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Grammar Unit1 Tense
Grammar Unit1 Tense
TENSE
Present Simple Tense
We use the Present Simple for repeated actions and for thoughts,
feelings and states.
1.
!"#$
%&#'(
The sun shines by day and the moon shines by night.
Death comes to everyone sooner or later.
2.
#&! !>?@( A>$A(B!
This vegetable is fresh.
I go to church every Sunday.
3. #&(G(B (customs) J (ability)
Vegetarian abstains from meat.
Jack often comes to work late.
I go to church every Sunday.
4.
?(G A>$ !"(G adverb of
frequency !" (always, sometimes)
They do not always play tennis in the morning.
She sometimes drops in see her parents.
I always walk to school.
He always cooks dinner at home.
5. &
"
U V " & W
'(
"
U A"
A#X
?Y#Z "
Meanwhile the window opens and a masked man enters the room.
6.
?
"
U G VY
() V " Y
"
We leave Bangkok at 9 p.m. next Friday and arrive in Chiangmai at 5 a.m.
7. (Y G#
?A
"
Look this program.
Let me help you.
8. @e
?GB#
B "
It is easier than done B!
" "G
It never rains but it pours.
B(ZAB(
Refrain from doing evil.
'(G#
Procrastination is the thief of time. g'# #(#B"
Conjunction
When
as soon as
if
unless
till
Subordinate clause
Present Simple
U A(B!
Marwin is working for an advertising company.
3.
(G A>$# ?(G' '>
#
'G # " "
Jarunee is getting up late this morning.
4. future tense B?
"(G#$( A>$
#'
The smiths are coming to dinner this evening.
The man is getting his suit tomorrow afternoon.
5. (Y A>$
?
#Z
Keep quiet! The teacher is teaching.
Be careful ! The truck is coming.
6. '#
while ? (Y >
Present Simple ?
Present Continuous.
She comes in while I am calling.
Student is reading cartoon while teacher is teaching.
7. V" Present Continuous Tense
" Present Simple
J' (' V
7.1 #&!>V "
see, hear, smell, taste, notice, recognize
(V2)
was + Ving
were
We use the Past Continuous to say that somebody was in the middle of
doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started
before this time but had not finished:
1.
?(GG'#
A>$ ' '>
'G V
He was sleeping at that time.
The students were studying mathematics at ten ooclock.
2. !"#& Past Simple (when , while)
He met his friend when
while
Past Continuous
(
#&'"#$
"
Past Simple (s + v2) (B! J>
&$'
Y V"V (&'
"
Future Tense (will, shall + V)
&
#$
To be going to will , shall sV "
I am going to go to Chiangmai next week.
We are going to learn German tomorrow
tense #
$
by that time
by eight ooclock
by then
by tomorrow
by two hours
By next September I will have worked here thirty years.
We will have finished this book in June.
Present Perfect Tense (has + have + V3)
When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now ,
we use the Present Perfect.
1.
?(G A>$' #$
'
'(g!
B! V"V &'
?(G#$ A>$ adverb of frequency
(many time , several time , over and over , over)
He has ever been to Japan.
2.
?(G A>$
'( G? J>
%&# adverb of time (since, for, at last, recently, lately, so far, up to now,
up to the present time)
He has been a secretary up to now.
3.
?(G A>$
'(B
$ "'
B! 's adverb of time (just , already ,yet)
She has just had lunch.
They have seen this movie already.
He hasnIt done his homework yet.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense (has , have) + been + Future Tense
(will, shall + V)
1.
?(G A>$
G? J>
%&# '(( G
"V
He has been watching this film.
2. tense $
stay
wait sit stand lie
learn
study live rest look
She has been studying in Chulalongkorn University.
3. V" tense $ ( Present Perfect )
be know believe
like prefer understand
We havenIt believed his stories.
She has understood this program.
1. J
G ?
#$
" %&# '(&$A(B!
(
6. Before the end of the eighties, air pollution a serious problem that
jeopardizes
the health of the human race.
a. became
b. will have become
c. is being become
d. will be becoming
7. The patient ________ nothing but orange juice for the whole of next
week.
a. will be having
b. will be had
c. will have had
d. will being had
8. |You look very tired.}} I am. I ________ papers all day.}
a. had marked
b. had been marking
c. am marking
d. have been marking
9. |When will you finish the letter ? It must arrive before noon tomorrow.}
| I om rather busy now. But donot worry.} ________ it by the time you
come back.
a. will be writing
b. will have written
c. would be writing
d. would have written
10. | Did anyone get killed in the accident at the bus stop? }
| Fortunately, _______ }
a. the bus had picked up ten people before the accident had occurred.
b. the bus has picked up ten people before the accident was to occur.
c. the bus picked up ten people before the accident had occurred.
d. the bus had picked up ten people the accident occurred.
Exercise 1 (Tenses)
Direction : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
( present simple, present continuous, present perfect )
1. Our school (begin) __________at 8.30 a.m. and (end) __________at
3.30 p.m.
