CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

I. Overview
II. Category of L1 fail reason

III.Case study
IV.L1 Analysis work procedure

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Overview

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Overview
If there is no network coverage or coverage levels are excessively low in an area, the area is called a weak coverage area.
The receive level of a UE is less than its minimum access level because downlink receive levels in a weak coverage area are unstable.
In this situation, the UE is disconnected from the network.
After entering a weak coverage area, UEs in connected mode cannot be handed over to a high-level cell, and even service drop occur because of
low levels and signal quality.

Factors Affecting Coverage

Uplink

Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)

eNodeB receiver sensitivity

Total transmit power

Frequency band
Antenna Gain
Antenna Height
Antenna Parameters (Pattern)
Morphology

Considered when perform RF

design by Validation team

Downlink

Antenna diversity gain

If not correctly reflected in BSP

for those simulation parameters,
should be request to fix the
problems

UE Transmit power
Propagation loss of uplink radio signals

Antenna Tilt
Antenna Azimuth

Optimization
parameters

Terrain

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

RSRP Fail Analysis methods
Classification of Coverage Problems (RSRP is mainly involved)
Weak coverage and coverage holes
Continuous coverage must be
ensured.

Cross coverage
The actual coverage must be
consistent with the planned one to
prevent service drops caused by
overshooting.

Unbalance between uplink and

downlink
Uplink and downlink losses must be
balanced to resolve uplink and
downlink coverage problems

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Lack of a dominant cell

Each cell on a network must have a
dominant coverage area to prevent
frequent reselections or handovers
caused by signal changes.

CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Resolving Weak coverage and coverage holes
-

Analyze geographical environments and check the receive levels of adjacent eNodeBs.

Analyze the EIRP of each sector based on parameter configurations and ensure EIRPs can reach maximum values if possible.

Increase coverage by adjacent eNodeBs to achieve large coverage overlapping between two eNodeBs and ensure a moderate handover area.

Analyze the impact of scenarios and terrains on coverage.

Case:
Measured for a weak coverage area by performing drive test on UEs
Perform drive test in 76% OCNS Loading environments
to obtain the distribution of signals on test routes.
Then, find a weak coverage area based on the RSRP
distribution, as shown in the figure.

Adjust RF parameters of the eNodeB covering the area

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Resolving Cross coverage
-

Adjust antenna azimuths properly so that the direction of the main lobe slightly oblique from the direction of a street. This reduces excesslvely
far coverage by electric waves because of reflection from buildings on two sides of the street.

Adjust antenna tilts or replace antennas with large-tilt antennas while ensuring proper antenna azimuths. Tilt adjustment is the most effective
approach to control coverage. Tilts are classified into electrical tilts and mechanical tilts. Electrical tilts are preferentially adjusted if possible.

Increase the antenna tilt for a high sites.

Case:
Cross coverage caused by improper Tilt settings

Symptom:
As shown in the right figure, cross
coverage occurs in a cell whose PCI
is 179. therefore, the cell interferes
with other cells, which increases the
probably of service drop.
Analysis:
The most possible cause for cross
coverage is excessively antenna
height or improper tilt settings.
According to a check on the current
engineering parameter settings, the
tilt is set to an excessively small
value. Therefore, it is recommended
that the tilt be increased.

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Resolving Imbalance between uplink and downlink
When UE transmit power is less than eNodeB transmit power, UES In idle mode may receive eNodeB signals and successfully register in cells.
However the eNodeB cannot receive uplink signals because of limited power when UES Perform random access or upload data. In this situation,
the uplink coverage distance is less than the downlink coverage distance. Imbalance between uplink and downlink involves limited uplink or
downlink coverage.
In case of limited uplink coverage, UE transmit power reaches its maximum but still cannot meet the requirement for uplink BLERs.
In limited downlink coverage, the downlink DCH transmit code power reaches its maximum but still cannot meet the requirement for the
downlink BLER. Imbalance between uplink and downlink leads to service drops, the most common cause is limited uplink coverage.
Case:
Imbalance betwee uplink and downlik
If uplink interference leads to imbalance between uplink and downlink, check eNodeB RSSI receive level from outside. If the value is grater than -80dBm, it caused by
imbalance between uplink and downlink.
Check whether equipment works properly and whether alarms are generated if imbalance between uplink and downlink is caused by other factors, for example, the
antenna system for receive diversity is faulty when reception and transmission are separated, or power amplifiers are faulty.

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Resolving Lack of a dominant cell
-

Determine cell covering an area without a dominant cell during network planning, and adjust antenna tilts and azimuths to increase coverage
by a cell with strong signals and decrease coverage of other cells with weak signals.

Adjust engineering parameters of a cell that can optimally cover the area as required

Case:
Lack of a dominant cell

Symptom:
UEs frequently perform cell reselections or
handovers between near cells.

RSRP distribution Map

PCI distribution Map

Analysis:
Analysis can be based on signaling procedures
and PCI distribution. According to PCI
distribution shown in the figure, PCIs alternate
in two or more colors in there is no dominant
cell

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Case Study

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Case #1: High-rise Building block
Twice times tried to increase for the RSRP problematic location as shown below figure but cant increase the RSRP value due to blocked by multiple high-rise buildings

SCFT RSRP Distribution Map

Physical Parameters
Antenna Height (m)
Antenna Azimuth
Antenna Tilt Mechanical
Antenna Tilt Electrical

330
Degree

Sector
Alpha
20
30
0
0

Sector Beta
20
120
0
2

Sector
Gamma
20
270
0
4

1st DT RSRP Distribution Map

Physical Parameters
Antenna Height (m)
Antenna Azimuth
Antenna Tilt Mechanical
Antenna Tilt Electrical

