7

jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

bl v;k; dks i<+us osQ ckn vki

jkstxkj fo"k;d ewy vokkj.kkvksa dks le>saxs] tks vkfFkZd xfrfofk;ksa] etnwj]
Je'kfDr vkSj csjkstxkjh ls lacafkr gSa_
fofHkUu {ks=kdksa dh vkfFkZd xfrfofk;ksa esa iq#"kksa vkSj efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh osQ
Lo:i ls ifjpr gksaxs_
csjkstxkjh osQ Lo:i vkSj foLrkj dks tku ik,xs vkSj
ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa vkSj {ks=kdksa esa jkstxkj osQ voljksa dk l`tu djus osQ fy,
ljdkj }kjk mBk, x, dneksa dk ewY;kadu djus ;ksX; gks ik;saxsA

2015-16

esjh vkifk e'khu ls ugha] e'khu osQ izfr lud dks ysdj gSA blh lud dk uke Je dk cpr djus
okyh e'khusa gSAa ge ml lhek rd Je dh cpr djrs tk,xs] tc rd fd gtkjksa yksx csjkstxkj gksdj Hkw[kksa
ejus osQ fy, lM+dksa ij ugha isQa d fn, tkrs A
&egkRek xkkh

7-1 ifjp;
yksx rjg&rjg osQ dke djrs gSAa oqQN
yksx [ksrks]a dkj[kkuks]a cSd
a ks]a nqdkuksa vkfn
vusd dkj osQ dk;ZLFkyksa ij dke
djrs gSAa oqQN O;fDr ?kj ij Hkh vU;
dke djrs gSaA ?kj ij gksus okys dke
vc cqukbZ] iQhrs cukuk ;k gLrdykvksa
tSls ikjaifjd dkeksa rd lhfer ugha
jg x, gS]a cfYd buesa lwpuk&kS|ksfxdh
m|ksx osQ ksxkz e cukus tSls vkkqfud
fp=k 7-1 cgqjk"Vh; daifu;k iatkc osQ tkyakj 'kgj osQ ,d ?kj esa fufeZr
dke Hkh 'kkfey gks pqosQ gSAa igys
iqQVcky dh fch djrh gSa
dkj[kkus esa dke djus dk vFkZ fdlh 'kgj esa
fLFkr deZ'kkyk esa dke djuk gksrk Fkk] drq fodkl esa fgLlsnkj curk gSA ;gh lgh vFkks esa
vc rks kS|ksfxdh; ifjorZuksa us xko ds ?kj esa vkthfodk miktZu gSA ge osQoy vius fy, dke
gh vkS|ksfxd mRiknu laHko cuk fn;k gSA
ugha djrs_ vius ij fuHkZj O;fDr;ksa dh
O;fDr dk;Z D;ksa djrs gSa\ dk;Z dh gekjs vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy, dk;Z djosQ
O;fDrxr vkSj lkekftd thou esa ,d egoiw.kZ Hkh miyfCk dk vuqHko djrs gSAa dk;Z osQ blh
Hkwfedk gSA yksx vkthfodk osQ fy, dk;Z ego dks le> dj egkRek xkkh us f'k{kk vkSj
djrs gaSA oqQN yksxksa dks mkjkfkdkj osQ ek;e gLrdykvksa lfgr fofHkUu dkj osQ dkeksa osQ
ls] dk;Z fd, fcuk Hkh] ku fey tkrk gSA ek;e ls f'k{k.k ij cy fn;k FkkA
drq] ,sls ku ls fdlh dks iw.kZ larks"k ugha
dk;Z dj jgs O;fDr;ksa osQ v;;u ls gesa
gksrkA fdlh dk;Z ls tqM+k jguk] gesa viuh ns'k esa jkstxkj dh fr vkSj xq.kokk osQ fo"k;
lkFkZdrk dh vuqHkwfr nku djrk gS & blh esa ,d xgjh varnZf` "V kIr gksrh gSA blls gesa
osQ ek;e ls ge vU; O;fDr;ksa ls lgh vFkks vius ekuoh; lalkkuksa dks tkuus vkSj muosQ
esa laidZ LFkkfir djrs gSaA R;sd dk;Zjr mi;qDr ;ksx dh ;kstuk, cukus esa Hkh lgk;rk
O;fDr lf; :i ls jk"Vh; vk; esa ;ksxnku feyrh gSA blls fofHkUu m|ksxksa rFkk {ks=kdksa osQ
djrk gSA blh osQ ek;e ls og fofHkUu jk"Vh; vk; esa ;ksxnku dk fo'ys"k.k djus esa Hkh
vkfFkZd f;kvksa esa Hkkx ysdj ns'k osQ vkfFkZd lgk;rk feyrh gSA ;s lekt osQ lhekar&oxks]
jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

121

2015-16

cky&Jfedksa vkfn osQ 'kks"k.k dh leL;kvksa dk

funku djus esa Hkh lgk;d fl gksrs gSAa

7-2 Jfed vkSj jkstxkj

jkstxkj D;k gS\ Jfed dkSu gksrk gS\ tc ,d
fdlku [ksrksa esa dke djrk gS rks og [kk|kUu
vkSj m|ksxksa osQ fy, dPps eky dk mRiknu
djrk gSA dikl gh diM+s osQ dkj[kkuksa vkSj
fo|qrdj?kksa esa diM+s dk :i kkj.k dj ysrk
gSA xkfM+;k lkeku dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku
rd igqpkrh gSaA ge tkurs gSa fd fdlh ns'k
esa ,d o"kZ esa mRikfnr lHkh oLrqvksa vkSj
lsokvksa dk oqQy ekSfnzd ewY; bldk ^ldy
?kjsyw mRikn* dgykrk gSA gesa fu;kZr osQ fy,
ewY; kIr gksrk gS vkSj vk;kr dk ewY;
pqdkuk iM+rk gS] blesa ge ns[krs gSa fd ns'k
dk fuoy vtZu kukRed gks ldrk gS (;fn
fu;kZr dk ewY; vk;kr dh vis{kk vfkd
jgs) ;k .kkRed gks ldrk gS (;fn vk;kr
dk ewY; fu;kZr dh vis{kk vfkd jgs) ;k
'kwU; gks ldrk gS (;fn vk;kr vkSj fu;kZr osQ
ewY; leku gksa)A ge izkIr vtZuksa dk ;ksx
djrs gSa ($ ;k &) rks gesa ml o"kZ osQ fy,
ns'k dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn izkIr gksrk gSA
ldy jk"Vh; mRikn esa ;ksxnku nsus okys
lHkh f;kdykiksa dks ge vkfFkZd f;k,
dgrs gSaA os lHkh O;fDr tks vkfFkZd f;kvksa
ls layXu gkssrs gSa] Jfed dgykrs gSa] pkgs os
mPp ;k fuEu fdlh Hkh Lrj ij dk;Z dj jgs
gSaA ;fn buesa ls oqQN yksx chekjh] k[e gksus
vkfn 'kkjhfjd d"Vksa] [kjkc ekSle] R;kSgkj ;k
lkekftd&kkfeZd mRloksa osQ dkj.k vLFkk;h
122

:i ls dke ij ugha vk ikrs] rks Hkh mUgsa

Jfed gh ekuk tkrk gSA bu dkeksa esa yxs
eq[; Jfedksa dh lgk;rk djus okyksa dks Hkh
ge Jfed gh ekurs gSaA vkerkSj ij ge ,slk
lksprs gaS fd ftUgsa dke osQ cnys fu;kskQk }kjk
oqQN Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS] mUgsa Jfed dgk
tkrk gSA ij ,slk ugha gSA tks O;fDr Lo&fu;ksftr
gksrs gSa] os Hkh Jfed gh gksrs gSaA
Hkkjr esa jkstxkj dh fr cgqeq[kh gSA
oqQN yksxksa dks o"kZ Hkj jkstxkj kIr gksrk gS] rks
oqQN yksx o"kZ esa oqQN eghus gh jkstxkj ikrs
gSaA vfkdka'k etnwjksa dks vius dk;Z dh mfpr
etnwjh ugha fey ikrhA oSls Jfedksa dh la[;k
dk vuqeku yxkrs le; ftrus Hkh O;fDr
bUgsa dhft,

vkiosQ ?kj vkSj ikl&iM+ksl esa fdruh gh

efgyk, ,slh gksaxh] ftuosQ ikl rduhdh

fMxzh rFkk fMIyksek gSA muosQ ikl dke
djus osQ fy, le; Hkh gS] ij os oqQN
ugha djrhaA muls iwN dj ns[ksa fd os
dke D;ksa ugha dj jghaA mu lHkh dkj.kksa
dh lwph cuk, vkSj d{kk esa ppkZ djsa fd
D;k mUgsa dke ij tkuk pkfg,A D;ksa vkSj
oSQls mUgsa dke ij Hkstk tk ldrk gSA
oqQN lekt'kkfL=k;ksa dk rks vkxzg gS fd
?kj lHkkyus okyh x`gf.k;ksa dk Hkh jk"Vh;
vk; esa ;ksxnku gksrk gS] os Hkh vkfFkZd
f;kvkasa esa layXu jgh gSaA Hkys gh mUgsa
blosQ fy, osru ugha fey jgk gksA vr%
mUgsa Hkh Jecy dk vax ekuk tkuk pkfg,A
D;k vki blls lger gSa\
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

vkfFkZd dk;ks esa yxs gksrs gSa] mu lcdks

jkstxkj esa yxs yksxksa dh Js.kh esa 'kkfey fd;k
tkrk gSA vki fofHkUu vkfFkZd f;kvksas esa yxs
O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k, tkuus dks mRlqd gksaxsA
o"kZ 2011&12 esa Hkkjr dh oqQy Je&'kfDr
dk vkdkj yxHkx 473 fefy;u vkdk x;k
FkkA D;ksfa d ns'k osQ vfkdka'k yksx xzkeh.k {ks=kksa
esa fuokl djrs gSa] blhfy, xzkeh.k Jecy dk
vuqikr Hkh 'kgjh Jecy ls dgha vfkd gSA
bu 473 fefy;u Jfedksa esa rhu&pkSFkkbZ Jfed
xzkeh.k gSaA Hkkjr esa Je'kfDr esa iq#"kksa dh
cgqyrk gSA Jecy esa yxHkx 70 fr'kr iq#"k
rFkk 'ks"k (blesa efgyk rFkk iq#"k cky Jfedksa
dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS) efgyk, gSaA
xzkeh.k {ks=k esa efgyk Jfed oqQy Jecy dk
,d frgkbZ gS]a rks 'kgjksa esa osQoy 20 fr'kr
efgyk, gh Jecy esa Hkkxhnkj ikbZ xbZ gSAa
efgyk, [kkuk cukus] ikuh ykus] bku chuus osQ
lkFk&lkFk [ksrksa esa Hkh dke djrh gSaA mUgsa

udn ;k vukt osQ :i esa etnwjh ugha

feyrh&fdrus gh ekeyksa esa rks oqQN Hkh Hkqxrku
ugha fd;k tkrkA blh dkj.k bu efgykvksa dks
Jfed oxZ esa Hkh 'kkfey ugha fd;k tkrkA
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk vkxzg gS fd bu efgykvksa dks
Hkh Jfed gh ekuk tkuk pkfg,A