2. How long__________ it (take) __________you to dress , usually?
3. She will clean his room before he (come) __________.
4. Please be quiet! The baby (sleep) __________.
5. Seri (make) __________good progress in his studies at present.
6. I shall go to the movie as soon as they (be) __________ready.
7. There (be) __________a lot of changes recently.
8. We (eat) __________in that restaurant many times.
9. Listen! Someone (knock) __________at the door.
10. Nipa usually sits in the front of the class ,but today she (sit)
________ at the back row.
11. Her friend (wear) _________ very expensive clothes.
12. They (be) ________ very busy lately.
13. It (rain) ________ all day long.
14. Those two fellows (fix) __________the car right now.
15. She (leave) ________ her house at 8 ooclock every morning.
16. This coffee (taste) ________ good.
17. This cigarette case (hold) ________ thirty cigarettes.
18. Water (freeze) ________ at 320 Fahrenheit.
19. He (use) _________ this razor blade only three times : it is still good
20. She (teach) ________ French for five years.
21. They (learn) mathematics very well yet.
22. Hurry up ! We (all wait) ________ for you.
23. The children (write) ________ compositions at this moment.
24. I will tell you as soon as he (come) ________ .
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Exercise 2 (Tenses)
Direction : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (past simple, past
continuous, past perfect, future simple, future continuous, future perfect)
1. I (live) _______ in Saraburi for three years when I (be) _______a child.
2. The phone rang while he (have) __________his bath.
3. After I (take) __________a cold shower I felt refreshed.
4. They had just finished supper when she (arrive) __________ .
5. The gardener (dig) __________in the garden when he found a valuable
old coin.
6. Before we (go) __________very far the car broke down.
7. Come on I (buy) __________you a drink.
8. Ladda (come) __________soon.
9. They (go) __________to bed after they finish watching TV
10. By the next time I see you ; I (graduate) __________ .
11. The painters (finish) __________the upstairs rooms by four ooclock
12. This time tomorrow we (lie) __________on a beach in Pattaya.
13. He (fail) __________unless he works harder.
14. As he entered the room he (take off) __________his hat.
15. She explained that she (forget) __________her keys.
16. He told me her name after she (leave) __________ .
17. When I came in, the cat (sleep) __________in my armchair.
18. She fell while she (go) __________down the stairs.
20. By next summer they (stay) __________with their parents.
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
Exercise 3 (Tenses)
Direction : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. The meeting (finish) ________ by the time we get there.
2. He (meet) ________ them in front of the office in ten minutes.
3. Porn (be) ________ in Australia since he won his scholarship.
4. She (go) ________ out at ten ooclock and hasnot returned yet .
5. The accident (occur) ________ at eleven ooclock this morning.
6. The early bird (catch) ________ the worm.
7. That umbrella (belong) ________ to my sister.
8. While she (speak) ________ the students (make) ________ notes.
9. Sir Isaac Newton (sit) ________ under a tree when an apple fell on his
head.
10. I donot like to be disturbed if I (work) _________ .
11. He comes in while she (read) ________ a newspaper.
12. The post (just come) ________ .
13. She (work) ________ pretty well up to now.
14. By this time next year she (complete) ________ the education.
15. He (do) ________ nothing before he saw them.
16. After I (hear) ________ the news, I hurried to see her.
17. She lost her fountain pen while she (water) ________ the flowers.
18. As he (cross) ________ road last night, he (slip) ________ and (fall)
_________.
19. Whenever they (go) ________ to Rome, they visit the Coliseum .
20. We (stay) ________ at home if it rains.
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
POST - TEST
Direction : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. I intended to write to you several times, but something ways_______ .
a. interferes
b. interfered
c. has interfered
d. was interfering
2. If the telephone __________while I am out, please answer it.
a. will ring
b. rings
c. is going to ring
d. is ringing
3. When I met Tom yesterday, it was the first time I ________ him since
Christmas.
a. had seen
b. saw
c. have seen
d. see
4. Please take a message __________he calls.
a. when
b. will
c. should
d. if
15. |I canot find Wanee and Wina anywhere. Have you seen them?ww. .
They __________for you __________noon.}
a. are waiting w.at
b. have waited w.before
c. have been waiting w.since
d. had waited w.from
16. Thomas __________for Bangkok as soon as he __________about
your accident.
a. had left w.was informed
b. had left w.had been informed
c. leaves w.has been informed
d. left w.was informed
17. You ________ come to the party last week. Iom sure youod have liked
it if you
a. did w.had
b. didnot w.had
c. could w.did
d. couldnot w.did
18. While the guests were dancing, thieves broke into the house
and_________ a lot of fur coats.
a. stole
b. stealing
c. was stealing
d. has stolen
19. Up to now, the data for the research __________collected yet.
a. has not been
b. had not
c. have not been
d. had not been
20. Sri __________a lot about the beauty of Chiangmai, and __________to
go there one day.}
a. is hearing w.is hoping
b. has heard w.hopes
c. hears w.will hope
d. heard w.would hope
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
Tense Review
Passage
Read the following passage.
