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hhss102 PDF
hhss102 PDF
eqXk+ y ckn'kkgksa esa vkSjxa ksc vkf[kjh 'kfDr'kkyh ckn'kkg FksA mUgksua s orZeku
Hkkjr osQ ,d cgqr cM+s fgLls ij fu;a=k.k LFkkfir dj fy;k FkkA 1707 esa
mudh e`R;q osQ ckn cgqr lkjs eqXk+ y lwcns kj vkSj cM+&s cM+s kehankj viuh
rkdr fn[kkus yxs FksA mUgksaus viuh {ks=kh; fj;klrsa dk;e dj yh FkhaA
tSl&s tSls fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa rkdroj {ks=kh; fj;klrsa lkeus vkus yxha] fnYyh
vfkd fnuksa rd izHkkoh osQUnz osQ :i esa ugha jg ldhA
vBkjgoha lnh osQ mRrjkkZ rd jktuhfrd f{kfrt ij vaxsz kksa osQ :i
esa ,d u;h rkdr mHkjus yxh FkhA D;k vki tkurs gSa fd vaxsz k
igys&igy ,d NksVh&lh O;kikfjd oaQiuh osQ :i esa Hkkjr vk, Fks vkSj
;gk osQ bykdksa ij dCks essa mudh T+;knk fnypLih ugha Fkh\ rks fiQj ,slk
oSQls gqvk fd ,d fnu os bl fo'kky lkezkT; osQ Lokeh cu cSB\s bl
v;k; esa vki ns[ksaxs fd ;g oSQls gqvk\
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O;kikj ls lkezkT; rd
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O;kikj ls lkezkT; rd
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O;kikj ls ;qksa rd
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vBkjgoha lnh dh 'kq#vkr esa oaQiuh vkSj caxky osQ uokcksa dk Vdjko
dkiQh c<+ x;k FkkA vkSjaxksc dh e`R;q osQ ckn caxky osQ uokc viuh
rkdr fn[kkus yxs FksA ml le; nwljh {ks=kh; rkdrksa dh fLFkfr Hkh ,slh
gh FkhA eqf'kZn oqQyh [kku osQ ckn vyh onhZ [kku vkSj mlosQ ckn
fljktqkSyk caxky osQ uokc cusA ;s lHkh 'kfDRk'kkyh 'kkld FksA mUgksaus
oaQiuh dks fj;k;rsa nsus ls euk dj fn;kA O;kikj dk vfkdkj nsus osQ cnys
oaQiuh ls ukjkus ekx]s mls flDds <kyus dk vfkdkj ugha fn;k] vkSj
mldh fdyscanh dks c<+kus ls jksd fn;kA oaQiuh ij kks[kkkM+h dk vkjksi
yxkrs gq, mUgksua s nyhy nh fd mldh otg ls caxky ljdkj dh jktLo
olwyh de gksrh tk jgh gS vkSj uokcksa dh rkdr dekksj iM+ jgh gSA
oaQiuh VSDl pqdkus dks rS;kj ugha Fkh] mlosQ vI+kQljksa us viekutud
fpfV~B;k fy[kha vkSj uokcksa o muosQ vfkdkfj;ksa dks viekfur djus dk
iz;kl fd;kA
oaQiuh dk dguk Fkk fd LFkkuh; vfkdkfj;ksa dh csrd
q h ekxksa ls oaQiuh
dk O;kikj rckg gks jgk gSA O;kikj rHkh iQy&iwQy ldrk gS tc ljdkj
'kqYd gVk ysA oaQiuh dks bl ckr dk Hkh ;dhu Fkk fd viuk O;kikj
iSQykus osQ fy, mls viuh vkcknh c<+kuh gksxhA xko [+kjhnus gksxa s vkSj
fdyksa dk iqufuZekZ.k djuk gksxkA
;s Vdjko fnuksfnu xaHkhj gksrs x, vUrr% bu Vdjkoksa dh ifj.kfr
Iyklh osQ izfl ;q osQ :i esa gqbAZ
Iyklh dk ;q
1756 esa vyh onhZ [kku dh e`R;q osQ ckn fljktqkSyk caxky osQ uokc
