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1. Directional derivative = gradf . ( ̅ / | | ) subsonic speeds it lies near 25% of chord. Aft position
of center of pressure provides more longitudinal
� � ̂ − ̂ stability.
=[ ̂ + ̂] .
� � √ Correct Answer is (C)

8. During cruise, if an aircraft encounters head wind then

= [ x+y ̂ + xy ̂ ] . [ ̂ − ̂]
it will be resistance to its motion while if tail wind is
encountered then, it helps to move forward as it pushes
At a point (1,1), we get aircraft in the forward direction. During landing, more
resistance is required moreover lift also increases, thus
= [ ̂+ ]̂ . [ ̂ − ̂] = − head wind is more favorable.
Correct Answer is (A)
Correct Answer is (D)
9. Time period for an oscillation in phugoid mode is given
2. To solve the integral by
√
=
+
∫ Therefore, frequency
+ −
=
√
Let x2 + 4x – 21 = t Correct Answer is (B)
On differentiating both the sides we get
dt = 2x + 4 = 2(x + 2) 10. For a 2D flow slope of a streamline is given by
=
Putting back in integral, also change limits, for x = 4, t
= 11 and for x = 5, t = 24 On putting the values as given in question, we get

=
= ∫ =

⇒ = , on integrating we get − =
Correct Answer is (A) This is an equation of a hyperbola
Correct Answer is (A)
3. If we plot the graph of y = |x|
11. Entropy of a system increases for normal shock wave
We can see that the function while for expansion wave, the process is isentropic.
is continuous at x = 0 but not Thus at a sharp expansion corner, the flow gets expand
differentiable since there abruptly and thus the process cannot be considered as
exist two slopes at the same an isentropic process. And in nature entropy of a system
point. always increases or it remains constant for reversible
process only. Thus entropy increases.
4. The eigenvector ν of a matrix A is defined as
Correct Answer is (B)
Aν = λν
12. Divergence of velocity ∇. is physically the time rate
Putting the values as given in the question of change of the volume, per unit volume.

− �∀
[ − ][ ] = �[ ] ∇. =
�∀
−
Correct Answer is (A)
[ ] = �[ ]
Trick
The only value of λ which satisfies the relation is Zero. This question can easily be done using Dimensional
analysis. Right hand side of all the options is same
5. Correct Answer is (D) and has units 1/sec.
�
∇ is etc. therefore it has units 1/m. On left hand
�
6. Correct Answer is (C) side, (A) has units 1/sec, (B) has units m/sec, (C) has
units 1/sec2, (D) has units m/sec2
7. At supersonic speeds the Centre of Pressure of wing Therefore right option could be (A) only.
moves back to approximately 50% of chord. While at

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13. For a flat plate, 20. The energy released by fuel increases temperature of
� � fuel-air mixture in combustor.
= , = ̇ = ( ̇ + ̇ �) ∆
√ − √ −
̇ × × =( ̇ + )× × −
Thus, On solving, we get ̇ = 0.345 kg/s
√ −
= 21. Temperature at outlet of compressor T03 is related to
compressor efficiency ηc as
Correct Answer is (B) − /
= [ + { − }]
14. The critical Mach number is a number for which the
flow over the surface attains the sonic velocity for the If ηc is lower, T03 will be higher. Therefore lesser fuel
first time. For a flat plate, the flow velocity over the will be required to raise the temperature to the fixed
surface becomes sonic only when the free stream is turbine inlet temperature.
sonic.
Hence, for a thin flat plate, critical Mach number is 1. Correct Answer is (D)

