Politics in India take place within the framework of its constitution, as India is a federal

parliamentary democratic republic in which the President of India is the head of state and the
Prime Minister of India is the head of government. India follows the dual polity system, i.e. a
double government which consists of the central authority at the central and states at the
periphery. Compared to other democratic countries, India has a large number of political parties.
It has been estimated that over 200 parties were formed after India became independent in 1947.
There are different political issues in Indian politics. Some are national level and some regional
level. Some communities just demand more economical and social rights for their communities.
While others demand more autonomy for their cultures within the Indian states. Some demanded
autonomous states within the Indian Union, while the others demanded to be independent from
India. The governmental status of tribal nations is at the heart of nearly every issue that touches
Indian Country. Self-government is essential if tribal communities are to continue to protect their
unique cultures and identities. Tribes have the inherent power to govern all matters involving
their members, as well as a range of issues in Indian Country. In addition, tribal governments are
responsible for a broad range of governmental activities on tribal lands, including education,
law enforcement, judicial systems, health care, environmental protection, natural resource
management, and the development and maintenance of basic infrastructure such as housing,
roads, bridges, sewers, public buildings, telecommunications, broadband and electrical services,
and solid waste treatment and disposal.