PHAN A: NEN TANG LY THUYET 1. M@ ta chite nang va yeu cau 1.1. Khai quat vé sip xép: Dé thuan tign va gidm thiéu thoi gian thao tac ma dac bigt 1a dé tim kiém di ligu dé dang va nhanh chéng,thong thudng truéc khi thao téc thi dit ligu trén mang,trén tap tin da co thir ty.Do vay thao tac sip xép dit ligu la mét trong nhiing thao tac can thiét va thuéng gap trong qué trinh luu trit,quan ly da ligu Co rat nhiéu cach sip xép dit ligu,nhung 6 day ta chi quan tam dén 2 thuat toan 1a sap xép bing phuong phap chén (Insertion Sort) va sap xép dya trén sit phén hoach (Quick Sort).Ta sé di phan tich hai thugt todn sip xép nay dé so sdnh va danh gid d@ phite tap cita ching. 1.2.Mye tiéu cita bai toan: Phan tich,danh gid va so sanh d6 phite tap(trén ly thuyét) va so sénh thai gian tinh toan(trén thye nghiém) cia 2 gidi thuat 2. 46 phite tap cua giai thuat sip xép bang phwong phap chén(Insertion Sort) 2.1.¥ twéng thuat todn: Gia sir ta c6 day aj, a9, ..., an trong do i phan tur dau tién a), ay, ..., a; di cd thir ty. ¥ tuéng cia thuat toan 1a tim vi tri thich hgp va chén phan tit aj. vao day da cé thar ty trén dé c6 duge mot day mai cé thé ty. Car thé, lam dén cudi day ta s8 duge mét day 6 thir ty. Voi day ban dau aj, a2, ..., ay ta co thé coi doan chi cé mét phan tur a; la mot doan da cé thir tu, sau dé ta chén phan tir a; vao day a; dé cé day aja; c6 thar tu. Tiép d6, ta lai chén phan ttr a; vao day aja) dé c6 day ayazas c6 thir ty. Cur thé, dén cudi cling ta chén phan tur a, vao day ajap...a,.1 ta sé duge day ayay...a, 06 thi ty. Insertion Sort va Quick Sort Trang 12.2.Cai dit thudt ton void insertionsort(int a{],int n) { int pos,x; for(int H=0;i=0 && a[pos]>x) { a[pos+1]=a[pos]; Pos--; a[pos+1]=x; 2.3.Danh gid 49 phite tap: Ta thay cac phép so sanh xay ra trong vong lap nham tim vj tri thich hgp pos 48 chén x. Mdi lin so sdnh ma thay vj tri dang xét khéng thich hop, ta doi phan. tir a[pos] sang phai. Ta ciing thay s6 phép gan va s6 phép so sanh cla thudt toan phy thuge vao tinh trang cia day ban dau, Do dé ta chi cé thé ude Iugng nhu sau: 2.3.1. Truong hgp tot nhat: Day ban dau da 6 thir tu. Ta tim duge ngay vi tri thich hop dé chén ngay lan so sénh dau tién ma khong can phai v6 vong lip. Nhu vay, véi i chay tir 2 dén n thi sé phép so sanh tong cOng sé la n-1. Con voi sé phép gan, do thugt toan khéng chay vao vong lap nén xét i bat ky, ta ludn chi phai tén 2 phép gan(x = ali] va a[pos] = x). Tir day, ta tinh duge sé phép gan tong cong bang 2(n - 1). 2.3.2. Truong hgp x4u nhat:Day ban dau cé thir ty ngugc. Ta thay ngay vj tri thich hop pos lun la vj tri dau tién cla day da cé thir ty, va do Insertion Sort va Quick Sort Trang 26, ta cé s6 phép so sanh la i-1, sé phép gan la (i - 1) +2 =i+ 1. V6ii § tim ra vj tri nay ta phai duyét hét day da cé thir ty. Xét i bat ky, chay tir 2 dén n, ta tinh duge sé phép so sinh tong cong bang 1 + 2 + . +(n- 1) =n(n- 1)/2 va sé phép gan bing 3 +4 +..+ (n+ 1) =(n+ 4y(n- 1/2 Téng két lai, ta c6 46 phite tap cia Insertion Sort nhu sau: © Truong hop tét nhat: O(n) © Truong hop x4u nhat O(n’) 3. Danh gid d6 phite tap cua giai thuat sip xép nhanh(Quick Sort) 3.LY twéng thuat toan: QuickSort chia mang thanh hai danh sach bang cach so sanh timg phan tir cla danh séch v6i mt phan tir duge chon duge goi la phan tir chét. Nhing phan tir nhé hon hoae bang phan tir chét duge dua vé phia truée va nim trong danh sich con thir nhat, cac phan tir lon hon chét duge dua vé phia sau va thuge danh sich con thit hai. Cut tiép tue chia nhu vay t6i khi cdc danh séch con déu c6 d6 dai bang 1 3.2.Cai dit thuat toan: void quicksort(int a{],int left,int right) t if{left>=right)retum; int x=a[(left+right)/2]; int i+left; int jrright; do { while(aliJx)j--; if i<=j)//chua duyet het swap(ali],ali)); it; Insertion Sort va Quick Sort Trang 3is t }while(i=last) return; int mid=(first+last)/2; int MID=A2[mid]; int F=first,L=last; while(F<=1 4 ) while(A2[F]MID) i(F<1 { ) doicho(A2[F],A2(L]); FH; L-} hoanviQe+; } $ cout.flush(); quicksort(A2,first,L,sosanhQ,hoanviQ); cout.flush(); Insertion Sort va Quick Sort Trang 6quicksort(A2,F, last,sosanhQ,hoanviQ); 3. Két qua thye nghigm: a [ts | |e et 2 foe oon [oo | a 4 > 91) sheets “sheet? , Sheets 48a. 7793 309 9983 3706 7403 51000 2876 7164 3608 5540 9081 sas 3305 7084 6617 008 2540 Sm 3526 49a c STT Sophan tu InsertionSort E so phep se senh So phep hoan vi Se phepsasanh So phep hoanvi 682823 11530003 10130815 2486414 23700774 13820816 6195645 1534056 12858011, 18411572 7590282 20636720 sess TSH 12597716 10524711. 