დევიდ ჰოლიდეი, რობერტ რეზნიკი, ჯერლი უოლკერი - ფიზიკის საფუძვლები (1-7 თავი)

devid holidei
robert rezniki
jerli uolkeri
fizikis
safuZvlebi
pirveli qarTuli gamocema
ilias saxelmwifo
universiteti
2010
sarCevi
nawili I
Tavi 5. Zala da moZraoba................................131
Tavi 1. erTeulTa sistema..................................9
5.1. ra aris fizika?.......................................................131

5.2. niutonis meqanika...................................................131
5.3. niutonis pirveli kanoni.....................................132
5.4. Zala............................................................................132
5.5. masa.............................................................................134
5.6. niutonis meore kanoni.........................................135
5.7. zogierTi konkretuli Zala...............................139
5.8. niutonis mesame kanoni.........................................144
5.9. niutonis kanonebis gamoyeneba..........................145
mimoxilva da Sejameba..................................................152
SEekiTxvebi........................................................................153
amocanebi..........................................................................155
1.1. ra aris fizika?...........................................................9

1.2. sidideebis gazomva....................................................9
1.3. erTeulebis saerTaSoriso sistema...................10
1.4. erTeulTa Secvla....................................................11
1.5. sigrZe..........................................................................13
1.6. dro...............................................................................14
1.7. masa...............................................................................17
mimoxilva da Sejameba....................................................18
amocanebi............................................................................18
Tavi 2. wrfivi moZraoba....................................26

2.1. ra aris fizika?.........................................................26
2.2 moZraoba......................................................................26
Tavi 6. Zala da moZraoba................................168
2.3. mdebareoba da gadaadgileba................................27
6.1. ra aris fizika?.......................................................168

6.2. xaxuni.........................................................................168
6.3. xaxunis Tvisebebi...................................................170
6.4. wevis Zala da saboloo siCqare..........................174
6.5. Tanabari wriuli moZraoba..................................177
SekiTxvebi........................................................................184
amocanebi..........................................................................185
2.4. saSualo manZili da saSualo siCqare.................28

2.5. myisi manZili da myisi siCqare .............................31
2.6. aCqareba.......................................................................33
2.7. Tanabari aCqareba: gansakuTrebuli SemTxveva...35
2.8. kidev erTxel Tanabari aCqarebis Sesaxeb.........38
2.9. Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba..............................39
2.10. grafikuli integrali moZraobis SeswavlaSi...42
SekiTxvebi .........................................................................45
amocanebi . ........................................................................ 46
Tavi 3. veqtorebi.................................................60
3.1. ra aris fizika?.........................................................60
3.2. veqtorebi da skalarebi.........................................60
3.3. veqtorebis geometriuli Sekreba......................61
3.4. veqtorebis komponentebi......................................64
3.5. erTeulovani veqtorebi........................................68
3.6. veqtorebis Sekreba komponentebis
saSualebiT.................................................................69
3.7. veqtorebi da fizikis kanonebi............................73
3.8. veqtorebis gamravleba..........................................73
SekiTxvebi..........................................................................79
amocanebi............................................................................80
Tavi 4. organzomilebiani da
samganzomilebiani moZraoba...........88
4.1. ra aris fizika?.........................................................88
4.2. mdebareoba da gadaadgileba................................88
4.3. saSualo siCqare da myisi siCqare........................91
4.4. saSualo aCqareba da myisi aCqareba....................94
4.5. Wurvisebri moZraoba..............................................96
4.6. Wurvisebri moZraobis analizi............................98
4.7. Tanabari wriuli moZraoba..................................104
4.8. erTganzomilebiani fardobiTi moZraoba......106
4.9. organzomilebiani fardobiTi moZraoba........108
SekiTxvebi........................................................................111
amocanebi..........................................................................113
Tavi 7. kinetikuri energia da muSaoba......199

7.1. ra aris fizika?.......................................................199
7.2. ra aris energia?.....................................................199
7.3. kinetikuri energia................................................200
7.4. muSaoba......................................................................201
7.5. muSaoba da kinetikuri energia..........................201
7.6. mizidulobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
muSaoba......................................................................205
7.7. drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
muSaoba......................................................................209
7.8. cvladi Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba.....212
7.9. simZlavre.................................................................216
SekiTxvebi........................................................................219
amocanebi..........................................................................220
Tavi 8. potenciuri energia da energiis

Senaxva.....................................................231
8.1. ra aris fizika?.......................................................231
8.2. muSaoba da potenciuri energia........................232
8.3. Semnaxveli Zalebis traeqtoriisgan
damoukidebloba.....................................................233
8.4. potenciuri energiis mniSvnelobebis
gansazRvra...............................................................235
8.5. meqanikuri energiis Senaxva................................237
8.6. potenciuri energiis grafikis wakiTxva........242
8.7. gare Zalis mier sistemaze Sesrulebuli
muSaoba.......................................................................245
8.8. energiis Senaxva......................................................248
SekiTxvebi........................................................................254
amocanebi..........................................................................256
Tavi 9. masis centri da impulsi..................275

9.1. ra aris fizika?.......................................................275
9.2. masis centri............................................................276
9.3. niutonis meore kanoni nivTier wertilTa
sistemisTvis............................................................280
9.4. impulsi.....................................................................284
9.5. nivTier wertilTa sistemis impulsi...............285
9.6. Sejaxeba da impulsi..............................................285
9.7. impulsis mudmivoba...............................................289
9.8. impulsi da kinetikuri energia Sejaxebebis
dros...........................................................................293
9.9. araelastiuri Sejaxebebi erT
ganzomilebaSi.........................................................293
9.10. elastiuri Sejaxebebi erT ganzomilebaSi..297
9.11. Sejaxebebi or ganzomilebaSi...........................300
9.12. cvladi masis mqone sistemebi: raketa...........301
SekiTxvebi........................................................................304
amocanebi..........................................................................307
Tavi 10. brunva....................................................324

10.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................324
10.2. brunvis parametrebi...........................................324
10.3. arian Tu ara kuTxuri sidideebi
veqtorebi?.............................................................329
10.4. brunva Tanabari kuTxuri aCqarebiT..............330
10.5. wrfivi da kuTxuri cvladebis erTmaneTTan
dakavSireba............................................................332
10.6. brunvis kinetikuri energia..............................335
nawili II
Tavi 12. wonasworoba da elastiuroba.....406
12.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................406
12.2. wonasworoba..........................................................346
12.3. wonasworobisTvis saWiro pirobebi...............408
12.4. mizidulobis centri..........................................409
12.5. statikuri wonasworobis ramdenime
magaliTi.................................................................411
12.6. statikurad ganusazRvreli
konstruqcia.........................................................417
12.7. elastiuroba.........................................................419
kiTxvebi............................................................................424
amocanebi..........................................................................425
Tavi 13. miziduloba.........................................439

