(ASEAN Way)*

31)

.


.

, ,
(balance policy),
(bandwagon policy)
(defensive realpolitick) (proactive engagement)
.
: , , , ,

* 2016 .

30 34 1

.
, ,
.
. (ASEAN: Association

of Southeast Asian Nations)

.
(balance policy)
(bandwagon policy)
.

(self help strategy) 1)

(ASEAN Way)
. 2009
, , ,
, , ,
4 .
10
,
.

1976 (TAC: Treaty of Amity

and Cooperation in Southeast Asia)

.



.

1) , , (: , 2015), pp. 149-150.

 31

.

2) 3)
. , , ,
.4)
,

(power transition) . (Acharya)

.5) (Goh)


.6)

(ARF: ASEAN Regional Forum), +3(APT: ASEAN Plus Three),
(EAS: East Asia Summit), (ADMM Plus: ASEAN

Defense Ministers Meeting Plus) ,

,
.

. (Kraft)
2) Amitav Acharya, Power Shift or Power Paradigm Shift? Chinas Rise and Asias Emerging Security
Order, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 58 (2014), pp. 158-173.
3) Evelyn Goh, Great Powers and Hierarchical Order in Southeast Asia: Analyzing Regional Security
Strategies, International Security, 32 (3) (2008), pp.113-157.
4) Goh (2008), pp. 149-152.
5) Acharya (2014), p. 159.
6) Goh (2008), p. 116.

32 34 1

.7)

,
,
.

.8)
(Ba)


.9)

. 1971 , (ZOPFAN:

ASEAN Zone of Peace, Freedom and Neutrality)

.10) 1995
(SEANWFZ: Treaty on Southeast Asia Nuclear

Weapon-Free Zone) .11)

SEANWFZ , , , 5

.
.

.
7) Reuben H. Kraft, Driving East Asian regionalism: The reconstruction of ASEANs identity,
Emmers, R. (ed.), ASEAN and the Institutionalization of East Asia (London & New York: Routledge,
2012), pp. 61-73.
8) Kraft (2012). p. 63.
9) Alice Ba, (Re)Negotiating East and Southeast Asia: Region, Regionalism and the Association
of Southeast Asian Nations (Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2009), pp.. 742-747; Goh
(2008), p. 140; , (: , 2006), p. 509.
10) Tim Huxley, Insecurity in the ASEAN Region (London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence
Studies, 1995), p. 35.
11) , (: , 2004), p. 286.

 33

.
. ,
,

.12)
,
5(Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence)
.
, , 1953
.

. 2007

.13)
1952 (San Francisco Treaty)
.14) (hub) ,
, , 5 (spokes)

.15)
5

10 ,
.
(willing allies), ,

12) , , ,
33 3 (2015), pp. 7-18.
13) David Capie, Explaining ASEANs resilience: Institutions, path dependency, and Asias emerging
architecture, R Emmers(ed.), ASEAN and the Institutionalization of East Asia (London & New
York: Routledge, 2012), pp. 168-179.
14) Robert G. Sutter, The United States in Asia (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009), p. 57.
15) , : , , 33 3 (2015), pp.
7-15.

34 34 1

(political middlemen), (institutional brokers)

.16)



.17)

,

.

.

.
/(Rebalancing Asia/ Pivot to Asia) ,18)
.
(Yellow Sea), , , ,
, , , 1
.
/(A2/AD anti-access/area-denial)
(counter intervention capabilities) .19)
6

16) Goh (2008), pp. 54-55.

17) Goh (2008), p. 56.
18) , 15 (:
, 2014). p. ch 1.
19) Carlyle Thayer, Chinese Assertiveness and the U.S. Rebalancing: Confrontation in the South
China Sea?, Paper presented to the Panel on the South China Sea: The New Crucible in U.S.-China
Relations? Annual Conference of the Association for Asian Studies, 22 March, (San Diego, 2013
d), p. 7.

 35

. , (ASLOC: anti sea lines of communication),

(maritime-land attack), (anti-ship), (anti-

protection of maritime transportation) ,

, /(Senkaku/Diaoyu islands)
7
.

.


.20)
,

2010 4
.21)
.22)
, ,

.23)


.


.

