Objectives :

To study the characteristics , speed control and efficiency with and without load of the DC shunt
motor .
Introduction :
In this motor the field coils are connected to the DC supply terminals and are in parallel with the
armature circuit . As the main field excited is independent of shaft loading conditions it can be
made virtually constant . In this case the shunt motor can be designed to give an almost
speed/torque characteristics , the speed falling gradually at the upper end of the load range .
Because of the simplicity of its control requirements the DC shunt motor is also widely used as a
variable-speed drive and in automatic speed regulation systems.

Wiring diagram

- Part (A) :
By taking constant field current: If = 2 A
Table (1): Speed control by armature voltage variation "Motor unloaded
Vt(V)
Ia(A)
(rpm)

15
0.8
250

20
0.85
350

25
0.8
480

30
0.8
600

35
0.8
700

40
0.8
800

Part (B) By taking constant voltage = 25 V

.
Table (2): Speed control by field current variation
At Va=25V, No load ( T = 0 )
If (A)
Ia(A)
(rpm)

3
.41
300

2.5
.42
320

2
.42
400

1.5
.42
500

1
.62
700

Table (3): Speed control by field current variation

At Va=25V, T = 0.4 Nm
If (A)
Ia(A)
(rpm)

3
1
300

2.5
1
315

2
1.5
350

1.5
1.2
420

1
1.6
505

- Part (C) :
By taking constant field current : If = 2 A
and by taking constant applied voltage = 30 V
* Efficiency = Pout / Pin * 100
Pin(W)= Va (V) * Ia (A)
Pout(W)= 2 * (rpm) * T (N.m) / 60
Table (4): Motor on load
T (Nm)
Ia(A)
(rpm)
Efficiency
%

0
.5
475

0.2
.65
475

0.4
1.1
445

0.6
1.6
400

0.8
2.1
375

1.0
2.7
350

51.01

56.49

52.36

49.9

45.25

Sample of calculations:
e= Pmech/Pelect
Pmech =2*T*N/60 = 2*.2*475/60 =9.95 W
Pelect= V*Ia = 30*.65= 19.5 W
E= 9.95/19.5
=51.01 %

Discussion:
Referring to fig (1) it can be noticed that the armature voltage is increasing
with the speed while the armature current remain constant, the reason why
the armature current remains constant that the I input entering the motor is
constant, and there is no disturbance like load to break the calm, and the
reason of increasing the terminal voltage the speed increase that basically to
control the speed it must be looked to Ea=Ka so the controlling the
terminal voltage is to control the armature voltage which control speed.
Going to fig (2) ,the purpose of control is to control which have direct
relation with field current ,and with taking the last equation, Ea=Vt-IaRa and
Vt
RaT
=

T=KaIa the result gives

Ka ( Ka )2 which illustrates the behavior at
fig1 and fig2 .
From graph (3) it seems that the curve torque against the armature current
doesn't pass the origin and that's because that there is other consumers of
the power in the engine other than the resisting torque like rotational
losses ,armature circuit losses, shunt fielding winding losses and series field

winding losses ,so even there is no resisting torque ,to let the motor operate
there must armature current ,which can be considered as an indicator how
there is resistance on the system ,which can be concluded from the
experiment.
Finally the graph fig (5) describe the efficiency how it varying with different
torque and for the given the torque better used on the experimented motor
is about 0.6 Nm to give the maximum efficiency, to lower the losses as low
as possible.