cusA oaQiuh dks fljktqkSyk dh rkdr ls dkiQh Hk; FkkA fljktqkSyk dh
txg oaQiuh ,d ,slk dBiqryh uokc pkgrh Fkh tks mls O;kikfjd
fj;k;rsa vkSj vU; lqfokk, vklkuh ls nsus esa vkukdkuh u djsA oaQiuh us
iz;kl fd;k fd fljktqkSyk osQ izfr}af};ksa esa ls fdlh dks uokc cuk fn;k
tk,A oaQiuh dks dke;kch ugha feyhA tokc esa fljktqkSyk us gqDe fn;k
fd oaQiuh muds jkT; osQ jktuhfrd ekeyksa esa Vkx vM+kuk can dj ns]
fdyscanh jksosQ vkSj ckdk;nk jktLo pqdk,A tc nksuksa i{k ihNs gVus dks
rS;kj ugha gq, rks vius 30]000 flikfg;ksa osQ lkFk uokc us dkfle ckkkj
esa fLFkr bafXy'k iSQDVjh ij geyk cksy fn;kA uokc dh iQkStksa us oaQiuh
osQ vi+Qljksa dks fxj+rkj dj fy;k] xksnke ij rkyk Mky fn;k] vaxsz kksa osQ
gfFk;kj Nhu fy, vkSj vaxsz k tgkkksa dks ?ksjs esa ys fy;kA blosQ ckn uokc
us oaQiuh osQ dydRrk fLFkr fdys ij OkQCks osQ fy, mkj dk #[k fd;kA
dydRrk osQ gkFk ls fudy tkus dh [+kcj lquus ij enzkl esa rSukr
oaQiuh osQ vi+Qljksa us Hkh jkWcVZ Dykbo osQ usrR` o esa lsukvksa dks jokuk dj
fn;kA bl lsuk dks ukSlfS ud csM+s dh enn Hkh fey jgh FkhA blosQ ckn
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uokc osQ lkFk yacs le; rd lkSnsckth pyhA vkf[kjdkj 1757 esa jkWcVZ Dykbo us
Iyklh osQ eSnku esa fljktqkSyk osQ f[+kyki+Q oaQiuh dh lsuk dk usr`Ro fd;kA uokc
fljktqkSyk dh gkj dk ,d cM+k dkj.k mlosQ lsukifr;ksa esa ls ,d lsukifr ehj tkI+kQj
dh dkjxqtkfj;k Hkh FkhaaA ehj tkI+kQj dh VqdfM+;ksa us bl ;q esa fgLlk ugha fy;kA jkWcVZ
Dykbo us ;g dgdj mls vius lkFk feyk fy;k Fkk fd fljktqkSyk dks gVk dj ehj
tkI+kQj dks uokc cuk fn;k tk,xkA
ksr 1
laiUurk dk vk'oklu
baXySaM osQ yksx bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh dh 'kkldh; egRokdka{kkvksa dks lansg
vkSj vfo'okl ls ns[krs FksA Iyklh dh yM+kbZ osQ ckn jkWcVZ Dykbo us
vaxzsk lezkV osQ ,d eq[; fons'k ea=kh fofy;e fiV dks 7 tuojh
1759 dks dydRrs ls ;g fpV~Bh Hksth Fkh %
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ksr 2
uokc dh f'kdk;rsa
1733 esa caxky osQ uokc us
bafXy'k O;kikfj;ksa osQ ckjs esa
;g dgk Fkk%
tc os igyh ckj gekjs
ns'k esa vk, Fks rks mUgksaus
ljdkj osQ lkeus fourh
djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd
mUgsa ,d iSQDVjh cukus
osQ fy, FkksM+h&lh kehu
ns nh tk,A mUgsa og kehu
rks fey xbZ ij mUgksaus rks
ogk ekcwr fOk+ Qyk gh [kM+k
dj MkykA blosQ pkjksa
rjiQ xM~<s cuk fn;s tks
unh ls tqM+rs gSaA nhokjksa
ij mUgksaus u tkus fdruh
rksisa rSukr dj nh gSaA
mUgksaus cgqr lkjs lkSnkxjksa
vkSj vU; yksxksa dks vius
ekrgr jgus osQ fy, rS;kj
dj fy;k gS vkSj og
,d yk[k #i;s jktLo
olwy dj jgs gSa---- os