20) Amitav Acharya, ASEAN 2030: Challenges of Building a Mature Political and Security
Community, ADBI Working Paper Series #44, October (Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute,
2013), p. 7.
21) Mark Landler, Offering to Aid Talks, U.S. Challenges China on Disputed Islands, New York
Times, 24 July (2010).
22) You Ji, Deciphering Beijings Maritime Security policy and Strategy in Managing Sovereignty
Disputes in the South China Seas, RSIS Policy Brie, October (Singapore, 2013).
23) You Ji (2013), p. 4.

36 34 1

(salami slicing strategy) .
,
,
.24)
2013 5 16 8 1
.25)
(EEZ: Exclusive Economic Zone)
(Petro Vietnam)
.26)
(CNOOC: China National Offshore Oil

Corporation) EEZ
. 2012 6
, 1974
(Woody Island) (Sansha

City) .
.
.27)
2011 (Scarborough

Shoal) 28) 2014 5-6

EEZ .29)

24) Robert Haddick, Salami Slicing in the South China Sea: Chinas slow patient approach to dominating
Asia, Foreign Policy, 3 August (2012).
25) , :
http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/05/18/0200000000AKR20150518035300084.HTML
(: 2015.10. 5).
26) , : ,
http://www.aseantoday.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=2993(: 2015. 10. 5).
27) Ian Storey, China Pushes on the South China Sea, ASEAN Unity Collapses, China Brief, 12
(5) 3 August (2012).
28) , :
, 18(1) (2015), pp. 166-169.
29) Sheldon Simon, The US Rebalance and Southeast Asia: A Work in Progress, Asian Survey,
Vol. 55, No. 3 May/June (2105), pp, 584, 585, 587, 593.

 37

2014 2 EEZ (James Shoal)

.
,30) EEZ

(creeping assertiveness) .31)

.
(divide and rule)
2012 7 45 (AMM: ASEAN

Ministerial Meeting) .


.32)

.
(Marty Natalegawa)
,33)
4 (, , ) 36
. 2012
7 20 6
.
2002
. 2012
. 2014 5
24

30) Reuters, 29 February (2014).

31) Siew Mun Tang, A Test of Friendship, New Straits Times 18 February (2014).
32) Carlyle A. Thayer, New Commitment to a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea? National
Bureau of Asian, Research, 9 October (Washington DC, 2013).
33) Ian Storey (2012), p. 3.

38 34 1

. UNCLOS

.34)

2010 7 ARF
,
, ,
UNCLOS ,
,
.35)

2014 2 (Daniel Russel)

.
, ,

.36)

,

.
,

(Scarborough Shoal) (Mischief Reef)

1951
.37)
(Jonathan Greenert) EEZ

.
.
34) Nay Pyi Taw, Moving forward in Unity to a Peaceful and Prosperous Community, Chairmans
Statement of the 24th ASEAN Summit, 13 November (Myanmar, 2014).
35) Jeffrey A. Bader, Kenneth G. Lieberthal and Michael McDevitt, Keeping the South China Sea
in Perspective, The Foreign Policy Brief, 5 August (Washington, DC: Brookings, 2014).
36) Daniel Russel, Maritime Disputes in the South China Sea, Testimony before the House Committee
on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific, 5 February (Washington, DC, 2014).
37) ABC-CBN News, 30 April (2014).

 39

.38)
()/()

.
.

2013 (US-Vietnam Comprehensive Partnership

Agreement), 2014 4
(US-Philippines Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement),
(US-Malaysia Comprehensive Partnership) .39)
,
.
.



.40)
.41) 6
(CoC: Code of Conduct)
2001 (DoC: Declaration of the

Code of Conduct)
.42)
6
4 . , ,
.43)
38) Shannon Tiezzi, US Admiral: We would help Philippines against China, The Diplomat, 4
February (2014).
39) , , 24 2 (2014), pp. 388-409.
40) Pek Koon Heng, The ASEAN Way and Regional Security Cooperation in the South China Sea,
EUI Working Paper RSCAS 121, (European University Institute: Robert Schuman Centre for
Advanced Studies, 2014), p. 8.
41) Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson, Hong Leis Remarks, 1 April (2014).
42) Carlyle A Thayer, New Commitment to a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea? National
Bureau of Asian Research, 9 October (Washington DC., 2013), p. 5.
43) Carlyle A Thayer (2013), pp. 5-6.

