Review Exercises for Chapter 1

Review Exercises for Chapter 1

1. Calculus required. Using a graphing utility, you can estimate the length to be 8.3.
Or, the length is slightly longer than the distance between the two points, 8.25.
3.

0.1

0.01 0.001

f x

0.26

0.25

0.250

0.001

0.01

0.1

0.2499

0.249

0.24

lim f x  0.25

x0

5. hx 

x2  2x
x

7. lim 3  x  3  1  2

(a) lim hx  2

x1

x0

Let  > 0 be given. Choose   . Then for

(b) lim hx  3

0 < x  1 <   , you have

x1

x  1 < 
1  x < 
3  x  2 < 
 f x  L < 
9. lim x2  3  1
x2

 

 x  2.

Let  > 0 be given. We need x2  3  1 <  x2  4  x  2x  2 <  x  2 <

Assuming, 1 < x < 3, you can choose   5. Hence, for 0 < x  2 <   5 you have

x  2 < 5 < x  2

x  2x  2 < 
x2  4 < 
x2  3  1 < 
 f x  L < 

11. lim t  2  4  2  6  2.45

13. lim

t2

t4

15. lim

x4

x  2

x4

 lim

x4

 lim

x4

x  2

17. lim

x  2x  2
1
x  2

1
4  2

x0

1
4

x3  125
x  5x2  5x  25
 lim
x5 x  5
x5
x5

19. lim

 lim x2  5x  25

x5

 75

21. lim

x0

1
t2
1
 lim

t2  4 t2 t  2
4

1x  1  1
1  x  1
 lim
x0
x
xx  1
1
 1
 lim
x0 x  1

1  cos x
x
 lim
x0 sin x
sin x


1  xcos x  10  0

47

48

Chapter 1

23. lim

x0

Limits and Their Properties

sin 6  x  12

sin 6 cos x  cos 6 sin x  12
 lim
x0
x
x
1
2

 lim

x0

0

3 sin x
cos x  1
 lim
 x
x0 2
x

3

1 

3

25. lim  f x  gx   4 3    2

3

xc

27. f x 
(a)

2x  1  3

x1

1.1

1.01

1.001

1.0001

f x

0.5680

0.5764

0.5773

0.5773

lim

2x  1  3

x1

x1

(c) lim

2x  1  3

x1

x1

 Actual limit is 33.

 0.577
 lim

2x  1  3

x1

x1

 lim

2
2x  1  3

2
23

sa  st
4.942  200  4.9t2  200
 lim
ta
t4
at
4t
t4

2
0

1
3

3
3

29. lim

 lim

2x  1  3

2x  1  3
x  1 2x  1  3 

x1

2x  1  3

 lim
x1

(b)

31. lim
x3

x  3 
x3

lim

x3 

 x  3
 1
x3

4.9t  4t  4
4t

 lim 4.9t  4  39.2 msec

t4

33. lim f x  0

x2

35. lim ht does not exist because lim ht  1  1  2 and
t1

t1

lim ht  121  1  1.

t1

37. f x  x  3
lim x  3  k  3 where k is an integer.

xk

lim x  3  k  2 where k is an integer.

xk

Nonremovable discontinuity at each integer k

Continuous on k, k  1 for all integers k
41. f x 
lim

x2

1
x  22

1

x  22

Nonremovable discontinuity at x  2
Continuous on 
, 2  2,


39. f x 

3x2  x  2 3x  2x  1


x1
x1

lim f x  lim 3x  2  5

x1

x1

Removable discontinuity at x  1
Continuous on 
, 1  1,

43. f x 

3
x1

lim f x  

x1

lim f x 

x1

Nonremovable discontinuity at x  1
Continuous on 
, 1  1,


Problem Solving for Chapter 1

45. f x  csc

x
2

49

47. f 2  5
Find c so that lim cx  6  5.

Nonremovable discontinuities at each even integer.

Continuous on

x2

c2  6  5

2k, 2k  2

2c  1

for all integers k.

c

x2  4
x2
 x  2
x2
x2

51. f x 

49. f is continuous on 1, 2. f 1  1 < 0 and

f 2  13 > 0. Therefore by the Intermediate Value
Theorem, there is at least one value c in 1, 2 such
that 2c3  3  0.

