Appendix Tables ‘his appendix contains the Erlang Loss Funetion Table aad the distribution and loss fanction tables forthe standard norm distribution and several Poiston distributions. Erlang Loss Function Table ‘The Eslng Loss Function Table contains the probability that a process step consisting of ‘marae esoures contains m flow unit, thai, all me resources ar uilized nterarivel times of flow units (ee customers or data packet.) are exponentially dstibuted with sean a and service times havea mean p (Service times do not have to follow an exponen “al dstoation). ‘Because there is no buffer space, if ow unit strives and all m servers are busy, then that ariving low unit leaves the system unserved (ie, the Now units lost). The colums In the table comespond t the mumber of esources mand te rows inthe table correspond tor = pla; thats the rato between the service time and the iterarival ime. Te follow ing two pages include two tables, one for small values of and one for larger vales ofr ‘Example: Find the probability Pa() that a process step consisting of tree parallel resources must deny access to newly ariving units. Flow units arrive one every a= 3 ‘minutes with exponential intrasval times and tke p = 2 minutes to serve. Fist, define 57 and find the corresponding row heading. Second, find the eolurn The intersection ofthat row with that column is P(r) = 0.0255. "Nowe that jr) canbe compated dirty based onthe following formula Probability (ll m servers busy} = P(r) -_— (Biting loss formula) ‘The exclamation mark (!inthe equation refers tothe factorial ofan integer number. To compute the factorial of an integer number, write down al numbers fom 10 and then rnuliply them with eachother. For example, 4! = [X23 %4= 24, Tis calculation tan be done with tke Excel fanetion FACTO).416 fypenae Erlang Los Table repfe 12 SSO 10 00907 ago%s 09002 0000 0009 o.0090 aa000 cando a.0eee em200 020 01667 atte 0011 0.0008 0060 G.0000 | Gaa00 —LaaoD 0.0000 8.0000 023 0000 oazs4 o.0020 0.0001 o.g000 9.0000 | 0000 G00 0.0000 | 2.0000 030 02508 a335 0033 0.0005 D000 .0000 00000 gam) 0.0000 0000 03302500 oc4a Boose G.6004 19000 oped 9000 19000 oeeD B20 O40 02857 Gnsai O0072 0.0007 0am! 0.0000 94000 Lead? 0.0000 D.000 O30 03333 G7e9 0127 O.bo16 doGc2 donee 00000 gad looeD DDD 040 03750 aon 00198 0.0030 ocG0e 0.0000 9.0000 0000 0000 0.0000 01176 0.0255 0042 0006 eoor 8.0000 8.0000 e000 9.0000, 01260 00266 0050 9.0007 dao! 0.0000 8.0000 0000 .0000 (03388 00835 0062 0.0009 gap! 8.0000 6.0000 ead 9.0000, (01509 00387 00077 0012 gunz 0000 0.0000 0000 o.0000 Bi7sr 9950) O.0r11 0029-9002 | 0.0000 Gan00 Gane 8.0000 02000 00625 O.0r54 0031 0005.00" DN ono 0.0000 2237 O08 8.0204 Bao4s —.ovee —B.0N0E DDD OnE 6.0000, 02466 00898 0.0262 006s 09120002 D009 o.nnG0 0.0000, 02577 00970 0254 0073 o.pa1s 0.0008 DanDd 00000 0.0000, 02687 01043 0.0828 008s | Soars © O.0008 | Bano e003 8.0000 02759 01092 0.035) 0083 00021 0.0008 O00! 0000 8.0000 02999 1192 04a BaTT? .noRG O.900S 8.9001 0000 .0000 03289 01496 0.0568 00177 ogo47 0.0011 8.0002 0000 0.0000, 03425 01598 0.0524 coms cose 0.0013 0.0003 cooD1 o.0000, 03486 01650 0.0655 00218 ads! O01 0.0003 ano! .00N0 0357 01726 o7e2 Goze0 aoe D017 O.d0N4 © aa! d0eD ae 08S Oo3T3 O.0098 O02” Gimp0s anor 0.0000 ‘ado 0210s ars? O36) car) oes .ane 8.0002 ono Datss 02254 0.1058 O0423 0147 OOD SADT! O.0003 | 4.001 Dados 62400 1866 Oaks 0.0176 8055 —BaDTS Lou 0.0001 Daas 02563 01275 Hasse 10208 0.0068 00019 HooES 0.0001 04495 02:91 01313 Gas77 00220 9.0073 o.goz1 cdoDs 0.0001 Basse 0264 01387 Gnaee nate 0.0083 0.0025 GaDO? 0002 ban? ato2 01499 Gos? oak? p10 aon) cage one? bassz 02956 01612 00773 Oua24 OTIS O.0089 Gant .o0eS 04923 doa ee? Bossa 00133 note ont? 0003 4963 03007 01725 D036 ogra O04 Cone canoe sont 03182 aval oes arse ones2 one 0.0004 sore 03215 01837 Boa? ores 00057 0018 G00 sie 030 O99 S.otse aor90 10068 0.0022 80008 20403462 02061, Sosa aazte 0061 0.0027 9.0008 05396 93st 02172 Oasre G02 ta0es nas Dao D5e4 03695 0.2261 90636 00285 DaTI2 booKd O.0013 Osea oa7si 02836 9.0555.» G0300 0120 boos D004 83587 03807 0.2390, Oe? | G0318 O13) D047 D008 33307602 osei8 03843 