7-3 yksxksa dh jkstxkj esa Hkkxhnkjh

Jfed tual[;k vuqikr ftldk ;ksx ns'k esa
jkstxkj dh fLFkfr osQ fo'ys"k.k osQ fy, lwpd
osQ :i esa fd;k tkrk gS] ;g tkuus esa
lgk;d gS fd tula[;k dk fdruk vuqikr
oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ mRiknu esa lf; :i
ls ;ksxnku ns jgk gSA ;fn ;g vuqikr vfkd
gS] rks bldk rkRi;Z gS turk dh dke esa
Hkkxhnkjh vfkd gksxhA ;fn ;g vuqikr e;e
;k de gks] rks bldk vFkZ gksxk fd ns'k dh
tual[;k dk cgqr vfkd vuqikr R;{k :i
ls vkfFkZd f;kvksa esa layXu ugha gSA

lkj.kh 7-1
Hkkjr esa dk;ZdrkZ tula[;k vuqikr] 2011&2012
dk;ZdrkZ tula[;k vuqikr
fyax

laiw.kZ

xzkeh.k

'kgjh

iq#"k

54-4

54-3

54-6

L=kh

21-9

24-8

14-7

laiw.kZ

38-6

39-9

35-5

lzkrs % dh bafMosQVlZ vkWiQ ,aIykW;esVa ,aM vu,aIykW;esVa bu bafM;k] 2011&12] NSS 68 jkmaM] us'kuy LVsfVfLVdy
vkWjxsukbt+'s ku] us'kuy lsia y losZ vkWfiQl] fefuLVh vkWiQ LVsfVfLVDl ,aM izkxs kz e baIyhesVa 's ku] Hkkjr ljdkj] tuojh 2014
jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

123

2015-16

vkius ^tula[;k* 'kCn dk vFkZ rks fiNyh

d{kkvksa esa i<+ fy;k gksxkA tula[;k 'kCn dk
vfHkk; fdlh {ks=k fo'ks"k esa fdlh le;
fo'ks"k ij jg jgs O;fDr;ksa dh oqQy la[;k ls
gSA ;fn Hkkjr osQ Jfed tula[;k vuqikr dk
vkdyu djuk pkgsa] rks gesa Hkkjr esa dk;Z dj
jgs lHkh Jfedksa dh la[;k dks ns'k dh
tula[;k ls Hkkx dj mls 100 ls xq.kk djuk
gksxkA bl dkj] gesa Jfed tula[;k vuqikr
Kkr gks tk;sxk (7-1lkj.kh ns[ksa)A
lkj.kh 7-1 Hkkjr esa fofHkUu vkfFkZd
f;kvksas esa yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh osQ fofHkUu
Lrjksa dks Li"V dj jgh gSA Hkkjr esa R;sd
100 O;fDr;ksa esa ls yxHkx 39 Jfed gS aA
'kgjh {ks=kksa esa ;g vuqikr 36 gS] tcfd
xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa ;g vuqikr yxHkx 40 gSA
,slk va rj D;ksa gS\ xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa mPp
vk; osQ volj lhfer gSa ] blh dkj.k
jkstxkj ckkkj esa mudh Hkkxhnkjh vfkd
gSA vfkdka'k O;fDr LowQy] egkfo|ky; ;k
fdlh f'k{k.k laLFkku esa ugha tk ikrsA ;fn
oqQN tkrs Hkh gSa rks os chp esa gh NksM+dj
Je'kfDr esa 'kkfey gks tkrs gSaA 'kgjh {ks=kksa
bUgsa dhft,
jkstxkj lacakh dksbZ Hkh v;;u Jfed

tula[;k vuqikr ls gh vkjaHk gksuk pkfg,A

D;ksa\
vkius 'kk;n ns[kk gksxk fd oqQN leqnk;ksa
esa ;fn iq#"kksa dh vk; i;kZIr ugha gks] rks
Hkh os vius ?kj dh efgykvkas dks ckgj
dke djus osQ fy, ugha HkstrsA ,slk D;kas
gksrk gS\
124

esa ,d cM+k Hkkx fofHkUu 'kSf{kd laLFkkvksa esa

v;;u dj ldus es a l{ke gS A 'kgjh
tuleqnk; dks jkstxkj osQ Hkh fofokrkiw.kZ
volj lqyHk gks tkrs gSaA os viuh f'k{kk
vkSj ;ksX;rk osQ vuq:i jkstxkj dh ryk'k esa
jgrs gSaA fdarq xzkeh.k {ks=k osQ yksx ?kj ij
ugha cSB ldrs] D;ksafd mudh vkfFkZd n'kk
mUgsa ,slk ugha djus nsrhA
'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k] nksuksa gh oxkZsa esa iq#"kksa
dh Je'kfDr Hkkxhnkjh efgykvksa dh rqyuk esa
vfkd gSA 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa rks iq#"k vkSj efgyk
Hkkxhnkjh dk varj cgqr gh cM+k gS&osQoy 15
fr'kr 'kgjh efgyk, gh fdlh vkfFkZd dk;Z
esa O;Lr fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA drq] xzkeh.k {ks=kksa
dh efgykvksa dh jkstxkj ckkkj esa Hkkxhnkjh
25 fr'kr vkdh xbZA efgyk, lkekU; vkSj
fo'ks"k :i ls 'kgjksa esa dke D;ksa ugha dj jgh
gSa\ ;g ckr ns[kus esa vkbZ gS fd tgk dgha Hkh
iq#"k i;kZIr :i ls mPp vk; vftZr djus esa
liQy jgrs gSa] ifjokj dh efgykvksa dks ?kj ls
ckgj jkstxkj izkIr djus ls k;% fu#Rlkfgr
fd;k tkrk gSA
geus igys Hkh dgk gS fd efgykvksa }kjk
ifjokj osQ fy, fd, x, vusd dk;ks dks vkfFkZd
;k mRiknu dk;Z gh ugha ekuk tkrkA dk;Z ;k
jkstxkj dh ;g ladh.kZ ifjHkk"kk ns'k esa efgyk&oxZ
dh Jecy esa Hkkxhnkjh dks ugha ekurh rFkk
blfy, ns'k esa efgyk Jfedksa dh la[;k dks de
vkdk tkrk gSA tjk lkspdj nsf[k,] fd ?kj osQ
Hkhrj vkSj [ksrkas esa efgyk, fdrus ,sls dke djrh
gS]a ftudk mUgsa dksbZ Hkqxrku ugha fd;k tkrkA
pwf d os ifjokj rFkk [ksrksa osQ j[k&j[kko esa
fuf'pr :i ls ;ksxnku nsrh gS]a D;k vkidks ugha
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

vk;keksa dh tkudkjh kIr

djuk laHko gksxkA blls ge
iq#"k Jfed
efgyk Jfed
;g Hkh tku losaQxs fd
Jfed dk vius dke ls
56%
29%
fdruk yxko gS vkSj vius
51%
31%
lgdfeZ;kas rFkk m|e osQ
izfr mlosQ vfkdkj D;k gS\a
20%
13%
vkb,] fuekZ.k m|ksx osQ rhu
dfeZ;kas dh rqyuk djsa% ,d
Lo;a dk;Zjr
fu;fer osruHkksxh deZpkjh
lhesaV dh nqdku dk Lokeh
gS] nwljk fuekZ.k etnwj gS
vkdfLed ikfjJfed deZpkjh
rks rhljk fuekZ.k djus okyh
oaQiuh dk ,d flfoy bathfu;j gSA bu rhukas
lzkrs % dh bafMosQVlZ vkWiQ ,aIykW;esVa ,aM vu,aIykW;esVa
osQ in vFkok fr"Bk eas varj gS] ftUgsa
bu bafM;k] 2011&12] NSS 68 jkmaM] us'kuy
fofHkUu ukeksa ls Hkh lacksfkr fd;k tkrk gSA
LVsfVfLVdy vkWjxsukbt+'s ku] us'kuy lsia y losZ vkWfiQl]
tks vius m|e osQ Lokeh vkSj lapkyd gSa]
fefuLVh vkWiQ LVsfVfLVDl ,aM izksxzke baIyhesaVs'ku]
mUgsa Lofu;ksftr dgk tkrk gSA bl dkj
Hkkjr ljdkj] tuojh 2014
lhesaV dh nqdku dk Lokeh Lofu;ksftr gSA
yxrk dh mudh la[;k Hkh efgyk Jfedksa esa
lfEefyr dh tkuh pkfg,\
vkjs[k 7-1 jkstxkj L=kh&iq#"k oxkZuqlkj forj.k

7-4 Lofu;ksftr rFkk

HkkM+s osQ Jfed
D;k Jfed tula [ ;k
vuqikr lekt esa Jfedkas
dh fLFkfr vkSj dk;Z dh
n'kkvkas osQ fo"k; eas Hkh
oqQN tkudkjh nsrk gS\
;fn fdlh m|e ea s
Jfed osQ Lrj ;k in
dh tkudkjh fey losQ]
rks fu'p; gh ns'k eas
jkstxkj osQ xq.kokk osQ

fp=k 7-2 bZaV fuekZ.k % vfu;r dk;Z dk ,d izdkj

jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

125

2015-16

bUgsa dhft,
vkerkSj ij ge ;g eku ysrs gSa fd tks yksx fu;fer ;k vLFkkbZ vkkkj ij f"k Jfed]

