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INSTITUTE OF URBAN TRANSPORT (INDIA)

Session 5: Intelligent Transport System

Training Workshop on City Bus Planning ,13 16 Oct 2014

Structure of Presentation
Introduction
Automated Vehicle Location System
Global Positioning System
Vehicle Tracking Unit
Passenger Information System
Fare Collection System
On-Route Bus Behaviour Analysis
Enterprise Resource Planning
Operation Control Centre
Implementation

What do we do in running a Bus Operation

Departures/Arrivals of service/Buses
Frequency of Service to maintain Reliability.
Location of the Bus/ whether a bus is halted at a point in unauthorized
manner.
Daily Revenue Collection
Daily/ Progressive Kilometer run by a Bus.
Kilometers operated by particular Driver, Conductor.
Whether a Trip was performed, if at all? If yes, then as per schedule or
not?
Correct Fuel Average Of the Bus on the day.
Correct MIS of Daily Collection, Kms Operated, EPK, EPB, Load
Factor, Hours of Operation.
Account of Traffic Jams, Breakdowns, Incidents, Accidents, Route
Deviations, Bunching of Buses etc.
Scheduled Maintenance due.
Payment to the Operator, if buses are run on Contract.
Passenger interface through expected time of arrival based on
historical experience.

How do we do it as of today
Most of the activities are done manually.
Buses are monitored by Timekeepers at both ends.
No way to know the location or Revenue Collection of the trip of bus

instantaneously.
No way to independently verify timely departure of bus, whether the trip
was actually performed, unauthorized route deviation, fake traffic jams
etc.
Pre-printed Tickets are used takes long time to dispense
Chances of pilferage by a conductor.
Maintain a large staff in Bag-wise section.
Long process time to attend each conductor
Chances of error.

How do we do it as of today

Daily Collection, Kilometer operated, Fuel Average etc dependent upon

driver/collection/timekeeper Declaration.

Wage payment to the Drivers/Conductors on the basis of manually

compiled information

Manually generated MIS, which may be not so correct, involves large

staff, takes long time to prepare.

ITS-Introduction

ITS-Introduction
What is Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) means information and

communication technology, applied to transport infrastructure and
vehicles. ITS improves results in:

Transport Safety

Transport Productivity

Travel Reliability

Informed Travel Choices

Social Equity

Environmental Performance

Network Operation Resilience

ITS is not a single technology or a single system. It is a combination of
a number of technologies and systems

Why Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)?

The main objectives of ITS in public transport are:

To improve operational efficiency through various means such as better

resource management (fleet and crew), route optimisation, improved
scheduling, reduced costs

To provide better service to commuters through passenger information

system, convenient fare payment options

To increase revenue through reduced pilferage by passengers and crew

To improve brand image of public transport

ITS - Efficiency Enabler in Urban Transport

Effective
management
of resources

Smart
Transport
Planning

Effective Resource
Management

Efficient
Transport
Operations
Optimized
Transport
Operation

Live Tracking

Intelligent
Decision
Support

Intelligent
Transport
Roadmap

Passenger
Route Optimization
Information
System

Smart
Travel
Decisions

Efficient Fare Collection

Travel
Planner

Enhanced
Brand

Information for
effective
Travel Planning by
passengers

Efficient
Fare
Collection
Convenient
for
Commuters,
Less Pilferage

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ITS-Main Systems
GPS based Automatic Vehicle Location System (AVL)

Improved Operational Efficiency

Reliability of service
Passenger Information System (PIS)

Increased convenience for passengers

Increased confidence in the public transport system
Electronic Ticketing System

Reduced pilferage
Flexibility in fare products
Smoother inter-modal interchanges

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Automated Vehicle Location System

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Automated Vehicle Location System

Works on Global Positioning System (GPS)
Allows remote monitoring of vehicles in real-time
Provides valuable MIS (Management Information System) for

improving operational efficiency, such as

Monitoring Over speeding
Monitoring Route deviation
Schedule Time adherence
Monitoring Bunching of buses on a route
Schedule outshedding versus actual outshedding
Schedule inshedding versus actual inshedding
Scheduling of buses, drivers and conductors
Provides inputs for Passenger Information System

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Global Positioning System

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Global Positioning System

GPS is a satellite based navigation

and location system

GPS was created by US Department
of Defense, became fully operational
in 1995
Comprises 24 satellites in 6 orbits

