Honors British Literature

Final Review 2016

I.

Anglo-Saxon
A.

Society- Tribal
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

6.

B.

Literature
1.

2.

II.

Bretwalda
a.
Warrior King
Thanes
b.
Loyal fighting men
Scops
a.
singing poets who preserved record of achievements
Spread of Christianity
a.
Saints Patrick and Augustin
b.
Literacy
c.
Unity and Peace
Battle of Hastings (1066)
a.
William the Conqueror defeats King Harold
b.
Last invasion of England
Religion
a.
Paganism
b.
Christian Missionaries
Beowulf
a.
faithful record of tribal life
b.
Oral Epic
Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
a.
Greatest historical source

Medieval
A.

Society- Feudal
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

B.

Feudal System replaces tribes

a.
declines due to the Black Death and Peasants Revolt
b.
dies in Battle of Agincourt
Tower of London
Crusades
Knights and the Code of Chivalry
Womens status increases
Oxford and Cambridge established
Religion was predominantly Catholic

Literature
1.
2.
3.

Domesday Book
a.
First Census
History of Kings of Britain
b.
first full account of Arthur
The Canterbury Tales
a.
Geoffrey Chaucer

b.

c.
d.

e.

i.
format inspired by Bocaccios The Decameron
Frame Narrative
i.
Outer- Pilgrimage to Thomas Beckets Shrine
ii.
Inner- The Tales
120 proposed tales
i.
22 and 2 fragments finished
Pilgrims
i.
Military Group
a.
Knight
b.
Squire-Son of Knight
c.
Yeomen
ii.
Religious Group #1
a.
Prioress- Madam Eglantyne
b.
Second Nun
c.
Nuns Priest
iii.
Mendicant Religious Order
a.
Monk
b.
Friar
iv.
Pair #1
a.
Merchant
b.
Oxford Cleric
v.
Pair #2
a.
Sergeant-at-Law
b.
Franklin
vi.
Guildsmen
vii.
Pair #3
a.
Skipper
b.
Doctor
viii.
Wife of Bath
ix.
Brothers
a.
Parson
b.
Plowman
x.
Enemies
a.
Miller
b.
Reeve
xi.
Manciple
xii.
Worst Religious Group
a.
Summoner
b.
Parsoner
xiii.
Host
a.
Harry Bailly
xiv.
Chaucer
xv.
Canons Yeomen
Types of Tales
i.
Breton Lais
a.
set in Brittany, France
b.
tales of love, adventure, and knightly conflict
ii.
Fabliau
a.
stories based on clever tricks
iii.
Exemplum
a.
sermon that illustrates a known moral lesson

iv.
4.

C.

Moral Tale
a.
tales to inspire moral conduct

Ballads

Rulers
1.

2.

3.

4.
5.

6.

Henry II
a.
re-established monarchy
b.
left treasury with surplus
c.
Thomas Becket Incident
d.
Excommunicated
Richard the Lionheart
a.
Oldest of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine
i.
Henrys faveorite
b.
Captured a lot
John
a.
Third son of Henry II and Eleanor
i.
Disliked
b.
gained throne after Richards death
c.
alienated nobles, clergy and allies
d.
was forced to sign Magna Carta
Edward I
a.
summoned first English Parliament
War of the Roses (30yrs)
a.
between the Houses of York (white) and Lancaster (red)
b.
Richard III (York) defeated by Henry Tudor (Lancaster)
Henry Tudor (Henry VII)
a.
Marries Elizabeth of York to Unite houses
b.
establishes Tudor dynasty

III. Early/High Renaissance

A.

Society- Monarchical
1.

2.

B.

Rebirth of scholarship based classical learning and philosophy

a.
Art- Michelangelo, daVinci, Rembrant
b.
Philosophy
1.
Protestant Reformation
2.
Church of England
c.
Science
d.
Inventions
e.
Geography
Church power diminished
a.
Martin Luther
1.
95 theses
b.
Henry VIIIs creation of Church of England

Literature
1.

2.
3.

Influences
a.
Enclosure Laws
b.
Printing press
c.
Improved paper manufacturing methods
Sonnet
a.
Wyatt and Surrey imported Italys Petrarch
Essay

4.

