh'k ekS;Z us cuk, gSaA
ge mudh lgu'khyrk] rRijrk vkSj dk;Z&oqQ'kyrk osQ fy, muosQ o`QrK gSaA

no
t

bl iqLrd osQ fodkl osQ fofHkUu pj.kksa esa lg;ksx osQ fy, ge
Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj] xqfjUnj lg jk;] vfuy 'kekZ] bZ'oj lg ,oa fot; dkS'ky_
dkWih ,fMVj] vatuk c['kh_ izwiQ jhMj] vpy oqQekj] 'kf'k nsoh rFkk
daI;wVj bapktZ] fnus'k oqQekj dk Hkh vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gSaA bu lHkh lkfFk;ksa us
vius&vius dk;Z rRijrk vkSj oqQ'kyrk ls iwjs fd,A

viii

fp=kksa ,oa ekufp=kksa osQ fy, vkHkkj

ge fuEu yksxksa dk vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gSaA

no
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re ER
pu T
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is
h

------ fnYyh] vkxjk] t;iqj % n xksYMu Vk;axy (v;k; 4 fp=k 1)_ vkpZj] feYMjsM] vyhZ O;w vkWI+kQ
bafM;k] n fiDplZD;w tuhZk vkWI+kQ FkkWel ,aM fofy;e Msfu,y] 1786&1794]
(v;k; 5] fp=k 4)_
vkWd;kssykWftdy losZ vkWI+kQ bafM;k- O+kqQRc ehukj ,aM ,MtkWbux eksuqesaV~l]
(v;k; 3] fp=k 2_ v;k; 5] fp=k 2d] 2[k] 5d] 5[k)_
v'kj] oSQFksjhu ,aM lfFk;k VkycksV- bafM;k fciQksj ;wjksi]
(v;k; 10] fp=k 8)_
vfVy] bflu- n cz'k vkWI+kQ nh ekWLVlZ % MkbaXl I+kzQkWe bZjku ,aM bafM;k
(fiNyk vkoj.k] v;k; 3] fp=k 1)_
ca|ksik;k;] vfe;oqQekj- caoqQjkj eafnj]
(v;k; 9] fp=k 11] 12] 13] 14)_
csys] lh-,-,u- byLVsfVM fgLVh vkWI+kQ ekWMuZ bafM;k] 1600&1947
(v;k; 10] fp=k 2] 4)_
chp] feyks lh- ,aM ,ck dksp- dx vkWI+kQ nh oYMZ] n ikn'kkgukek
(v;k; 4] fp=k 3] 4] 5] 6)_
czkaM] ekbosQy ,aM xysu Mh- ykWjh (laik-) iQrsgiqj lhdjh
(v;k; 5] fp=k 17)_
czkmu] ijlh- bafM;u vkWdVsDpj (bLykfed ihfj;M)
(v;k; 3] fp=k 4] 5)_
lasVj iQkWj dYpjy jhlkslZ ,aM Vsux] u;h fnYyh
(v;k; 2] fp=k 4_ v;k; 3] fp=k 3_ v;k; 5] fp=k 1_ v;k; 9] fp=k 3] 5)_
nkl] vuar- tkV oS".ko dFkk
(v;k; 8] fp=k 7)_
nslkbZ] nsokaxuk- [ktqjkgks& eksuqesaV~l yhxslh
(v;k; 5] fp=k 3[k)_
bVkWu] jhpMZ- lwi- Qhl vkWI+kQ chtkiqj
(v;k; 8] fp=k 6)_
bMojMsl] ekbosQy- bafM;u VsEiYl ,aM iSyslsl
(v;k; 2] fp=k 1] v;k; 5] fp=k 3d)_
bgyZl] bdkjV ,aM FkkWEkl jkWV- 'kkgtgkukckn@iqjkuh fnYYkh% VsfMlu ,aM dksyksfu;y psat
(v;k; 5] fp=k 15)_
boslu] ukWjeSu- n bafM;u eSVksikWfyl
(v;k; 6] fp=k 2] 8)_
xSldkWxkuh] ckecj- n xzsV eqX+kYl
(v;k; 4] fp=k 7] 9)_
xksLokeh] ch-,u- n oMZ bk lsozsQM] lsoszQM bk n oMZ
(v;k; 2] fp=k 2_ v;k; 8] fp=k 1_ v;k; 9] fp=k 2)_
gwtk] jhek- , fgLVh vkWI+kQ jktLFkku
(v;k; 10] fp=k 5)_
vkbvksul] osjksfudk- bafM;u ekbFkksykWth
(v;k; 6] fp=k 1)_

ed

fp=k osQ fy, vkHkkj

ix

to
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pu T
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h