12345678

dkj[kkuk etnwj ;k fdlh cSad vFkok dk;kZy; esa lgk;d fyfid gS] ogh Jfed gSaA bl
v;k; dh vc rd dh ppkZ ls vki le> pqosQ gksaxs fd Lofu;ksftr tSls] iVjh ij lfCt;k
cspus okys] odhy] MkWDVj] bathuh;j vkfn lHkh O;fDr Jfed ;k dkexkj gksrs gSaA fuEu Jsf.k;ksa
osQ dkexkjksa dk Lofu;kstu] fu;fer osruHkksxh deZpkjh rFkk vkdfLed fngkM+h etnwjksa esa
oxhZdj.k dks bafxr djus osQ fy, buosQ lkeus ^d* [k vkSj ^x* vafdr djsa%
ukbZ dh nqdku dk ekfydA
pkoy fey dk deZpkjh] tks fu;fer :i ls fu;qkQ gks drq ftls fu;fer :i ls nSfud
etnwjh feyrh gksA
Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad dk ,d dks"kikyA
jkT; ljdkj osQ dk;kZy; dk VkbfiLV ftls nSfud etnwjh vkkkj ij j[kk x;k gS] ij ekfld
Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gSA
gFkdj?kk cqudjA
Fkksd lCth dh nqdku ij eky <ksus okyk etnwjA
'khry is; dh nqdku dk Lokeh tks isIlh] dksd] fefjaMk vkfn csprk gSA
fdlh futh vLirky esa 5 o"kks ls fu;fer dk;Z dj jgh ulZ] ftls ekfld osru feyrk gSA
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk dguk gS fd vfu;r fngkM+h etnwj dh n'kk rhuksa oxks esa lcls vfkd
vlqjf{kr gSA D;k vki tkurs gSa fd ;s etnwj dkSu gSa] bUgsa dgk ik;k tkrk gS vkSj D;ksa\
D;k ge dg ldrs gSa fd Lofu;ksftr O;fDr fngkM+h etnwjksa vkSj osruHkksfx;ksa ls vfkd dek
ysrs gSa\ jkstxkj dh xq.kokk osQ oqQN vU; lwpdksa dh Hkh igpku djsaA

Hkkjr dk yxHkx vk/k Jecy

blh Js.kh esa vkrk gSA fuekZ.k
etnw j vfu;r etnwjh okys
Jfed dgykrs gSaA ;s Hkkjr dh
Je'kfDr dk 35 fr'kr gSa A ,sls
gh etnwj vU; yksxkas osQ [ksrksa esa
vfu;r :i ls dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj
mlosQ cnys esa ikfjJfed kIr
djrs gaAS fuekZ.k daiuh osQ vfHk;ark
osQ :i esa dke dj jgs O;fDr
Je'kfDr dk ek=k 16 fr'kr gh
gSaA tc fdlh Jfed dks dksbZ
O;fDr ;k m|e fu;fer :i ls
126

vkjs[k 7-2 {ks=kkuqlkj jkstxkj forj.k

'kgjh Jfed

xzkeh.k Jfed

15%
35%
43%
56%
42%
9%

Lo;a dk;Zjr

fu;fer osruHkksxh deZpkjh

vkdfLed ikfjJfed deZpkjh

lzkrs % dh bafMosQVlZ vkWiQ ,aIykW;esaV ,aM vu,aIykW;esaV bu bafM;k]

2011&12] NSS 68 jkmaM] us'kuy LVsfVfLVdy vkWjxsukbt+s'ku] us'kuy
lsaiy losZ vkWfiQl] fefuLVh vkWiQ LVsfVfLVDl ,aM izksxzke baIyhesaVs'ku]
Hkkjr ljdkj] tuojh 2014
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

dke ij j[k mls etnwjh

(osru) nsrk gS] rks og Jfed
fu;fer osru Hkksxh deZpkjh
dgykrk gSA
fp=k 7-1 dks ;ku ls nsf[k,A
blls nksuksa gh fp=kksa ls irk
py jgk gS fd Hkkjr esa
iq#"k vkSj efgyk Jfedksa
osQ 50 fr'kr ls vfkd
rks Lojkstxkjh oxZ esa gh vkrs
gS aA vr% Lojkstxkj gh ns'k fp=k 7-3 flys&flyk, oL=kksa osQ dkjhxj% efgykvksa dks Hkfo"; esa kIr gksus
okys jkstxkj osQ osaQ
dh vkthfodk dk lcls
eq[k lzksr gSA vfu;r etnwjh dk;Z iq#"kksa dh la[;k vfkd gSA xkoksa esa vfkdka'k
vkSj efgykvksa osQ fy, jkstxkj dk nwljk xzkeh.k viuh tehu osQ VqdM+ksa ij fuHkZj gSa
eq[k lzksr gSA bl vfu;r jkstxkj esa efgykvksa tks Lora=k :i ls [ksrh djrs gSa] vr%
dk va'k (37 fr'kr) iq#"kksa ls vfkd ik;k Lofu;kstu esa mudh Hkkxhnkjh vfkd gSA
x;k gSA fu;fer osruHkksxh jkstxkjkkfj;ksa esa
'kgjh {ks=kksa esa dke dk Lo:i Hkh vyx
iq#"k vfkd vuqikr esa yxs gq, gaSA ns'k osQ gksrk gSA gj O;fDr dkj[kkuk] nqdku vkSj
20 fr'kr iq#"k fu;fer osruHkksxh gSa vkSj dk;kZy;ksa dk lapkyd ugha gks ldrkA blosQ
bl oxZ esa osQoy 13 fr'kr efgyk, gSaA vfrfjDr 'kgjh m|eksa esa fu;fer :i ls
efgykvksa osQ bl U;wu va'k dk ,d dkj.k Jfedksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
dkS'ky Lrj esa varj gks ldrk gSA fu;fer
osru okys dk;ks esa vis{kkr mPp dkS'ky 7-5 iQeks] dkj[kkuksa rFkk dk;kZy;ksa esa
jkstxkj
vkSj f'k{kk osQ Lrj dh vko';drk gksrh
gSA laHkor% buosQ vHkko osQ dkj.k gh ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl e esa Je'kfDr dk
vfkd vuq i kr esa efgykvksa dks jkstxkj ugha f"k rFkk vU; lacafkr f;kdykiksa ls m|ksxksa
fey ik jgs gksaA
vkSj lsokvksa dh vksj okg gksrk gSA blh
;fn xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh Jecy osQ forj.k f;k esa etnwj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ls 'kgjksa esa
dh rqyuk djs a rks pkVZ 7-2 osQ vuqlkj] gesa izolu djrs gSaA khjs&khjs m|ksx Hkh ldy
Kkr gksrk gS fd vfu;r etnwjh ikus okys jkstxkj esa viuk va'k [kksus yxrs gSa] D;ksafd
Jfed Lofu;ksftr rFkk xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa 'kgjh Lksok {ks=kd esa cgqr rhoz nj ij lkj gksus
{ks = kks a dh vis { kk vfkd gS a A 'kgjks a es a yxrk gSA Je'kfDr osQ dk;kZuqlkj ;k m|ksxokj
Lofu;ksftr vkSj fu;fer osru okys jkstxkj forj.k ls jkstxkj Lo:i osQ ;s ifjorZu lgt
jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

127

2015-16

bUgsa dhft,
lHkh lekpkj&i=kksa esa jkstxkj voljkas ls tqM+k ,d Hkkx gksrk gSA oqQN rks fr lIrkg (nSfud

Hkh) jkstxkj ij ,d fo'ks"k ifjf'k"V Hkh fudkyrs gSa & pkgs n fgUnw dk ^vkWikspqZfuVht* gks ;k
n VkbEl vkWiQ bafM;k dk ^,lsaV*A vusd daifu;k viuh fjfDr;ksa dk foKkiu buesa djrh gSaA
bu LraHkksa dks dkV yhft, vkSj ,d lkj.kh cukb,] ftlosQ pkj LraHk gksa% daiuh] (lkoZtfud
;k futh)] in dk uke] fjfDr;k] {ks=kd] (kFkfed] f}rh;d ;k r`rh;d) vkSj vko';d
;ksX;rk,A bl lkj.kh osQ vkkkj ij d{kk esa lekpkj&i=kksa esa foKkfir jkstxkj voljksa ij ppkZ djsAa

gh Li"V gks tkrs gSAa lekU;r;k vkfFkZd f;kvksas

dks vkB fofHkUu vkS|ksfxd oxks esa foHkkftr
djrs gSaA ;s gSa% (d) f"k ([k) [kuu vkSj
mR[kuu (x) fofuekZ.k (?k) fo|qr] xSl ,oa
tykiwfrZ () fuekZ.k dk;Z (p) okf.kT;
(N) ifjogu vkSj HkaMkj.k rFkk (t) lsok,A
ljyrk osQ fy, lHkh dk;Z;qDr O;fDr;ksa dks
rhu eq[k oxks esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk
gSA ;s gSa% (1) kFkfed {ks=kd] ftlesa (d)
rFkk ([k) lfEefyr gSSA (2) f}rh;d {ks=kd
ftlesa (d) ([k) rFkk (x) dks 'kkfey fd;k
tkrk gSA (3) bls lsok {ks=kd dgrs gSa vkSj

blesa 'ks"k rhuksa mioxZ (d)] ([k) rFkk (x)

dks j[kk tkrk gSA lkj.kh 7-2 esa ge Hkkjr esa
o"kZ 2011&12 esa fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa dk;Zjr
Jfedksa osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh ns jgs gSaA
Hkkjr esa vfkdka'k Jfedksa osQ jkstxkj dk
lzksr kFkfed {ks=kd gh gSA f}rh;d {ks=kd
osQoy yxHkx 24 fr'kr Jecy dks fu;ksftr
dj jgk gSA yxHkx 27 fr'kr Jfed lsok
{ks=kd esa layXu gSAa lkj.kh 7-2 Hkh ;g Li"V
dj jgh gS fd xzkeh.k Hkkjr dh yxHkx
67 izfr'kr Je'kfDr f"k] ou vkSj eRL;
ij fuHkZj gSA yxHkx 16 fr'kr xzkeh.k Jfed

