MANUKAU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TRADES

NEW ZEALAND DIPLOMA IN ENGINEERING

Student Name :- hitesh prashar

Experiment Title :- Impact of jet

Section

Weighting

Failure to attend will result in a Zero mark.

Any evidence of copying will result in a Zero
mark (for all involved students).
Objective and Relevant theory
Assumptions
Method of data collection
Raw data
Health & safety
Calculations/ observations
Use of graphs
Discussion
Conclusion
Marks will be deducted for;

Poor use of grammar, spelling, punctuation.

Incorrect or missing units of measure.
Unsupported arguments or conclusions.
Unstated assumptions in either data or
calculations.
Failure to present the original data
collected.
Final mark, % (total weighted mark)

3
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
1

Up to 10%
off

Scored 1- 5

Mark

Aim:

To prove that vane is proportional to the rate of giving momentum by providing the
force.
To verify that the force which act on the vane is arrangement of surface shape the
properties of jet which acted upon it.

Theory: This practical is run to find out the force by impact of jet in to three kinds of
plates;

Flat plate.
30 angled plate
Hemispherical plate.

Basically Force in change of rate of momentum is (F)= Density Q V (i)

F= force
Density ()= density of water is 1000kg/ m
Q= flow rate of water (

m3 /s

V = difference between (voutput

vinput)

According to the equation the voutput is equivalent to the vinput. Furthermore, the
difference in the elevation by the controls in system is negligible. The force caused
by water jet is in y directions and is equivalent to the mass placed in to the weight
pan.
F=mg
As a reference of Bernoullis equation, the velocity of water V:

V=

-2gh .. (ii)

Now if we add (i) and (ii)

mg= Q

(Q)2
2 gh .. FOR FLAT
A

mg= 2 Q

(Q)2
2 gh FOR HEMISPHERICAL .
A

Apparatus:

Stop watch.
Jet impact apparatus.
Weight
Water supply.
Water tube.
3 types of plates.

TecQuipment supply a flat plate, 30 angled and hemispherical cup.

Assumptions:

The time measure thing must be correct.

The timing in practical must be sharp as the fluid on mark.
Apparatus must be on flat place.
Place the weight in appropriate marking.

Health and safety:

Procedure:

Read instructions before start the practical.

Make sure someone near to you who did earlier this experiment.
We deal with the weight so wear the safety shoes.
Check the apparatus properly before run the practical.
When the experiment started dont touch the water because the flow by
the electric motor so sometime current flows in water.

First of all balance the scale or flat plate where we put the weight
according to the scale marking.
After balance the lever no any one touch the apparatus because it does
affect the impact of jet on the plate.
Secondly, switch on the water flow. And set up the pressure accurately by
the control valve.
Set the pressure at the point where the water touch with the plate.
Now block the water in the sump by long pipe which is stop the water flow
to go back in to the water tank.
Now the water will rise in the gauge.
Turn on the stop watch and write down time in (sec) to reach the water
level at 5 liters.
Use the same process for other types plate and in each plate calculate the
readings 9 times by changing the (y) distance on the scale.

Raw data:
Flat plate

Time (S)

30 angled plate

9.71

Y distance
(mm)
70

10.26

Time (S)

hemisphere

Time (S)

9.25

Y distance
(mm)
90

9.35

Y distance
(mm)
150

65

9.31

85

9.8

140

10.81

60

9.70

80

10.43

130

11.11

55

9.98

75

10.86

120

11.26

50

10.75

70

11.48

110

11.46

45

11.08

65

12.2

100

12.7
13.37
13.9

40
35
30

11.13
11.37
12.49

60
55
50

12.88
13.47
13.88

90
80
70

Calculations:
Calculations for hemisphere:
T (time): 9.35 sec
Y (position of jockey) = 150 mm (0.150m)
Flow rate=