GPS satellites have highly accurate atomic clocks and keep on

broadcasting signals comprising their position and time
GPS receiver receives signals and uses triangulation method to
compute its position
Needs signals from minimum 4 satellites for a fix

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Vehicle Tracking Unit

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Vehicle Tracking Unit

Vehicle Tracking Unit
Essential Components

GPS receiver
In-built GPRS modem
Interfaces for sensors/devices
RS232 port, digital and analog inputs
Internal memory
In-built battery for power back-up
Essential Components

LEDs for indicating status of power, GPRS and GPS

Display
Keypad function keys, alphanumeric
Speaker, microphone

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Other Components of AVL System

Connectivity from VTU to Data Centre

2G (GPRS)
IT infrastructure

Servers
Storage
Commercial off-the-shelf software such as operating systems,

RDBMS, etc.
Application software
Map engine
GIS map
GIS map covering the operational area
Customized layers for routes, bus-stops, bus-terminals,
depots
Control room
Display, desktops, printers

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AVL System How It Works

GSM Modem
(SMS, failover)

GPS Satellites

Communication
Server

Cellular
(GSM)
Networks

Database
Server
Reporting
Server

VTS
Application
Server
Vehicle
Tracking Unit
(VTU)

Map server/
Location DB

VTS Users

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Passenger Information System

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Passenger Information System (PIS)

PIS is aimed to provide information to passengers about various

operational aspects
Makes use of public transport more convenient for passengers
Improves brand image of the public transport
Various information that can be provided as part of PIS
Route details (text and on map)
Schedules and time-table
Estimated time of arrival of buses on bus-stops
Trip planner
Various PIS Modes
Web-site
Mobile app
PIS display on bus-stops
PIS display in bus

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PIS System How It Works

Communication
Database Server
Server

VTMS
Application
Server

Reporting
Server

Map server/
Location DB

PIS Application
PIS Application
Server

PIS at Bus
Stand

User Accessing
System thru
mobiles

User Accessing
System thru Web

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Fare Collection System

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Fare Collection System

Fare Collection System is one of the most important function of a

public transport agency

Key requirements (wish list) of a fare collection system are:

Simple: should be easily understandable and usable by customers

and staff
Quick: should allow fast transactions
Flexible: should be adaptable to changing fare strategies and

integration with other systems

Economical: should be cost-effective
Secure: should minimize the potential for fraud and fare evasion,

and provide a secure environment for revenue;

Information-rich: should provide data for service planning (routes,

schedule, etc.)

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Different Options for Fare Collection

Pre-printed Paper Tickets

Low security, tickets can be easily faked

Tickets can be reused
Not

possible to capture details

passenger-trips. So, limited MIS

of

Paper Tickets printed by ETM

Better security than pre-printed tickets

Tickets cannot be reused by passengers,

as date/time and origin/destination printed

on tickets
Details

of each passenger-trip is
captured. So, possible to automatically
generate reliable & rich MIS database

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Different Options for Fare Collection

Magnetic Stripe Tickets
Low security, tickets can be easily faked/altered
Tickets cannot be reused by passengers, as
ticket is cancelled by equipment
Details of each passenger-trip is captured, so
possible to generate MIS
Expensive system to deploy and maintain
High cost of consumables
Smart Cards
High security, tickets cannot be faked/altered
Tickets cannot be reused by passengers, as tripdata is recorded on chip
Details of each passenger-trip is captured, so
possible to generate MIS
Integration with other modes possible
Expensive system to deploy and maintain
Low cost of consumables

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Pre-printed Ticket Vs. Ticket through ETM

Pre-printed

Ticket through ETM

ticket

DELHI TRANSIT
DL1PB9761 02/07/2011
12:22
No. T943881101111213011-0004
Route Number
: 411UP
Mori Gate Trml. - > DDA Flat
Kalkaji
Adult
: 1 x 15 = Rs 15

Only ticket number and fare

amount are printed.