ed

dksp] ,ck- 'kkgtgk ,aM vkWjisaQl

(v;k; 5] fp=k 12)_
dksp] ,ck- n dEiyhV rktegy
(v;k; 4] fp=k 2_ v;k; 5] fp=k 6] 9] 10] 11] 13] 14)_
dksp] ,ck- eqX+ky vkWdVsDpj
(v;k; 5] fp=k 16)_
dksBkjh] lquhy- dRFkd % bafM;u Dykfldy Makl vkVZ
(v;k; 9] fp=k 6)_
ykWiQksaV] thu&esjh- egkjktk j.kthr lg % ykWMZ vkWI+kQ nh iQkbo jholZ
(v;k; 10] fp=k 6] 7)_
eksly
s kWl] fte] tsdh est
a l
s ] izrkikfnR;k iky- MkafLkx Vw nh ywV % E;wfkd ,aM Mkal bu bafM;u vkVZ
(v;k; 7] fp=k 1_ v;k; 8] fp=k 4] 8] 9_ v;k; 9] fp=k 8] 9)_
ekbdy] tkWtZ ,aM olqa/jk fiQyhvkstsV- LiysaMjl vkWI+kQ nh fot;uxj bEik;j& gEih
(v;k; 6] fp=k 6] 7)_
ekbdy] tkWtZ- vkWdVsDpj ,aM vkVZ vkWI+kQ lnuZ bafM;k
(v;k; 8] fp=k 2)_
iky] izrkikfnR;k- dksVZ isaVXl vkWI+kQ bafM;k
(v;k; 7] fp=k 2_ v;k; 8] fp=k 3_ v;k; 9] fp=k 4] 7] 8)_
l-iQknh] okbZ-,p- bLykfed oSQyhxzkI+kQh
(v;k; 1] fp=k 2)_
lg] :isanj] xq# ukud % fgk ykbiQ ,aM VhpXl
(v;k; 8] fp=k 11)_
LVkx] lwlku- n vkV~Zl vkWI+kQ nh fl[k dXMEl
(v;k; 6] fp=k 4] 5_ v;k; 8] fp=k 10] ist xii)
lqczkef.k;e] lat;- n osQfj;j ,aM fytsaM vkWI+kQ okLdks Mh xkek
(v;k; 6] fp=k 9)_
FkSDlVu] Oghyj ,e- (VkalysVsM] ,MhfVM ,aM ,uksVsM)] tgkxhjukek] eseksjhk vkWI+kQ tgkxhj]
,Eijj vkWiQ bafM;k
(v;k; 4] fp=k 8)_
osYp] LVwvVZ oSQjh- bafM;k] vkVZ ,aM dYpj % 1300&1900
(v;k; 7] fp=k 4] 6] 7_ v;k; 8] fp=k 5)_
osYp] LVwvVZ oSQjh- bEihfj;y eqX+ky isaVx
(v;k; 1] fp=k 1)_
ekufp=k osQ fy, vkHkkj
'okV~kC+kxZ] ts-bZ- , fgLVksfjdy ,Vyl vkWI+kQ lkmFk ,f'k;k
(v;k; 1] ekufp=k 1] 2)_

no
t

fofHkUu fdrkcksa ,oa ,Vylksa ls fy, x, lEikfnr rFkk iz;ksx esa yk, x, ekufp=k %
v'kj] osQFkjkbu ,aM lfFk;k VkWycksV- bafM;k fciQksj ;wjksi
(v;k; 3] ekufp=k 3_ v;k; 4] ekufp=k 1)_
csys] lh-,- bafM;u lkslkbVh ,aM nh esdx vkWI+kQ nh fczfV'k ,Eik;j
(v;k; 10] ekufp=k 1] 2)_
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(v;k; 7] ekufp=k 2)_
oqQekj] lquhy- bejtsal vkWI+kQ nh nsgyh lYrur
(v;k; 3] ekufp=k 2)_
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(v;k; 1] ekufp=k 3)

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vkeq[k

xii

bl iqLrd esa

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1- gkkj o"kks osQ nkSjku gq, ifjorZuksa dh iM+rky

2- u;s jktk vkSj muosQ jkT;

16

3- fnYyh osQ lqyrku

30

4- eqX+ky lkezkT;

45

5- 'kkld vkSj bekjrsa

60

6- uxj] O;kikjh vkSj f'kYihtu

75

7- tutkfr;k] [kkukcnks'k vkSj ,d txg cls gq, leqnk;