40 34 1

,

.
,
.44)
(China-ASEAN Treaty

of Good Neighborliness and Cooperation) (ChinaASEAN Community of Common Destiny) . 2013 10

, ,

(Chinas Grand Indo-Pacific Strategy) .45)
() .46)
,

.47)
,
1,000 500
(AIIB: Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) 2014 11 8
21 APEC (FTAAP:

Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific) ..48)

400
. 21

.
44) Zhengang Ma, The Evolving Security Situation in Asia and the Role of China, 3 December (2013).
45) Vibhanshu Shekhar, Maritime Silk Route: Chinas foothold in the Indian Ocean? Jakarta Post,
25 February (2014).
46) , () , KEIP Vol. 8.
No. 45 (, 2014), pp. 1-13.
47) Jeremy Page, China Sees Itself as Center of New Asian Order, Wall Street Journal, 9 November
(2014).
48) , (AIIB) ?
(9) (: , 2015), pp. 5-6; Matthew Goodman and Ely Ratner, China
Scores and What the United States Should Do Next, Foreign Affairs, 23 November (2014).

 41

.

.
(Maritime Silk Road initiative)
,
.

2014 5 EEZ
(Johnson South Reef) 5
,


.

.
(TAC)
.
NATO 10
,

.



.

, ,
,
(defensive real politics)
(proactive engagement) .

42 34 1

.


.
ARF, EAS,

ADMM Plus
.

2014 9
(Kerry)
,

.

.49)

. 2012

.
,
.
. UNCLOS
.
(DoC)
.
,
. 2013 1
(ITLOS: International Tribunal of the Law of the Seas)
UNCLOS

49) John Kerry, Remarks at US-ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, 6 September (2014).

 43

. .
,
, ,
.50)


,
. UNCLOS
,
.
UNCLOS
, ,

.

. 2014

8 EEZ
, UNCLOS
.51)


.

, ,
,
, , , EAS
. ADMM Plus 2012

50) Peter Dutton, The Sino-Philippine Maritime Row: International Arbitration and the South China
Sea, East and South China Seas Bulletin, March (Center for a New American Security, 2013),
pp. 10-15.
51) David Tweed, South China Sea Tensions Seen Dominating ASEAN Ministers Meeting, Bloomberg
Business week, 8 August (2014).

44 34 1

(ASEAN Maritime Forum)

.

(State Oceanic Administration) (China Marine

Surveillance Fleet)

.52)
UNCLOS .53)

,
.

.
TAC ,
.
,
.
, .
27 ARF,
18 EAC, ADMM Plus 10

.


.

52) Megha Rajagopalan & Greg Torode, Chinas civilian fleet a potent force in Asias disputed
seas, Reuters, 5 March (2014).
53) Wu Shicun, The South China Sea Arbitration Case Could Exacerbate Disputes in the South
China Sea, The Diplomat. January 27 (2016).

 45

21

.


.

.

46 34 1

. (AIIB) ?
(9) : , 2015.

. . : , 2006.
. . 24 2 (2014).
. :
. 18(1) (2015).
. . : , 2004.
. : . , 33 3 (2015).
. . ,
33 3 (2015).
. 15 . : ,
2014.

. () . KEIP . Vol. 8.
No. 45 (2014).

, , . : , 2015.
ABC-CBN News. 30 April (2014).
Acharya, Amitarya. ASEAN 2030: Challenges of Building a Mature Political and Security
Community. ADBI Working Paper Series #44. October Tokyo: Asian Development
Bank Institute, 2013.
. Power Shift or Power Paradigm Shift? Chinas Rise and Asias Emerging
Security Order. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 58 (2014).
Ba, Alice. (Re)Negotiating East and Southeast Asia: Region, Regionalism and the Association
of Southeast Asian Nations. Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2009.
Bader, Jeffrey A. Kenneth G. Lieberthal and Michael McDevitt. Keeping the South China
Sea in Perspective. The Foreign Policy Brief. 5 August Washington, DC: Brookings,
2014.
Capie, David. Explaining ASEANs resilience: Institutions, path dependency, and Asias
emerging architecture. R Emmers(ed.), ASEAN and the Institutionalization of East
Asia . London & New York: Routledge, 2012.

 47

Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson, Hong Leis Remarks. 1 April (2014)

Dutton, Peter.