lkj.kh 7-2
m|ksx esa dk;Zcy dk forj.k] 2011&12 ()
vkS|ksfxd oxZ

128

fuokl LFkku

fyax
iq#"k

oqQy

xzkeh.k

'kgjh

efgyk

kFkfed {ks=kd

66-6

9-0

43-6

62-8

48-9

f}rh;d {ks=kd

16-0

31-0

25-9

20-0

24-3

r`rh;d@lsok {ks=kd

17-4

60-0

30-5

17-2

26-8

oqQy

100

100

100

100

100

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

gh fofuekZ.k m|ksxksa] fuekZ.k vkSj vU; {ks=kksa esa

yxs gq, gSaA osQoy 17 fr'kr xzkeh.k Jfedksa
dks lsok {ks=k ls gh jkstxkj feyrk gSA fdarq]
'kgjh {ks=kdksa esa f"k vkSj [kuu jkstxkj osQ
eq[k lzksr ugha gSa] tgk vfkdka'k yksx lsok
{ks=kd esa dk;Zjr gSaA 60 fr'kr 'kgjh Jfed
lsok {ks=kd esa gSaA yxHkx 30 fr'kr 'kgjh
Jfed f}rh;d {ks=kd esa fu;ksftr gSaA
;|fi kFkfed {ks=kd esa iq#"k vkSj efgyk
nksuksa gh izdkj osQ Jfed laosaQfr gSa] ij ogk
efgykvksa dk laosaQnz.k cgqr vfkd gSA bl
kFkfed {ks=kd esa yxHkx 63 izfr'kr efgyk,
dk;Zjr gSa&tcfd bl {ks=k esa dke dj jgs
iq#"kksa dh la[;k vk/s ls de gSA iq#"kksa dks

f}rh;d vkSj lsok {ks=kd nksuksa esa gh jkstxkj

osQ volj izkIr gks tkrs gSaA

7-6 lao`f ,oa ifjorZu'khy jkstxkj

lajpuk
vkius v;k; 2 vkSj 3 esa foLrkj ls
fu;kstu&j.kuhfr;ksa osQ ckjs esa i<+k FkkA ;gka
ge osQoy nks fodkl lwpdksa ij fopkj djsaxsA
;s gSa] jkstxkj lao`f vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRiknA
ipkl o"kks ls py jgs ;kstukc fodkl dk
;s; jk"Vh; mRikn vkSj jkstxkj esa o`f osQ
ek;e ls vFkZO;oLFkk dk lkj jgk gSA
1960&2010 dh vofk esa Hkkjr esa ldy
?kjsyw mRikn esa ldkjkRed o`f gqbZ gS vkSj ;g

okf"kZd vkSlr lao`f nj

pkVZ 7-3% jkstxkj rFkk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa lao`f] 1951&2012 ()

th-Mh-ih-

jkstxkj

lzkrs % dh bafMosQVlZ vkWiQ ,aIykW;esaV ,aM vu,aIykW;esaV bu bafM;k] 2011&12] NSS 68 jkmaM] us'kuy
LVsfVfLVdy vkWjxsukbt+s'ku] us'kuy lsaiy losZ vkWfiQl] fefuLVh vkWiQ LVsfVfLVDl ,aM izksxkz e baIyhesaVs'ku] Hkkjr
ljdkj] tuojh 2014
jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

129

2015-16

lkj.kh 7-3
jkstxkj ifk dh o`fk;k ({ks=kd vkSj fLFkfr)] 19722012 (izfr'kr esa)

en

197273

kFkfed

74-3

1983
{ks=kd
68-6

199394

19992000

2011&12

64

60-4

48-9

f}rh;d

10-9

11-5

16

15-8

24-3

lsok

14-8

16-9

20

23-8

26-8

;ksx

100

100

100

100

100

fLFkfr
Lofu;ksftr

61-4

57-3

54-6

52-6

52-0

fu;fer osruHkksxh deZpkjh

15-4

13-8

13-6

14-6

18-0

vfu;r fngkM+h etnwj

23-2

28-9

31-8

32-8

30-0

;ksx

100

100

100

100

100

laof` nj jkstxkj o`f nj ls vfkd jgh gSA

drq] ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dh o`f nj esa oqQN
mrkj&p<+ko Hkh vkrs jgs gSaA ij bl vofk esa
jkstxkj dh o`f yxHkx 2 fr'kr cuh jghA
pkVZ 7-3] 1990 osQ n'kd osQ vafre o"kks
esa ,d vU; prktud ?kVuke dh vksj Hkh
bafxr dj jgk gS% jkstxkj o`f nj de gksdj
mlh Lrj ij igqp xbZ] tgk ls ;kstukdky osQ
kjafHkd pj.kksa esa FkhA bUgha o"kks osQ nkSjku ge
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn vkSj jkstxkj dh o`f njksa
osQ chp dkiQh cM+k varj ikrs gSaA bldk vFkZ
;g gS fd ge Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa jkstxkj
l`tu osQ fcuk gh vfkd oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa
dk mRiknu djus esa le{k jgs gSaA bl ifj?kVuk
dks fo}ku ^jkstxkjghu laof` * dk uke ns jgs gSAa
130

vHkh rd geus ns[kk fd jkstxkj ldy

?kjsyw mRikn dh o`f dh rqyuk esa fdl rjg
c<+k gSA vc ;g tkuuk Hkh vko';d gS fd
jkstxkj vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dh o`f njksa
osQ bu Lo:iksa us fofHkUu oxks osQ Jecy ij
fdl dkj osQ Hkko MkysA blls ge le>
ik,xs fd gekjs ns'k esa fdl dkj osQ jkstxkj
voljksa dk l`tu gks jgk gSA
vkb,] fiNys [kaM esa crk, x, nks lwpdksa
ij ,d ckj fiQj ls fopkj djsaA ;s lwpd gSa]
fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa yksxks dks feys jkstxkj rFkk
mudh fLFkfr;kA ge tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr f"k
kku ns'k gSA tula[;k dk cgqr cM+k Hkkx
xzkeh.k {ks=kksa eas clk gS vkSj ;g viuh eq[;
vkthfodk osQ fy, f"k ij fuHkZj gSA Hkkjr
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

bUgsa dhft,
D;k vki tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa jkstxkj o`f dh nj dks 2 fr'kr Lrj ij cuk, j[kuk

bruk vklku dke ugha gS\ D;kas\

;fn vFkZO;oLFkk esa vfrfjDr jkstxkj osQ l`tu fcuk gh vfkd oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk mRikn djus
esa liQyrk fey tk,] rks D;k gksxk\ ;g jkstxkjghu lao`f dSls laHko gks ikrh gS\
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk dguk gS fd ;fn Je osQ vfu;rhdj.k ls turk dh vk; esa o`f gks jgh gks] rks
bl f;k dk Lokxr gksuk pkfg,A dYiuk djsa fd ,d lhekar fdlku dks iw.kZdkfyd f"k etnwj
cuk fn;k tk,A D;k vki lksprs gSa fd fngkM+h etnwjh osQ bl dk;Z ls ;fn mldh vk; esa o`f
gks tk,] rks D;k og vfkd izlUu gksxk\ ;k] vkS"kfk m|ksx osQ ,d Jfed dks fngkM+h etnwj cuk
fn;k vkSj mldh laiw.kZ vk; Hkh c<+ tk;s] rks D;k og izlUu gksxk\ d{kk esa bu nksuksa mnkgj.kksa osQ
lHkh i{kksa ij ppkZ djsaA

lfgr vusd ns'kksa osQ fodkl j.kuhfr;ksa dk

;s; f"k ij fuHkZj tula[;k osQ vuqikr dks
de djuk jgk gSA
vkS|ksfxd {ks=kdksa osQ vkkkj ij Jecy
dk forj.k ;g fn[kkrk gS fd Jecy f"k
dk;kZsa ls gVdj xSj f"k dk;kZsa dh vksj cM+s
iSekus ij c<+ jgk gS (lkj.kh 7-3 ns[ksa)A
tgk 1972&73 esa izkFkfed {ks=kd esa 74
izfr'kr Je cy yxk Fkk] ogha 2011&12 esa
;g vuqikr ?kVdj 50 izfr'kr jg x;k gSA
f}rh;d vkSj lsok {ks=kd Hkkjr osQ Jecy
osQ fy, vk'kkoknh Hkfo"; dk laosQr ns jgs

gSaA vki ns[ksaxs fd bu {ks=kdksa dh fgLlsnkjh

e'k% 11 ls c<+dj 24 vkSj 15 ls c<+dj
27 izfr'kr gks xbZ gSA
fofHkUu fLFkfr;ksa esa Jecy osQ forj.k
dks ns[ksa rks fiNys pkj n'kdksa (1972&2012)
esa yksx Lojkstxkj vkSj fu;fer osru&jkstxkj
ls gVdj vfu;r Je dh vksj c<+ jgs gSaA
fiQj Hkh Lojkstxkj] jkstxkj dk lcls cM+k
ksr cuk gqvk gSA fo'ks"kK Lojkstxkj rFkk
fu;fer osru ls vfu;r Je jkstxkj dh
vksj tkus dh izf;k dks Je cy osQ
vfu;rhdj.k dk uke nsrs gSaA blls etnwjksa

ckWDl 7-1 vkSipkfjd {ks=kd esa jkstxkj

la?kh; Je ea=kky; ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa fLFkr jkstxkj dk;kZy;ksa osQ ek;e ls vkSipkfjd {ks=k
esa jkstxkj lacafkr tkudkfj;k ,d=k djrk gSA D;k vki tkurs gSa fd vkSipkfjd {ks=kd esa lcls
cM+k jkstxkjnkrk dkSu gS\ o"kZ 2012 esa bl {ks=kd esa dk;Z dj jgs 30 fefy;u deZpkfj;ksa esa ls
1-8 djksM+ deZpkjh lkoZtfud {ks=kd esa dk;Zjr FksA ;gk Hkh iq#"kksa dk gh opZLo gS & efgyk,
vkSipkfjd {ks=k osQ deZpkfj;ksa dh osQoy 1@16 va'k gh FkhaA vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us ik;k gS fd 1991
ls vkfFkZd lqkkj f;k us vkSipkfjd {ks=k esa dk;Z dj jgs dfeZ;ksa dh la[;k dks de fd;k
gSA vkidk D;k er gS\
jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

