MAT 137

Tutorial #1 Logic
September 2223, 2014
1. Write the negation of each of the following statements in as simple a way as possible.
(a) My favourite integer number is greater than 7.
(b) Every student at U of T has a cellphone.
(c) There is a country in the European Union with fewer than 1000 inhabitants.
(d) I like pistachios and walnuts.
(e) I have 3 or 4 cousins.
(f) If my last name has an odd number of letters, then my first name also has an odd
number of letters.
2. Which of the following statements are equivalent to the statement, Every Spanish man
likes soccer?
(a) If a man is Spanish, then he likes soccer.
(b) If a man likes soccer, then he is Spanish.
(c) If a man does not like soccer, then he is not Spanish.
(d) If a man is not Spanish, then he does like soccer.
(e) Non-Spanish men do not like soccer.
(f) If a Spaniard does not like soccer, then she is a woman.
3. Four cards lie on the table in front of you. You know that each card has a letter on one
side and a number on the other. At the moment, you can read the symbols E, P , 3, and 8
on the sides that are up. I tell you that, If a card has a vowel on one side, then it has an
odd number on the other side. Which cards do you need to turn over in order to verify
whether I am telling the truth or not?
Hint: The answer E and 3 is incorrect.
4. Which of the following statements are equivalent to the statement, No two students in
this class are not on fire.? Which are equivalent to its negation? Which ones are neither?
(a) All student in this class, except at most one, are on fire.
(b) Two students in this class are on fire.
(c) For any pair of students in this class, one of them is on fire.
(d) At least two students in this class are not on fire.
(e) Your TA has put all the students out.
(f) If I choose two students in this class and one of them is not on fire, then the other
one is on fire.

MAT 137
Tutorial #1 Logic
September 2223, 2014

Challenge questions
These are interesting, fun logic puzzles, but perhaps beyond the scope of this course. If you get
done with the previous four questions quickly, have a go at them.
5. This problems is a classic and you may have heard it before. You find yourself in a room
with two doors. One door leads to freedom, and the other door leads to a deadly trap.
There are two guards in the room. One of the guards always tells the truth whereas the
other guard always lies, but you do not know which one is which. You are allowed to
approach one of the guards and pose her one single Yes-No question. After that, you have
to choose one of the two doors. Which question will you pose so as to guarantee your
escape to freedom?
6. This problem is a more subtle version of the above one. You find yourself in a room with
three guards. One of the guards always tells the truth, one of the guards always lies, and
the third guards answers questions randomly. You do not know which guard is which. You
are allowed to approach one of the guards and pose him one single question. (You do not
get to ask anything to the other two guards.) After that, you are required to select one of
the guards. You win if you select a guard who is not the random one. Even though it may
seem impossible, there is a way to guarantee winning in this game. Which question will
you pose?

MAT 137
Tutorial #1 Logic
September 2223, 2014
Solutions
1.
(a) My favourite integer number is less than or equal to 7.
(b) There is a student at U of T who does not have a cellphone.
(c) Every country in the European Union has at least 1000 inhabitants.
(d) I do not like pistachios or I do not like walnuts (or both).
(e) I have less than 3 or more than 4 cousins.
(f) My last name has an odd number of letters and my first name has an even number of
letters.
2. (a), (c), (f).
Well, to be exact, this assumes that every individual self-identifies as man or woman. This
is not really the case, as there are gender-queer individuals, so maybe we should not include
(f).
3. E and 8.
4.
(a) Equivalent.
(b) Neither.
(c) Equivalent.
(d) Equivalent to the negation.
(e) Neither.
(f) Equivalent.