13.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................439
13.2. niutonis mizidulobis kanoni.........................440
13.3. miziduloba da zeddebis principi.................442
13.4. miziduloba dedamiwis zedapirTan axlos...444
13.5. miziduloba dedamiwis SigniT.........................447
13.6. mizidulobis potenciuli energia.................449
13.7. planetebi da Tanamgzavrebi: kepleris
kanonebi....................................................................453
13.8. Tanamgzavrebi: orbitebi da energia..............457
13.9. ainStaini da miziduloba..................................459
SekiTxvebi........................................................................462
amocanebi..........................................................................464
Tavi 14. siTxeebi................................................476

14.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................476
14.2. ra aris siTxe?.......................................................476
14.3. simkvrive da wneva.................................................477
14.4. siTxeebi uZrav mdgomareobaSi.........................479
10.7. brunviTi inerciis gamoTvla...........................336

10.8. mabruni momenti...................................................340
10.9. niutonis meore kanoni brunvisTvis..............342
10.10. muSaoba da brunvis kinetikuri energia .....345
SekiTxvebi........................................................................350
amocanebi..........................................................................352
Tavi 11. gorva, mabruni momenti da

kuTxuri impulsi...............................367
11.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................367
11.2. gorva, rogorc gadataniTi moZraobis da
brunvis gaerTianeba............................................368
11.3. gorvis kinetikuri energia...............................368
11.4. gorvis Zalebi........................................................370
11.5. io-io........................................................................373
11.6. mabruni momentis xelaxla ganxilva...............374
11.7. kuTxuri impulsi..................................................376
11.8. niutonis meore kanonis kuTxuri forma.......379
11.9. nivTier wertilTa sistemis kuTxuri
impulsi....................................................................381
11.10. fiqsirebuli RerZis garSemo mbrunavi
myari sxeulis kuTxuri impulsi....................382
11.11. kuTxuri impulsis mudmivoba.........................385
11.12. giroskopis precesia.........................................390
kiTxvebi............................................................................392
amocanebi..........................................................................394
14.5. wnevis gazomva.......................................................482

14.6. paskalis principi................................................483
14.7. arqimedes principi..............................................485
14.8. moZravi idealuri siTxeebi..............................488
14.9. uwyvetobis gantoleba.......................................489
14.10. bernulis gantoleba........................................491
kiTxvebi............................................................................497
amocanebi..........................................................................498
Tavi 15. rxevebi..................................................510

15.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................510
15.2. martivi harmoniuli moZraoba.........................510
15.3. Zalis kanoni martivi harmoniuli
moZraobisTvis.......................................................514
15.4. energia martiv harmoniul moZraobaSi.........516
15.5. kuTxuri martivi harmoniuli
oscilatori...........................................................518
15.6. qanqarebi.................................................................519
15.7. martivi harmoniuli moZraoba da
erTgvarovani wriuli moZraoba.......................524
15.8. milevadi martivi harmoniuli moZraoba......525
15.9. iZulebiTi rxevebi da rezonansi.....................527
SekiTxvebi........................................................................529
amocanebi..........................................................................531
Tavi 16. talRebi...............................................544

16.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................544
16.2. talRebis saxeobebi.............................................545
16.3. ganivi da gaswvrivi talRebi.............................545
16.4. talRis sigrZe da sixSire.................................547
16.5. moZravi talRis siCqare.....................................550
16.6. talRis siCqare daWimul Tokze......................553
16.7. Tokis gaswvriv moZravi talRis energia da

simZlavre.................................................................555
16.8. talRis gantoleba..............................................557
16.9. talRebis superpoziciis principi................559
16.10. talRebis interferencia...............................560
16.11. veqtorebi.............................................................563
16.12. mdgari talRebi..................................................564
16.13. mdgari talRebi da rezonansi........................567
SekiTxvebi........................................................................571
amocanebi..........................................................................572
Tavi 17. talRebi............................................... 583

17.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................583
17.2. bgeris talRebi....................................................584
17.3. bgeris siCqare.......................................................584
17.4. moZravi bgeriTi talRebi..................................587
17.5. interferencia......................................................590
17.6. intensivoba da xmamaRlobis done...................592
17.7. musikaluri bgerebis wyaroebi........................596
17.8. ritmebi....................................................................598
17.9. dopleris efeqti.................................................600
17.10. zebgeriTi siCqareebi, dartymiTi
talRebi...................................................................604
SekiTxvebi........................................................................607
amocanebi..........................................................................608
Tavi 18. temperatura, siTbo da

Termodinamikis pirveli kanoni ...............622
18.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................622
18.2. temperatura..........................................................623
18.3. Termodinamikis nulovani kanoni....................623
18.4. temperaturis gazomva.......................................624
18.5. celsiusis da farengeitis Skalebi................626
18.6. Tburi gafarToeba...............................................628
18.7. temperatura da siTbo.......................................631
18.8. myari sxeulebis da siTxeebis mier siTbos
STanTqma...................................................................632
18.9. kidev erTxel siTbosa da muSaobis
Sesaxeb.......................................................................637
18.10. Termodinamikis pirveli kanoni....................639
18.11. Termodinamikis pirveli kanonis

gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebi.............................640
18.12. siTbos gadacemis meqanizmebi........................642
SekiTxvebi........................................................................649
amocanebi..........................................................................650
Tavi 19. airebis kinetikuri Teoria............ 661

19.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................661
19.2. avogadros ricxvi................................................662
19.3. idealuri airebi...................................................662
19.4. wneva, temperatura da saSualo kvadratuli
siCqare......................................................................666
19.5. winsvliTi kinetikuri energia.........................668
19.6. saSualo Tavisufali garbeni...........................669
19.7. molekuluri siCqareebis ganawileba.............671
19.8. idealuri airis moluri kuTri
siTbotevadoba.......................................................674
19.9. Tavisuflebis xarisxis da moluri kuTri
siTbotevadoba.......................................................678
19.10. miniSneba qvantur Teoriaze...........................680
19.11. idealuri airis adiabaturi
gafarToeba.............................................................681
SekiTxvebi........................................................................686
amocanebi..........................................................................687
Tavi 20. entropia da Termodinamikis

meore kanoni........................................696
20.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................696
20.2. Seuqcevadi procesebi da entropia................696
20.3. entropiis cvlileba...........................................697
20.4. Termodinamikis meore kanoni...........................703
20.5. entropia realur samyaroSi: Zravebi............704
20.6. entropia realur samyaroSi: macivrebi........709
20.7. realuri Zravebis margi qmedebis
koeficientebi........................................................711
20.8. entropiis statistikuri ganxilva.................712
SekiTxvebi........................................................................717
amocanebi..........................................................................718
nawili III
Tavi 21. eleqtruli muxti.............................727
21.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................727
21.2. eleqtruli muxti................................................728
21.3. gamtarebi da dieleqtrikebi............................729
21.4. kulonis kanoni.....................................................732
21.5. muxti kvantirdeba...............................................738
21.6. muxti inaxeba.........................................................739
SekiTxvebi........................................................................741
amocanebi..........................................................................743
Tavi 22. eleqtruli velebi......................... 7451