131

2015-16

dh n'kk cgqr uktqd gks tkrh gSA ;g

oSQls gks jgk gS\ lkj.kh 7-2 esa of.kZr
vgenkckn dk fo'ks"k v;;u ns[ksaA

7-7

Hkkjrh; Jecy
vukSipkjhdj.k

dk

Jfedksa dh la[;k
(fefy;u esa)

fiNys [kaM esa geus ik;k fd Jecy esa

vfu;r Jfedksa dk vuqikr fujarj c<+
jgk gSA Lora=krk osQ ckn ls fodkl
;kstukvksa dk ,d ;s; tulkekU; osQ
fy, lEekuiw.kZ vkthfodk dk cak fp=k 7-4 lM+dkas osQ fdukjs nqdkunkjh% vukSipkfjd
{ks=kd esa c<+rh fofokrk
lqfuf'pr djuk Hkh crk;k x;k gSA ;g
vkidks ;g Hkh tkudkjh gksuh pkfg, fd
dgk x;k Fkk fd vkS|ksxhdj.k dh j.kuhfr
f"k ls vfrfjDr Jfedksa dks m|ksxksa esa vkdf"kZr Hkkjr osQ ldy Jecy osQ cgqr NksVs ls oxZ
dj mUgsa fodflr ns'kksa dh Hkkfr mPp thou dks gh fu;fer vk; fey ik jgh gSA ljdkj
Lrj lqyHk djk,xhA drq] ge ;g fiNys vuqHkkx Je dkuwuksa osQ }kjk mUgsa vius vf/dkjksa dh
esa ns[k gh pqoQs gSa fd ;kstukc fodkl osQ 55 j{kk djus esa leFkZ cukrh gSA ;gh oxZ vius
o"kZ ckn Hkh ns'k osQ Jecy osQ vk/s ls Jfed la?kksa dks xfBr dj jkstxkjnkrkvksa ls
vf/d lnL;ksa osQ fy, f"k gh jksth&jksVh dk csgrj etnwjh vkSj vU; lkekftd lqj{kk mik;ksa
osQ fy, lkSncs kth Hkh djrk gSA ;s dkSu yksx gS\a
eq[k lkku cuh gqbZ gSA
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk ;g Hkh roZQ gS fd vusd blh 'u dk mkj tkuus osQ fy, ge Jecy
o"kks ls jkstxkj dh xq.kokk
vkjs[k 7-4
esa fujarj kl gks jgk gSA
vkSipkfjd rFkk vukSipkfjd {ks=kksa esa Jfed] 2009&12
vkf[kj 10&20 o"kks rd
310
dke dj pqoQs u tkus fdrus
gh Jfed ekr`Ro ykHk]
24
133
Hkfo";fufk] xzsP;qVh vkSj
6
is'a ku vkfn ls oafpr D;ksa
jg tkrs gS\a futh {ks=kd esa
dk;Z djus okyk O;fDr
lkoZtfud {ks=kd esa mlh
vkSipkfjd
vukSipkfjd
dke dks djus okys ls de
iq#"k efgyk
osru D;ksa ikrk gS\
132

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

ckWDl 7-2 vgenkckn eas vukSipkjhdj.k

vgenkckn ,d le` uxj gSA ;gk dh le`f dk vkkkj 60 ls vfkd diM+s osQ dkj[kkus dk mRikn
gS] ftueas 1]50]000 Jfed dke djrs gSaA fiNyh ,d 'krkCnh eas bu Jfedkas us ,d fuf'pr lhek
esa vk; dh lqj{kk gkfly dj yh FkhA buosQ fuf'pr jkstxkj Fks vkSj bUgsa fey jgs osru fuokZg osQ fy,
i;kZIr FksA lkFk gh bUgsa vusd dkj osQ lkekftd lqj{kk ykHk Hkh feyus yxs] tks mudh LokLF; vkSj
o`koLFkk dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djrs FksA
mudk ,d l'kDr Jfed la?k Hkh Fkk tks
u osQoy Je fooknkas esa mudk frfufkRo
djrk Fkk] cfYd Jfedkas vkSj muosQ ifjokjkas
osQ fy, vusd tufgrdkjh f;kvksas dk
lapkyu Hkh djrk FkkA drq] 1980 n'kd
osQ kjaHk eas laiw.kZ ns'k esas oqQN diM+k feys
can gksus yxhaA eqEcbZ tSlh oqQN txgksa eas
feysa rsth ls can gks xbZaA vgenkckn eas
fey canh dh ;g f;k oqQN kheh jgh
vkSj nl o"kks rd f[kap xbZA bl vofk ea]s
de ls de 80]000 LFkk;h rFkk 50]000
xSj LFkk;h diM+k etnwjkas dk jkstxkj fNu
x;k vkSj os vukSipkfjd {ks=k dk lgkjk ,d ?kj esa 'kfDr larqyu esa ifjorZu % ,d csjkstxkj
ysus dks foo'k gks x,A bUgha ifjfLFkfr;kas eas dkj[kkuk Jfed ?kj esa yglqu Nhyrk gqvk] tcfd mldh
uxj esa vkfFkZd eanh vkSj tu vkks'k osQ iRuh dks chM+h cukus dk ,d dke fey x;kA
lkFk&lkFk lkankf;d naxs Hkh HkM+d mBssA
Jfedkas osQ ,d iwjs oxZ dks e;;oxhZ; lqjf{kr thou 'kSyh ls m[kkM+ dj vukSipkfjd {ks=kd dh
fukZurk >syus osQ fy, NksM+ fn;k x;kA fdrus gh diM+k Jfed 'kjkc dh yr osQ lgkjs vius d"V
Hkqykus osQ ;kl djus yxs] oqQN us 'kjkc osQ ek;e ls vkRegR;k dk jkLrk pquk vkSj fdrus gh ifjokjkas
dks cPpkas dh f'k{kk vkwjh jksd dj mUgssa Hkh dke dh ryk'k osQ fy, Hkstuk iM+kA
lzksr% jsukuk >kyokykas] jRuk ,e- lqn'kZu ,aM th ehy mUuh (,fM-) baiQkseZy bdkWukeh ,V lsaVj LVst_ U;w
LVDplZ vkWiQ ,aiyk;esaV] lst ifCyosQ'kal] ubZ fnYyh 2003] i`"B 265A

dks vkSipkfjd rFkk vukSipkfjd oxks esa foHkkftr

dj jgs gSaA bUgha dks laxfBr vkSj vlaxfBr
{ks=kd Hkh dgk tkrk gSA lHkh lkoZtfud
{ks=kd izfr"Bku rFkk 10 ;k vfkd deZpkfj;ksa
dks jkstxkj nsus okys futh {ks=kd izfr"Bku
laxfBr {ks=kd ekus tkrs gSaA bu izfr"Bkuksa esa

dke djus okyksa dks laxfBr {ks=kd osQ deZpkjh

dgk tkrk gSA vU; lHkh m|e vkSj muesa
dk;Z dj jgs Jfed fey dj vukSipkfjd
{ks=kd dh jpuk djrs gSaA bl dkj bl
vukSipkfjd {ks=kd esa djksMk+ as fdlku] f"k
Jfed] NksV&s NksVs dke&kaks pykus okys vkSj muosQ

jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

133

2015-16

bUgsa dhft,

bueas ls vlaxfBr {ks=kdksa dh f;kvksas esa yxs O;fDr;kas osQ lkeus fpUg vafdr djsa%
,d ,sls gksVy dk deZpkjh] ftlesa lkr HkkM+s osQ Jfed ,oa rhu ikfjokfjd lnL; gSaA
,d ,sls futh fo|ky; dk f'k{kd] tgk 25 f'k{kd dk;Zjr gSaA
,d iqfyl flikgh
ljdkjh vLirky dh ,d ulZ
,d fjD'kkpkyd
diM+s dh nqdku dk ekfyd] ftlosQ ;gk ukS Jfed dk;Zjr gSaA
,d ,slh cl oaQiuh dk pkyd] ftlesa 10 ls vfkd clas vkSj 20 pkyd] laokgd rFkk vU;
deZpkjh gaSA
nl deZpkfj;kas okyh fuekZ.k oaQiuh dk flfoy vfHk;ark
jkT; ljdkjh dk;kZy; eas vLFkk;h vkkkj ij fu;qDr daI;wVj vkWijsVj
fctyh nrj dk ,d DyoZQ

deZpkjh rFkk lHkh Lofu;ksftr O;fDr] ftuosQ Jecy dk forj.k n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
ikl HkkM+s dk Jfed ugha gS] lfEefyr gSAa blesa
[kaM 7-2 esa geus tkuk Fkk fd Hkkjr esa
lHkh xSj&o`Qf"k nSfud osruHkksxh etnwj tSls 473 fefy;u Jfed gSaA osQoy 30 fefy;u
fofuekZ.k etnwj rFkk fljij cks>k <ksus okys Jfed gh vkSipkfjd {ks=kd esa dk;Z dj jgs gSaA
etnwj tks ,d ls vf/d fu;ksDrk osQ fy, D;k vki budk fr'kr vuqikr vkdfyr dj
dk;Z djrs gSa] mUgsa Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA ik,xs\ ;s ek=k 6 fr'kr gaS (30@473100)A
lkekftd lqj{kk O;oLFkk osQ ykHk laxfBr nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ns'k osQ 94 fr'kr Jfed
{ks=kd osQ deZpkfj;ksa dks feyrs gSAa
budh dekbZ Hkh vlaxfBr {ks=kd
osQ deZpkfj;ksa ls vfkd gksrh gSA
fodkl ;kstukvksa esa lSkafrd :i
ls ;g ekuk x;k Fkk fd tSl&s tSls
vFkZ O ;oLFkk fodflr gks x h]
vfkdkfkd Jfed vkSipkfjd
{ks=kd esa lfEefyr gksrs tk,xs vkSj
vukSipkfjd {ks=kd osQ Jfedksa dk
vuqikr cgqr de jg tk,xkA drq]
okLro esa Hkkjr esa D;k gqvk\ uhps
fn;s x;s vkjs[k dks ns[kas ftlesa
laxfBr rFkk vlaxfBr {ks=kdksa esa
fp=k 7-5 csjkstxkj fey Jfed] vfu;r jkstxkj dh rh{kk esa
134

