This document lists various sizes, spacings, and ratios for wood, steel, concrete, and building systems. For wood joists, common sizes are 2x8, 2x10, 2x12 spaced 12-16 inches apart with a maximum slenderness ratio of 50. For steel, deflection limits are L/360 for live loads, beam depth is 1/22 of span, and joist depth to span ratio is limited to 1/24. For concrete T-beams, the width cannot exceed 1/4 of the span and depth is typically 1.5 times the width. Reinforcing bar spacings and sizes are also specified. Common stud spacing is 16 inches and reinforced brick spacing is 18-36
This document lists various sizes, spacings, and ratios for wood, steel, concrete, and building systems. For wood joists, common sizes are 2x8, 2x10, 2x12 spaced 12-16 inches apart with a maximum slenderness ratio of 50. For steel, deflection limits are L/360 for live loads, beam depth is 1/22 of span, and joist depth to span ratio is limited to 1/24. For concrete T-beams, the width cannot exceed 1/4 of the span and depth is typically 1.5 times the width. Reinforcing bar spacings and sizes are also specified. Common stud spacing is 16 inches and reinforced brick spacing is 18-36
This document lists various sizes, spacings, and ratios for wood, steel, concrete, and building systems. For wood joists, common sizes are 2x8, 2x10, 2x12 spaced 12-16 inches apart with a maximum slenderness ratio of 50. For steel, deflection limits are L/360 for live loads, beam depth is 1/22 of span, and joist depth to span ratio is limited to 1/24. For concrete T-beams, the width cannot exceed 1/4 of the span and depth is typically 1.5 times the width. Reinforcing bar spacings and sizes are also specified. Common stud spacing is 16 inches and reinforced brick spacing is 18-36
[WOOD] Wood joists: 28, 210, 212 spaced 12, 14 or 16 inches apart Maximum slenderness ratio for column (l/r) is 50 [STEEL] Deflection limit for steel members= L/360 for live load only General steel beam depth= 1/22 x span Depth to span ratio of joists is limited to 1/24 For composite beam to be efficient= slab thickness of 4 to 5 1/2 inches Preferable maximum allowed radius of gyration(Kl/r) = 200 [CONCRETE] Code specifies width b of T beam may not exceed 1/4 of span For T beam, in general d should be about 1.5 times b Net strain reinforcement must be greater than or equal to 0.004 For Tensile reinforcements, code requires a maximum spacing between bars on the main reinforcement for bending to be 3 times slab thickness or 18 inches, whichever is smaller For compressive reinforcements, ties must be at least #3 in size, at spacing less than 16 times the diameter of the longitudinal bars or 48 times the diameter of the tie bars Minimum size of spiral reinforcement is 3/8 inch Clear spacing between spirals must be between 1 to 3 inches Reinforcing bars with strengths of 40, 60 and 75psi are common [STUD WALLS] Common 24 studs places 16 inches on center [REINFORCED BRICK MASONRY] Bar spacing about 18 to 36 inches [SYSTEMS] Wind tunnel test: for buildings with height to width ratio > 5:1, or taller than 400 Staggered truss is good for buildings at least 8-10 stories tall, with spans larger than 45 Optimum depth to span ratio for truss is 1:10 Span to depth ratio for diaphragms: 4:1 For wind force, drift should be limited to 1/500 of buildings height, and drift between adjacent stories should be limited to 0.0025 times story height Removal and compaction of fill for foundation is usually economical up to 6 feet
Base isolation is most effective for buildings 4 stories tall
Depth of 2 way systems varies between 1/12 to 1/20 of span Cable structure: economical up to 150 feet
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