5.

a.
Bacon imported from Frances Montaigne
Drama
a.
native to England
b.
Miracle and morality plays
c.
performed between courses at banquets
Shakespeare
a.
Macbeth
b.
Sonnets- lyrical poem of 14 lines of iambic pentameter (5 feet of
unstressed/stressed syllables)
1.
Elements
i.
Theme
a.
Power of Love
b.
Love Surviving Time
c.
Immortality Through Poetry
d.
Carnal Love
e.
Anti-Petrachan
ii.
Speaker
iii.
Tone: attitude of speaker
iv.
Mood: reaction of audience
v.
Diction
vi.
Syntax
vii.
Figures of Speech
a.
Similie
b.
Methaphor
c.
Conceit: compares two dissimilar things
i.
(More metaphysical)
d.
Personification
e.
Onomatopeia
f.
Alliteration
g.
Consonance
h.
Assonance
i.
Repetition
j.
Hyperbole
k.
Allusion
l.
Apostrophe
m.
Paradox
n.
Oxymoron
o.
Metonymy
p.
Synecdoche
2.
Structure
i.
Three quatrains (abab cdcd efef) and one rhyming
couplet
ii.
Unlike Petrachan
a.
Octet (abba abba)Problem
b.
Sextet (cdcdcd/cdecde/cdccdc)solution
3.
Cycle
i.
1-126:
Young ManBrighter angel
ii.
127-52:
Dark LadyWorser Angel
iii.
153-54:
Cupidconventional

IV. Late Renaissance

A.

Society-Monarichal
1.
2.
3.

B.

Literature
1.

2.

3.

4.

V.

Civil War
Charles I beheading
Commonwealth
Cavaliers (Crown)
a.
gay, light airy tones
b.
Classical Latin Influence
c.
Headed by Ben Jonson
d.
Richard Lovelace
e.
Robert Herrick
Metaphysical (No politics)
a.
Headed by John Donne
b.
Unusual rhythms and rhymes
c.
conceit
d.
Andrew Marvel
John Milton
a.
Great Puritan Poet
b.
Paradise Lost (Epic)
c.
Sonnets
i.
defy categorization
CARPE DIEM!

18th Century
A.

Society
1.
2.
3.
4.

B.

Other Names
1.
2.
3.
4.

C.

Great Plague of London 1865

Great Fire of London 1866
Glorious Revolution
Deism- clockmaker
Neoclassicism
Age of Reason
Enlightenment
Age of Satire

Literature
1.
2.
3.
4.

Emphasis on Intellect, Society

Satire
Novel (see last page for types)
a.
liked by Middle class
Swift
a.
Prose
i.
Gullivers Travels
a.
Glumdalclitch- farmers daughter in Brobdingnag
b.
Brobdingnag- Land of Giants
c.
Lillliputians- Land of tiny people
ii.
A Modest Proposal
a.
breeders- Irish Mothers who have many kids

5.

Pope
a.
Poetry
i.
Rape of the Lock
a.
The Baron- Lord Petre
b.
Belinda- Arabella Fermor
ii.
Essay on Man and Essay on Criticism
a.
Epigram- short witty saying
b.
Aphorism- short witty saying with a moral
c.
Heroic couplet- two rhyming lines of iambic
pentameter

VI. Romanticism
A.

Society
1.
2.

B.

French Revolution
Democracy (still monarchical)

Literature
1.

2.

3.

4.

Bridge Poets
a.
William Blake
i. Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience
ii.
Contraires
b.
Robert Burns
i.
Scottish dialect
ii.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect
Early Romantics
a.
Wordsworth
i.
Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1800)
a.
defined lyric and introduced ballads to public
ii.
Lyrical Ballads (1798)
iii.
Ordinary life to extraordinary
b.
Coleridge
i.
Kubla Kahn
Late Romantics
a.
Byron
i.
Disciple of Pope
ii.
Rebellious Against Society
iii.
Cynical, Bitter
iv.
Dedicated to Freedom
b.
Shelley
i.
Rebellious Against Tyranny
ii.
Lyrical
a.
Lyric- spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling
recollected in tranquility
iii.
To Wordsworth
a. Poet of Nature =Wordsworth
c.
Keats
i.
Gospel of Beauty
ii.
Intellectual
Novel
i.
Jane Austen

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Pride and Prejudice

Emma
Mansfield Park
Persuasion
Sense and Sensibility
Nothanger Abbery

VII. Victorian
A.

Society
1.
2.

B.