1
2

(a) lim f x  4

x2

(b) lim f x  4

x2

(c) lim f x does not exist.

x2

53. gx  1 

2
x

55. f x 

Vertical asymptote at x  10

Vertical asymptote at x  0

57.

lim

x2

2x2  x  1
 
x2

61. lim

x2  2x  1
 
x1

65. lim

sin 4x
4 sin 4x
 lim
x0
5x
5 4x

69. C 

80,000p
, 0 0 < 100
100  p

x1

x0

8
x  102

59.

lim

x1

x1
1
1
 lim

x3  1 x1 x2  x  1 3

63. lim x 
x0


 54

67. lim
x0

(a) C15  $14,117.65

(b) C50  $80.000

(c) C90  $720,000

(d)

lim

p100

1
 
x3

csc 2x
1
 lim

x 0 x sin 2x
x

80,000p

100  p 

Problem Solving for Chapter 1

1. (a) Perimeter PAO  x2  y  12  x2  y2  1


x2



x2

 1 

Perimeter PBO  x  1 
2

y2

x2

x2

x4

y2

1

1

 x  12  x4  x2  x4  1

(c) lim r x 

x0

101 2
 1
101 2

(b) rx 

x2  x2  12  x2  x4  1
x  12  x4  x2  x4  1

0.1

0.01

Perimeter PAO

33.02

9.08

3.41

2.10

2.01

Perimeter PBO

33.77

9.60

3.41

2.00

2.00

rx

0.98

0.95

1.05

1.005

50

Chapter 1

Limits and Their Properties

3. (a) There are 6 triangles, each with a central angle of

60   3. Hence,

5. (a) Slope  

12bh
 6 121 sin 3

Area hexagon  6

(b) Slope of tangent line is

33
 2.598.
2

y  12 
h = sin

h = sin 60

y

mx 
Error:  

33
 0.5435.
2

12bh
 n 121 sin 2n
 n sin 22 n.

An

12

2.598

24

48

3.106

An 

12  169  x2
12  169  x2

 lim

x2  25
x  512  169  x2

 lim

x  5
12  169  x2

3.139


Letting x  2 n,

144  169  x2

x  512  169  x2

x5

(d) As n gets larger and larger, 2 n approaches 0.

12  169  x2
x5

 lim

x5

96

3.133

x5

x5

An  n

5
169
x
Tangent line
12
12

(d) lim mx  lim

(b) There are n triangles, each with central angle of

  2 n. Hence,

5
x  5
12

 169  x2  12
x5

x5

(c)

5
.
12

(c) Q  x, y  x, 169  x2 

60

12
5

5
10

12  12 12

This is the same slope as part (b).

sin2 n sin2 n
sin x



2 n
2 n
x

which approaches 1  .

7. (a) 3  x1 3 0

(b)

(c)

0.5

x1 3 3

x 27

30

Domain: x 27, x
1
(d) lim f x  lim
x1

12
0.1

3  x1 3  2

x1

x1

3  x1 3  2
3  x1 3  2

3  x1 3  4
x1 x  1 3  x1 3  2 

 lim
 lim

x1 x1 3

 lim

x1

 1

x2 3

x1 3  1
 x1 3  13  x1 3  2

1
x2 3  x1 3  13  x1 3  2

1
1

1  1  12  2 12

9. (a) lim f x  3: g1, g4

x2

(b) f continuous at 2: g1
(c) lim f x  3: g1, g3, g4
x2

lim f x 

x27

3  271 3  2

27  1

2
1

 0.0714
28 14

Problem Solving for Chapter 1

11.

13. (a)

4
3

2
1
4 3 2 1

x
1

2
3

x
a

(a)

f 1  1  1  1  1  0

(b) (i) lim Pa, bx  1

xa

f 0  0

(ii) lim Pa, bx  0

f 12   0  1  1

(iii) lim Pa, bx  0

f 2.7  3  2  1
(b)

lim f x  1

x1

lim f x  1

x1

lim f x  1

x1 2

(c) f is continuous for all real numbers except

x  0, 1, 2, 3, . . .

xa

xb

(iv) lim Pa, bx  1

xb

(c) Pa, b is continuous for all positive real numbers

except x  a, b.
(d) The area under the graph of u,
and above the x-axis, is 1.

51