91

8- bZ'oj ls vuqjkx

104

9- {ks=kh; laLfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k

122

10- vBkjgoha 'krkCnh esa u, jktuhfrd xBu

xi

138

bl iqLrd esa
izR;sd v;k; dks dbZ Hkkxksa esa ckVk x;k gSA bu Hkkxksa dks i<+us] bl ij vkil
esa ckrphr djus vkSj le>us osQ ckn gh vxys v;k; dh 'kq#vkr dhft,A
izR;sd v;k; esa fuEu ij ;ku nhft,A

vfrfjDRk tkudkjh
cgqr ls v;k;ksa esa
jkspd tkudkjh ;qDr
vfrfjDr ckWDl fn,
x, gSaA

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ifjHkk"kk
oqQN v;k;ksa esa
ifjHkk"kk, nh xbZ gSAa

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ksr ckWDl

cgqr ls v;k;ksa esa ksr ls ,d va'k fn;k x;k

gSA bUgha osQ vk/kj ij bfrgkldkj] bfrgkl
fy[krs gSaA bUgsa ;ku ls i<+dj] buesa fn, x,
iz'uksa ij ppkZ dhft,A
gekjs cgqr lkjs ksr] fp=kksa osQ :i esa gSaA izR;sd
fp=k dh viuh ,d dgkuh gSA

no
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vkidks oqQN v;k;ksa esa ekufp=k

Hkh feysxas As bUgsa ;kuiwod
Z ns[kdj
vius v;k; esa crk, x, LFkkuksa
dks <wf <,A
xii

izR;sd v;k; esa

oqQN varufgr iz'u
,oa f;kdyki fn,
x, gSa] ftUgsa fo'ks"k
:i ls n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
bu ij fopkj&foe'kZ
osQ fy, oqQN le;
nhft,A

izR;sd v;k; osQ var esa ,d ^vU;=k* uked [kaM fn;k x;k
gSA vki vius v;k; esa ftu ?kVukvksa dks i<+ jgs gSa] mUgha fnuksa
esa nqfu;k osQ vU; Hkkxksa esa dkSu&lh ?kVuk, gks jgh Fkh] mldh
,d >yd fn[kkus osQ fy, bls fn;k x;k gSA

dYiuk djsa

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vU;=k

,d NksVk&lk [kaM gS ^dYiuk djs*a

vc vkidh ckjh gS vrhr esa tkdj
ml le; esa thou dk tk;kk
ysus dhA

cht 'kCn

izR;sd v;k; osQ var esa vkidks cht

'kCnksa dh ,d lwph feysxhA ;s vkidks
v;k; esa vk, egoiw.kZ fopkjks@a fo"k;ksa
dh fiQj ls ;kn fnyk,xAs

no
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izR;sd v;k; osQ var esa fofHkUu rjg osQ dk;Zdyki fn, x, gSa fiQj
ls ;kn djsa] vkb, le>sa] vkb, fopkj djsa rFkk vkb, djosQ ns[ksaA

bl rjg vkiosQ i<+us] ns[kus] lkspus vkSj djus osQ fy, bl iqLrd esa
cgqr oqQN gSA gesa iwjh vk'kk gS fd vkidks blesa cgqr [kq'kh feysxhA

xiii

xiv

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ISBN 81-7450-755-8

iqueqZ.k
uoacj 2007 dkfrZd 1929
tuojh 2009 ikS"k 1930
PD 180T SC

lokZf/dkj lqjf{kr

izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk bl izdk'ku osQ fdlh Hkkx dks Nkiuk rFkk
bysDVkWfudh] e'khuh] iQksVksizfrfyfi] fjdkWfMZx vFkok fdlh vU; fof/ ls iqu% iz;ksx
ifr }kjk mldk laxzg.k vFkok izlkj.k oftZr gSA
bl iqLrd dh fch bl 'krZ osQ lkFk dh xbZ gS fd izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk
;g iqLrd vius ewy vkoj.k vFkok ftYn osQ vykok fdlh vU; izdkj ls O;kikj }kjk
m/kjh ij] iqufoZ; ;k fdjk, ij u nh tk,xh] u csph tk,xhA
bl izdk'ku dk lgh ewY; bl i`"B ij eqfzr gSA jcM+ dh eqgj vFkok fpidkbZ xbZ iphZ
(fLVdj) ;k fdlh vU; fof/ }kjk vafdr dksbZ Hkh la'kksf/r ewY; xyr gS rFkk ekU;
ugha gksxkA

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izFke laLdj.k
ebZ 2007 T;s"B 1929

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] izdk'ku foHkkx osQ dk;kZy;

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuql/

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u;h fnYyh 110 016 }kjk izdkf'kr rFkk fock izsl]
lh&66@3] vks[kyk baMfLV;y ,fj;k] isQt&II] ubZ fnYyh
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v;{k] izdk'ku foHkkx

is;sVh jktkoqQekj

eq[; mRiknu vfkdkjh

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