6209076 2024251 guages 399037 6280179 QuickSort 6082823 24057 15090005 36408, 10130815, 29546 24836414 48870 23790778 ars 12936816 35280 6199645, 23366 1524056 12063 12858011 26671 18411572 53783 7590232 20636720 98323 7295348 12597716 10828211 309076 2028251 040s 3099037 eaani75 1saza 26103 20383 wana 33703 2ams 19884 7286 24073 29158 17776 31220 427 17301 23198 2asas 15886 554 18828 10875 18805 Meow sheett sheet? sheets ©) Bang s@ ligu thu d@c khi chBBing trinh chay Insertion Sort va Quick Sort Trang7‘suMMaRy OUTPUT Regression Stan sts ‘wubiple R 09780523 square 958224132 Adjusted RSquare _0.957353802 Standerdcrrat ——1566685.402 ‘observations. 30 ANOVA, 7 SMSF _gnifeonce Regression 1 27EHIS 27EHS T100889 9.veEaS Resicval 48 LaBeele 245EH12 otal 43_ 2.506415, Cosffidents andardérr tStot P-value lower ssWupper 95%ower 95.0% pperSh0% Interospt “SLUISILUIS SOSH 12,0258 4.31618 -7155982 5108882 -7150982 -S108HH2 Variable 2 7280S 665026 BASSES Y218115 9.§E-35 2635673 2575697 2635.672 2975.687 y=2405.685°x-6131832 Phuong trinh hdi qui tuyén tinh cia phép so sénh va phép gén trong gidi thuét Insertionsort SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics ‘Multiple R (0.571958077 RSquere o.sa469399 Adjusted RSquare —0.54354174 Standard Error 3444. 87165 Observations 50 Nova, oF SMS F __gnificanceF Regression 1 S73E+03 9.739 BI9.E972 7.9E-22 Residual 48 _5.7e+08 1iso7141 Total 491036410 Coefficients andordén tStat P-value Lower 95%Upper 95tiower $5.09 pper 95.0% Intercept 2e04.602381 112.132 2.32219 0.024453 4858.79 250.016 4958.79 -350.416 xYeriable 1 5.22389787 0.18593 28.5328 7.9532 4.95005 5.697735 4.95005 5.597725 ‘Y=5.52389747°X-2604.602381 Phvorng trinh hdi qui tuyén tinh cua phép so sénh trong gidi thuat QuickSort Insertion Sort va Quick Sort TrangSUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R (0.99950875 R Square 099901574 Adjusted R square 0.593999318 Standard evar 300.7106778 Observations. 30 ANOVA gy 3s Ms F__gnifeanee F Regression 1 4ALEOD 4A2E-O9 A91S597.4E-74 Residual 4a 4340665 90430.52 Total 494436409 Coefficients andard er tStat P-value Lower S5%Unper Ssfkower 95.0 pper 5.0% Intercept “1770.050571 97.6811 -18.0851 4556-23 -1956.83 -1573.27 -1966.83 -157327 xvariable1 3599808237 0.016231 221.1755 7.1674 4597178 2.622482 2.557174 2.577482 ‘Y=8,589808237"X-1770.050571 Phuong trinh hai qui tuyén tinh cua phép hodn vi(gén) trong giai thudt QuickSort InsertionSort: Y=2805.685°X-6181832 QuickSort: _Y=5.82889747*X-2604,602381 e e dign phép So Sénh ciia InsertionSort va QuickSort Insertion Sort va Quick Sort Trang9Nat bal | NAIM TLL TN = VV IMT Hl el W yay l 0000 Insertion Sort va Quick Sort Trang 10KET LUAN Dya vao phuong trinh hdi qui tuyén tinh cla Phép Hoan vi(Gan) InsertionSort va phuong trinh hdi qui tuyén tinh Phép Hoan vi(Gan) QuickSort ; phuong trinh hdi qui tuyén tinh ctfa Phép So sanh InsertionSort va phuong trinh nh Quicl acta giai thugt InsertionSort,diéu nay chimg to giai hdi qui tuyén tinh Ph ort,ta thdy hé sé a cua gidi thuat QuickSort nhé hon hi thuat QuickSort chay nhanh hon gidi thuat InsertSort.Ngoai ra,d6 thi cdc phuong trinh hoi qui tuyén tinh ciia 2 giai thuat cing cho thay ring gidi thudt QuickSort chay nhanh hon giai thi it InsertionSort. thuat InsertionSort lén Phan ly thuyét cing cho thay 46 phite tap cia hon hoae bang 46 phic tap cua gidi thuat QuickSort. Nhom ching em sé cé ging tim hiéu sau sic hon dé hiéu r6 vé hai gidi thudt nay, trong qué trinh lam khéng tranh khoi thiéu x6t,kinh mong Thay bo qua. Xin chan thanh cam on. Insertion Sort va Quick Sort Trang 11