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

ugha j[krs gaAS bl {ks=kd osQ Jfed

k;% xanh cfLr;kas eas rFkk >qfXx;ksa
esa jgrs gSAa oqQN le; ls varjkZ"Vh;
Je la x Bu os Q ;klka s os Q
iQyLo:i Hkkjr ljdkj us
vukSipkfjd {ks=k osQ vkkqfudhdj.k
vkSj bl {ks=kd osQ deZpkfj;kas
osQ fy, lkekftd lqj{kk O;oLFkk
dk kokku fd;k gSA

7-8 csjkstxkjh
vkius lekpkj&i=kksa esas jkstxkj
dh ryk'k djrs gq, O;fD;kas dks
ns[kk gksxkA oqQN yksx vius fe=kkas
vkSj lxs lacafk;kas osQ ek;e ls jkstxkj ryk'krs
gaSA dbZ 'kgjkas eas oqQN pqus gq, LFkkukas ij ,sls
vusd yksx [kM+s fn[kkbZ ns tkrs gSa] ftUgsa ml
fnu osQ fy, dke nsus okys dh rh{kk jgrh
gSAa oqQN yksx nrjka&s dkj[kkukas esa viuk thou&o`k
lkSai dj ogk irk yxk jgs gksrs gSa fd D;k
muosQ ;ksX; dksbZ LFkku fjDr gSA dbZ yksx
xzkeh.k {ks=kkas eas ckgj tkdj dke osQ ckjs eas
iwNrkN ugha djrs gSa vkSj ?kj ij gh cSBs jgrs
gSa] tc mUgsa dksbZ dke ugha gksrkA oqQN O;fDr
jkstxkj dk;kZy;kas eas muosQ ek;e ls vuqlwfpr
fjfDr;kas osQ fy, vius uke iathr djkrs gSaA
jk"Vh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k laxBu us csjkstxkjh dks
bl dkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gS fd ;g og
voLFkk gS] ftleas O;fDr dke osQ vHkko osQ
dkj.k fcuk dke osQ jg tkrs gSaA os dk;Zjr
O;fDr ugha gSa] ijarq jkstxkj dk;kZy;kas] e;LFkksa]
fe=kkas] lacafk;kas vkfn osQ ek;e ls ;k laHkkfor
jkstxkjnkrkvkas dks vkosnu nsdj ;k orZeku

fp=k 7-6 xUus dh dVkbZ djus okys etnwj_ o`Qf"k Jfedkas eas NUu
csjkstxkjh vke gksrh gS

vukSipkfjd {ks=kd esa dke dj jgs gSaA ;gh

ugha] vkSipkfjd {ks=kd osQ Jfedksa esa efgykvksa
dh la[;k osQoy 6 fefy;u vFkkZr~ 20 fr'kr
(30@6 100) ek=k gS A vkjs [ k 7-4 ns [ ks a A
vukSipkfjd {ks=kd esa iq#"kksa dk va'k oqQy Jecy
dk 69 fr'kr ik;k x;k gSA
1970 osQ n'kd osQ var esa Hkkjr lfgr
vusd fodkl'khy ns'kksa us ik;k fd vkSipkfjd
{ks=kd esa jkstxkj o`f ugha gks ik jghA
blhfy, mUgksaus vukSipkfjd {ks=kd ij ;ku
nsuk vkjaHk fd;kA drq] vukSipkfjd {ks=kd
osQ m|eksa vkSj muosQ Jfedksa dh vk;
fu;fer ugha gksrh vkSj mUgsa ljdkj ls Hkh
fdlh dkj dk laj{k.k vkSj fu;eu ugha
fey ikrkA Jfedkas dks fcuk {kfr iwfrZ osQ
gh dke ls fudky fn;k tkrk gSA vukSipkfjd
{ks=kd mieksa eas ;qDr kS|ksfxdh iqjkuh gks
pqdh gS rFkk ;s fdlh dkj osQ ys[kk&[kkrs Hkh
jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

135

2015-16

ifjfLFkfr;kas vkSj pfyr etnwjh nj

ij dke djus dh viuh bPNk dV
dj dk;Z ryk'krs gSaA fdlh csjkstxkj
O;fDr dh igpku fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
dh tkrh gSSA vFkZ'kkL=kh mls csjkstxkj
dgrs gSa] tks vkks fnu dh vofk eas
,d ?kaVs dk jkstxkj Hkh ugha ik ldrkA
Hkkjr eas csjkstxkjh osQ vkdM+kas osQ
rhu lzksr gSa_ Hkkjr dh tux.kuk fjiksVZ]
jk"Vh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k laxBu dh
jkstxkj vkSj csjkstxkjh dh voLFkk
lacakh fjiksVZ rFkk jkstxkj vkSj f'k{k.k
egkfuns'kky; osQ jkstxkj dk;kZy; esa fp=k 7-7
iathr vkdM+sA ;|fi bu ksrksa ls
csjkstxkjh osQ fHkUu&fHkUu vuqeku fd, gSa]
;ss gesa csjkstxkjh osQ y{k.kkas rFkk ns'k eas
pfyr csjkstxkjh osQ dkjksa osQ fo"k; eas
tkudkfj;k miyCk djkrs gSaA
D;k gekjh vFkZ O ;oLFkk es a cs j ks t xkjh
fHkUu&fHkUu dkj dh gSa\ bl vuqPNsn osQ
Fke x|ka'k esa of.kZr fLFkfr dks] [kqyh csjkstxkjh
dgrs gaSA Hkkjr osQ f"k esa iQSyh csjkstxkjh
dks vFkZ'kkL=kh izPNUu csjkstxkjh dgrs gSaA
izPNUu csjkstxkjh D;k gksrh gS\ eku yhft,
fd fdlh ,d fdlku osQ ikl pkj ,dM+
dk Hkw[kaM gS vkSj mls vius [ksr esa fofHkUu
dkj dh f;kvksa dks fu"ikfnr djus esa nks
Jfedksa dh vko';drk gS] drq ;fn og
vius ifjokj osQ ikp lnL;kas (iRuh] cPpkas
vkfn) dks f"k dk;Z eas yxk ys rks ;g fLFkfr
PNUu csjkstxkjh osQ uke ls tkuh tkrh gSA
1950 osQ n'kd osQ var eas fd, x, ,d
v;;u osQ }kjk Hkkjr eas ,d frgkbZ f"k
136

ckak fuekZ.k dk;Z esa ljdkj }kjk R;{k jkstxkj dk

l`tu gksrk gS

Jfedksas dks PNUu :i ls csjkstxkj fn[kk;k

x;k FkkA
vkius ;g Hkh ns[kk gksxk fd cM+h la[;k
esa yksx 'kgjksa dh vksj izolu djrs gSa] ogk
ukSdjh djrs gaS vkSj lhfer vofk rd ogk
jgrs gaSA ij] o"kkZ rq vkjaHk gksrs gh os
vius xko ykSV vkrs gSaA os ,slk D;ksa djrs
gSa\ dkj.k ;gh gS fd f"k dk dk;Z ekSleh
gksrk gS & o"kZ Hkj xko esa jkstxkj osQ volj
ugha gksrs gSaA tc [ksr esa dke ugha gksrk gS rks
yksx 'kgj dh vksj tkrs gSa vkSj dke [kkstrs
gSaA ,slh csjkstxkjh dh voLFkk dks ekSleh
csjkstxkjh dgrs gSaA Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh dk ;s
dkj Hkh cgqr cM+s Lrj ij pfyr gSA
;|fi geus ns[kk gS fd jkstxkj lao`f nj
cgqr kheh jgh gS & ij D;k vkius yksxksa dks
cgqr yacs le; rd jkstxkj ls oafpr ns[kk
gS\ fo}kuksa dk dguk gS fd Hkkjr esa O;fDr
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

cgqr yacs le; rd iw.kZr% csjkstxkj ugha cSBs

jg ikrs] D;ksafd mudh vkfFkZd n'kk bruh
fujk'kktud gksrh gS fd dksbZ Hkh dke Lohdkj
djuk iM+ tkrk gSA vki mUgsa ,sls dke Hkh
djrs gq, ns[k ldrs gSa ftUgsa dksbZ vU; O;fDr
ugha dj ldrkA buesa cgqr gh vlqfokktud]
vLokLF;dj] vLoPN rFkk tksf[ke Hkjs dk;Z
Hkh gksrs gSaA osQanz rFkk jkT; ljdkjksa us fuEu
vk; ifjokjksa osQ csgrj jgu&lgu osQ fy,
fofHkUu jkstxkj l`ftr fd, gSa vkSj blosQ
fy, igy dh gSA bl fo"k; esa vxys ifjPNsn
esa ppkZ dh tk;sxhA