15. The damping ratio ξ for an oscillation is related to

amplitude as
� If efficiency of a compressor is lower more work will
= be done by the compressor. Therefore, the outlet
√ −�
on substituting the value of X2/X1 = 2.5 and solving the
above equation, we get ξ = 0.144
16. When pure twist is applied to the thin cross section of
the long thin walled member, the point rotates about the
axis of pure twist. Thus it can’t move axially but it
moves in a circular fashion. Thus it moves horizontally
and vertically.
Correct Answer is (B)
17. Twist per unit length is given by
= 11 km.
� Correct Answer is (D)
For thin sections,
× + × +
=∑ =
On substituting the all values, we get twist per unit
length = 0.125 rad/m
18. The shear flow q in a closed channel is related to
Torque applied as T = 2qA, where A is total bounded
area between the walls.
T = 10 kNm, A = 0.5×0.2 m2 on putting the values we
get q = 50 kN/m
And this is same in all the walls.
Correct Answer is (D)
19. If the turbine blades are cooled, the turbine inlet
temperature can be increased. Thus the combustion
chamber temperature can be increased. Higher is the
chamber temperature, higher is the thrust of an engine.
The compressor work for both the engine would be
same. As combustion chamber temperature is increased
fuel flow rate of engine has to be increased to get higher
temperature.
Correct Answer is (D)
Trick
temperature would be higher. Therefore lesser fuel
will be required to raise the temperature to the fixed
turbine inlet temperature.
22. The combustor volume is designed on the basis of the
mass flow capacity of an engine. Higher is the mass
flow rate through an engine, the combustor should be
capable to accommodate enough volume capacity to
hold the air for combustion. At MSL, the density is
higher while at 11 Km density is low. Thus for the same
engine performance, the volume of combustor must be
designed considering all the parameters with respect to
23. Low earth orbit (LEO) is the orbit which is at lower
× altitude compared to geo stationary orbit (GSO). Thus
to transfer the payload at LEO, the amount of propellant
required is less compared to GSO.
Correct Answer is (B)
24. For an ideal ramjet engine, the flow through whole
engine is considered as an isentropic flow except for
combustion chamber. In combustion chamber heat is
added to the system so the total stagnation temperature
increases. During isentropic process, total stagnation
temperature remains constant. This corresponds to
graph B.
Correct Answer is (B)
25. As the flow is considered as an isentropic flow,
�−
�
=( )
−
Since = it implies that =
−
T0 = chamber temperature = 3000 K
P0 = chamber pressure = 100 bar
P = ambient static pressure = 1 bar

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cp = specific heat at constant pressure = 1 kJ/kg-K 29. The given differential equation is - 2 + y = 0.
R = specific gas constant = 287 J/kg-K
The auxiliary equation is (D2 – 2D +1)y = 0
On substituting the above values, we get T = 800 K The roots of this auxiliary equation are real and equal.
which is near to the 805 K given in the option. The roots are D = 1, 1
Correct Answer is (A) Thus the complementary equation is y = (C1 + C2t)et

26. The integral is to be evaluated over a surface S: x2 +y2 + Now finding the constant terms C1 and C2 from the
z2 = 1. given initial conditions. We get C1 = 0 and C1 = 1.

= ∬( ̂+ ̂+ ̂ ). ( ̂ + ̂ + ̂) The solution of the differential equation becomes,

y = t.et
=∬ + + When t = 1, y = e.
Correct Answer is (A)
Our first aim is to convert dS to dxdy form. This is done
by 30. For maximum range, glider must fly at (CL/CD)max.
So CD0 = CDi

� � � � =
= √( ) +( ) +( ) �
� � � ⇒ =√ � � = .

Since x2 +y2 + z2 = 1 And CD = CD0 + CDi = 0.04

=√ − +
Now Range, R = h(CL/CD) = 9.658 km.

∴ =√ − + + �∞ √ −
√ − + √ − + 31. In level flight turn, R = and ω =
√ − �∞
From the above equations, for the maximum turn rate,
load factor (n) should be highest and for minimum turn
=√ =√ = radius, aircraft must have minimum possible velocity.
− +
Correct Answer is (C)
Putting it back in our original equation
32. The Roll stability derivative Clβ is related to Lift Curve
=∬ + + slope CLα as
Γ . ×
=− =− =− .
=∬ +∬ +∬
(You may wish to refer to “Aircraft Design – A
Since first function is even in x, second in x, y both and conceptual approach by DP Raymer” for more on this
third in y; their integration within symmetrical limits [-1 topic)
to +1] would be zero.
33. From area velocity relation,
27. Using the known relations
�
ℒ sinh t = = =− − M
− − �

ℒ e sinh t = = As given in question the area is changed by 3%, dA/A =

− − − 0.03 and M = 0.5
�
× We get, = - 0.04
�
ℒ e sinh t = =
− − Continuity equation in differential form is given as
� �
+ + =0
Correct Answer is (B) � �
� �
Substituting = -0.04 and = 0.03
28. For a given matrix to be orthonormal, if a row or � �
column is multiplied by itself it should give 0 and if it is We get, = 0.01
multiplied by any other it should give 1.
Also the value of the determinant of such matrix is This indicates that change is density is 1% of the
equal to +1. original density of the flow
On substituting the values of a, b and c from options we
can get to the answer.
Correct Answer is (D)

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34. The stream function as given in the question is

37. According to Prandtl-Meyer function,
� Г
�=− + ∆θ = ν(M2) – ν(M1) = 3°

Radial velocity of the storm ⇒ ν(M2) = 26.38° + 3° = 29.38°

� � From the given table, it is clear that this value of ν lies

= =− =− =− between Mach number 2.1 to 2.2.

Correct Answer is (C)

Tangential velocity of the storm

� Γ 38. Slope of Neutral axis is given by

� =− =− =− =−
−
tan� =
−
Resultant of these two velocity = + � = ⁄

Gauge pressure is the difference in pressure at a point to

the some reference point =

.
− ρ = −

Correct Answer is (D)

35. The system of horseshoe vortices can be

drawn as shown The co-ordinates of the booms are (-a, a), (0, a), (0, -a)
and (a, -a).
Finding all the values required for formula, let A be the
across sectional area of each boom.

s s s = ∑� = �
Since all the vortices have equal strengths, the middle
lines cancel out. So we are only left with a single horse = ∑� = �
shoe vortex of span 3s.

= ∑� =− �

Putting in our main formula with Mx = M & My = 0, as

given in question, we get

tan� = −
Referring Prandtl’s Classic Lifting Line theory, the
downwash by a single horse shoe vortex is given by which mean α = -45°
Γ
=− Correct Answer is (A)
/ −
Here b is span which is 3s in our case and y is distance 39. When torque is applied to given shaft, the shear stress
taken from mid span. Putting these values would vary linearly with radial location but angle of
twist remains same.
Γ Γ
=− =−
− Therefore, shear strain is continuous across the
interface.
Correct Answer is (C)
Correct Answer is (B)
36. The Bernoulli’s equation is applicable only to inviscid,
incompressible and irrotational flows only. In the given
figure the flow is irrotational at each and every point
except for point 3 and 4.
Correct Answer is (C)

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44. Here, the sign convention for sagging is +ve and for
hogging it is –ve. To find the moment at midpoint of
40. The forces are being acted as AB, we are required to find the reaction forces at end A
FB FC
shown in the figure below. and B.
(B) (C) FA + FB = q. L
FA + FB + FC = P
Taking moment about A, we have
FA
If we look along the diagonal FB L – q =0
AC, we can see that plate is (A) (D) FB = qL
hinged from the middle (at points
A & C). [Fig. 1] Therefore, FA = qL
P
Now taking moment from left end at midpoint of AB,

FB FA FC
(B) (A, C) (D) (A) (D, B) (C) M id i f = × − × =
P
(Fig. 1) (Fig. 2)
Correct Answer is (A)
If we look along the diagonal DB, we can see that plate 45. In a Liquid oxygen – Liquid hydrogen rocket, Oxygen
is hinged from the middle (at points B). [Fig. 2] works as oxidizer and hydrogen as fuel. Therefore
̇
In Fig. 1, taking moments about hinge point oxidizer-fuel ratio O/F = 5 means ̇ = .
P × ℓ/2 = -FB × ℓ/2 Since ̇ = 12.5 kg/s ⇒ ̇ = 62.5 kg/s
FB = -P
In Fig. 2, taking moments about hinge point Total mass flow rate ̇ = ̇ + ̇ = 75 kg/s
FA × ℓ/2 = FC × ℓ/2
FA = FC = = = Ns/kg
But FA + FB + FC = P, therefore FA = FC = P ̇
Correct Answer is (B) Correct Answer is (B)
41. The arrangement would work like a lever. When a load 46. For a 50 % reaction, α1 = β2 = 45°,
P is applied at C then 2P load is transmitted at B. Ca = 100 m/s, U = 300 m/s
BD is a column hinged at both ends whose buckling
relation is given by Work done per unit mass
4
̇ = U (Cθ2 – C θ1)
= = = U (U – Catan β2 – Catanα1)

On substituting all the values, we get work done per

On solving for P we get 1937.9 N
unit mass is 30 kJ/kg.
42. From pure bending theory, Correct Answer is (A)

47. Using ideal rocket equation,

�
= ⇒� = � =
�

Where Mi is the initial mass of a rocket which includes

For Airy’s stress function,
mass of propellant, payload and structural mass while
Mf is the final mass of a rocket which excludes mass of
�
=� ⇒ϕ = propellant only.