vla[; vkSjrksa vkSj enks
dks muosQ gh ns'k esa Xk+ y
q ke
cukdj ywV&[klksV jgs gSAa
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Iyklh osQ ;q osQ ckn caxky osQ vlyh uokcksa dks bl ckr osQ fy,
ck; dj fn;k x;k fd os oaQiuh osQ vi+Qljksa dks futh rksgisQ osQ rkSj ij
kehu vkSj cgqr lkjk iSlk nsaA [kqn jkWcVZ Dykbo us gh Hkkjr esa csfglkc
nkSyr tek dj yh FkhA 1743 esa tc og baXySaM ls enzkl (vc pSUubZ)
vk;k Fkk rks mldh mez 18 lky FkhA 1767 esa tc og nks ckj xouZj
cuus osQ ckn ges'kk ds fy, Hkkjr ls jokuk gqvk rks ;gk mldh nkSyr
401]102 ikSaM osQ cjkcj FkhA fnypLi ckr ;g gS fd xouZj osQ vius
nwljs dk;Zdky esa mls oaQiuh osQ Hkhrj iSQys Hkz"Vkpkj dks [kRe djus dk
dke lkSaik x;k FkkA ysfdu 1772 esa fczfV'k laln esa mls [kqn Hkz"Vkpkj
ds vkjksiksa ij viuh lI+kQkbZ nsuh iM+hA ljdkj dks mldh vdwr laifRr
osQ ksr lansgkLin yx jgs FksA mls Hkz"Vkpkj vkjksiksa ls cjh rks dj fn;k
x;k ysfdu 1774 esa mlus vkRegR;k dj yhA
oaQiuh osQ lHkh vi+Qlj Dykbo dh rjg nkSyr bdV~Bk ugha dj ik,A
cgqr lkjh chekfj;ksa vkSj yM+kbZ osQ dkj.k de mez esa gh ekSr dk fuokyk
cu x,A blosQ vykok mu lHkh dks Hkz"V vkSj csbeZ ku ekuuk Hkh lgh ugha
gksxkA muesa ls cgqr lkjs vI+kQlj lk/kj.k ifjokjksa ls vk, FksA mudh lcls
cM+h bPNk cl ;gh Fkh fd os Hkkjr esa Bhd&Bkd iSlk dek, vkSj fczVus
ykSVdj vkjke dh fkanxh clj djsaA tks thrs th ku&nkSyr ysdj okil
ykSV x, mUgksua s ogk vkyh'kku thou ft;kA mUgsa ogk osQ yksx uckWc
dgrs FksA ;g Hkkjrh; 'kCn ^uokc* dk gh vaxsz kh laLdj.k cu x;k FkkA
mUgsa yksx vdlj u, vehjksa vkSj lkekftd gSfl;r esa jkrks&a jkr mQij
vkus okys yksxksa osQ :i esa ns[krs FksA ukVdksa vkSj dkVwuZ ksa esa mudk ekkd
mM+k;k tkrk FkkA
ksr 3
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;fn ge 1757 ls 1857 osQ chp bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh osQ }kjk Hkkjrh;
jkT;ksa ij dCks dh izfozQ;k dks ns[ksa rks oqQN egRoiw.kZ ckrsa lkeus vkrh gSaA
fdlh vutku bykds esa oaQiuh us lhks lSfud geyk izk;% ugha fd;kA
mlus fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; fj;klr dk vfkxzg.k djus ls igys fofHkUu
jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd vkSj owQVuhfrd lkkuksa dk bLrseky fd;kA
cDlj dh yM+kbZ (1764) osQ ckn oaQiuh us Hkkjrh; fj;klrksa esa
jsfkMsaV rSukr dj fn;sA ;s oaQiuh osQ jktuhfrd ;k O;kolkf;d izfrfufk
gksrs FksA mudk dke oaQiuh osQ fgrksa dh j{kk djuk vkSj mUgsa vkxs c<+kuk
FkkA jfkMsaV osQ ek;e ls oaQiuh osQ vfkdkjh Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa osQ Hkhrjh
ekeyksa esa Hkh n[ky nsus yxs FksA vxyk jktk dkSu gksxk] fdl in ij