0
Degree

Sector
Alpha
20
30
0
0

Sector Beta
20
120
0
2

Sector
Gamma
20
270
0
4

2nd DT RSRP Distribution Map

Physical Parameters
Antenna Height (m)
Antenna Azimuth
Antenna Tilt Mechanical
Antenna Tilt Electrical

30
Degree

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Sector
Alpha
20
30
0
0

Sector Beta
20
120
0
2

Sector
Gamma
20
270
0
0

60
Degree

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Case #2: occurred site alarms during drive test
Particular sites PCI dose not observed due to alarm occurred during drive test as shown below figure.
Flow
Fail location define

Gathering information
- RET Info
- EMF Report
- Alarm history
- Tuning history
Compare with actual
antenna parameter
and recommendation
Check whether the
problematic locations
are having
geographical issues
are there or not
Decide whether
provide physical
antenna parameter
recommendation

PCI =154

If the problematic
areas are cant
optimization, than
create exceptional
case report and
discuss with RJIL team

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Case #3: Overshooting
Observed overshooting case as shown below figure, this cluster terrain is very unstable and too much different antenna height between individual sites.

Altitude profile

Altitude: about 2,054m

Difference 203m

Altitude: about 1,851m

DT Cycle
DT1
DT2
DT3
DT3-r1

RSRP

86.97%
90.25%
95.62%
94.68%

Overlapping Server within 5dB<=1 (60%)

58.97%
59.70%
60.62%
63.87%

Overlapping Server within 5dB<=2 (90%)

84.99%
85.85%
86.60%
87.28%

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Most of Himachal clusters

have Hilly Terrain
It is hard to meet overlapping
criteria via physical antenna
optimization
After multiple drive tests
iterations with various physical
parameters settings we still fail
to maintain cluster KPIs
EDT cause RSRP to fail
EUT cause Overshooting
Radius thresholds to exceed
This case could be expected
that cant met both of KPI
criteria for overlapping and
RSRP.
This kind of case is
corresponds to exceptional
case
If decided exceptional cluster,
must be prepare the
exceptional case report and
discuss with RJIL.

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Case #4: different received RSRP level with other test mobile
If measured RSRP result is different with other test mobile it can be caused of RSRP failure. In case of RSRP calculation in Actix, take LDL1 and LUL so, if both of 2 test
mobile LDL1 and LUL measured RSRP is worst than other scenario, should be request to circle team to change when perform next drive.

2rd UL RSRP

3rd UL RSRP

2rd UL RSRP

3rd UL RSRP

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Case #5: Unstable terrain and blocked by heavy dense trees
Many times tried to achieve RSRP KPI pass without reduce BSP size but cant met KPI criteria because of below issues.
In case of Kelela circle, BSP size is more bigger if antenna down tilt is more than 0 degree.
Pre-Optimization (1st DT)

Post-Optimization (2nd DT)

Post-Optimization (3rd DT)

Non-Exclusion

Exclusion

Status

Non-Exclusion

Exclusion

Status

Non-Exclusion

Exclusion

Status

99.17%

99.34%

PASS

88.16%

88.76%

FAIL

83.53%

84.31%

FAIL

Gamma sector view 290 degree

Alpha sector view 60 degree

820m
810m
550m

Bad sample 1

Bad sample 2

570m

Heavy vegetation location

Alpha and Gamma sectors were
observed many bad sample
It caused by unstable terrain and blocked
by heavy dense tree
In case of Beta sector, quite open area
and looks like line of site hence,
measured RSRP OK even increased BSP
size.
Lot of AMSL variation RSRP is failing at
high AMSL areas. We are getting best
RSRP sample at 0 degree E-Tilt only.

I-KL-KZNC-ENB-6000
Height: 38m
Azimuth: 60 / 190 / 290
Tilt (Current): 1 / 1 / 1

Beta sector view 190 degree

BSP of First Drive Test

590m

750m

BSP of Second Drive Test

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

Case #6: Drag bad serving cell due to did not handover
Sometime UE drag bad signal without handover because no neighbor relation with particular sites it could caused of RSRP failure.

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

L1 Analysis Work Porcedure

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CLOT L1 Fail Analysis Methods

L1 FAIL Analysis work procedure
RF Design

SiteForge

Coordinator

Analyzer

LSM

Should be considering about SITEFORGE EMF Report

That included surrounding photos.

Drive route (KML)

BSP (KML)
RSRP Plot (KML)
PCI Plot (KML)
Analyzer opinion

Preparation for
necessary report

If not possible to reduce

BSP, need to create
exceptional case report

NEO Team

Gathering the information

Preparation for Analysis data

LSM Information
- RET Information
- Alarm history
- UL RSSI
- VSWR

Define RSRP Fail area

Basic checks :
implemented in system
that tx_atten as type3
Ant 3dB(20 -> 50),
type4 is 1dB(20 -> 30)

Analysis for L1 KPI Fail reason

Poor Coverage (Need Optimization)

Anyplan Analysis

BSP Issue
Terrain Block
Block by high rise building or
heavy dense trees or ETC
Neighbor Issues

BSP Issue raise regulation

- In case of DT1, should be try to more analyze. If the case is
obviously BSP problem such as in correctly selected morphology,
than can be BSP issue raise.
- Basically, BSP issue can be raise only beyond DT2

Site Alarms
UE Issue
SOLPAR Issues
Should be reflect above
issue in analysis report

Recommendation
Create Report
Request to validate

Recommendation regulation
- Electrical tilt: should be less then 7 degree (if necessary, may
apply more then 7 degree but should describe to reason why? In
analysis report.
- Should be considering about Google Earth map and EMF Report if
available when suggest to physical antenna parameters.

Share with circle team

Create exceptional case

Report

Analyzer decide, if cant achieve for L1 KPI PASS

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