02026 dor Goss Gate ou0s0 D007 340772705678 0381s 02497 0.0760 00385 0149 0086 9.019 35007778 ures naam 02603 Dies 00306 00170 0.0066 | aa025 Sid 07828 O58e8 Dain 0.2707 Dosst oo#38 0193 0.0077 ccoes Ber o7as7 03802 Osi) 02775 00937 coves 0710 O.0085 | Og03t 570 O7e72 03829 Oa 0.2009 a7z .0960 0.0482 OOaI8 ane 0.0033 375 07898 05968 04273 02650 O1765 1084 D050 ON732 0.0086 0.0086, So 07917 Ognor Gaszi O910 OnBlT 4029 0.0829 Boas Onle? O.0019 390 09989 O60ar Oais 0.3009 1501 01100 00577 OO2r4 OUTI7 DONE ‘00 olg000 Oise O.4s07 03107 DARD OL1172 0.0627 0030480138 0.0083,Erlang Loss able Tables 407 replat 5 8 1003060 nse goon « S001 00000 .p000 og00e 13 00 Sora Seen 2a Ser Sauer coo a one 06s ocoe ba 7s00 otter cos 33 are ois Saors a Stoo oi 033 43 Obie 2280 boos Prt oe oniee SS Oaae oaen Sas so ae Seo Soar §S ser oa oa356 fa Seo outer Save? zs Saae 4830 Sams ea es oa Siar 8S Soper oso Gtaae $a Ssoe0 Sa Shee0 os toe ogee Sine wea Soest 23600 Sates ws S30 oss oar Ma Sater os 83886 MS S3am0 tate ae ua asa betes S309 BS Osa bie S30 io (O96 beste owe BS Sone 28630 Skies Wo 9338 tert 23975 Ma Sout bene Sate 15 Oise F022 04288 ted Oger O75 oitos tes Sea9 ores Sasa WO eae Dyas ea Ws Soap Oras bast tea Sara 87408 09835 1s Guar 786 08033 183500 7509 Oster Bs S918 ser sar 3a Sse 7544 03380 bs Sons C7697 380 Bo 55 orn ossr6 BS S586 o7798 3668 ea Sse Oras 3757 BS Goer oe58 3602 Bo Soe 7355 Osa BS Sass Sor cos 2a S3600 Saora B079 BS Soe ans oa 23 Sees 3050, Sez 33 Soe Saree See 3so Boe oa oaise 2s Osee earee Seas a Soe Gaze Seas 23 foe Gaze Sasa 2s Oass tas 8400 Bs O66 Sane S836 Bo Deer one sano Bs Ober oasee ores Soler? Sa3oe oats 359803 azo O80 Bo (sea See earie as ese ones Ssesr oes Seer 8700218 sppend Distribution and Loss Function Tables ‘The Standard Noma Disuibuion Function Table contain the probability thatthe outcome ofa sandard normal randoms variable or smaller. The table provides values up to two ‘gniicant digits. Find the row and column headings that ad upto the value you ar look- ing fr. The intersection ofthat rv and column consis the probability you seek, 1). ‘Buample (1): Find the probability tht a standard normal random variable generates an ‘outcome that is 7 = =1.54 or lower, Fis, find the row heading ~1.. Second, find the ‘column heading ~0.04 because (1-5) + (~004) = —154, The intersection of that row ‘ith hat column is @(— 1.54) = 0.0618. ‘Exanple 2) Find te probably that a standaré normal random variable generates an ‘outcome that tz ~ 0,52 or lower Fis, find the rw heading 0.5. Second, find the column beading 0.02 because (0.5) + (0.02) = 0.52, The intersection of thet row with that column is (0.52) = 0.6985. ‘The Standard Norm Los Funcsion ble i organized in the same way as the Standart Normal Distribtion Funtion Table. “The Poisson Distribution Function Table provides the probability a Poisson disibuion with a given mean (column heading) i So fewer. “The Poisson Loss Function Table provides the expected amourt the ovteome of «Poisson ase Soars Goats tose onuet aca ane TVS biss 646s oes Gores Sows nim nse TiS 8355 Gosrt Sosa toe onaee Sets ne30 TA Saeat Seuss Sorte carn gots “Bias Saat “3 Saeas Sous fons ones Savor Bone “12 Soeas 8008 Elam asome ConnseD ners tons OIB47 DORsEI Gosa2s 4266 O0SIO9 Codes 2.00101 o.00152 o.00223 0.00322 0.00456 canes6 0.00872 0.01178 Ocrse® O.20e3 0.02678 Doses (2.90036 0.00056 donGes 000126 .00184 aonz6s 2.00372 0.00517 0n706 OO09S2 0>1266 doraes 00012 0.00020 v.c0081 000047 o.c0071 aontas aoGts2 0.00217 o.0t808 BaD4zD O00 voor 2.00004 00007 0.00011 0.00017 o.c0026 «00040 0.00059 8.00087 0012s O.0D177 O0vz DOD 2.90007 c0ee2 00004 0.09008 .00008 «,c0014 0.00022 0.90032 2.20048 0.00077 0.00103 ADDIS (2.99000 .00007 seneo: 0.00002 0.00003 «60005 0.0008 o.000%2 eator9 0.0028 O.oDo41 O200S9 2.00000 9.00000 04000 0.09001 o.c0001 s.c0002 o.0003 e.00004 condo? 90010 0.00016 coors 190000 9.60000 s.caa00 cc0000 0.00000 s.on007 «00001 0.00001 Londo” GaDDDs O.000 Hedda £00000 0.09080 .ce000 ec0000 0.00000 a.or000 «00000 6.90080 s.oGoo1 00001 aoe: HeCaDS ————._OUN SOUL S000 .8HFE _GaDH0} 0.0000 o.80002 aacOD3 SUNMUSEIRELASSS om Vavawnuele