fdldks fcBk;k tk,xk] bl rjg dh phksa Hkh oaQiuh osQ vi+Qlj gh r;
djuk pkgrs FksA dbZ ckj oaQiuh us fj;klrksa ij lgk;d laf/ Hkh Fkksi
nhA tks fj;klr bl cankscLr dks eku ysrh Fkh mls viuh Lora=k lsuk,
j[kus dk vfkdkj ugha jgrk FkkA mls oaQiuh dh rjiQ ls lqj{kk feyrh
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ml fLFkfr dh dYiuk
dhft, tgk Iyklh dh thr
us eq>s yk [kM+k dj fn;k
Fkk! ,d rkdroj jktk esjs
b'kkjksa ij py jgk Fkk_ ,d
laiUu 'kgj esjh n;k ij
FkkA mlosQ lcls nkSyrean
egktu es j h ,d&,d
eqLoqQjkgV osQ fy, ,d&nwljs
dh fxjscku [khap jgs FksA eSa
,sls [kkkuksa osQ chp ls xqkj
jgk Fkk tks flI+kZQ esjs fy,
[kqys gq, Fks] ,d rjiQ lksuk
vkSj nwljh rjiQ tokgjkr
Fks! v;{k egksn;] eSa vius
bl la;e dks ns[kdj [kqn
gSjku gwA
xfrfofk
15
Fkh vkSj lgk;d lsuk osQ j[kj[kko osQ fy, og oaQiuh dks iSlk nsrh
FkhA vxj Hkkjrh; 'kkld jde vnk djus esa pwd tkrs Fks rks tqekZus osQ
rkSj ij mudk bykdk oaQiuh vius dCks esa ys ysrh FkhA mnkgj.k osQ fy,]
tc fjpMZ osys yh xouZj&tujy (1798&1805) Fkk] ml le; vok
osQ uokc dks 1801 esa viuk vkkk bykdk oaQiuh dks lkSaius osQ fy,
etcwj fd;k x;k D;ksfa d uokc lgk;d lsuk osQ fy, iSlk vnk djus
esa pwd x, FksA blh vkkkj ij gSnjkckn osQ Hkh dbZ bykosQ Nhu fy, x,A
ks=k 4
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oaQiuh }kjk fu;qDr fd, x, jsfkMsUV~l osQ ckjs esa LdkWVySaM osQ
izfl vFkZ'kkL=kh vkSj jktuhfrd nk'kZfud tsEl fey us ;g dgk
Fkk %
njvly jsfkMsUV fj;klr dk jktk gksrk gSA ge mls
vgLr{ksi dh eupkgh fu"kskkKk osQ rgr dke djus dh
NwV nsrs gSaA tc rd LFkkuh; jktk iwjh rjg vkhuLFk
jgrk gS vkSj jsfkMsUV ;kuh fczfV'k ljdkj osQ ekfI+kQd
dke djrk gS rks phksa vkjke ls pyrh jgrh gSaA 'kklu
osQ dkeksa esa jsfkMsUV dh n[kyankth osQ fcuk lc oqQN
py tkrk gS---- tc Hkh oqQN vyx rjg dk ?kVrk gS]
tc Hkh jktk dksbZ ,slk jkLrk viukrk gS ftls fczfV'k
ljdkj xyr ekurh gS rks Vdjko vkSj mFky&iqFky iSnk
gks tkrh gSA
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fp=k 7 & Vhiw lqYrkuA
16
tc oaQiuh dks vius jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd fgrksa ij [krjk fn[kkbZ fn;k
rks oaQiuh us izR;{k lSfud Vdjko dk jkLrk Hkh viuk;kA nf{k.k Hkkjrh;
jkT; eSlwj osQ mnkgj.k ls ;g ckr le>h tk ldrh gSA
gSnj vyh ('kklu dky 1761 ls 1782) vkSj muosQ fo[;kr iq=k Vhiw
lqYrku ('kklu dky 1782 ls 1799) tSls 'kfDr'kkyh 'kkldksa osQ usrR` o esa
eSljw dkiQh rkdroj gks pqdk FkkA ekykckj rV ij gksus okyk O;kikj eSljw
fj;klr osQ fu;a=k.k esa Fkk tgk ls oaQiuh dkyh fepZ vkSj byk;ph [+kjhnrh