22.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................751
22.2. eleqtruli veli..................................................752
22.3. eleqtruli velis Zalwirebi...........................753
22.4. wertilovani muxtiT gamowveuli
eleqtruli veli...................................................755
22.5. eleqtruli dipoliT gamowveuli
eleqtruli veli...................................................757
22.6. damuxtuli wiriT gamowveuli

eleqtruli veli...................................................759
22.7. damuxtuli diskos Sedegad warmoqmnili
eleqtruli veli...................................................764
22.8. wertilovani muxti eleqtrul velSi...........765
22.9. dipoli eleqtrul velSi..................................767
SekiTxvebi........................................................................771
amocanebi..........................................................................773
Tavi 23. gausis kanoni......................................783

23.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................783
23.2. nakadi.......................................................................784
23.3. nakadi eleqtrul velSi.....................................785
23.4. gausis kanoni.........................................................787
23.5. gausis kanoni da kulonis kanoni.....................789
23.6. damuxtuli izolirebuli gamtari.................791
23.7. gausis kanonis gamoyeneba: cilindruli
simetria...................................................................794
23.8. gausis kanonis gamoyeneba: planaruli

simetria...................................................................795
23.9. gausis kanonis gamoyeneba: sferuli
simetria...................................................................798
SekiTxvebi........................................................................800
amocanebi..........................................................................802
Tavi 24. eleqtruli potenciali................812

24.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................812
24.2. eleqtruli potenciuri energia....................812
24.3. eleqtruli potenciali....................................814
24.4. ekvipotenciuri zedapirebi.............................816
24.5. potencialis gamoTvla velis
saSualebiT..............................................................817
24.6. wertilovani muxtiT gamowveuli
potenciali.............................................................819
24.7. wertilovani muxtebis jgufiT gamowveuli
potenciali.............................................................821
24.8. eleqtruli dipoliT gamowveuli
potenciali.............................................................822
24.9. muxtebis uwyveti ganawilebiT gamowveuli
potenciali.............................................................824
24.10. velis gamoTvla potencialis
saSualebiT..............................................................826
24.11. wertilovani muxtebis sistemis eleqtruli
potenciuri energia.............................................828
24.12. damuxtuli izolirebuli gamtaris
potenciali.............................................................830
SekiTxvebi........................................................................833
amocanebi..........................................................................835
Tavi 25. tevadoba...............................................848

25.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................848
25.2. tevadoba.................................................................849
25.3. tevadobis gamoTvla...........................................851
25.4. mimdevrobiTi da paraleluri
kondensatorebi.....................................................855
25.5. eleqtrul velSi Senaxuli energia................860
25.6. kondensatori dieleqtrikTan erTad...........863
25.7. dieleqtrikebi: atomisturi Sexeduleba.....865
25.8. dieleqtrikebi da gausis kanoni.....................866
SekiTxvebi........................................................................870
amocanebi..........................................................................871
Tavi 26. deni da winaRoba................................881

26.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................881
26.2. eleqtruli deni...................................................882
26.3. denis simkvrive.....................................................884
26.4. winaRoba da kuTri winaRoba.............................887
26.5. omis kanoni.............................................................891
26.6. omis kanonis mikroskopuli ganxilva............893
26.7. simZlavre eleqtrul wredebSi.......................895
26.8. naxevargamtarebi.................................................896
26.9. supergamtarebi....................................................898
SekiTxvebi........................................................................900
amocanebi..........................................................................901
Tavi 27. wredebi..................................................909

27.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................909
27.2. àmotumbuli~ muxtebi.......................................909
27.3. muSaoba, energia da emZ.......................................910
27.4. denis gamoTvla erTkonturian wredSi.........912
27.5. sxva erTkonturiani wredebi............................914
27.6. or wertils Soris potencialTa sxvaoba.....915
27.7. mravalkonturiani wredebi..............................919
27.8. ampermetri da voltmetri................................925
27.9. RC wredebi.............................................................926
SekiTxvebi........................................................................931
amocanebi..........................................................................933
Tavi 28. magnituri velebi..............................946

28.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................946
28.2. ra warmoqmnis magnitur vels?.........................947
28.3. -s gansazRvreba.................................................947
28.4. mkveTi velebi: eleqtronis aRmoCena.............951
28.5. mkveTi velebi: holis efeqti............................953
28.6. wriulad moZravi damuxtuli nawilaki.........956
28.7. ciklotroni da sinqrotroni..........................960
28.8. denis gamtar mavTulze moqmedi magnituri
Zala...........................................................................962
28.9. brunvis momenti denis konturze...................965
28.10. magnituri dipolis impulsi...........................967
SekiTxvebi........................................................................970
amocanebi..........................................................................971
Tavi 29. deniT gamowveuli magnituri

veli.................................................................982
29.1. ra aris fizika?.....................................................982
29.2. deniT gamowveuli magnituri velis
gamoTvla.................................................................983
29.3. or paralelur dens Soris moqmedi Zala......989
29.4. amperis kanoni.......................................................991
29.5. solenoidebi da toroidebi.............................995
29.6. denis gamtari koWa, rogorc magnituri
dipoli......................................................................998
mimoxilva da Sejameba................................................1000
SekiTxvebi......................................................................1001
amocanebi........................................................................1003
Tavi 30. induqcia da induqciuroba.........1015

30.1 .ra aris fizika?...................................................1015
30.2. ori eqsperimenti................................................1016
30.3. faradeis induqciis kanoni.............................1016
30.4. lencis kanoni......................................................1019
30.5. induqcia da energiis gadacema......................1023
30.6. inducirebuli eleqtruli velebi...............1027
30.7. induqtorebi da induqciuroba.....................1031
30.8. TviTinduqciuroba...........................................1033
30.9. RL wredebi..............................................................1034
30.10. magnitur velSi Senaxuli energia...............1038
30.11. magnituri velis energiis simkvrive..........1039
30.12. urTierTinduqcia...........................................1041
SekiTxvebi......................................................................1045
amocanebi........................................................................1047
Tavi 31. eleqtromagnituri rxevebi da

cvladi deni...............................................1060
Tavi 32. maqsvelis gantolebebi: materiis

magnetizmi.........................................................1093
31.1. ra aris fizika?...................................................1060

31.2. L
L C rxevebi xarisxobrivad...............................1060
31.3. eleqtrul-meqanikuri analogia...................1064
31.4. L
L C rxevebi raodenobrivad..............................1064
31.5. milevadi rxevebi RLC wredSi.........................1067
31.6. cvladi deni.........................................................1069
31.7. iZulebiTi rxevebi.............................................1070
31.8. sami martivi wredi.............................................1070
31.9. mimdevrobiTi RLC wredi....................................1077
31.10. simZlavre cvladi denis wredebSi..............1081
31.11. transformatorebi.........................................1084
SekiTxvebi......................................................................1089
amocanebi........................................................................1090
32.1. ra aris fizika?...................................................1093