Stage codes are punched by
conductor, which cannot be
understood by commuters
Possibility of reuse/ resale
Fake tickets possible

TOTAL: Rs.15

Date and time

Bus number
Route number
Valid from and to
(bus stop names)

Unique ticket
number
Number of
passengers
Fare amount

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Off-line ETM Vs. Online ETM

Off-line ETM
ETMs have to be configured for duty

before issue
Transactions data have to be physically
downloaded at the end of duty
Loss of transactions data in case of
loss/theft of ETM
Cumbersome process for conductors
have to wait for download of data
Possibility of manipulation of data

Online ETM
No need to configure ETM for
specific duty before issue,
ETM contains all routes
Any ETM can be issued to
any conductor
Real-time
transfer
of
transactions to server no
need for physical download
No possibility of manipulation
of data
User-friendly operation for
conductors

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ETM (Fare Collection) System How It Works

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Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) System

GPS based Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) System has been deployed
on all Cluster buses. System is being used to monitor operations of the fleet
Key features
Monitoring of buses and Real-time alerts
10 second updates from buses
Depot, vehicle and route wise reports
Over-speeding reports
Missed stops reports
Route deviation reports
Trip status reports (Cut/Short/Missed)

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Electronic Ticketing Machines

DIMTS has deployed Electronic
Ticketing Machines (ETMs) in all
Cluster Buses

Real Time data transfer through

GPRS

Smart Card Enabled

Conductor-friendly device large

colour display, touch-screen, light
weight, drop-tested

Over the air configuration &

update of master data and
configuration data

Backend System enables:

Automated e-mails of Operational &

Revenue data to Managers

Performance analysis of Route,

Conductor

Display heath status of the field

devices to take proactive action

Revenue reconciliation

O-D analysis of passengers

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Passenger Information System

On Board Voice
Announcement
On-board voice announcement system has been
integrated with GPS for voice announcement and
display of names of approaching bus stops in the
Cluster buses for convenience of passengers.

The system announces approaching bus stops

twice
and
disseminates
useful
general
information.

Passenger Information Displays at enabled Bus

Stops to provide dynamic update of the
approaching buses with their Route number and
ETA

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Other Modes of Passenger Information System

Mobile Application

Web Portal

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On-route Bus Behaviour Analysis

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On-route Bus Behaviour Analysis

Used to analyse a trip time with other bus data
Used to find the anomalies in certain areas e.g. taking most of the time

between particular two bus stops

Used to find exceptions where Depot Managers need to look into

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

An ERP system for efficient
management of
payments to
Cluster Bus Concessionaires has
been developed.
The payment module uses various
parameters of performance such as
No. of buses
Service kms.
Service hours
Missed trips
Infractions (over-speeding,
fake traffic jams etc.)

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Operations Control Centre (OCC)

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Operations Control Centre (OCC)

Operations Control Centre is essential
for efficient management real-time
operation of stage carriage buses based
on live feed from GPS based AVLS and
online electronic ticketing for proactive
actions.

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Depot Modules

Biometric based crew authentication cum attendance system linked with duty

allocation.
BMS Module having sub-modules for daily revenue reconciliation, Online Pre-

printed ticket module, Billing etc.

Live monitoring of operation using AVLS in depot control room.

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Options for implementation

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Options for implementation

Outright purchase of onboard devices and use of outsourced services for

backend data management.

BOO/ Lease rental Model for

onboard devices and use of outsourced

services for backend data management.

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Conclusion
ITS

is

application

of

information

and

communication

technologies in transportation systems

ITS is not a single system, but a collection of different systems
ITS objectives include
To improve operational efficiency, resource optimisation,

better scheduling and planning, informed decision making

To increase revenues by reduced pilferage
To provide a better service to the commuters

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Conclusion
Basic ITS systems to optimize fleet efficiency for a bus transit agency

include
Automatic Vehicle Location System

Tracking and monitoring of vehicles

Scheduling and operational reports
Passenger Information System

Information for passengers regarding routes, schedules, time-table,

estimated time of arrival of buses, trip planner

Information through displays, website, mobile apps, etc.
Electronic/Automatic Fare Collection System

Efficient collection of revenue

Flexible fare options

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Thank You

Office Address
1st Floor, Anand Vihar Metro
Station Building,
(Entry adjacent to Gate No 1)
Delhi - 110 092.
Tel.: (91) 11 66578700-09,
Fax.: (91) 11 66578733
www.iutindia.org

Training room (1) with U shape seating arrangement

IUT Member library with reading tables

Training room (2) with group seating arrangement IUT administration section