FkhA 1785 esa Vhiw lqYrku us viuh fj;klr esa iM+us okys canjxkgksa ls panu
dh ydM+h] dkyh fepZ vkSj byk;ph dk fu;kZr jksd fn;kA lqYrku us
LFkkuh; lkSnkxjksa dks Hkh oaQiuh osQ lkFk dkjksckj djus ls jksd fn;k FkkA Vhiw
lqYrku us Hkkjr esa jgus okys i+Qz kalhlh O;kikfj;ksa ls ?kfu"B laca k fodflr
fd, vkSj mudh enn ls viuh lsuk dk vkkqfudhdj.k fd;kA
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lqYrku osQ bu dneksa ls vaxsz k vkx&ccwyk gks x,A mUgsa gSnj vyh
vkSj Vhiw lqYrku cgqr egRokdka{kh] ?ke.Mh vkSj [+krjukd fn[kkbZ nsrs FksA
vaxsz kksa dks yxrk Fkk fd ,sls jktkvksa dks fu;af=kr djuk vkSj oqQpyuk
k:jh gSA iQyLo:i] eSlwj osQ lkFk vaxsz kksa dh pkj ckj tax gqbZ
(1767&69] 1780&84] 1790&92 vkSj 1799)A JhjaxiV~e dh vkf[kjh
tax esa oaQiuh dks liQyrk feyhA viuh jktkkuh dh j{kk djrs gq, Vhiw
lqYrku ekjs x, vkSj eSlwj dk jktdkt iqjkus oksfM;kj jktoa'k osQ gkFkksa esa
lkSai fn;k x;kA blosQ lkFk gh eSlwj ij Hkh lgk;d laf/ Fkksi nh xbZA
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Vhiw dh dgkfu;k
jktkvks a dh Nfo vdlj
tuJqfr;ksa ls Hkh curh gSA izpfyr
fdLlksa esa mudh rkdr dk [kwc
;'kxku fd;k tkrk gSA 1782 esa
eSljw osQ jktk cus Vhiw lqYrku
osQ ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd ,d
ckj os vius iz+Qkalhlh nksLr osQ
lkFk taxy esa f'kdkj [ksyus x,
FksA ogk ,d 'ksj muosQ lkeus
vk x;kA mudh cand
w us ekSds
ij lkFk ugha fn;k vkSj dVkj
Hkh kehu ij fxj xbZA fiQj Hkh
Vhiw us fugRFks gh 'ksj dk eqdkcyk
fd;k vkSj vkf[kjdkj dVkj mBk
yhA var esa mUgksua s 'ksj dks ekj
fxjk;kA blh osQ ckn ls mUgsa
'ksj&,&eSljw dgk tkus yxk
FkkA muosQ jktlh >aMs ij Hkh
'ksj dh rlohj gksrh FkhA
O;kikj ls lkezkT; rd
17
.xfrfofk
ejkBksa ls yM+kbZ
vBkjgoha 'krkCnh osQ vkf[kj ls oaQiuh ejkBksa dh rkdr dks Hkh Ok+ Qkcw vkSj
[kRe djus osQ ckjs esa lkspus yxh FkhA 1761 esa ikuhir dh rhljh yM+kbZ
esa gkj osQ ckn fnYyh ls ns'k dk 'kklu pykus dk ejkBksa dk liuk
pwj&pwj gks x;kA mUgsa dbZ jkT;ksa esa ckV fn;k x;kA bu jkT;ksa dh ckxMksj
flafk;k] gksydj] xk;dokM vkSj Hkksalys tSls vyx&vyx jktoa'kksa osQ
gkFkksa esa FkhA ;s lkjs ljnkj ,d is'kok (loksPZ p ea=kh) osQ varxZr ,d
dUI+kQs Mjslh(jkT;e.My) osQ lnL; FksA is'kok bl jkT;e.My dk lSfud
vkSj iz'kkldh; izeq[k gksrk Fkk vkSj iq.ks esa jgrk FkkA egkn~th flafk;k vkSj
ukuk iQM+uhl vBkjgoha lnh osQ vkf[kj osQ nks izfl ejkBk ;ksk vkSj
jktuhfrK FksA
,d osQ ckn ,d dbZ ;qksa esa daiuh us ejkBksa dks ?kqVus Vsdus ij
etcwj dj fn;kA igyk ;q 1782 esa lkyckbZ lafk osQ lkFk [kRe gqvk
ftlesa dksbZ i{k ugha thr ik;kA nwljk vaxsz k&ejkBk ;q (1803&05) dbZ