32.2. gausis kanoni magnituri velebisaTvis.......1094
32.3. aRZruli magnituri velebi............................1096
32.4. gadanacvlebis deni ..........................................1099
32.5. maqsvelis gantolebebi....................................1101
32.6. magnitebi..............................................................1102
32.7. magnetizmi da eleqtronebi............................1103
32.8. magnituri masalebi...........................................1108
32.9. diamagnetizmi.....................................................1108
32.10. paramagnetizmi.................................................1110
32.11. feromagnetizmi................................................1112
kiTxvebi..........................................................................1119
amocanebi........................................................................1121
nawili IV
Tavi 33. eleqtromagnituri talRebi......1138
33.1. ra aris fizika?...................................................1138
33.2. maqsvelis cisartyela......................................1138
33.3. moZravi eleqtromagnituri talRa..............1140
33.4. moZravi eleqtromagnituri talRa..............1143
33.5. energiis gadatana da pointingis
veqtori..................................................................1146
33.6. gamosxivebis wneva .............................................1149
33.7. polarizacia........................................................1152
33.8. arekvla da gardatexa.......................................1156
33.9. sruli Sida arekvla..........................................1162
33.10. polarizacia arekvliT..................................1164
SekiTxvebi......................................................................1166
amocanebi........................................................................1168
Tavi 34. gamosaxulebebi...............................1183

34.1. ra aris fizika?...................................................1183
34.2. gamosaxulebis ori tipi...................................1185
34.3. brtyeli sarkeebi...............................................1187
34.4. sferuli sarkeebi..............................................1189
34.5. gamosaxuleba sferul sarkeSi.......................1193
34.6. sferuli gardamtexi zedapirebi..................1188
34.7. Txeli linzebi....................................................1196
34.8. optikuri xelsawyoebi......................................1202
34.9. sami mtkicebuleba.............................................1206
SekiTxvebi......................................................................1209
amocanebi........................................................................1211
Tavi 35. interferencia.................................1225

35.1. ra aris fizika?...................................................1225
35.2. sinaTle, rogorc talRa.................................1226
35.3. difraqcia............................................................1231
35.4. iangis interferenciis eqsperimenti...........1231
35.5. Tanmimdevruloba..............................................1236
35.6. daZabuloba ori xvreliT
interferenciaSi.................................................1237
35.7. interferencia Txeli fenebidan..................1241
35.8. mixelsonis interferometri.........................1249

SekiTxvebi......................................................................1251
amocanebi........................................................................1253
Tavi 36. difraqcia..........................................1267

36.1. ra aris fizika?...................................................1267
36.2. difraqcia da sinaTlis talRuri buneba...1268
36.3. erTi xvreliT difraqcia: minimumis
mdebareobis dadgena..........................................1269
36.4. xarisxobrivi intensivoba erTi xvreliT
difraqciaSi..........................................................1273
36.5. raodenobrivi intensivoba erTi xvreliT
difraqciaSi..........................................................1274
36.6. wriuli xvreliT difraqcia...........................1277
36.7. ori xvreliT difraqcia..................................1280
36.8. difraqciuli meseri.........................................1283
36.9. mesrebi: dispersia da
gadawyvetunarianoba.........................................1288
36.10. rentgenis sxivebis difraqcia.....................1290
kiTxvebi..........................................................................1294
amocanebi........................................................................1295
Tavi 37. fardobiTobis Teoria..................1308

37.1. ra aris fizika?...................................................1308
37.2. postulatebi ......................................................1309
37.3. movlenis gazomva...............................................1310
37.4. erTdroulobis fardobiToba.......................1312
37.5. drois fardobiToba.........................................1313
37.6. sigrZis farTobiToba......................................1319
37.7. lorencis gardaqmna.........................................1322
37.8. lorencis formulebis zogierTi Sedegi..1324
37.9. siCqareebis fardobiToba...............................1326
37.10. dopleris efeqti sinaTlisTvis.................1327
37.11. axali Sexeduleba impulsze.........................1331
37.12. axali Sexeduleba energiaze........................1332
SekiTxvebi......................................................................1339
amocanebi........................................................................1340
erTeulTa sistema
1885 wlis ivnisSi GrdiloeT naxevarsferos caze adreuli RamiT Txeli,
molurjo-movercxlisfro Rrublebi gamoGnda. momdevno aTwleulebSi
aseTi Rrublebi kidev ramdenjerme SeamGnies. ukanasknel wlebSi maT
gacilebiT ufro xSirad vxedavT, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom dedamiwis
atmosferoSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi xdeba.
rogor anaTebs mze am Rrublebs daisis Semdeg?

pasuxs am TavSi SeityobT
1.1
ra aris fizika?
mecniereba sxvadasxva sidideebis gazomvasa da Sedarebas efuZneba. amisTvis garkveuli

wesebi gvWirdeba. aseve gvWirdeba eqsperimentebi, romlebiTac am sidideebis erTeulebs davadgenT. fizikis erT-erTi amocana swored am eqsperimentebis dagegmva da ganxorcielebaa.
magaliTad, fizikosebi cdiloben zezusti saaTis Seqmnas, raTa nebismieri dro an drois
Sualedi zustad iqnas dadgenili. ai, erT-erTi magaliTi imisa, Tu risTvisaa saWiro zusti
saaTebi: maT gareSe ver imuSavebda mdebareobis dadgenis msoflio sistema GPS, romelsac
udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs msoflio navigaciisTvis.
1.2
sidideebis gazomva
fizikis gacnoba imis SeswavliT iwyeba, Tu rogor izomeba sxvadasxva sidideebi, maga
liTad: sigrZe, dro, masa, temperatura, wneva da denis Zala.
TiToeul fizikur sidides Tavisi zomis erTeuli aqvs, romelsac etalonTan vadarebT.
zomis erTeuli sididis raodenobrivad gamoxatvis saSualebaa. magaliTad, sigrZis erTeulia metri (m). etaloni sididis zustad erT erTeuls Seesabameba. SemdgomSi vnaxavT,
rom sigrZis erTeulis etaloni, romlis sigrZe zustad erTi metris tolia, aris manZili,
10
erTeulTa sistema
Tavi 1
romelsac sinaTle gaivlis vakuumSi drois garkveul monakveTSi. zomis erTeuli da misi eta
loni CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi nebismieri gziT SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT. Tumca, es ise unda
gavakeToT, rom am erTeulis mizanSewonilebasa da moxerxebulobas msoflios yvela mecnie
ri daeTanxmos.
mas Semdeg, rac etaloni, magaliTad, sigrZis etaloni ganvsazRvreT, unda SevimuSavoT
procedura, romliTac SesaZlebeli iqneba etalonis saSualebiT nebismieri sigrZis gamoxatva, wyalbadis atomis diametri iqneba es, skeitbordis RerZis sigrZe Tu manZili romelime
varskvlavamde. sigrZis gazomvis erT-erT aseT proceduras uzrunvelyofs saxazavi, romelic sizustiT sigrZis etalons uaxlovdeba. Tumca Cveni gazomvebis didi nawili advili
Sesasrulebeli ar iqneba. SeuZlebelia, magaliTad, atomis radiusisa da or varskvlavs Soris manZilis saxazaviT gazomva.
fizikuri sidideebis didi raodenobis gamo maTi organizeba sakmaod rTulia. sabednierod, yvela maTgani ar aris damoukidebeli. magaliTad, siCqare manZilisa da drois fardobaa. amitom, saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT, virCevT mxolod mcire raodenobis fizikur sidideebs, magaliTad, manZilsa da dros, da ganvsazRvravT etalonebs am sidideebisTvis.
Semdeg am sabaziso sidideebisa da maTi etalonebis (e.w. sabaziso etalonebis) safuZvelze
ganvsazRvravT sxva fizikur sidideebsac.
sabaziso etalonebi unda iyos xelmisawvdomi da ucvleli. Tu manZilis etalons gansazRvravT, rogorc manZils adamianis cxvirsa da saCvenebeli TiTis wvers Soris, es etaloni
namdvilad xelmisawvdomi, Tumca sxvadasxva adamianisTvis sxvadasxvanairi iqneba. mecnie
reba maqsimalur sizustes moiTxovs, magram gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda davuTmoT ucvlelobasac. amis Semdeg unda Seiqmnas sabaziso etalonis aslebi, romlebic yvela msurveli
saTvis xelmisawvdomi iqneba.
1.3 erTeulebis saerTaSoriso sistema