Decide which one of the four
choices given in each item would most suitably fit the passage.
|Can you guess what I_____(1)_____in my hand?| my friend, Tracey,
asked me. I saw that she had a small box wrapped with some coloured paper.
|Is it your engagement ring?| I asked her. We both laughed. |Why
_____(2)____you try again?| she said. I made several guesses but in the
end I_____(3)_____up.
I was
|I_____(4)_____you open the box, Debbie,} she told me.
so curious that in a few seconds I_____(5)____ The wrapping and opened the
box. There was a lovely ring inside. |I am sure you would like to hear the
story of this ring.| |Of course, please_____(6)_____me in suspense,} I
replied.
|This ring_____(7)_____to bring luck to the person who wears it,|
Tracey_____(8)____ , |and it belonged to my heat grandfather who obtained it
from an Arab trader. It_____(9)_____that it was found with other treasures in
Southern Arabia, and out to Java.|_____(10)_____
She continued by relating to me how the ring was bought by a
Japanese prince who _____(11)_____a large sum of money for it. For many
years it_____(12)_____in his treasure chest until one day it was stolen by a
gang of bandits who raided the palace.
Soon afterwards the bandit chief died of a horrible disease. His
followers _____(13)_____
rid of the ring as they thought it_____(14)_____bad luck to their leader. They
threw the ring away near a market place and a poor farmeros
wife_____(15)_____it up and sold it.
Tracey concluded, |It came into my
14. a.
c.
15. a.
c.
had bringed
was brought
pick
is picked
b.
d.
b.
d.
had brought
will bring
picked
was picking
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww..
News report 1
Complete the news report. Put each into the correct form.
An eight year old boy has disappeared.
Mark Davidson
ww.(1)ww.yesterday from the
1.
park near his home in Copley Road,
2.
Dulverstone. The Davidsons ww..(2)wwfive
3.
Minuteso walk away from the park.
4.
Mark ww.(3)wwto the park at four
5.
ooclock and ww.(4)ww. Football with his
6.
friends. After they ww..(5)ww.for about an
7.
hour, they ww.(6)wwdown for a rest.
8.
Mark ww(7)ww.the park at quarter past
9.
five. He ww.(8)ww..alone. A man who
10.
ww.(9)ww.his dog www(10)wwwhim go out
11.
through the gate. No one ww..(11)ww..
12.
Mark since then. Policeww..(12)ww. Local
13.
residents, and so far they ww.(13)ww.. to
14.
about two hundred people. They
15.
ww.(14)ww.to question a middle aged
16.
man in a green sweater who ww.(15)ww.
on the grass near the park exit at five
ooclock. At the moment police and
other helpers ww.(16)ww..nearby fields
and woods in the hope of fending the
missing boy.
disappear
not return
live
go
play
play
sit
leave
be
walk
see
see
question
speak
want
lie
search
News report 2
Complete the radio news report. Put in the correct form of the
verbs.
Hello. I ww..(1)ww... to you from Oxford,
1. speak
where the finals of the World Quiz
2. know
Championships will begin tomorrow. The
3. hear
favourite is Claude Jennings from
4. take
Cornwall, the man who ww..(2)ww..
5. answer
everything. Twelve months, although
6. arrive
ww..(3)ww...of Claude Jennings, although
7. wait
he ww(4)ww..part in quiz competitions for
8. read
years. Now suddenly he is a big star. so
far this year he www(5)wwwevery single
question correctly. And he is popular
too. When he ww..(6)wwwhere two days
ago, hundreds of fans www.(7)www.to
welcome him at the station.
Since his arrival Claude ww..(8)www
encyclopedias in his hotel bedroom. He
is clearly the man to watch. And now
back to the Radio Ten News Desk.o
Present Simple V=BBW Future simple Present simple V=BBW Present Continuous
while ?
when
as soon an
If
unless
future
Simple until
till
before
after
provided
(that)
while ?
Past Simple V=BBW Past Simple
supposing
(that)
as ?
while Past
Simple
Always, nearly
Always, usually,
Often, generally,
Sometimes, ever,
Rarely, seldom,
Never, hardly
Every day, every,
Now + and them,
at times, from + time
to time, once
(twice, three)
times a day
Continuous
is
am
are
Ving
Perfect +
Has
have
+ V3
Past Tense
Simple +V2
Continuous +
Yesterday, last
(night, week)
ago, at that time,
this morning,
all the morning,
when (I was young),
in (1960)
was
were
+Ving
- =>?@:A979B9C ?79
at nine o0clock yesterday
at this time last week
Future Tenses
Simple
will
shall
+v
Tomorrow , next
(week , month)
in (time) , soon
Continuous
be
will
shall
=>?@:F>GA979B9C ?79
at this time next year
every Sunday next week
+ ving
Perfect
will
shall
+ have + V3
/BCTX@C8C
'
, #
(B
Z '( B
e
( .
Grammar.
B#&', 2540.