ekspks ij yM+k x;kA bldk urhtk ;g gqvk fd mM+hlk vkSj ;equk osQ
mRrj esa fLFkr vkxjk o fnYyh lfgr dbZ HkwHkkx vaxsz kksa osQ dCks esa vk
x,A varr%] 1817&19 osQ rhljs vaxsz k&ejkBk ;q esa ejkBksa dh rkdr dks
iwjh rjg oqQpy fn;k x;kA is'kok dks iq.ks ls gVkdj dkuiqj osQ ikl fcBwj
esa isa'ku ij Hkst fn;k x;kA vc foa; osQ nf{k.k esa fLFkr iwjs HkwHkkx ij
oaQiuh dk fu;a=k.k gks pqdk FkkA
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fp=k 10 & ykWMZ gsfLVaXlA
18
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foy; uhfr
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xfrfofk
dYiuk dhft, fd vki uokc osQ Hkrhts gSAa vkidks cpiu ls gh
;g ,glkl djk;k x;k gS fd ,d fnu vki jktxh lHkkysxa As vc
vkidks irk pyrk gS fd foy; uhfr osQ dkj.k vaxsz k vkidks jktk
ugha cuus nsxa As vkidks oSQlk yxsxk\ jktxh ikus osQ fy, vki D;k
djsxa \s
O;kikj ls lkezkT; rd
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fp=k 11 (a)
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fp=k 11 (c)
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fp=k 11 (b)
fp=k 11 (a), (b), (c) & Hkkjr esa vaxzskksa dh iSQyrh lRrk,A
bu uD'kksa dks Hkkjr osQ orZeku jktuhfrd uD'ks osQ lkFk
j[kdj ns[ksaA rhuksa uD'kksa esa mu bykdksa dh igpku djsa tks
fczfV'k 'kklu osQ varxZr ugha FksA
u, 'kklu dh LFkkiuk
xouZj&tujy okWjus gsfLVaXl (1773&1785) mu cgqr lkjs egRoiw.kZ
O;fDr;ksa esa ls Fkk ftUgksua s oaQiuh dh rkdr iSQykus esa vge Hkwfedk vnk
dh FkhA okWjus gsfLVaXl osQ le; rd vkrs&vkrs oaQiuh u osQoy caxky
cfYd cEcbZ vkSj enzkl esa Hkh lRrk gkfly dj pqdh FkhA fczfV'k bykosQ
eksVs rkSj ij iz'kkldh; bdkb;ksa esa cVs gq, Fks ftUgsa izsfkMsalh dgk tkrk
FkkA ml le; rhu izsfkMsalh Fkha & caxky] enzkl vkSj cEcbZA gjsd dk
'kklu xouZj osQ ikl gksrk FkkA lcls mQij xouZj&tujy gksrk FkkA okWjsu
gsfLVaXl us dbZ iz'kkldh; lqkkj fd,A U;k; osQ {ks=k esa mlds lqkkj
[+kklrkSj ls mYys[kuh; FksA
1772 ls ,d u;h U;k; O;oLFkk LFkkfir dh xbZA bl O;oLFkk esa
izkokku fd;k x;k fd gj ftys esa nks vnkyrsa gksaxh & I+kQkStnkjh vnkyr
vkSj nhokuh vnkyrA nhokuh vnkyrksa osQ eqf[k;k ;wjksih; fkyk dysDVj
gksrs FksA ekSyoh vkSj fganw iafMr muosQ fy, Hkkjrh; dkuwuksa dh O;k[;k
djrs FksA I+kQkStnkjh vnkyrsa vHkh Hkh dkkh vkSj eq+rh osQ gh varxZr Fkha
ysfdu os Hkh dysDVj dh fuxjkuh esa dke djrs FksA
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fp=k 12 & okWjsu gsfLVaXl ij eqdnek] vkj-th- ikWykMZ }kjk fpf=kr] 1789tc okWjus gsfLVaXl 1785 esa baXySMa ykSVk rks ,sMeaM cosQZ us ml ij caxky dk 'kklu lgh <ax ls u pykus dk vkjksi tM+