1971 wels zoma-wonis me-14 saerTaSoriso konferenciaze dadginda Svidi sabaziso sidide, romlebic erTeulTa saerTaSoriso sistemis (SemoklebiT SI) safuZvels Seadgens. 1.1
cxrilSi naCvenebia sami ZiriTadi sididis sigrZis, masisa da drois erTeulebi, romlebsac
wignis pirvel TavebSi gamoviyenebT.
SI sistemis bevri Sedgenili erTeuli am sabaziso erTeulebiT ganisazRvreba. magaliTad, simZlavris erTeuli vati (vt) ganisazRvreba masis, sigrZis da drois erTeulebiT, rasac me-7 TavSi gavecnobiT.
1 vati = 1vt = 1kgm2/w3
cxrili
1.1
SI sistemis ZiriTadi sidideebis erTeulebi

sidide
(1.1)
simboloebis es jgufi ase ikiTxeba:

kilogram metr kvadrati wam kubze.
Zalian didi da Zalian mcire sidi
erTeulis
erTeulis
saxeli
simbolo
manZili
metri
vis meTods, romelic 10-is xarisxebs
dro
wami
wm
efuZneba. am meTodis mixedviT,
masa
kilogrami
kg
deebis gamosaxatavad viyenebT ricxvebis eqsponencialuri
3560000000 m = 3,56109 m
gamoxat-
(1.2)
xolo
0,000000492 m = 4,9210-7 m
(1.3)
11
1.4 erTeulTa Secvla

am meTods kompiuterebSi zogjer sxvagvari
saxe aqvs, magaliTad 3,56E9 da 4,92E7, sadac E
àTis xarisxs~ niSnavs. zog kalkulatorze E-c ki
cxrili
SI sistemis erTeulebis prefiqsebi
gamotovebulia.
Zalian did da Zalian patara ricxvebze muSao-
xarisxi
prefiqsia
simbolo
10
24
iota-
YY
1021
zeta-
10
eqsa-
bis kidev ufro gasamartiveblad gamoiyeneba prefiqsebi, romlebic 1-2 cxrilSia mocemuli. ro-
18
gorc xedavT, TiToeuli prefiqsi 10-is romelime

xarisxs warmoadgens. SI sistemis erTeulisTvis
prefiqsis mierTeba am erTeulis Sesabamis sidideze gamravlebas gulisxmobs. magaliTad, denis
simZlavris konkretuli sidide SegviZlia ase warmovadginoT:
1,27109 vati = 1,27 gigavati = 1,27 gvt
(1.4)
xolo drois konkretuli monakveTi ase:
2,3510-9 wami = 2,35 nanowami = 2,35 nwm
(1.5)
zogierT prefiqss albaT ukve kargad icnobT
10
15
peta-
1012
tera-
109
giga-
G (g)
106
mega-
M (mg)
103
kilo-
k (k)
102
heqto-
10
deka-
da
101
deci-
d (p)
102
santi-
c (s)
103
mili-
m (m)
106
mikro-
(mk)
10
nano-
n (n)
1012
piko-
p (p)
10
15
iseTi erTeulebis saSualebiT, rogorebicaa mi-
1018
limetri, santimetri, kilogrami da megabaiti.

a
1.4
1.2
femto-
ato-
1021
zepto-
1024
ioqto-
muqi SriftiT mocemulia yvelaze

xSirad gamoyenebuli prefiqsebi da
maTi simboloebi qarTulad
erTeulTa Secvla
xSirad gvWirdeba im erTeulis Secvla, romliTac gamoxatulia esa Tu is konkretuli

fizikuri sidide. amas jaWvuri gadayvanis meTodiT vakeTebT. am meTodis mixedviT, sawyis
sidides vamravlebT gadayvanis koeficientze, anu sidideTa fardobaze, romelic erTis
tolia. magaliTad, 1 wT da 60 wm drois erTi da igive monakveTebia, amitom
1 wT = 1
60 wm
da
60 wm = 1.
1 wT
amgvarad, wiladebi 1wT/60wm da 60wm/1wT SeiZleba gadayvanis koeficientebad gamoviyenoT. es tolobebi araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda davweroT ase: 1/60 = 1 an 60 = 1. yvela ricxvs
Sesabamis erTeuli unda eweros.
imis gamo, rom nebismieri sididis erTze gamravleba Sedegs ar cvlis, gadayvanis koeficientebis gamoyeneba SegviZlia nebismier, CvenTvis saWiro dros. jaWvuri gadayvanis dros
koeficientebi arasasurveli erTeulebis gamosaricxad gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, 2 wuTis
wamebSi gadayvanisTvis:
2 wT = (2 wT) (1) = (2 wT)
60 wm
1 wT
= 120 wm
(1.6)
Tu gadayvanis koeficientis Semotanis Sedegad arasasurveli erTeuli ar gabaTilda, maSin koeficienti unda SecvaloT da xelaxla scadoT. gadayvanis dros erTeulebi imave algebrul kanonebs emorCileba, rasac cvladebi da ricxvebi.
12
Tavi 1
erTeulTa sistema
danarTSi mocemulia gadayvanis koeficientebi SI sistemasa da erTeulTa sxva sistemebs,

maT Soris, aSS-Si moqmed erTeulTa sistemas Soris. Tumca es koeficientebi mocemulia ara
wiladis, aramed tolobis saxiT, magaliTad, `1 wT = 60 wm~. qvemoT moyvanili amocana aseTi
wiladis miRebis magaliTia.
amocanis amoxsnis nimuSi
1.1
Zv.w. 490 wels, saberZneTis sparseTze
amoxsna: jaWvuri gadayvanis meTodis mi
gamarjvebis Sesatyobineblad, fidipide ma
xedviT, gamoviyenoT iseTi gadayvanis koe
raTonidan aTenamde sirbiliT mivida. misi
ficientebi, rom arasasurveli erTeulebi
siCqare saaTSi daaxloebiT 23 raidi iyo. ra
gabaTildes:
idi manZilis ZvelberZnuli erTeulia, iseve, rogorc stadiumi da pleTroni. 1 raidSi
23 raidi/sT =
4 stadiumia, xolo 1 stadiumSi _ 6 pleTroni. Tanamedrove erTeulebSi 1 pleTroni