KEY TO EXERCISES
TENSE
PRE-TEST
1.b
6.b
11.d
16. c
2.c
7.a
12.a
17.a
3.a
8.d
13.a
18.d
4.b
9.b
14.b
19.b
5.c
10.d
15.b
20.c
EXERCISE 1.
1. begins, ends
3. comes
5. is making
7. have been
9. is knocking
11. wears
13. has rained
15. leaves
17. holds
19.has used
21. have learned
23. are writing
25. rains
27. has seen
29. consists
2. does it take
4. is sleeping
6. are
8. have eaten
10. is sitting
12. have been
14. are fixing
16. tastes
18. freezes
20. has taught
22. are all waiting
24. comes
26. has been
28. have already read
30. is speaking
EXERCISE 2.
1. lived, was
3. has taken
5. was digging
7. shall buy
9. will go
11. will have finished
13. will fail
15. has forgotten
17. was sleeping
19. exploded
2. was having
4. arrived
6. went
8. will come, is coming
10. will (shall) have graduated
12. will (shall) be lying
14. took off
16. had left
18. was going
20. will have stayed
EXERCISE 3.
POST-TEST
1. b
2. b 3. c 4. d 5 .c
6. d
7. b 8. c 9. b 10. d
11. a 12. a 13. b 14. d 15. c
16. d 17. d 18. a 19. a 20. b
TENSE REVIEW
1.d
6.d
11.d
2.b
7.c
12.b
3.b
8.c
13.a
4.a
9.a
14.b
5.c
10.a
15.b
News report 1
NEWS REPORT 2
1. Rm / am speaking
3. has heard
5. Rs/ has answered
7. were waiting
2. knows
4. Rd/has been taking
6. arrived
8. has been reading
UNIT 2. PARTICIPL
PRE-TEST
1.c
6.b
11.b
16.a
2.b
7.d
12.b
17.a
3.d
4.a
5.c
8.c
9.d
10.a
13.c
14d
15.d
18.b
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT.
EXERCISE 1.
1. The screaming gulls flew seaward.
2. No one sat in the broken chair.
3. The visitors admired the books bound in red leather.
4. A fence surtounding the grounds provides privacy.
.2X7C PARTICIPLES
2.1 Introduction
Participles J>
G @e#
e Z#BA G
Y
ing " present participle
"#$g!(G #$
" a crying baby sG'#
V? V.3 " past participle
"
#$g!J!(G" a broken desk Y
(#
Participle &"
2 ?
1. present Participle (V.ing)
2. Past Participle (V.3)
2.2 Present Participles (V.ing)
(
$GB?
" aB<.UbcV@2d5L28>B<
#$ #
phrase (') " present participle phrase
B?(Y Simple Sentence 2 (Y A(Y #
/@567eAdLe/=C:C Present participles
1. VG (V.ing + noun) "
Let talking students be out of the room. (Y
Let students who are talking be out of the room.
'" # G'#
# !"
2. phrase (') GG?U (V.ing + word or words) "
Seeing his moth, the boy ran away.
(Y Simple Sentence 2 (Y (y #
#
# Simple Sentence (Y Y
# (y?#
$
1
# "G V-ing (Y & V #
$
The boy saw his mother. The boy ran away.
Being tired out, she wanted to rest. 2 (Y ?
She was tired out. She wanted to rest.
? She was permitted to rest. She went immediately. Phrase Permitted to
rest, she went immediately.
V #&
B# '"V#
4. Past Participle adverb A V (adv. + pp. + noun) "
A well designed dress = a dress which is designed well.
A carefully driven man = a man who driven carefully.
/a>./0 : compound Adjectives noun + ed
'( adjective + noun + ed '" >
(!?#& past
participle #
$
a. noun + ed = new adjective " talent + ed = talented >
J
BJ>=C a talented boy gets the first prize.
b. adjective + noun + ed = new adjective "
long + leg + ed. = long legged >
A
BJ>=C He wears long M legged trousers.
2.4 Combination of sentences by using participles.
(Y Simple Sentence 2 (Y Simple Sentence
(Y # 2 '#e( ?
1. (yA
#$
2 (Y
# #
2. (yA
#$
2 (Y V""
# #
1. 22JaU2dh>567a6U2diBJ.96>JB a6/AB9BC6<
1)
# (y
#>
J(y noun
#>
'( pronoun
'(
#>
# pronoun $
c :- J A>$" !"! active form '( past perfect
tense (had + V3) ' had having ?
# had ' V.3
V.ing
28>5675L.Ub v.ing /2X v3 eAd?@L/@LX7 .26>J= participial
phrase 567.89K participle B7.C
BJ>=C
a : He believed the beggaros story. He gave her fifty baht.
= Believing the beggaros story. He gave her fifty baht.
b : He was arrested by the police. He was sent to the prison.
= Arrested by the police. He was sent to the prison.
? Being arrested by the police, he was sent to the prison.
c : She had worked hard all day, She felt tired.
= Having worked hard all day, she felt tired.
? Working hard all day, she felt tired.
