2/1/2012

Example Input Impedance

1/5

Example: Input Impedance

Consider the following circuit:

Zin

Z0 = 1
=

-j 3

Z 0 2.0

Z 0 = 1.5
=

ZL
1 j2

If we ignored our new -wave knowledge, we might erroneously

conclude that the input impedance of this circuit is:

Zin
Therefore:

Zin =

ZL

j 3

-j 3( 2 + 1 + j 2 )
-j 3 + 2 + 1 + j 2

1 j2

6- j9
= 2.7 - j 2.1
3- j

Of course, this is not the correct answer!

We must use our transmission line theory to determine an
accurate value.
Define Z1 as the input impedance of the last section:

Z1

Z 0 2.0

Jim Stiles

ZL
1 j2

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/1/2012

Example Input Impedance

2/5

we find that Z1 is :
Z L cos + j Z 0 sin

Z 0 cos + j Z L sin

Z1 = Z 0

( )

( )
( )

(1 + j 2) cos 4 + j 2 sin 4

= 2

2 cos
+ j (1 + j 2) sin

4
4
1 + j 4

= 2

j
= 8- j2

( )

Therefore, our circuit now becomes:

Z0 = 1

Zin

-j 3

Z1 8 j 2

Z 0 = 1.5

Note the resistor is in series with impedance Z1. We can

combine these two into one impedance defined as Z2:

Z 2 = 2 + Z1 = 2 + (8 - j 2) = 10 - j 2

Zin

Z0 = 1
=

Jim Stiles

-j 3

Z 0 = 1.5
=

The Univ. of Kansas

Z 2 10 j 2

Dept. of EECS

2/1/2012

Example Input Impedance

3/5

Now lets define the input impedance of the middle transmission

line section as Z3:

Z3

Z 0 = 1.5
=

Z 2 10 j 2

Note that this transmission line is a quarter wavelength

( = ). This is one of the special cases we considered

4
earlier! The input impedance Z3 is:

Z 02
Z3 =
ZL
Z 02
=
Z2

1.52
=
10 - j 2
= 0.21 + j 0.043

Thus, we can further simplify the original circuit as:

Zin

Z0 = 1
=

-j 3

Z 3 0.21 j 0.043

Now we find that the impedance Z3 is parallel to the capacitor.

We can combine the two impedances and define the result as
impedance Z4:

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/1/2012

Example Input Impedance

4/5

Z 4 = - j 3 (0.21 + j 0.043)
=

- j 3(0.21 + j 0.043)
- j 3 + 0.21 + j 0.043

= 0.22 + j 0.028

Now we are left with this equivalent circuit:

Zin

Z0 = 1

Z 4 0.22 j 0.028

Note that the remaining transmission line section is a half

wavelength! This is one of the special situations we discussed in
a previous handout. Recall that the input impedance in this case
is simply equal to the load impedance:

Zin = Z L = Z 4 = 0.22 + j 0.028

Whew! We are finally done. The input impedance of the original
circuit is:

Zin

Jim Stiles

Z in 0.22 j 0.028

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS

2/1/2012

Example Input Impedance

5/5

Note this means that this circuit:

0.22

Z in
0.22 j 0.028

j 0.028

and this circuit:

Zin

Z0 = 1
=

-j 3

Z 0 = 1.5
=

Z 0 2.0
=

ZL
1 j2

are precisely the same(at frequency 0 )!

They have exactly the same impedance, and thus they behave
precisely the same way in any circuit (but only at frequency
0 !).

Jim Stiles

The Univ. of Kansas

Dept. of EECS