30,8 m-is tolia. gamoTvale fidipides siC-
23 raidi
h
4 stadiumi
1 raidi
30,8 m
1 pleTroni
6 pleTroni
1 stadiumi
1 km
1000 m
1h
3600 w
= 4,7227 103 km/wm 4,7 103 km/wm
qare km/wm-ebSi.
(pasuxi)
1.2
krani axlad daWerili qaSayis asawyavi
amoxsna: D danarTidan viciT, rom 1 litri =
Zveli britanuli erTeulia. 1 krani 170,464
1000 sm3. imisTvis, rom kuburi santimetrebi
litr Tevzs anu daaxloebiT 750 qaSays ud
kubur kovidoebSi gadaviyvanoT, santime-
rida. davuSvaT, britanelTa gemi, romlis
trebisa da kovidoebis fardoba kubSi unda
gembanzec 1255 krani Tevzia, saudis ara-
aviyvanoT. amgvarad, miviRebT:
beTis sabaJoze dgas, sadac Tavisi nadavli kubur kovidoebSi unda warmoadginos.
kovido sigrZis arabuli erTeulia, 1 kovido=48,26sm. ra unda daweron britanelebma
sabaJo deklaraciaSi?
1255 krani
= (1255 krani) 170.474 l
1 krani
1000 sm3
1l
1 kovido
48.26 sm
= 1.903 103 kovido 3.

(pasuxi)
amocanis amoxsnis taqtika

taqtika
1:
mniSvnelovani cifrebi da aTwiladebi
Tu 1.1 amocanaSi pasuxi damrgvalebis ga-
mxolod minimaluri raodenobaa mocemuli
reSe gamoiTvale, maSin Sens kalkulatorze
(Tumca zogjer SenarCunebulia erTi damate-
gamoCndeboda ricxvi 4,7226666666710-3. ric
biTi mniSvnelovani cifri). roca ukiduresi
xvis aseTi sizuste gamousadegaria, amitom
marcxena mosacilebeli cifri 5-is tolia an
pasuxi 4,710
km/wm-mde davamrgvaleT. ase
5-ze metia, ukanaskneli SenarCunebuli cifri
rom, siCqare 23 raidi/wm SI sistemaSi gaday-
erTiT izrdeba, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ki
vanisas ori niSniT gamoixateba, romlebsac
ucvleli rCeba. magaliTad, 11,3516 damrgval-
mniSvnelovani cifrebi ewodeba. ase rom,
deba, rogorc 11,4, xolo 11,3279 rogorc
Cveni pasuxi or mniSvnelovan ciframde davamrgvaleT. am wignSi gamoTvlebis Sedegi xSirad
11,3 (amocanebis pasuxebSi tolobis niSnad

viyenebT = da ara simbolos, maSinac ki,
damrgvalebulia da mniSvnelovani cifrebis
roca pasuxi damrgvalebulia).
-3
1.5 sigrZe
rodesac amocanaSi mocemulia ricxvi
sxvagan ar gaakeToT.
3,15 an 3,1510 , mniSvnelovani cifrebis ra-
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda agverios
odenoba aSkaraa, magram rogoria es raode-
mniSvnelovani cifrebi da aTwiladebi.
noba ricxvSi 3000? aris Tu ara es raodenoba
ganvixiloT sidideebi 35,6 mm; 3,56 mm da
erTis toli (3103)? an iqneb aq oTxi mniS-
0,00356 mm. samive ricxvSi mniSvnelovani ci-
vnelovani cifria (3,00010 )? am wignSi da-
frebis raodenoba samis tolia, magram mZi-
vuSviT, rom aseT ricxvebSi yvela nuli mniS-
mis Semdeg arsebuli niSnebis raodenoba, Se-
vnelovania, Tumca girCevT, aseTi daSveba
sabamisad, erTs, ors da xuTs udris.
1.5 sigrZe
1792 wels safrangeTis axlad gamocxadebul respublikaSi SemoiRes erTeulTa axali
sistema. am sistemis qvakuTxedi iyo metri, romelic ganisazRvra, rogorc CrdiloeT polusidan ekvatoramde manZilis erTi meaTedmemilionedi. mogvianebiT, praqtikuli mosazrebebis
gamo, es etaloni Seicvala da metri ganisazRvra, rogorc manZili or xazs Soris, romlebic
amoWrilia platinsa da iridi-
cxrili
1.3
umis Senadnobisgan damzadebul zogierTi miaxloebiTi manZili

Zelakze. es metris etaloni
safrangeTSi, zoma-wonis saerTaSoriso biuroSi inaxeba. misi
sidide
sigrZe metrebSi
manZili pirvel galaqtikebamde
21026
manZili andromedas galaqtikamde
21022
manZili uaxloes varskvlav

proqsima centavramde
41016
manZili plutonamde
61012
ufro xelmisawvdomi etalone-
dedamiwis radiusi
6106
bi, ase rom, yvela Tanamedrove
mwverval everestis simaRle
9103
sazomi
am gverdis sisqe
110-4
tipuri virusis sigrZe
110-8
wyalbadis atomis radiusi
510-11
protonis radiusi
110-15
zusti aslebi mTeli msoflios

standartizaciis
riebSi
anu
laborato-
daagzavnes.am
meoradi
aslebis
etalonebis
safuZvelze Seqmnes sxva, kidev
xelsawyo
grZeli
da
rTuli jaWviT metris etalons

ukavSirdeba.
mecnierebisa da teqnikis
ganviTareba
TandaTan
ufro
zust etalons iTxovda. 1960

wels metrisTvis SemuSavda axali, sinaTlis talRis sigrZeze dafuZnebuli etaloni. am etalonis mixedviT, metri gazganmuxtvis kameraSi kripton-86-is izotopis mier gamosxivebuli
narinjisfer-wiTeli talRis sirZeze zustad 1650763,73-jer metia. es rTuli ricxvi ise iqna
arCeuli, rom axali etaloni ZvelTan maqsimalurad axlos yofiliyo.
1983 wels sizusteze moTxovnam iseT dones miaRwia, rom mas kripton-86-is etalonic veRar akmayofilebda. amitom imave wels mecnierebma Zalian Tamami nabiji gadadges. metri ganisazRvra, rogorc sinaTlis mier ganvlili manZili drois konkretul monakveTSi. zomisa da
wonis me-17 saerTaSoriso konferenciaze damtkicda:
`metri aris 1/299792458 wamSi sinaTlis mier
vakuumSi ganvlili manZili.~
13
14
Tavi 1
erTeulTa sistema
drois es monakveTi ise iqna arCeuli, rom sinaTlis siCqared miCneuli iyo:
C = 299 792 458 m/wm.