2. 22JaU2dh>567ka=?=U2diBJ.96>JB a6/AB9BC6<
1) (yA
#$
2 (Y V"
# $
Active form
passive form
was + V3
were
Ex
he believed the beggaros story.
He gave her fifty baht.
= Believing the beggaros story , he
Ex
He was arrested by the police.
He was sent to the prison.
= Arrested by the police he was
gave her
sent to the
prison.
Being arrested by the police he
was sent to
The prison.
2. (yA
#$
2 (Y V""
# #
2.1 V"
# (y$
active form
past simple tense (V2)
' having + V3
Ex.
She sat on the bench.
A scorpion stung her.
= She having sat on the bench ,
a scorpion stung her.
Passive form
past simple tense
was +
V3
were
c. To be
d. Was
3. ________ told her everything, he drew his last breath.
a. Being
b. Be
c. Had
d. Having
4. She sat down, _________ weary.
a. sighing
b. to sigh
c. sighed
d. sigh
5. I smell something_________ .
a. to burn
b. burns
c. burning
d. be burned
6. The soldiers marched along the street, _________ their arms.
a swing
b. swinging
c. swung
d. to swing
7. One school report described him as a very shy boy-innumerable
complexes.
a. suffered with
b. suffered from
c. suffering with
d. suffering from
8. _____________the office _____________Alfred went away.
a. Finding, close
b. Fine, closed
c. Finding, closed
d. To find, closed
9. Joe admired the trophy _____________by Nancy
a. holding
b. being held
c. holded
d. held
10. The _____________siren alerted the town.
a. shrieking
b. shriekened
c. being shrieked
d. shrieken
11. Dust _____________filled the air.
a. the wind raised
b. raised by the wind
c. raising by the wind d. the wind raising
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww..
Exercise 1
Direction : Combined the following sentences by using Present
Participle or Past
Participle
1. The gulls flew seaward. The gulls were screaming.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww..
2. No one sat in the chair. The chair was broken.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww..
3. The visitors admired the books. The books were bound in red leather.
=wwwwwwwww wwwwwwwwwwwww..
4. A fence provides privacy. A fence is surrounding the grounds.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
5. We skated across the fields. The fields were frozen.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
6. Jack fixed the faucet. The faucet was leaking.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
7. The ship sails toward land. The ship is crowded.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
8. The skipper raised the flag. The flag was torn.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
9. We saw the thief. The thief was hiding inside.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
10. Man at used the broom. The broom was standing nearby.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww..
11. Joe admired the trophy. The trophy was held by Dara.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
12. We watched the student, The student was holding a baton.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
13. Dust filled the air. Dust was raised by the wind.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
14. She sat in the hall. She waited for a taxi
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
15. The doctor had given him some medicine. The doctor sent him home.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
16. He saw a tiger. He ran away.
=wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
Exercise 2.
Direction : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. When I told the nurse I wanted some eggs she asked me if I wanted
them ______________ .
a. boil or fry
b. boiled or fried
c. boiling or frying
d. being boiled or fried
2. Having visited Bangkok, _______________ .
a. Chiangmai was the next trip
a. stay
b. stayed
c. staying
d. to stay
9. ___________ at 2 a.m., Tawan was thought ___________ the suspect.
a. Seen and left w.be
b. Seen leaving w.to be
c. To be seen leaving w.to be
d. Tawan seen and left w.to be
10. ___________ in a high branch of the tree, the cat __________ only by.
a man using a long ladder.
a. Trapping w.was reached
b. Trapping w.had been reached
c. Trapped w.is reached
d. Trapped w.could be reached
11. _________by a long walk, John went straight to bed on reaching home.
a. Having been exhausted
b. Being exhausted
c. To have exhausted
d. To be exhausted
12. _________ six cans of beer, Wichai handed his car keys to one of
his friends
a. Drinking
b. Being drunk
c. Having drunk
d. To drink
13. The child opened the heavy oak door. _______________ , he trembled
inwardly.
a. Not knowing what expect
b. Had he not known what to expect
2. Infinitive without to
3. Gerund (Ving)
Ex They agreed to do their homework.
(1)
We let him go out.
(2)
She avoided singing Chinese song.
(3)
/a>./0 :
- J
'#
# 1
" (g!G
# 2
- JV"
'#
# 1
" (y(g!G
# 2
#
#$ #
"V$ ? Finite Verb (
Non Finite Verb 3
!"#$
hesitate
hope
learn
manage
mean
plan
refuse
swear
try
Ex. He tries to drink milk.
They plan to save money.
Ex.
He might go to England.
She had better go to bed early.
Infinitive with to
2. V + n , pron. + to + V (infinitive)
advise
allow
beseech
cause
command
compel
encourage
force
instruct
invite
order
permit
persuade
press
remind
request
Ex.
He allowed her to watch TV.
She invites me to have dinner.
Infinitive without to
2. V + n , pron. + V (infinitive)
bid
help
let
make
Ex.
She let her daughter play the guitar.