The Sino-Philippine Maritime Row: International Arbitration and the South China
Sea. East and South China Seas Bulletin. March Center for a New American Security,
2013.
Goh, Evelyn. Great Powers and Hierarchical Order in Southeast Asia: Analyzing Regional
Security Strategies. International Security, 32 (3) (2008).
Goodman, Matthew and Ely Ratner. China Scores and What the United States Should Do
Next. Foreign Affairs. 23 November (2014).
Heng, Pek Koon. The ASEAN Way and Regional Security Cooperation in the South China
Sea. EUI Working Paper RSCAS 121. European University Institute: Robert Schuman
Centre for Advanced Studies, 2014.
Huxley, Tim. Insecurity in the ASEAN Region. London: Royal United Services Institute for
Defence Studies, 1995.
Ji, You. Deciphering Beijings Maritime Security policy and Strategy in Managing Sovereignty
Disputes in the South China Seas. RSIS Policy Brie. October Singapore, 2013.
Kerry, John. Remarks at US-ASEAN Ministerial Meeting. 26 September (2014) Kraft, Reuben
H. Driving East Asian regionalism: The reconstruction of ASEANs identity. Emmers,
R(eds.), ASEAN and the Institutionalization of East Asia. London & New York: Routledge,
2012.
Landler, Mark. Offering to Aid Talks, U.S. Challenges China on Disputed Islands. New
York Times. 24 July (2010).
Ma, Zhengang. The Evolving Security Situation in Asia and the Role of China. 3 December
(2013).
Page, Jeremy. China Sees Itself as Center of New Asian Order. Wall Street Journal . 9
November (2014).
Reuters. 29 February (2014).
Russel, Daniel. Maritime Disputes in the South China Sea. Testimony before the House
Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific. 5 February
Washington DC, 2014.
Rajagopalan, Megha & Greg Torode. Chinas civilian fleet a potent force in Asias disputed
seas. Reuters. 5 March (2014).
Shekhar, Vibhanshu. Maritime Silk Route: Chinas foothold in the Indian Ocean? Jakarta
Post. 25 February (2014).

48 34 1

Shicun, Wu. The South China Sea Arbitration Case Could Exacerbate Disputes in the South
China Sea. The Diplomat. January 27 (2016).
Simon, Sheldon. The US Rebalance and Southeast Asia: A Work in Progress. Asian Survey,
Vol. 55, No. 3 May/June (2105).
Storey, Ian. China Pushes on the South China Sea, ASEAN Unity Collapses. China Brief.
12 (5) 3 August (2012).
Tang, Siew Mun. A Test of Friendship. New Straits Times. 18 February (2014).
Taw, Nay Pyi. Moving forward in Unity to a Peaceful and Prosperous Community. Chairmans
Statement of the 24th ASEAN Summit. 13 November Myanmar, 2014.
Thayer, Carlyle A. New Commitment to a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea? National
Bureau of Asian Research. 9 October Washington DC, 2013.
. Chinese Assertiveness and the U.S. Rebalancing: Confrontation in the
South China Sea? Paper presented to the Panel on the South China Sea: The New
Crucible in U.S.-China Relations? Annual Conference of the Association for Asian
Studies. 22 March San Diego, 2013 d.
Tiezzi, Shannon. US Admiral: We would help Philippines against China. The Diplomat.
4 February (2014).
Tweed, David. South China Sea Tensions Seen Dominating ASEAN Ministers Meeting.
Bloomberg Business week. 8 August (2014).
Haddick, Robert. Salami Slicing in the South China Sea: Chinas slow patient approach to
dominating Asia. Foreign Policy. 3 August (2012).

, :
http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/bulletin/2015/05/18/0200000000AKR201505180353000
84.HTML(: 2015.10. 5).

, : ,
http://www.aseantoday.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=2993(:
2015. 10. 5).

 49

ABSTRACT

The Settlement of the South China Sea Dispute and

ASEAN Way

Suk Soo Kim / Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

The purpose of this article is to analyze methodology of the settlement of the South China
Sea Dispute and ASEAN Way. Exercising decisive influence within the wider Asia-Pacific
environment is beyond ASEANs limited strategic resources. Moreover, the consensus-seeking,
shallowly institutionalized ASEAN Way approach has seemed poorly equipped to handle
Chinese assertive divide-and-rule diplomacy that has accompanied its power projection in the
South China Sea. Despite shortcomings in the ASEAN Way of security cooperation, it is
argued that, given the inability of China and Japan to provide cooperative leadership in
establishing an alternative multilateral security mechanism, ASEAN will continue to serve as
the default instrumentality for maintaining a modest level of multilateral security
cooperation in the Asia-Pacific.

Key words: ASEAN Way, South China Sea, Security Cooperation, Pivot to Asia, China
: 2015 11 19, : 2016 03 18, : 2016 03 31