Initial Readings

Airspeed =0.3m/s
Mass of empty beaker =198.65g
Empty plate =361.0g
Empty beaker + water = 400.51g
Mass of water =39.51
Mass of plate + sand =1004.6
Mass of sand = 643.6g
Mass of moist sample at time 00:00:00
= mass of sand + mass of water at given time
= 643.6g + 39.51g = 683.11g
Mass of moist sample at time 00:02:00
= 643.6g + 34.4g = 678g
Sample calculations for moisture content and drying rate

Mass of moist sample at giventimeMass of dry sample

mass of dry sample

Moisture content, V =
g water
g dry mass
Drying rate =

v
t

g water
g dry mss x h

At time 00:00:00
V=

683,11643.6
643.6

= 0.061g/min

At time 00:02:00
V=

678643.6
=0.053 g /min
643.6

Drying rate =

0.0610.053
=0.004 g /min
2

SN

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41

Time/hh:mm:ss Temperature, Relative

humidity
%
00:00:00
00:02:00
00:04:00
00:06:00
00:08:00
00:10:00
00:12:00
00:14:00
00:16:00
00:18:00
00:20:00
00:22:00
00:24:00
00:26:00
00:28:00
00:30:00
00:32:00
00:34:00
00:36:00
00:38:00
00:40:00
00:42:00
00:44:00
00:46:00
00:48:00
00:50:00
00:52:00
00:54:00
00:56:00
00:58:00
01:00:00
01:02:00
01:04:00
01:06:00
01:08:00
01:10:00
01:12:00
01:14:00
01:16:00
01:18:00
01:20:00

50
47.4
47.9
48.2
48.4
48.5
48.5
48.4
48.5
48.6
48.6
48.6
48.7
48.5
48.4
48.4
48.4
48.4
48.4
48.4
48.4
48.4
48.5
48.5
48.2
48.3
48.4
48.3
48.4
48.5
48.5
48.4
48.3
48.5
49.0
48.1
48.5
48.5
48.5
48.4
48.5

78.9
30.7
29.8
29.5
29.2
29.2
29.2
29.2
29.1
29.1
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.3
29.2
29.3
29.1
29.2
29.2
29.2
29.9
29.2
28.9
28.6
29.0
28.9
28.6
29.0
29.0
29.0
29.1
29.0

Loading
x,g/kg

66.495
21.218
21.120
21.229
21.225
21.336
21.336
21.225
21.260
21.371
21.295
21.295
21.405
21.185
21.075
21.075
21.075
21.075
21.075
21.075
21.075
21.075
21.411
21.336
21.080
21.040
21.225
21.115
21.225
21.865
21.336
21.000
20.667
21.185
21.663
20.453
21.185
21.185
21.185
21.150
21.185

Mass of
water
+dry
sample g
683.11
678
676.3
674.7
674
672.1
671.9
669.5
668.8
668
666.7
665.6
664.4
663.9
663.2
662.1
661.1
660.6
659.7
658.9
658.4
657.6
657
656.5
656
655.1
654.3
653.7
652.8
652.4
651.6
651.5
650.6
649.7
648.7
648
647.5
647.4
647.3
647.3
646

Mass of
moisture
in
sample, g
39.51
34.4
32.7
31.1
30.4
28.5
28.3
25.9
25.2
24.4
23.1
22.0
20.8
20.3
19.6
18.5
17.5
17.0
16.1
15.3
14.8
14.0
13.4
12.9
12.4
11.5
10.7
10.1
9.2
8.8
8.0
7.9
7.0
6.1
5.1
4.4
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.7
2.4

A graph of mass of moisture against drying time

45
40
35
30
25

Mass of moisture of sample

20
15
10
5
0

Drying time/minutes

DRYING CURVE
0.01
0.01
0.01

Drying rate

0.01
0
0
0

Drying time/minutes

Time/hh:mm:ss
00:00:00
00:02:00
00:04:00
00:06:00
00:08:00
00:10:00
00:12:00
00:14:00
00:16:00
00:18:00
00:20:00
00:22:00
00:24:00
00:26:00
00:28:00
00:30:00
00:32:00
00:34:00
00:36:00
00:38:00
00:40:00
00:42:00
00:44:00
00:46:00
00:48:00
00:50:00
00:52:00
00:54:00
00:56:00
00:58:00
01:00:00
01:02:00
01:04:00
01:06:00
01:08:00
01:10:00
01:12:00
01:14:00
01:16:00
01:18:00
01:20:00

Airspeed/m/sec
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3

Drying rate
0
0.004
0.01
0.0015
0.0005
0.0015
0.005
0.0014
0.0055
0.0006
0.0011
0.0009
0.00085
0.0004
0.00053
0.00088
0.00075
0.0004
0.0007
0.00062
0.00039
0.00062
0.00046
0.00039
0.00039
0.00069
0.000692
0.00047
0.0007
0.00031
0.00062
0.0008
0.0007
0.00069
0.00078
0.00054
0.00039
0.00008
0.000075
0
0.00077
0

POST LAB
1.

X =Loading, for heating section there is no change in loading. [X1= X2]

X1= 5.913g/kg
=30%
1 =25

2 =48

h1= specific humidity=40.21KJ/Kg

V = volumetric flow rate
Volumetric flow rate (V ) = Velocity (v) X Area (A)
Area= 350 X 10-3m X 350 X 10-3m

A= 0.1225m2

V = 1.5 X 0.1225
V = 0.18375m3/s

Mass: modelling the process as steady flow process

Mass balance for dry air, 1= 2

1= 2 =
Energy balance
Qin + 1h1 = 2h2
Qin = 1h1 - 2h2
=

0.18375
0.853 =0.2154kg/s

Qin = (h2 h1) = 0.2154(63.59-40.21) =5.036 kJ/s

2.
I.

Convective drying is used for drying Crystalline Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

(API) for the production of consistent, stable free flowing materials for formulation,

II.

packaging, storage and transport.

Convective drying is used in food industries to dry petri dishes and other useful glass
wares before conducting yeast and moulds experiment on finished food products.

3.
I.
II.

Temperature
Specific volume