Industrial Revolution
Reign of Victoria- longest in English history next to Elizabeth II

Literature
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Emily Bronte
a.
Wuthering Heights
i.
Gothic Romance
Dickens
Thackery
Eliot
Thomas hardy

VIII. Rulers
A.

Henry II
1.
2.
3.
4.

B.

Richard the Lionheart

1.
2.

C.

2.
3.
4.

between the Houses of York (white) and Lancaster (red)

Richard III (York) defeated by Henry Tudor (Lancaster)

Henry Tudor (Henry VII)

1.
2.

G.

summoned first English Parliament

War of the Roses (30yrs)

1.
2.

F.

Third son of Henry II and Eleanor

a.
Disliked
gained throne after Richards death
alienated nobles, clergy and allies
was forced to sign Magna Carta

Edward I
1.

E.

Oldest of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine

a.
Henrys faveorite
Captured a lot

John
1.

D.

re-established monarchy
left treasury with surplus
Thomas Becket Incident
Excommunicated

Marries Elizabeth of York to Unite houses

establishes Tudor dynasty

Henry VIII
1.

Creates Church of England when pope wont approve divorce from

Catherine of Aragon

2.
3.

H.

Edward VI
1.
2.

I.

4.
5.

2.

Oliver Cromwell
a.
Puritan gain power
Richard Cromwell
a.
less charismatic

Charles II
1.
2.

O.

Open hostility toward Parliament

7 year civil war
a.
loyalists (royalists/cavaliers) v. Parliamentarians (roundheads)
b.
ends with beheading

Commonwealth
1.

N.

James VI of Scotland
Banquo in Macbeth in his honor
autonomous in scotland
a.
disliked Parliament
Continued exploration in America (Jamestown, VA)
Jacobean Period

Charles I
1.
2.

M.

Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

Restores Order
Excommunicated
Beheaded cousin Mary, queen of Scots
Established grammar schools for boys and girls
Gresham CollegeMiddle Class college
Naval Supremacy
Dies childless

James I
1.
2.
3.

L.

Daughter of Henry III and Catherine of Aragon

attempted to restore Catholicism
a.
great bloodshedBloody Mary

Elizabeth I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

K.

Son of Henry III and Jane Seymour

Continued Protestantism

Mary I
1.
2.

J.

Marries Anne Boleyn

Oath of Supremacy

Son of Charles I
restored after Cromwell

Hanovers
1.
2.
3.

German
Changed name to disassociate from Germany during WWI/WWII
Still on the thrones

Type

Description

Examples

Picaresque

quick-witted rouges
episodic lifestyle

Moll Flandes
Don Quixote

Gothic

desolate settings and mysterious

events to create atmosphere of
terror

Castle of Otranto
Frankenstien

Gothic Romance

stormy love relationship within a

violent, brooding relationship

Jane Eyre
Wuthering Heights
Rebecca

Novel of Manners

Created by Austen
Pride and Prejudice
defines social mores of a specific
group, often upper-middle class,
which controls the actions of the
characters

Satirical

reveals human folly through wit

and exaggeration with hop for
reform

Animal Farm
The Loved One
Brodeshead Revisited

Realistic

portrays life objectively, without

idealizations; reveals
unpleasantness

Sister Carrie
Jude the Obscure
The Red Badge of Courage

Naturalistic

pessimistically portrays
sordidness, squalor and violence
through characters who have no
control over their destinies

American Tragedy
Maggie, A Girl of the Streets
Nana

Sociological

depicts the problem and

injustices of society, making
moral judgments and offering
resolution

The Grape of Wrath

Lord of the Flies
To Kill a Mockingbird
Cry, the Beloved Country

Epistolary

told through letters

Pride and Prejudice

Psychology

emphasizes internal motives,

conflicts, opinions of main
characters, which then develop
the external actions

The Stranger
The Catcher in the Rye
Siddhartha

Historical

centers on individuals, society or

events from the past, combined
with fictional characterization

Kenilworth
Tale of Two Cities
The Source

Science Fiction

Imagines the impact of real or

hypothetical scientific
developments on individuals or
society

Nineteen Eighty-Four
On The Beach
Fahrenheit 451
Stranger in a Strange Land

Regional Novel

represents accurately the habits,

speech, and folklore of a
particular geographical section

The Return of the Native

Huckleberry Finn
Pride and Prejudice

Stream-of-Consciousness

presents the total range of

thoughts, memories,
associations of a character in
uninterrupted, endless flow

Ulysses
Mrs. Dalloway
As I Lay Dying