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Mid Solution
Mid Solution
The quadratic f ( x ) = ( x 0.3)( x 0.5) obviously has zeros at 0.3 and 0.5.
(a) Why is the interval [0.1, 0.6] not a satisfactory starting interval for
bisection?
Ans :
f(0.1) = 0.08 and f(0.6) = 0.03 f(0.1)*f(0.6) > 0
(b) If you start with [0, 0.32], which root is reached with bisection?
Left
Right
Result
0
0.16
0.32
0.32
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.32
New
Iteration
0.16
0.24
1
2
0.28
0.30
3
4
Reach root 3.
(c) Using the interval in (b), how many iterations will be required to attain an
accuracy of 0.01 ?
Ans :
Version 1 :
Left
Right
Result
0
0.16
0.24
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.28
0.32
Version 2 :
0.32 0.0
2n
0.01 n = 5
New
Iteration
0.16
0.24
0.28
1
2
3
0.30
2.
3.
f (x ) = x 2 x 2 = 0
x+2 ,
g 3 ( x) = 1 +
2
,
x
x2 + 2
,
2x 1
Analyze the convergence properties of each of the corresponding fixed-point
g 4 ( x) =
g1 ( x) = 2 x
g 2 ( x) =
1
2 x+2
g 3 ( x ) =
g 4 ( x) =
g1 (2) = 4 > 1
1
x2
2x 2 2x 4
(2 x 1)2
diverge.
g 2 (2) =
1
<1
4
converge.
g 3 ( 2) =
1
<1
4
converge.
g 4 (2) = 0 < 1
converge.
4.
Carry out one iteration of Newtons method applied to the system of nonlinear
equations with starting point x0 = [x0
y 0 ] = [1 2]
T
x + 2y 2
f ( x, y ) = 2
2
x + 4 y 4
Ans :
1 2
J ( x, y ) =
2 x 8 y
1
1 1 2
x1 = x0 + J ( x0 )( f ( x 0 )) = +
2 2 16
11
1 1 16 2 3 1 6
= +
= +
2 12 2 1 13 2 7
12
1
5.
3
13
5
6
=
17
12
A = LU
ATx = b
(LU) Tx = b
UTLTx = b
Q UT is a lower-triangular matrixand LT is a upper- triangular matrix
Let L1 = UTU1= LT
L1 U1x = b
First we get y = U1x from L1y = b by forward-substitution
then we get x from y = U1x by backward substitution.
6.
1 1 0
(a) det( 1 2 1 ) = 0
0 1 1
singular
1 0
1 0
1 1 0
1
1
1
1
(b) 1 2 1 (1) 1 1 (1)
0 1 1
(0) 1 1
(0) (1) 0
0 0
1
L = 1 1 0
0 1 1
1 1 0
U = 0 1 1
0 0 0
7.
i = 1,2,,n
6 2 1
2
(b) Coefficient matrix is 2 7
1
2 5
8.
1
0
0 Qi Pi
1 Qi +1 Pi +1
=
0 Qi + 2 Pi + 2
3 Qi +3 Pi +3
0 0
0 0
3 0
0 3
replace it back
p(u) = u
= u
u2
2
3
1
0
u2
u1
u1
1
3
1
3
3
6
3
0
2
3
0
0
3
3
0
0
1
2
1
0
1 1
1 0
0 3
0 0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
0 Qi
1 Q i +1
0 Q i + 2
3 Q i +3
1 Qi
0 Q i +1
0 Q i + 2
0 Qi+3
(c)
P0~3 = u 3
P3~ 6 = u 3
u2
u2
u1
1 3 3
3 6 3
1
3 3
0
0
0
1
1 10 10
0 50 15
= u3
0 75 60
0 90 100
u1
1 3 3
3 6 3
1
3 3
0
0
0
1
1 90
0 105
0 150
0 180
100
140
= u3
200
140
u2
u2
u1
u1
45
5
45 120
1
120 15
10
10
45 140
90
60
1
45
120
100
90
X = 5u 3 45u 2 + 120u + 10
P0~3 0~3
3
2
Y0~3 = 45u + 120u + 15u + 10
X = 45u 3 + 90u 2 + 45u + 90
P3~ 6 3~ 6
u [0 , 1]
3
2
Y
u
u
u
=
140
+
60
+
120
+
100
3~ 6
9.
X 3 X 5 a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x 2 + a3 x 3
10. X
+
=
3
5
1 + b1 x + b2 x 2 + b3 x 3
x 0 : a0 = 0
x1 : a1 = 1
x 2 : a 2 = b1
1
+ b2
x 3 : a3 =
3
1
x 4 : 0 = b3 b1
3
1 b
x5 : 0 = 2
5 3
b b
x6 : 0 = 1 3
5 3
3
5
b1 = b3 = 0
b2 =
a3 =
1 3 4
+ =
3 5 15
4 3
x
15
Pad approximation:
3
1+ x2
5
x+
0 0
2
0 1 0
2
det
1
0 0
2
0
...
...
0 ... ...
... 0
... 0
1
= ( ) n if n det 0
... 0
2
... 0
1
...
2 n*n
But it is nonsingular
(b) False.
(textbook p117)A small number means good conditioninga large one means
ill-conditioning(nearly singular).
(c) True.
Condition number = A A 1 .
cond(A) =
A A 1
A 1 A
= cond( A 1 )
(d) False.
(textbook p184) B-spline need not pass through any points of the set that are
used in its definition.
(e) True.
(textbook p170).cubic spline meets these conditions :
g i( xi +1 ) = g i +1( xi +1 ) C2 continuous.
(d) True
(e) False.