7-9 ljdkj vkSj jkstxkj l`tu

gky gh esa] Hkkjr dh laln us jk"Vh; xzkeh.k
jkstxkj xkjaVh vfkfu;e] 2005 ikfjr fd;k
gSA ;g ns'k osQ xzkeh.k ifjokjksa osQ lnL;ksa dks
voqQ'ky Jfed osQ :i esa dk;Z djus dks
100 fnu dk fngkM+h miyCk djkus dh xkjaVh
nsrk gSA xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ftUgsa ukSdjh dh
vko';drk gS] muosQ fy, jkstxkj osQ voljksa
dk l`tu djus osQ fy, ;g ljdkj }kjk
lapkfyr vusd mik;ksa esa ls ,d gSA
Lora=krk kfIr osQ ckn ls la?kh; vkSj jkT;
ljdkjsa jkstxkj l`tu gsrq voljksa dh jpuk
djus esa cgqr egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh vk
jgh gSaA buosQ ;klksa dks nks oxks esa foHkkftr
fd;k tk ldrk gS% R;{k rFkk vR;{kA tSlk
fd vkius fiNys vuqHkkx esa i<+k fd Fke
Js.kh esa ljdkj vius fofHkUu foHkkxksa esa
'kkldh; dk;ks osQ fy, fu;qfDr;k djrh gSA

ljdkj vusd m|ksx] gksVy] vkSj ifjogu

daifu;k Hkh pyk jgh gSA bu lcesa Hkh ;g
R;{k :i ls jkstxkj nku djrh gSaA tc
ljdkjh m|eksa esa mRiknu Lrj esa o`f gksrh
gS] rks mu m|eksa dks lkefxz;ksa dh iwfrZ djus
okys futh m|eksa dks Hkh viuk mRiknu c<+kus
dk volj feyrk gSA blls Hkh vFkZO;oLFkk
esa u, jkstxkj osQ volj iSnk gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k
osQ fy,] ,d ljdkjh bLikr fey esa mRiknu
o`f ls ml ljdkjh daiuh esa jkstxkj esa
R;{k o`f gksrh gSA lkFk gh] ml bLikr
fey dks mRiknuksa dh iwfrZ djus okyh vkSj
mlls bLikr [kjhnus okyh futh daifu;ksa dks
Hkh vius&vius mRiknu vkSj jkstxkj c<+kus
dk volj fey tkrk gSA ;g ljdkj }kjk
vR;{k :i ls vFkZO;oLFkk esa jkstxkj osQ
voljksa dk l`tu gSA
vkius v;k; 4 esa ;ku fn;k gksxk fd
ljdkjksa }kjk xjhch fuokj.k osQ fy, pyk,
tk jgs vusd dk;Zeksa dk f;kUo;u Hkh
jkstxkj l`tu osQ ek;e ls gh gksrk gSA mUgsa
jkstxkj l`tu dk;Ze Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl
rjg osQ dk;Ze osQoy jkstxkj gh miyCk
ugha djkrs] buosQ lgkjs kFkfed tuLokLF;]
kFkfed f'k{kk] xzkeh.k vkokl] xzkeh.k tykiwfrZ]
iks"k.k] yksxksa dh vk; rFkk jkstxkj l`tu
djus okyh ifjlaifk;k [kjhnus esa lgk;rk]
fngkM+h jkstxkj osQ l`tu osQ ek;e ls
lkeqnkf;d ifjliafk;ksa dk fodkl] x`g vkSj
LoPNrk lqfokkvksas dk fuekZ.k] x`g&fuekZ.k
osQ fy, lgk;rk] xzkeh.k lM+dksa dk fuekZ.k
vkSj catj Hkwfe vkfn osQ fodkl osQ dk;Z iwjs
fd, tkrs gSaA

jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

137

2015-16

7-10 fu"d"kZ
Hkkjr dh Jecy lajpuk esa ifjorZu vk pqdk
gSA lsok {ks=kd esa jkstxkj osQ u;s voljksa dk
l`tu gks jgk gSA lsok {ks=kd dk foLrkj rFkk
blesa u;h kS|ksfxdh osQ knqHkkZo dk dkj.k
vc fuckZk :i ls y?kq m|ksx rFkk oqQN
fof'k"V mie rFkk fo'ks"kK Jfed gh cgqjk"Vh;
daifu;ksa ls frLikkZ esa fVd ldrs gaSA dk;Z
dh vkmVlksflx ,d lkekU; ckr gks x;h gSA
bldk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ,d cM+h iQeZ osQ
fy, ;g ykHkn gS fd og vius fof'k"V
foHkkxksa (tSl]s fofk] daI;wVj ksxkz feax ;k xzkgd
lsok&vuqHkkx) dks can dj NksVs m|fe;ksa dks
cM+s iSekus ij NksVs&NksVs jkstxkj miyCk

djk,] tks fd nwljs ns'kksa esa Hkh fLFkr gks

ldrk gSA vkkqfud dkj[kkus dh ijaijkxr
vokkj.kk bl dkj cny jgh gS fd ?kj gh
dk;Z&LFkyksa esa ifjofrZr gks jgs gSaA ;g leLr
ifjorZu O;fDrxr Jfed osQ i{k esa ugha gks
jgk gSA Jfedksa dks U;wure lkekftd lqj{kk
dh miyCkrk osQ dkj.k jkstxkj dk Lo:i
vkSj vfkd vukSipkfjd gks x;k gSA blosQ
ckotwn] fiNys nks n'kdksa esa ldy ?kjsyw
mRikn esa rhoz o`f gqbZ gSA ysfdu] blosQ
lkFk gh jkstxkj osQ voljksa dk l`tu ugha
gksus osQ dkj.k ljdkj dks fo'ks"k] rkSj ls
xzkeh.k {ks=kksa es]a jkstxkj osQ voljksa dk l`tu
djus osQ fy, ck; gksuk iM+k gSA

iqujkorZu
oSls O;fDr tks vkfFkZd f;kvksas eas layXu gSa vkSj bl dkj ldy jk"Vh; mRiknu eas ;ksxnku
dj jgs gaS] mUgsa ge Jfed dgrs gSaA
ns'k dh tula[;k osQ ikp eas ls nks O;fDr fofHkUu vkfFkZd f;kvksas eas yxs gSaA
eq[;r% xzkeh.k iq#"k] ns'k osQ Jecy dk lcls cM+k oxZ gSaA
Hkkjr eas vfkdka'k Jfed Lofu;kstd gSaA vfu;r fngkM+h etnwj rFkk fu;fer osruHkksxh
deZpkjh feydj Hkh Hkkjr dh leLr Je 'kfDr osQ vuqikr osQ vkks ls Hkh de gh jg tkrs gSAa
Hkkjr osQ oqQy Jecy dk yxHkx ikp esa ls rhu Jfed f"k vkSj lac dk;ks ls gh viuh
vkthfodk izkIr djrk gSA
gky osQ oqQN o"kks ls jkstxkj o`f eas f'kfFkyrk vkbZ gSA
lqkkjksijkar Hkkjr eas lsok {ks=kd eas u, jkstxkj osQ voljkas dk mn; gqvk gSA ;s u, jkstxkj
eq[;r% vukSipkfjd {ks=k osQ gh varxZr vkrs gSa rFkk buosQ dk;Z dh fr vfkdka'kr%
vfu;r gSA
ljdkj ns'k eas lcls cM+k vkSipkfjd {ks=kd fu;kskQk gSA
PNUu csjkstxkjh xzkeh.k csjkstxkjh dk vke dkj gSA
Hkkjr dh Jecy dh lajpuk eas cM+k ifjorZu vk;k gSA
viuh fofHkUu ;kstukvkas vkSj uhfr;kas }kjk ljdkj R;{k rFkk ijks{k :i eas jkstxkj l`tu osQ
fy, ;kl djrh gSA
138

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

vH;kl
1234567891011-

Jfed fdls dgrs gSa\

Jfed&tula[;k vuqikr dh ifjHkk"kk nsaA
D;k ;s Hkh Jfed gaS% ,d fHk[kkjh] ,d pksj] ,d rLdj] ,d tqvkjh\ D;ksa\
bl lewg eas dkSu vlaxr rhr gksrk gS% (d) ukbZ dh nqdku dk ekfyd ([k) ,d eksph
(x) enj Ms;jh dk dks"kiky (?k) V~;w'ku i<+kus okyk f'k{kd] () ifjogu daiuh
lapkyd (p) fuekZ.k etnwjA
u;s mHkjrs jkstxkj eq[;r%-----------------------------{ks=kd esa gh fey jgs gSaA (lsok @ fofuekZ.k)
pkj O;fDr;kas dks etnwjh ij dke nsus okys izfr"Bku dks ---------------------- {ks=kd dgk tkrk
gSA (vkSipkfjd@vukSipkfjd)
jkt LowQy tkrk gSA ij tc og LowQy eas ugha gksrk] rks k;% vius [ksr eas dke djrk
fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA D;k vki mls Jfed ekusaxs\ D;ksa\
'kgjh efgykvkas dh vis{kk vfkd xzkeh.k efgyk, dke djrh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA D;kas\
ehuk ,d x`fg.kh gSA ?kj osQ dkekas osQ lkFk&lkFk og vius ifr dh diM+s dh nqdku osQ
dke eas Hkh gkFk cVkrh gSA D;k mls ,d Jfed ekuk tk ldrk gS\ D;kas\
;gk fdls vlaxr ekuk tk,xk% (d) fdlh vU; osQ vkhu fjD'kk pykus okyk ([k)
jktfeL=kh (x) fdlh esosQfud dh nqdku ij dke djus okyk Jfed (?k) twrs ikfy'k
djus okyk yM+dkA
fuEu lkj.kh eas 1972&73 eas Hkkjr osQ Jecy dk forj.k fn[kk;k x;k gSA bls ;ku ls
i<+dj Jecy osQ forj.k osQ Lo:i osQ dkj.k crkb,A ;ku jgs fd ;s vkdMs 30 o"kZ
ls Hkh vfkd iqjkus gSaA
fuokl LFkku
xzkeh.k
'kgjh