fn;kA bl vkjksi osQ pyrs gsfLVaXl ij fczfV'k laln esa egkfHk;ksx dk eqdnek pyk;k x;k tks lkr lky pykA
O;kikj ls lkezkT; rd
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ksr 5
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oaQiuh dh I+kQkSt
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oaQiuh osQ lkFk Hkkjr esa 'kklu vkSj lqkkj osQ u, fopkj rks vk, ysfdu
mldh vlyh lRrk lSfud rkdr esa FkhA eqXk+ y I+kQkSt eq[; :i ls
?kqMl
+ okj (lokj % ?kksM+s ij pyus okys izf'kf{kr) vkSj iSny lsuk FkhA
mUgsa rhjankth vkSj ryokjckkh dk izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk FkkA lsuk esa lokjksa
dk ncnck jgrk Fkk vkSj eqX+ky lkezkT; dks ,d fo'kky is'ksoj izf'k{k.k
okyh iSny lsuk dh k:jr eglwl ugha gksrh FkhA xzkeh.k bykdksa esa l'kL=k
fdlkuksa dh cM+h la[;k FkhA LFkkuh; kehankj eqX+kyksa dks k:jr iM+us ij
iSny flikgh eqg;S k djkrs FksA
vBkjgoha lnh esa tc vok vkSj cukjl tSlh fj;klrksa esa fdlkuksa dks
HkrhZ djosQ mUgsa is'ksoj lSfud izf'k{k.k fn;k tkus yxk rks ;g lwjr cnyus
yxhA bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh us tc viuh lsuk osQ fy, HkrhZ 'kq: dh rks mlus
Hkh ;gh rjhdk viuk;kA vaxsz k viuh lsuk dks flikW; (tks Hkkjrh; 'kCn
^flikgh* ls gh cuk gS) vkehZ dgrs FksA
1820 osQ n'kd ls tSl&s tSls ;q rduhd cnyus yxh oaQiuh dh
lsuk esa ?kqM+lokj VqdfM+;ksa dh k:jr de gksrh xbZA bldh otg ;g Fkh
fd fczfV'k lkezkT; cekZ] viQxkfuLrku vkSj fe esa Hkh yM+ jgk Fkk tgk
flikgh eLosQV (rksMns+ kj cand
w ) vkSj eSpykWd ls ySl gksrs FksA oaQiuh dh
lsuk osQ flikfg;ksa dks cnyrh lSfud vko';drkvksa dk ;ku j[kuk iM+rk
Fkk vkSj vc mldh iSny VqdM+h T+;knk egRoiw.kZ gksrh tk jgh FkhA
mUuhloha lnh dh 'kq#vkr esa vaxsz k ,d le:i lSfud laLo`Qfr
fodflr djus yxs FksA flikfg;ksa dks ;wjksih; <ax dk izf'k{k.k] vH;kl
vkSj vuq'kklu fl[kk;k tkus yxkA vc mudk thou igys ls Hkh T+;knk
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fu;af=kr FkkA bl dksf'k'k esa dHkh&dHkh leL;k, Hkh vk tkrh Fkha D;ksafd
is'ksoj flikfg;ksa dh lsuk [kM+k djus osQ pDdj esa vaxsz k dbZ ckj tkfr
vkSj leqnk; dh Hkkoukvksa dks ukjvankk dj nsrs FksA Hkyk yksx viuh
tkrh; vkSj kkfeZd Hkkoukvksa dks bruh vklkuh ls dSls NksM+ ldrs Fks\
D;k os [kqn dks vius leqnk; dk lnL; ekuus dh ctk; fli+QZ flikgh
eku ldrs Fks\
flikgh D;k eglwl djrs Fks\ vius thou vkSj viuh igpku] ;kuh
os dkSu gSa] bl ckr ds vglkl esa tks cnyko vk jgs Fks mudks flikfg;ksa
us fdl rjg ns[kk\ 1857 dk fonzksg gesa flikfg;ksa dh bl nqfu;k dh
>yd fn[kkrk gSA bl fonzksg osQ ckjs esa vki v;k; 5 esa i<+saxsA
fu"d"kZ
