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Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering: Yazdan Shirvany, Gholamreza Zahedi, Mohsen Bashiri
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering: Yazdan Shirvany, Gholamreza Zahedi, Mohsen Bashiri
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering: Yazdan Shirvany, Gholamreza Zahedi, Mohsen Bashiri
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history:
Received 14 January 2008
Accepted 28 May 2010
Keywords:
water content
natural gas
articial neural networks
a b s t r a c t
In this paper a new method based an articial neural network (ANN) for prediction of natural gas mixture
water content (NGMWC) is presented. H2S mole fraction, temperature, and pressure have been input
variables of the network and NGMWC has been set as network output. Among the 136 data set 80 data have
been implemented to nd best ANN structure. 56 data have been used to check generalization capability of
the best trained ANN. Comparisons show average absolute error (AAE) equal to 1.437 between ANN
estimations and unseen experimental data. ANNs also have been compared with two commonly used
correlations in gas industry. Results show ANN superiority to correlations. Especially in higher hydrogen
sulde content in spite of ANN good predictions there was considerable deviation between experimental
data and common correlations. The proposed ANN model is able to estimate NGMWC as a function of
hydrogen sulde composition up to 89.6 mol%, temperatures between 50 and 350 F and pressure from 200
up to 3500 psia.
2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Water is mixture with natural gas from the reservoir, through
production and processing, and is concerned in transmission. Natural
gas reservoirs always have water associated with them; gas in the
reservoir is saturated by water. When the gas is produced water is
produced too from the reservoir directly. Other water produced with
the gas is water of condensation formed because of the changes in
pressure and temperature during production. In the transmission of
natural gas further condensation of water is troublesome (Sharma and
Campbell, 1969). It can increase pressure drop in the line and
frequently causes corrosion problems. Natural gas freshly obtained
from gas elds cannot be transported before it has been dried. When
natural gas is liqueed, residual amounts of the water would freeze out
and block valves. Moist natural gas also has a lower caloric value.
Highly pure, dry protective gases (e.g. nitrogen, argon) are essential for
many production processes in the chemical and technical industries.
For example, the use of dry protective gas increases the corrosion
resistance of a welding. Therefore, water should be removed from the
natural gas before it is offered to be transmitted in the pipeline. For
these arguments, the water content of sour gas could be important for
engineering attention. In a study of the water content of natural gases
Lukacs (1963) measured the water content of pure methane at 160 F
and pressures up to 1500 psia. Gillespie et al. (1984) predicted the
157
Ni
nj = wij oi + j ;
i=1
Nj
nk = wjk oj + k :
kz
1e
:
1 + ekz
ok = wjk f
j=1
Ni
wij ni + j
i=1
Ni
nj = wij oi + j ;
ok = f nk ;
Nj
nk = wjk oj + k ;
10
oj = f nj :
11
j=1
oj = f nj ;
+ k :
where:
i=1
j=1
E =
2
1 n
yj oj
n j=1
where yj is the target data and oj is the output of the neural networks.
In our method the target data is the experimental data. In this
158
research the network has been studied via the fast convergence
gradient-descend back-propagation method with momentum term
for the nonnegative energy function (Zahedi et al., 2009). According to
the gradient-descend algorithm with momentum the changes of the
weights and bias, wt, t through the minimization of the energy
function with respect to the weights wt, and bias, t, are as:
t
w =
Eq
t1
+ w ;
wt
10
Eq
t1
+ :
t
11
H2S mol%
T (F)
P (psia)
Experimental
7.96
8.00
9.06
10.00
15.71
16.00
17.00
17.46
18.10
19.00
21.00
27.50
27.50
29.00
43.80
47.30
75.56
81.25
89.52
200.0
130.0
200.0
100.0
120.0
159.8
160.0
120.0
120.0
160.0
160.0
160.0
160.0
160.0
120
200
120
200
120
200
1500
200
1100
200
1395
1010
200
200
611
358
1392
1367
925
200
200
200
200
200
2835.0
111.0
2820.0
81.0
414.8
226.0
292.0
526.5
378.8
442.0
712.0
247.0
247.0
328.0
568.4
3087.0
559.1
2916.0
619.9
AAD%
Wichert
W.C (calc)
2506.0
116.0
2500.0
75.0
380.1
231.0
294.0
379.2
378.6
418.0
707.0
264.0
268.0
330.0
388.0
2462.0
BM
ANN
Div%
W.C (calc)
Div%
W.C (calc)
Div%
11.60
4.50
11.34
7.41
8.36
2.21
0.68
32.59
0.05
5.43
0.07
6.88
8.50
0.61
31.74
2866.0
113.0
2855.0
83.0
430.5
260.0
322.0
433.7
434.2
467.0
723.0
297.0
300.0
375.0
446.0
1.09
1.80
1.24
2.47
3.66
15.04
10.27
17.62
14.62
5.66
1.54
20.24
21.45
0.61
21.53
2890.0
113.0
2877.9
81.3
420.3
231.9
298.6
529.4
384.9
447.0
709.3
253.3
257.2
334.6
570.1
1.94
1.80
2.05
0.37
1.33
2.61
2.26
0.55
1.66
1.13
0.38
2.55
4.13
2.01
0.30
0.55
data are based on sour gas. 136 data sets were obtained. Among 136 data
sets 80 points were used for training the ANN and the remaining 56 data
sets were used for accuracy checks of the simulation. The input variables
of model and their operating ranges are as; hydrogen sulde
composition up to 89.6 mol% and is applicable for temperatures
between 50 and 350 F and pressure from 200 up to 3500 psia and
Table 1
ANN model variables and their ranges.
Variable
Range
H2S (mol%)
T (F)
P (psia)
Water content (lb/MMSCF)
7.9689.52
50350
2003500
40.63500
Fig. 4. Articial neural network prediction of gas mixtures water content, (lb/MMSCF).
159
ValueApproximate
100
Value
12
AAD% =
1 p j ValueiApproximatei j
100
Np i = 1
Valuei
13
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