>.J@ (Y passive voice
Infinitive with to
Infinitive without to
3. V + to + V (infinitive)
3. V + n , porn. + V (infinitive) ?
V + n , pron. + to + V (infinitive)
V + n , pron. + V ing
Ask
beg
feel
hear
notice
observe
Desire
expect
Hate
like
see
watch
Prefer
prepare
Promise
trouble
Want
wish
Ex.
Ex.
I expect to finish this exercise.
He heard the boy cry. (crying)
I expect him to finish this exercise. We notice him sleep.
(sleeping).
(Y passive voice
to
Ex.
He heard her cry.
She was heard to cry by him.
Gerund (Ving)
Gerund ?
ing 'GG #('"?
Verbs '"$(
Gerund
1. V + V ing
to be busy
come
go
sit
appreciate
avoid
admit
be no use
delay
deny
detest (hate)
complete keep on
consider
canot help enjoy
escape
feel like
finish
go on
get through to
give up
miss
mind
canot stand
postpone
practice
worth
keep
to be no good imagine recall
risk
loathe (dislike) suggest would you mind
Ex. Would you mind passing me that book?
He gave up smoking.
2. V + Preposition + V ing /2X V + adj. + preposition + V ing
to be accustomed to
,
"
to be afraid of
'#
to be fond of
&
to be interested in
to be tired of
&?
to be used to
,
"
to devote to
Z , & , '(
to give up
'( , '
to look forward to
to object to
#
to prevent w.from
#V"
to prohibit from
to succeed in
Gs
to take to
&
to think of
J>
15. If Mr.Walker talks to Miss Blunt much longer, heos likely _________
his train.
a. to miss
b. missing
c. miss
d. of missing
16. Charles would rather _________ football than_________ .
a. played, ate
b. to play, to eat
c. play, eat
d. playing, eating
17. I hope _________ from you soon.
a. hear
b. to hear
c. hearing
d. for hearing
18. Please practice _________ that exercise again.
a. writing
b. write
c. to write
d. written
19. This watch needs_________ .
a. to clean
b. be cleaned
c. cleaning
d. clean
20. Make him _________ his homework more carefully.
a. doing
b. done
c. to do
d. do
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.
Exercise 2
DIRECTION : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. Some children wish people wouldnot keep on __________ out now,
years ago, children were made _________ far more respect to their elders.
a. pointing w.show
b. pointing w.showing
c. pointing w.to show
d. point w.showing
2. Itos no use ____________him really. You know he had no choice
but _________ as he was told.
a. to blame w.do
b. blaming w.to do
c. to blame w.doing
d. to be blamed w.do
3. If catch you____________ again I shall make you stay in after school
some extra work.
a. cheating w.to do
b. to cheat w.doing
c. cheated w.done
d. cheat w.doing
4. Itos right that he should have failed since he started _________ a few
weeks before the exam.
a. to work
b. worked
c. working
d. to be worked
5. I canot stand _________ the same word many times.
a. repeating
b. repeats
c. repeat
d. repeated
6. _________ take this book from the library without permission.
a. Youod better not to
b. Youod better not
c. Better donot you
d. Itos better you not
7. In regard to the proposal to raise dues, ________ postpone the
matter until the next meeting.
a. let us to
b. let us
c. letos us
d. letos us to
with me?
a. will w.reminding
b. will w.to remind
c. would w.reminding
d. would w.to remind
19. |Do you thing we should leave now?
|Yes, itos wiser ____________before the traffic gets too heavy.}
a. than leaving
b. to leave
c. when leaving
d. leave
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww..
UNIT 4. SUBJUNCTIVE
4.1 Introduction
Subjunctive J>
(Y
J '(
?VA
( ?(VV ?VV"V %&#
'(
Subjunctive &"
3 (@ ?
1. Present Subjunctive
2. Past Subjunctive
3. Past Perfect Subjunctive
4.2 Present Subjunctive
Present Subjunctive J>
(Y
G '(
JVV 3 ( V "
1. eT9CJa@C2 (Demands or Requests) (Y #$
!
Subj. + V + that + subj. (should) + infinitive without to '"#$ V "
Advise ((G ,#
)
ask
(A
)
command (#
)
Demand (
,
A) suggest ((G)
Insist ( ?)
move ()
order
(#
)
Prefer (&"()
urge ((
)
propose ()
Recommend ((G)
request (A
)
requir
(
)
2. eT9CJaKL.Ub (Necessities) V "(Y A>$
'
"V$
necessary
It is
important
that + subj. + (should) +
Essential
infinitive
imperative
advisable
/a>./0
1. wish (
that ?V"sV
2. wish ? as if, as though ! present ?g!B! U
%&# ! past ? g!B! U
4.4 Past Perfect Subjunctive
Past perfect Subjunctive J>
(Y
JV" A>$
?
A#&
(Past Unreal) G
Past Perfect
Subjunctive V " wish, only, as if, as though (Y
'#
G'"$ (
Past perfect tense
BJ>=C
I wish she had gone to the party last night. (but she didnot)
He wished he had been here yesterday. (but he didnot)
If only he had won the prize. (but he didnot)
They talked as if (as though) they had known everything. (but they didnot)
He walked as if (as though) he had been drunk.