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O;kikj ls lkezkT; rd
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vU;=k
nf{k.k vizQhdk esa nkl O;kikj
Mp O;kikjh l=kgoha lnh esa nf{k.k vizQhdk igqp
As
tYn gh nkl O;kikj 'kq: gks x;kA yksxksa dks cakd
cukdj tathjksa esa ck/dj nkl ckkkjksa esa cspk tkus
yxkA 1834 esa nkl izFkk osQ vUr osQ le;
vizQhdk osQ nf{k.kh fljs ij fLFkr osQi esa futh
LokfeRo esa nklksa dh la[;k 36]774 FkhA
1824 esa osQi vkus okys ,d ;k=kh us ogk gksus
okyh uhykeh dk vk[kksa ns[kk C;ksjk izLrqr fd;k gS&
;g ekywe gksus ij fd i'kqvks]a o`Qf"k mRiknksa
dh uhykeh gksus okyh gS--- geus viuh xkM+h u, cSy [kjhnus osQ fy, jksd yhA uhykeh osQ eky
esa ,d L=kh&nkl vkSj mlosQ rhu cPps FksA fdlkuksa us i'kqvksa osQ leku gh mUgsa ij[kkA mUgsa
vyx&vyx [kjhnkjksa dks csp fn;k x;kA ek us fpUrk] osnuk vkSj vklw Hkjh vk[kksa ls cPPkksa dh rjiQ
ns[kkA nq[kh cPps O;koqQy ek&cki ls fpid x;sA ;g n`'; fny dks fi?kykus okyk FkkA blosQ foijhr
ekStnw n'kZdksa osQ psgjs glrs gq;s ,oa vlaons u'khy FksA
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ukbZty oksMZu }kjk fyf[kr] n psul nsV ckbaM vl % , fgLVh vkWiQ lysojh ,V n osQi] 1996
1-
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Vhiw lqYrku
HkwjktLo olwy djus dk vfkdkj
flikW;
Hkkjr dk igyk xouZj&tujy
I+kQkStnkjh vnkyr
fdRrwj esa vaxszk&fojkskh vkanksyu dk
usr`Ro fd;k
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;wjksih; O;kikfjd oaQifu;k Hkkjr dh rjiQ D;ksa vkdf"kZr gks jgh Fkha\
5-
caxky osQ uokcksa vkSj bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh osQ chp fdu ckrksa ij fookn Fks\
6-
nhokuh feyus ls bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh dks fdl rjg IkQk;nk igqpk\
7-
bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh Vhiw lqYrku dks [krjk D;ksa ekurh Fkh\
8-
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oaQiuh dk 'kklu Hkkjrh; jktkvksa osQ 'kklu ls fdl rjg vyx Fkk\
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caxky esa vaxzskksa dh thr osQ ckn dydRrk ,d NksVs ls xko ls cM+s 'kgj esa rCnhy
gks x;kA vkSifuosf'kd dky osQ nkSjku 'kgj osQ ;wjksih; vkSj Hkkjrh; fuokfl;ksa dh
laLo`Qfr] f'kYi vkSj thou osQ ckjs esa irk yxk,A
fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdlh osQ ckjs esa rlohjsa] dgkfu;k] dfork, vkSj tkudkfj;k bdV~Bk
djsa & >klh dh jkuh] egknth flafk;k] gSnj vyh] egkjktk j.kthr flag] ykWMZ MygkSkh
;k vkiosQ bykosQ dk dksbZ iqjkuk 'kkldA
O;kikj ls lkezkT; rd
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