sinaTlis siCqaris gazomva sakmaod didi sizustiTaa SesaZlebeli, amitom sinaTlis siCqaris gansazRvrul sidided miCneva da misi gamoyeneba metris gansazRvrisTvis sakmaod
gonivruli gadawyvetileba iyo.
1.3 cxrilSi mocemulia sxvadasxva manZili da sigrZei, samyaros saplanetaTaSoriso sivrciT dawyebuli da umciresi sagnebiT damTavrebuli.

taqtika
2 : sididis TAanrigi
sididis Tanrigi aris aTis xarisxi, ro
gis mixedviT. Cvens SemTxvevaSi A sididis
desac ricxvi mocemulia eqsponencialu
uaxloesi Tanrigia 4, xolo B-si 5. aseTi
ri gamoxatvis meTodiT. magaliTad, Tu
Sefaseba miRebulia, rodesac gamoTvlebis
A=2,3104 da B=7,8104, maSin A da B meoTxe
dros zusti monacemebi cnobili ar aris an
Tanrigis ricxvebia.
Znelad sapovnelia. magaliTi mocemulia amo
inJinrebi da mecnierebi gamoTvlebis
canis amoxsnis 1.3 nimuSSi.
Sedegebs xSirad afaseben uaxloesi Tanri-

msoflios udidesi Zafis burTis radiu-
1.3
vebs, iqneba:
si 2 m-ia. risi tolia burTSi Zafis mTliani
V = (ganivkveTis farTobi) (sigrZe)=d 2 L
sigrZe sididis uaxloesi Tanrigis TvalsazrisiT?

amoxsna: ra Tqma unda, SegviZlia bur-
es sidide daaxloebiT burTis moculobis tolia, romelic 4/3R3 formuliT
Ti davSaloT da ise gavigoT Zafis sigrZe,
gamoiTvleba, Tumca, vinaidan daaxloebiT
magram es did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs da Tan
sams udris, es gamosaxuleba SegviZlia ga-
burTis Semqmnelsac gavanawyenebT. vinaidan
vamartivoT da davweroT 4R3. ase rom, mivi-
mxolod uaxloesi Tanrigi gvWirdeba, ami-
RebT:
d2L = 4R3
tom nebismieri saWiro sididis daaxloebiT

gamoTvla SegviZlia.
davuSvaT, burTi sferuli formisaa da
misi radiusi R=2m. burTSi moTavsebuli
Zafi ar aris mWidrod Sekruli (e.i. Zafebs
an
L=
4(2 m)3
4 R3
=
d2
(4 103 m)2
= 2 106 m 106 m = 103 km.
(pasuxi)
Soris gvaqvs uricxvi RriWo). es RriWoebi

rom gaviTvaliswinoT, davuSvaT, rom Zafis
(rogorc xedavT, aseTi martivi gamoTv-
ganivkveTi kvadratia da misi gverdis sigrZe
lisTvis kalkulatori ar gvWirdeba). uax-
d=4mm ganivkveTis d 2 farTobiT da L sigrZ-
loesi Tanrigis mixedviT, burTi daaxloe-
iT, mTliani moculoba, romelsac Zafi ika-
biT 1000 km sigrZis Zafs Seicavs!
1.6
dro
dros ori aspeqti aqvs. samoqalaqo da, zogjer, mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT, drois codna
imisTvis gvWirdeba, rom movlenebi garkveuli TanmimdevrobiT davalagoT. seriozuli sa-
1.6 dro
mecniero muSaobisas gvainteresebs, ramden xans grZeldeba konkretuli movlena. maSasadame,
drois nebismieri etaloni or SekiTxvas unda pasuxobdes: `rodis moxda?~ da `ra drois manZilze?~. 1.4 cxrilSi drois zogierTi monakveTia mocemuli.
cxrili
1.4
drois zogierTi miaxloebiTi monakveTi

drois Sualedi
sidide
wamebSi
protonis sicocxlis xangrZlivoba (savaraudo)
11039
samyaros asaki
51017
xeofsis piramidis asaki
11011
adamianis sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivoba
2109
dRis xangrZlivoba
9104
dro adamianis or guliscemas Soris
810-1
miu-mezonis sicocxlis xangrZlivoba
210-6
sinaTlis umoklesi impulsi
110-16
yvelaze aramyari nawilakis sicocxlis xangrZlivoba
110-23
plankis droa
110-43
es aris dro didi afeTqebis Semdeg, romlidan moyolebuli SesaZlebelia

fizikis CvenTvis cnobili kanonebis gamoyeneba.
nebismieri ganmeorebadi movlena SeiZleba miCneul

iqnas drois etalonad. magaliTad, saukuneebis manZilze
dRis xangrZlivobis ganmsazRvrelad dedamiwis brunvis
princips iyenebdnen. 1.1 suraTze naCvenebia dedamiwis
brunvis principze Seqmnili kvarcis saaTi. kvarcis saa
Ti, romelSic kvarcis rgoli mudmivad irxeva, dedamiwis
brunvis mixedviTaa dagraduirebuli. aseTi saaTebi la
boratoriebSi gamoiyeneba drois gasazomad. Tumca, maTi
sizuste ar aris iseTi, rogorsac Tanamedrove samecnie
ro da sainJinro teqnologiebi moiTxovs.
drois ukeTesi etalonis dadgenisTvis Seiqmna ato
muri saaTi. is moTavsebulia amerikis kolorados Statis
qalaq bulderis etalonebisa da teqnologiebis nacionalur institutSi (NIST) da miCneulia universaluri
globaluri drois (UTC) etalonad aSS-Si. misi droiTi
signalebi ismis mokletalRovan radiosadgurebSi (WWV
da WWVH) da telefonSi (303-499-7111). drois signalebi
(da drosTan dakavSirebuli sxva informacia) mocemulia,
agreTve, aSS-is sazRvao observatoriis veb-saitze http://
tycho.usno.navy.mil/time.html (saaTis zustad gasasworeblad

unda gaiTvaliswino dro, romelic am signalebis Cvenamde
mosaRwevad aris saWiro).
1.2 suraTze naCvenebia 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi dedamiwaze
sur. 1.1 rodesac 1792 wels metruli sistema SemoiRes, saaTi Tavidan
gansazRvres, ise, rom dReSi 10 saaTi yofiliyo. es idea xalxma Znelad
aRiqva, amitom am saaTis Semqmneli
Wkvianurad moiqca da patara ciferblatic daamata, romelic, Cveulebriv, 12-saaTian dros aCvenebda.
aCvenebs Tu ara es ori ciferblati
erTsa da imave dros?
15
erTeulTa sistema
Tavi 1
dRis xangrZlivobis cvalebadoba ceziumis atomuri saaTis mixedviT. aq naCvenebi cvalebadoba sezonuri da ganmeorebadia. mas mTvaris zemoqmedeba da Zlieri qarebi iwvevs.
1967 wels zoma-wonis me-13 konferenciaze ceziumis saaTze dayrdnobiT damtkicda wamis
etaloni:
èrTi wami aris dro, romelic sWirdeba cezium-133-is atomis mier gamosxivebuli
sinaTlis talRas 9 192 631 770 rxevis Sesasruleblad.~
atomuri saaTebi Zalian stabiluria. ori aseTi saaTis maCvenebels Soris sxvaoba 1 wamze
meti rom gaxdes, amisaTvis daaxloebiT 6000 welia saWiro. Tumca es sizustec ki uferuldeba
Tanamedrove saaTebis sizustesTan SedarebiT 1 wm cdomileba 11018 wm-Si (anu daaxloebiT
31010 weliwadSi).
sur. 1.2 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi dRis