0.005
=0.000534 m3 /s
9.35

Mass flow rate=

0.000534 1000=0.534 kg . s1

v 1=0.534 12.76=6.823 m/s

2
v 2 = 6.823 0.686

= 6.773 m/s

F= 4 g y
F= 4 9.81 0.15 = 5.886N
Rate of momentum: 2 0.534 6.773=7.24 m/s
Tables : we start with hemisphere;
Flow rate
3

m /s

Mass
flow
rate

Distanc
e
Y (mm)

Velocity(

Velocity(

Rate of
momentu
m

Force
(N)

v1

v2

0
0.534
0.510
0.479
0.460
0.435
0.409
0.388
0.371
0.360

0
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70

0
6.823
6.510
6.116
5.874
5.557
5.229
4.953
4.736
4.59

0
6.823
6.457
6.06
5.816
5.94
5.163
4.883
4.663
4.52

0
7.24
6.586
5.806
5.35
4.781
4.223
3.789
3.459
3.255

0
5.886
5.5
5.10
4.708
4.316
3.924
3.531
3.139
2.746

Mass
flow
rate

Distanc
e
Y (mm)

Velocity(

Velocity(

Rate of
momentu
m

Force (N)

v1

v2

90
85
80
75
70
65

6.897
6.852
6.577
6.392
5.934
5.758

6.847
6.802
6.524
6.338
5.876
5.698

3.216
3.177
3.139
2.762
2.377
2.235

3.531
3.335
2.923
2.943
2.746
2.550

kg . s1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

0
0.000534
0.000510
0.000479
0.000460
0.000435
0.000409
0.000388
0.000371
0.000360

300 angel plate:

Flow rate
3

m /s

kg . s
1
2
3
4
5
6

0.000540
0.000537
0.000515
0.000501
0.000465
0.000451

0.540
0.537
0.515
0.501
0.465
0.451

7
8
9

0.000449
0.000439
0.000400

0.449
0.439
0.400

60
55
50

5.732
5.611
5.108

5.672
5.549
5.040

2.215
2.119
1.754

2.354
2.158
1.962

Mass
flow
rate

Distanc
e
Y (mm)

Velocity(

Velocity(

Force (N)

v1

v2

Rate of
momentu
m

70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30

6.570
6.218
5.901
5.742
5.666
5.567
5.023
4.772
4.589

6.570
6.162
5.843
5.682
5.605
5.505
4.954
4.699
4.514

3.377
3.00
2.699
2.557
2.488
2.400
1.947
1.752
1.620

2.746
2.550
2.354
2.158
1.962
1.765
1.569
1.373
1.177

Flat plate:
Flow rate
3

m /s

kg . s1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

0.000514
0.000487
0.000462
0.000450
0.000444
0.000436
0.000397
0.000373
0.000359

0.514
0. 487
0.462
0.450
0.444
0.436
0.397
0.373
0.359

Graphs: graph of 300 angel.

300 angel
4
3.5
3
2.5
force (n)

2
1.5
1
0.5
0

0.5

1.5

rate of momentum

2.5

3.5

Graph of flat plate:

flate plate
3
2.5
2
Force (n)

1.5
1
0.5
0

0.5

1.5

rate of momentum

Graph of hemisphere plate:

2.5

3.5

Hemisphere plate
7
6
5
4
Force (n)

3
2
1
0

4.5

5.5

6.5

Rate of momentum

force vs rate of momentum

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

0.5

1.5
30 angled plate

2.5
flate plate

3.5

hemisphere plate

Discussion: As we now the above graph is drawn from calculated values from the practical.
And if we compare the three kinds of graphs the hemisphere plate graph slope is kind of
straight as compare to the other two graphs. The other two graphs might be not straight
because of some errors, and as we know errors effects to the values and further it effects
the graphs. Secondly, the students who did the experiment they just stand around the
table or sump table so some put their hands on it, which cause vibrate or unbalance the
jockey weight. So its also cause of some wrong values. The water flow rate also cause of
error because the flow of water is handled by control valve.
Conclusion: overall, the experiment was good we really enjoy that time. We learn many
things from this practical and There was some errors happened which effects our results so
if mistakes not happen during the experiment, it can give us accurate result and graphs as
well.