Correct Answer is (B) For rocket P, it is a two stage rocket:

ΔVP = ΔV1 + ΔV2
43. The natural frequency of the cantilever beam is
For first stage, second stage also acts as a payload as it
has to carry second stage to a certain height
ω =√ =√ =√
� ⁄ � =
now substituting For second stage, only pay load is 2 kg. First stage is
ωn = 10 rad/s; b =0.008 m; d = 0.006 m ; l = 0.6 m detached. So final mass of stage 2 includes only
structural and payload mass.
We get E = 70 GPa
� =

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For rocket Q, it is a single stage rocket. 54. Since the aircraft is already in cruise, it is flying
Initial mass of this rocket is 442 kg and final mass of trimmed.
this rocket is 42 kg. L = W = ½ρV2SCL
CL = 2(W/S) / ρV2 = 0.202
� =
Correct Answer is (D)

Therefore 55. Moment coefficient about CG

� � + � + = + −
�
, ,�
= = = .
� �
Correct Answer is (B) At trim moment coefficient about CG is zero
=− . + . − .
48. On putting the values of W, S, CLmax and ρ, we get
stalling velocity
On solving we get = .
Correct Answer is (C)
V a =√ = . /
� 56. The minimum value of X/Y would be given by
Xmin/Ymax = 3/11
Correct Answer is (B) The maximum value of X/Y would be given by
Xmax/Ymin = 5/8
49. Maximum Velocity of an aircraft is governed by Thrust Correct Answer is (B)
Availability (TA) and Thrust required to overcome drag
(TR). As speed increases TR increases. At a speed where 57. Correct Answer is (C)
TR is more than TA, it becomes Vmax. 58. Correct Answer is (C)
The relation is given by 59. Correct Answer is (D)
60. Correct Answer is (B)
61. When we substitute value of t as (1/2, 3/2) then only the
⁄ +√ ⁄ − � W velocity will lie between 32 m/s and 64 m/s
√
V � = Correct Answer is (C)
� S
62. Consider total number of products be 100. Then
On substituting the values, we get Vmax = 119.46 m/s according to the given condition 60 are manufactured
by M1 and 40 are manufactured by M2.
Correct Answer is (C) Now 2% of products of M1 are defective. This means
1.2 products from M1 is defective. 3% of product of M2
Trick are defective. This means 1.2 products from M2 is
From Q. No. 48, the stalling speed of the aircraft is defective.
34.22 m/s. This speed is also the minimum speed and Total defective products in a lot of 100 product = 2.4
in the options, only option C has minimum speed as
34.22 m/s with maximum speed of 119. 46 m/s. Now,
Probability of selected defective product is from M2
.
= = .
50. Propulsive efficiency is given by .
Correct Answer is (C)
= �
+ 63. Total number of tourist visited India = 13,500
�∞
To maximize the efficiency, Ve has to be minimum. One-third of visited tourist = 4,500
Correct Answer is (A) Now only for England and France, the sum of tourist is
equal to 4500.
51. Thrust of a rocket is given by Correct Answer is (C)
Τ= ̇ + − ∞ �
To maximize thrust, Ve has to be maximum. 64. |-2X + 9| = 3
Correct Answer is (D) This means
(-2X + 9) = +3 or (-2X + 9) = -3
52. For an airfoil, or any other body, the velocity Which means X = 3 or 6
component normal to the surface is always zero.
Correct Answer is (D) Therefore |-X| - X2 = -6 or -30
Correct Answer is (B)
53. Formulation of this question is not correct since normal
velocity component is zero at all the points. 65. Correct Answer is (C)

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