KNF1023 Engineering Mathematics II

Semester 1 Session 2016/2017

Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Tutorial 5
Engineering Applications of First Order DE Linear Models
For Tutorial 5 submission, only complete and submit Q1 4, 6, 8 and 9.
Mixtures
1.

A tank contains 200 litres of fluid in which 30 grams of salt is dissolved. Brine containing 1
gram of salt per litre is then pumped into the tank at a rate of 4 L/min. The well-mixed
solution is pumped out at the same rate. Find the number A(t) of grams of salt in the tank at
time t.
Answer:

2.

1
t
50

Solve Problem 1 assuming that pure water is pumped into the tank.
Answer:

3.

A( t ) 200 170e

A( t ) 30e

1
t
50

A large tank is filled to capacity with 500 liters of pure water. Brine containing 2 kg of salt per
litre is pumped into the tank at a rate of 5 liter/min. The well-mixed solution is pumped out at
the same rate. Find the number A(t) of pounds of salt in the tank at time t.
Answer:

4.

A( t ) 1000 1000e

1
t
100

In Problem 3, what is the concentration c(t) of the salt in the tank at time t? At time t = 5 min?
What is the concentration of the salt in the tank after a long time, that is, as t ? At what
time is the concentration of the salt in the tank equal to half of this limiting value?
Answer:

5.

c( t ) 2 2 e

1
t
100

; 0.0975 lb/gal; 2 lb/gal; 69.3 mins

Solve Problem 3 under the assumption that the solution is pumped out at a faster rate of 10
gal/min. When is the tank empty?
Answer: 100 mins
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6.

A large tank is partially filled with 100 gallons of fluid in which 10 pounds of salt is dissolved.
Brine containing pound of salt per gallon is pumped into the tank at a rate of 6 gal/min. The
well-mixed solution is then pumped out at a slower rate of 4 gal/min. Find the number of
pounds of salt in the tank after 30 minutes.
Answer: 64.38 lbs

7.

A mixing tank held 300 gallons of a brine solution. 50 pounds of salt were dissolved initially
in the tank. A brine solution with the concentration of 2 lb/gal was pumped into the tank at the
rate of 3 gal/min. The well-mixed solution was then pumped out of the tank at a slower rate of
2 gal/min. Now suppose that the tank has an open top, eventually the fluid will overflow. If
the total capacity of the tank is 400 gallons:
(a) When will the tank overflow?
(b) What will be the number of pounds of salt in the tank at the instant it overflows?
Answer: (a) 100 mins, (b) 490.625 lbs

8.

Consider two tanks A and B as shown in Figure 5.1 below, where each tank A and B are filled
with 50 gallons of brine. Solution containing 2 pounds of salt per gallon is pumped into tank A.
Construct the differential equations for both tanks.

Figure 5.1
Answer:

Tank A

dx1
x
2x
dx2 2 x1 2 x 2
6 2 1 ; Tank B

dt
50 25
dt
25
25

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9.

Based on Figure 5.2 below, construct differential equations for the number of pounds of salt
x1(t), x2(t) and x3(t) at time t in tanks A, B and C respectively.

Figure 5.2
Answer:

Tank A

x
dx1 x 2 3 x1
dx2 3 x1 7 x 2

3
; Tank B
dt 50 50
dt
50 100 100

Tank C

dx3
x
x
2 3
dt
20 20

10. Two very large tanks A and B are each partially filled with 100 gallons of brine. Initially, 100
pounds of salt is dissolved in the solution in tank A and 50 pounds of salt is dissolved in the
solution in tank B. The system is closed in that well-stirred liquid is pumped only between the
tanks, as shown in Figure 5.3 below:

Figure 5.3
a) Use the information given in the figure to construct differential equations for the number of
pounds of salt x1(t) and x2(t) at time t in tanks A and B, respectively.

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b) Since the system is closed, no salt enters or leaves the system. So variables x1(t) and x2(t)
have the relationship of x1 ( t ) x 2 ( t ) 150 . Use this relationship to find the amount of
salt in tank B at t = 30 mins.
Answer (a) :

Tank A

dx1 3 x 2 2 x1
dx2 2 x1 3 x 2

Tank B

dt 100 t 100 t
dt 100 t 100 t

Answer (b): 47.43 lbs.

11. Three large tanks contain brine, as shown in Figure 5.4. Use the information in the figure to
construct a mathematical model for the number of pounds of salt x1(t), x2(t) and x3(t) at time t
in tanks A, B and C, respectively. Without solving the system, predict limiting values of x 1(t),
x2(t) and x3(t) as t .

Figure 5.4
Answer:

Tank A

dx1
x
dx2
x
2x
1 ; Tank B
1 2
dt
50
dt
50 75

Tank C

dx3 2 x 2 x 3

dt
75 25

Series Circuit
12. A 30-volt electromotive force is applied to an LR series circuit in which the inductance is 0.1
henry and the resistance is 50 ohms.
Find the current i(t) if i(0) = 0. Determine the current as t .
Answer : i( t )

3 3 500 t
e
, t , i = 3/5A
5 5

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13. A 100-volt electromotive force is applied to an RC series circuit in which the resistance is 200
ohms and the capacitance is 10-4 farad. Find the charge q(t) on the capacitor if q(0) = 0. Find
the current i(t).
Answer : q( t )

1
1 50 t
1 50 t

e
, i( t ) e
100 100
2

14. A 200-volt electromotive force is applied to an RC series circuit in which the resistance is
1000 ohms and the capacitance is 5 x 10-6 farad.
Find the charge q(t) on the capacitor if i(0) = 0.4. Determine the charge and current at t =
0.005s. Determine the charge as t .
Answer : q( t )

1
1 200 t

e
; t = 0.005s, q = 0.0003 C, i = 0.1472 A; t , q = 0.001 C
1000 500

15. An electromotive force

120,
E (t )
0,

0 t 20
t 20

is applied to an LR series circuit in which the inductance is 20 henries and the resistance is 2
ohms. Find the current i(t) if i(0) = 0.

16. Show that a system of differential equations that describes the currents i 2(t) and i3(t) in the
electrical network shown in Figure 5.5 below is:

di
di2
L 3 R1i2 E (t )
dt
dt
di
di2
1
R1
R2 3 i3 0
dt
dt C
L

Figure 5.5

17. Determine a system of first-order differential equations that describes the currents i2(t) and i3(t)
in the electrical network shown in Figure 5.6 below:

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Figure 5.6
Answer :

E( t ) L1

di2
( R1 R2 )i2 R1i3 ;
dt

E ( t ) L2

di3
( R1 R2 )i3 R1i2
dt

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