/a>./0 wish , if only , as if , as though (
Past
Subjunctive ' #
'? U '#e( #V "
itos time
J>
''
would rather
( ww"
itos high time
"''
would sooner
( ww.."
itos about time
(V '
supposed (that) ,supposing
"
BJ>=C
It is time the students had breakfast.
ItIs about time the class began.
Supposing we go up late !
IId rather you made a speech. (I would rather)
I would sooner he helped you.
2?@ wish
1. wish (
J%&#
'(
#
$
I wish I were a Prime Minister. (Present)
He wishes he had got a scholarship last month. (past)
She wishes he would call up her. (Future)
2. wish = want (
!"! Subj. + wish + (object) + to + infinitive
Ex : He wishes to be an engineer. AJ(Z
She wished him to come here. yJA
***********************************************************
T20U Subjunctive
Present subjunctive
Advise
order
Insist
request
Purpose
demand
ask
prefer
move
require
recommend
suggest
command
urge
Present subjunctive
It is
Necessary
Important
Essential
example
Subj. + V + that + Subj. + (should) +
infinitive
without to
she insisted that I (should) be here at
seven
ooclock.
I suggested that she (should) come
early.
The doctor advised that the patient be
test.
example
that
Imperative
Advisable
Better
past subjunctive
past perfect subjunctive
wish
if only
as if
as though
would rather
would sooner
itos time
itos high him
itos about time
supposed
supposed
example
past subjunctive '#
G'"$
past tense (V"
%&#)
I wish I were a millionaire. (but Iom not)
If only he came. (but he doesnot)
ItIs about time the class began_(but it
doesnot)
past perfect subjunctive
'#
G'"$ past perfect
(V"
)
It is the students had had breakfast.
(but they didnot)
Supposing we had finished our
homework.
(but we didnot)
Exercise 1
DIRECTION : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. His doctor recommended that he __________ a vacation.
a. take
b. took
c. take
d. would take
2. Monkeys sometimes act as if they ____________ human.
a. be
b. are
c. were
d. being
3. I wish I ____________ to the cinema last night.
a. went
b. would go
c. would have gone
d. would have
4. If only I ____________more money , I could buy new shoes.
a. have
b. had
c. had had
d. would have
5. I donot want to do anything, |But itos time __________ your homework.
a. you did
b. you do
c. you had done
d. that you do
6. He suggested that the matter ___________ reconsidered.
a. is
b. being
c. has
d. be
7. It is important that the governor __________ a good image.
a. maintains
b. maintain
c. maintained
d. has maintained
8. |Are you leaving ?} |Yes, but I wish I ___________ to go.}
a. donot have
b. will not have
c. didnot have
d. may not have
wwwwwwwwwwwwww.
Exercise 2
DIRECTION : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. He recommended that she ___________ with them.
a. go
b. goes
c. would go
d. was going
2. I demanded that I __________ to take a trip around the world.
a. were allowed
b. was allowed
c. be allowed
d. am allowed
3. It is essential that she ___________ her physical check up
__________ every month.
a. haswdo
b. havewdone
c. haswdoes
d. havewdo
4. I wish I ____________ the entrance examination this time.
a. would have passed
b. can pass
c. had passed
d. could pass
5. He looks at me as if he ____________ me though we once met.
a. did never see
b. had never seen
c. will never be seen
d. would never have seen
6. |Do we have to study English in the university ?}
a. take
b. to take
c. taking
d. took
7. |What did you say to him ?}
|Yes, it is required that all first year students ____________ English.
a. suggest - inform
b. suggest - informs
c. suggested - inform
d. suggested - informed
UNIT 5.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Conditional Sentences (if-clause) J>
(Y
?VA>
(&
A 2 " ?if-clause '( main clause
if clause (Y "
?
Main clause (Y " g' "
If he comes , I will tell him.
(if clause) , (main clause)
Conditional Sentence &"
4 (@ ?
1. Future Possible
2. Present Unreal
3. Past Unreal
4. Mixed Type
5.2 Future Possible J>
(Y
J>
VV A>$V
(&
If + present simple , future simple
Will + V
Shall
?
future simple + if present simple
will + V
shall
If he studies hard, he will succeed.
She will stay at home if it rains.
/a>./0 :
1. main clause ( may , can , must , (be) going to will ,
shall V
are going to
BJ>=C
may , can , must
If you donIt hurry , you
miss the train.
2. &
#$
if clause '( main clause present simple tense (
when ? whenever if V "
If (when , whenever) the weather is good , I play tennis.
If (when) the teacher asks , answer her.
3. J if clause should !" JG infinitive form V Y
#
if '(G Should A>$V(y "
If she telephones , tell me at once.
? Should she telephone , tell me at once.
5.3 Present Unreal
J>
(Y
"
#$ A>$%&#
"
V"V
A>$?
A#&
(&
If + past simple
simple
Verb to be were B
V
past future
would , should +
BJ>=C
If I were rich , I should travel around the word.