Jecy (djksM+ eas)

iq#"k
efgyk,
12-5
6-9
3-2
0-7

oqQy ;ksx
419-5
3-9

12- bl lkj.kh eas 1999&2000 eas Hkkjr dh tula[;k vkSj Jfed tukuqikr fn[kk;k x;k gSA
D;k vki Hkkjr osQ ('kgjh vkSj ldy) Jecy dk vuqeku yxk ldrs gSa\

jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

139

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{ks=k

xzkeh.k
'kgjh
;ksx
13141516171819202122-

vuqekfur
tula[;k
(djksM+ esa)
71-88
28-52
100-40

Jfed tula[;k
vuqikr
41-9
33-7
39-5

Jfedksa dh
vuqekfur la[;k
(djksM+ esa)
71-8841-9@10030-12
\
\

'kgjh {ks=kkas eas fu;fer osruHkksxh deZpkjh xzkeh.k {ks=k ls vfkd D;kas gksrs gSa\
fu;fer osruHkksxh deZpkfj;kas eas efgyk, de D;kas gSa\
Hkkjr eas Jecy osQ {ks=kdokj forj.k dh gky dh o`fk;kas dk fo'ys"k.k djsaA
1970 ls vc rd fofHkUu m|ksxkas eas Jecy osQ forj.k eas 'kk;n gh dksbZ ifjorZu vk;k gSA
fVIi.kh djsaA
D;k vkidks yxrk gS fiNys 50 o"kksZ eas Hkkjr eas jkstxkj osQ l`tu eas Hkh ldy ?kjsyw mRikn
osQ vuq:i o`f gqbZ gS\ dSls\
D;k vkSipkfjd {ks=kd eas gh jkstxkj dk l`tu vko';d gS\ vukSipkfjd eas ugha\ dkj.k crkb,A
foDVj dks fnu eas osQoy nks ?kaVs dke fey ikrk gSA ckdh lkjs le; og dke dh ryk'k
eas jgrk gSA D;k og csjktxkj gS\ D;ksa\ foDVj tSls yksx D;k dke djrs gksaxs\
D;k vki xko esa jg jgs gSa\ ;fn vkidks xzke&iapk;r dks lykg nsus dks dgk tk; rks vki
xko dh mUufr osQ fy, fdl izdkj osQ f;kdyki dk lq>ko nsxa ]s ftlls jkstxkj l`tu Hkh gksA
vfu;r fngkM+h etnwj dkSu gksrs gaS\
vkidks ;g dSls irk pysxk fd dksbZ O;fDr vukSipkfjd {ks=kd eas dke dj jgk gS\

vfrfjDr xfrfofk;k
1- ,d {ks=kd dk p;u djsa tSls] xyh ;k dkWyksuh vkSj mls rhu&pkj mi{ks=kdksa esa ckVsaA ,d
losZ{k.k dk vk;kstu djsaA mlesa R;sd O;fDr dh lHkh f;kvksas dk C;kSjk ,d=k dj ysaA
fiQj lHkh mi{ks=kdksa osQ fy, vyx&vyx Jfed tula[;k vuqikr dk vkdyu djsaA
viuss ifj.kkeksa osQ vkkkj ij fofHkUu mi{ks=kdksa esa Jfed&tula[;k vuqikr esa varjksa dh
O;k[;k djsaA
2- ns'k osQ vyx&vyx {ks=kksa osQ v;;u dk nkf;Ro Nk=kksa osQ rhu&pkj lewgksa dks ckV nsaA
,d {ks=k esa eq[;r% kku dh [ksrh gksrh gSA nwljs esa ukfj;y osQ ckx gh eq[; dk;Z gSaA
rhljs {ks=k esa eNfy;k idM+uk eq[; O;olk; gSA pkSFks {ks=k esa unh cgrh gS vkSj ogk
i'kqikyu dh cgqrk;r gSA Nk=kksa osQ lewgksa dks mu {ks=kksa osQ vuq:i jkstxkj l`tu dh
vko';drk ij viuh&viuh fjiksVs rS;kj djus osQ fy, dgsaA
140

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16

3- LFkkuh; iqLrdky; esa tkdj Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk dkf'kr lkIrkfgd jkstxkj lekpkj dh ekax
djsa rFkk fiNys nks eghuksa osQ vad ns[ksaA ;s lkr vad gksaxsA buesa 25 foKkiuksa dk p;u djsa
rFkk fuEu lkj.kh dks Hkjsa (lkj.kh dh vko';drk osQ vuqlkj bls cuk;sa)A mlosQ ckn] d{kk
esa miyCk jkstxkjksa dh fr ckjs esa ppkZ djsaA
ensa
foKkiu la[;k 1
1- dk;kZy; dk uke
2- foHkkx@daiuh
3- futh@lkoZtfud@la;qDr mie
4- in dk uke
5- {ks=kd&kFkfed@f}rh;d@ r`rh;d
6- inksa@fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k
7- vko';d ;ksX;rk,a

foKkiu la[;k 2

4- vkius vius ?kj osQ vkl&ikl ljdkj }kjk fd, tk jgs dbZ dke ns[ks gksxa As ;s lM+d fuekZ.k]
rkykcksa dh liQkbZ] LowQy Hkouksa dk fuekZ.k] vLirky o vU; ljdkjh dk;kZy;] tyjkskd
ckkksa dk fuekZ.k] xjhcksa osQ fy, x`g fuekZ.k vkfn osQ dke gks ldrs gSaA fdlh ,d dk;Z
dh lekykspukRed fjiksVZ rS;kj djsaA blesa bu fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ gks ldrh gS% (d) dke
dh igpku fdl dkj dh xbZ ([k) fdruh ku jkf'k Lohr gqbZ (x) LFkkuh; turk dk
;ksxnku] ;fn gks rks (?k) dk;Z esa yxs O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k] iq#"k vkSj efgyk, ()
Hkqxrku dh xbZ etnwjh (p) D;k ml dk;Z dh ml {ks=k esa okLro esa vko';drk Fkh] ftl
;kstuk osQ varxZr ;g dk;Z gks jgk gS] ml ij Hkh vkykspukRed fVIi.kh dh tk ldrh gSA
5- gky osQ o"kks esa vkius igkM+h vkSj 'kq"d {ks=kksa esa jkstxkj l`tu dh igy djrs gq, dbZ
Lo;alsoh laLFkkvksa dks ns[kk gksxkA ;fn vkiosQ {ks=k esa Hkh ,slh dksbZ laLFkk dke dj jgh
gS] rks mlosQ dYi dks ns[kus tkb, vkSj ml ij viuh fjiksVZ rS;kj dhft,A

lanHkZ
p<~<k th- ds- ,aM ih- ih- lkgw 2002- ^iksLV fjiQkWeZ lsVcSaDl bu :jy vubEIykbesaV% b';w nSV
uhM iQnZj flD;wfjVh* bdksukWfed ,aM ikWfyfVdy ohdyh] ebZ 25] ih-ih- 19982006A
nslkbZ lksukyh ,aM eSf=k; oksfMZ;k nkl 2004- ^^bt baIykbesaV Mkbfoax bf.M;kt ltZ* *]
bdksukWfed ,aM ikWfyfVd ohdyh] tqykbZ 3] ih-ih- 30453051A
jkstxkjlao`f] vukSipkjhdj.k ,oa vU; eqs

141

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?kks"k] vfuy js 1999- djsaV b';wt vkWiQ baIykW;esaV ikfylh bu bafM;k] bdkWukWfed ,aM
ikfyfVdy ohdyh] flracj 4] ih-ih- 2592&2608A
fgjos bafnjk 2002- ^baIykbesaV ,aM vubaIykbesaV flpq,'ku bu 1990% gkm xqM vkj-,u-,l-,lMkVk* bdksukWfed ,aM ikWfyfVdy fodyh] ebZ 25] ih-ih- & 20272036A
tSdo ikWy 1986- ^dkaLisV vkWiQ odZ ,aM ,LVhesV~l vkWiQ odZiQkslZ & ,u ,Ijkbty vkWiQ n
VhVesaV vkWiQ ,fDVfoVht fjysfVax Vw uu ekdZsVsM vkmViqV* loZs{k.k] oksY;we 9] ua- 4] vizSy1
oqQyJs"B ,- lh- xqykc flag] vkyksd dj ,aM vkj- ,y- feJk (200)] ^odZiQkslZ bu n bafM;u
us'kuy ,dkmaV~l LVsfVDl]* n tuZy vkWiQ bude ,aM osYFk] oksY;we 22] u- 2] tqykbZ] ih-ih339A
kku osQ-osQ- ,aM ,e-vkj- lywtk- 1996- ^yscj LVsfVfLVDl bu bafM;k% v fjO;w* ekftZu]
tqykbZ&flrcaj] oksY;we 28] ucaj 4] ih-ih- 319&347
jFk] uhykdkar- 2001 ^MsV vkWu baIykbesaV] vubaIykbesaV ,aM ,tqds'ku% ^^Ogs;j Vw xks izQWke gs;j\*
bdksukWfed ,aM ikWfyfVdy ohdyh] twu] ih-ih- 20812087A
lqanje~] osQ- 2001 ^baIykW;esaV vubaIykW;esaV flpq,'ku bu fn ukbuVht% le fjtYV~l QkWe ,u
,l ,l 55osa jkmaM losZ] bdkWukWfed ,aM ikfyfVdy ohdyh] ekpZ 17] ih-ih- 931&940A
lqna je osQ- 2001- baIykbesVa ,aM ikWoVhZ bu 1990_ iQnZj fjkYVl iQkeZ ,u-,l-,l- 55osa jkmaM
baIykbesVa &vubaIykbesVa loZ]s 19992000] bdksukWfed ,aM ikWfyfVdy ohdyh] vxLr 11] ih-ih& 30393049A
folkfj;k oh.k 1996- ^LVDpj vkWiQ n bafM;u odZiQkslZ] 19611994* n bafM;u tuZy vkWiQ
yscj bdksukWfeDl] oksY;we&39] u- 4] ih-ih- & 425740A

ljdkjh fjiksVZ
,uqvy fjiksVZ~l] fefuLVh vkWiQ yscj] xoZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k] fnYyhA
lsall vkWiQ bafM;k 2001] kbejh lsall vClVkDV] jftLVkj tujy vkWiQ lsall vkWijs'ku]
fefuLVh vkWiQ gkse visQ;lZ] xoZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k] fnYyhA
bdksukWfed loZs] fefuLVh vkWiQ iQk;ukal] xoZesaV vkWiQ bafM;k] fjiksVZ vkWu baIykbesaV ,aM
vubaIykbesaV flpq,'ku bu bafM;k] fefuLVh vkWiQ LVsfVfLVDl ,aM Iykfuax] xoZesaV vkWiQ bafM;kA

osclkbZV
www.censusofindia.nic.in
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142

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl

2015-16