(but I am not rich.)
He would meet her if he went to the party.
(but he doesnIt go to the party.)
/a>./0 : G#&(Y were #$G Inverted Form V
# If were A>$
(Y '
" (y'("A ?U
"
8[B
' !(Y #
$?
If I had more money , I would buy a new car.
Were I to have more money , I would buy a new car.
If she got a higher marks , her mother would buy her a new
dress.
Were she to get a higher marks , her mother would buy her a
new dress.
BJ>=C
If she had been there , she would have seen the accident.
(but she wasnIt there)
He would have given her money if she hadnIt gone out.
(but she went out)
: G#&(Y had + V3 G Inverted Form V
# if had A>$
(Y '
" (y + V3 + "A ?U
"
If she had been there , she would have seen the accident.
? Had she been there , she would have seen the accident.
He would have given her money if she hadnIt gone out.
? He would have given her money , hadnIt she gone out.
If you had gone to bed early last night, you would be in Chiangmai today.
? Had you gone to bed ear early last night, you would be in Chiangmai
today.
you would be in Chiangmai today if you had gone to bed early last night.
? You would be in Chiangmai today, Had you gone to bed ear early
last night.
***********************************************************
Structure
- If + v (present) , will +
infinitive ?
- will + infinitive , if +
v(present)
J should A>$
(Y
Example
- If he studies hard, he will
succeed. ?
- He will succeed if he studies
hard.
- If she telephones , tell me at once
?
- should she telephones ,tell me at
once.
2. present unreal - If + v (past) , would +
- If I were rich, I would buy a new
V infinitive
car.
V"V %&#
(v. to be were B) (but Iom not rich) ?
?
# if were
Were I rich , I would buy a new
A>$
(Y ?
car. ?
- would + infinitive , If + v
- I would buy a new car if were
(past)
rich.
3. past unreal
- If + v (past perfect) ?
- If she had been there , she would
V had + V3 , would have + V3 have seen the accident (but she
V"V
?
# if
was not there)
Had + subj + V3
- Had she been there , would
?
have_seen the accident.
would have + V3
?
If + had + V3
- She would have seen the accident
if she had been there.
4. mixed type
- If + V (past perfect) ?
g("
if (3) had +
'( (2) ?
V3 , would + V
(2) +if (3)
# if V
Had + Subj. + V3
?
would + V
if + had + V3
Exercise 1
DIRECTION : Change the following sentences into
Conditional sentences.
1. Oil (float) if you pour it on water.
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
2. If it snows, they (stay) at home.
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
3. She would go for a walk if it (be) fine.
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
4. He (come) if we asked him.
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
5. If Porn (be) here, he would help us. (inverted form)
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
6. If he (not waste) his money on gambling, he could have bought a house.
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
7. If they had arrived on time. I (be) surprised.
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
8. If she (have) a chance to learn English, she would have got a better job.
(inverted form)
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
9. If he (Be) a faithful husband, she would have loved him more than ever.
(inverted form)
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
10. If I (finish) my work yesterday. I would be in Chiangmai now.
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww...
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
Exercise 2
DIRECTION : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. ___________ the problems carefully yesterday, you would not find
any difficulty now.
a. if only you have studied
b. Even if you would study
c. if you had studied
d. Unless you should study
2. Had the government transferred television stations to the Mass Media
Organization of Thailand, the workers____________ protested.
a. would have
b. could have
c. should have
d. had
3. We____________ in such a great mess now if we____________it before.
a. wouldnot have been w. Have know
b. wouldnot be w. Had known
c. wonot have been w have known
d. wonot be w knew
4. You__________ from my post card that I was in Paris last week if you
had looked closely.
a. has seen
b. would see
c. will have see
d. would have seen
5. |If you ever__________ the queen, hat_________ you do? |Bow to her.}
a. will meet w.will
b. met w. will
c. meet w. Would
d. met w. would
6. |Iom sorry that I am late, it took more time to get here than I expected.}
|You _______ sooner. If you ______ the early bus before the rush hour.}
a. can arrive had taken
b. could arrive would have taken
c. would have arrived had taken
d. had arrived would have taken
Exercise 3
DIRECTION : Choose the correct answer for each item.
1. |Itos high time yo_________ to work hard.}
a. begin
b. began
c. were to begin
d. would begin
2. _________ Inform his parents.
a. The child misbehaved and
b. Was the child to misbehave,
c. Were the child to misbehave,
d. Should the child misbehave,
3. You must have had a good vacation, or you_________ so much weight.
a. did not put on
b. will not put on
c. had not put on
d. would not have put on
4. But for his intelligence, we__________ able to achieve it.
a. would never have been
b. were never
c. had never been
d. shall never
5. I would not listen to him if I_________ you.
a. was
b. am
c. would be
d. were
6. Provided Kevin_________ the time and the money, he would
travel round the world.
a. had
b. has
c. has had
d. would have
7. We proposed that sever measures__________ to combat crime.
a. would be adopted
b. should have been adopted
c. were adopted
d. be adopted