xangrZlivobis cvlileba. aRsaniSnavia, rom vertikaluri RerZis sigrZe
mxolod 3 mwm-ia (0,003 wm).
gansxvaveba dRis 24-saaTian da

realur xangrZlivobebs Soris (mwm)
16
1.4
am Tavis dasawyisSi fotoze gamosaxu-
a.S. meTani atmosferoSi did simaRleze adis
li Rrublebi pirvelad 1883 wels kunZul
da qimiur cvlilebas ganicdis, rac mezosf-
krakatauze
samxreT-aR-
eruli Rrublebis formirebisTvis saWiro
mosavleTiT, iavasTan axlos) vulkanis amo-
wylis molekulebisa da yinulis nawilakebis
frqvevis Semdeg gamoCnda. amofrqveva imde-
raodenobis zrdas iwvevs.
(wynari
okeanis
nad Zlieri iyo, rom ferfli mezosferos
mezosferuli Rrublebi mzis Casvlis
(atmosferos civi fena stratosferos ze-
Semdeg moCans, vinaidan atmosferos mziT
viT) miswvda. iq dagrovili wyali ferflTan
ganaTebul zeda fenebSia. dRisiT maT ver
erTad gaiyina da gaCnda nawilakebi, romleb-
vxedavT, radgan atmosferos qveda fene-
mac pirveli aseTi Rrublebi Seqmna. mas Sem-
bi ufro mkveTradaa ganaTebuli da maTi
deg Rrublebi xSirad Cndeba ara vulkanebis

amofrqvevis, aramed atmosferoSi meTanis
raodenobis zrdis gamo, rac, Tavis mxriv,
gamowveulia
mrewvelobis
da B wertilebSi dacemuli
mzis ukanaskneli sxivebi
Rrublebi
ganviTarebiT,
nagavsayrelebiT, gamonabolqvi gazebiT da
sur. 1.3. mzis ukanaskneli sxivi A wertils ecema. mas Semdeg, rac mze kuTxiT mobrundeba, sxivi damkvirveblidan
H simaRleze myof Rrubels ecema. meti sicxadisaTvis suraTze H simaRle H da kuTxe gadidebulia.
dedamiwis
centri
17
1.7 masa
garCeva SeuZlebelia. Tu Rrublebi mzis CasgauCinarda, ra simaRlezea isini dedamiwis
kuTxe aris, agreTve, kuTxe dedamiwis

A da B wertilebSi dedamiwis r radiusebs
zedapiridan?
Soris. suraTze mocemulia marTkuTxa sam-
vlidan 38 wuTSi gamoCnda da Semdeg swrafad
kuTxedi, romlis kaTetia r, xolo hipot-
amoxsna: 1.3 suraTze naCvenebia damkvir

vebeli, romelic dedamiwis zedapiris A
enuza r+H. trigonometriidan viciT, rom

kuTxis kosinusi
cos =
wertilSi imyofeba da mezosferuli Rrublebidan H manZiliT aris daSorebuli. mzis

ukanaskneli sxivebi A wertilSi ecema. mzis
r
r+H
(1-7)
C danarTSi vxedavT, rom dedamiwis ra-
Casvlidan 38 wuTis Semdeg sxivebi, romlebic
diusi r = 6,37106 m. CavsvaT radiusisa da
mezosferul Rrublebs anaTebs, dedamiwis
kuTxis es mniSvnelobebi 1.7 formulaSi. mi-
zedapirs B wertilSi ecema.
viRebT
cos 9,5 =
1.3 suraTze mzis sxivebis am or traeqtorias Soris kuTxea . es is kuTxea, romliTac mze dedamiwis mimarT gadaadgilda 38
6.37 10 6 m
(6.37 10 6 m) + H
saidanac
wuTis ganmavlobaSi. sruli dRis manZilze
H = 8,86104 m 89 km
(pasuxi)
(daaxloebiT 24sT), mze dedamiwis mimarT

gadaadgildeba 360-iT, maSasadame t=38 wuT
Rrublebis gamoCenis gaxSireba imaze

metyvelebs, rom ukanaskneli aTwleulebis
Si mze gadaadgildeba kuTxiT
manZilze dedamiwis zedapirze meTanis ra-
= (38 wT)
1.7
1 sT
360
60 wT
24 sT
= 9,5.
odenobis zrdam mezosferozec ki moaxdina

gavlena.
masa
kilogramis etaloni
1.5
cxrili
SI sistemis masis etaloni platina-
zogierTi miaxloebiTi masebi
iridiumis cilindri (sur. 1.4) inaxeba

sxeuli
masa
kilogramebSi
CvenTvis cnobili samyaro
11053
Cveni galaqtika
21041
mze
21030
mTvare
71022
asteroidi erosi
51015
patara mTa
11012
saokeano laineri
7107
spilo
5103
yurZeni
310-3
mtvris nawilaki
710-10
penicilinis molekula
510-17
uranis atomi
410-25
protoni
210-27
eleqtroni
910-31
parizis zoma-wonis saerTaSoriso biuroSi da sayovelTao SeTanxmebiT aRiarebulia 1 kilogrami masis etalonad.
masis etalonis zusti aslebi dagzavnilia sxvadasxva qveynebis standartizaciis
laboratoriebSi.
nebismieri
sxeulis
masa am etalonTan SedarebiT ganisazRvreba. 1.5 cxrilSi mocemulia zogierTi

sxeulis masa kilogramebSi.
kilogramis etalonis amerikuli as
li inaxeba NIST-is sacavSi. weliwadSi
erTxel mas sxva aslebis Sesamowmeblad
iyeneben. 1889 wlis Semdeg etaloni orjer waiRes safrangeTSi pirvelad etalonTan Sesadareblad.
18
erTeulTa sistema
Tavi 1
sur. 1.4. 1 kg masis saerTaSoriso etaloni 3,9 sm simaRlisa da diametris

platina-iridiumis cilindri.
masis meore etaloni

atomebis masebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba ufro zustad SeiZleba, vidre kilogramis etalonTan. amis gamo arsebobs masis
meore etaloni. es aris naxSirbad-12-is atomi, romelic saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebiT miCneulia 12 atomuri masis erTeulad
(u). kavSiri or etalons Soris aseTia:
1 u = 1,66 054 0210-27 kg,

sadac aTwiladis bolo ori cifris cdomileba 10-is tolia. mecnierebs SeuZliaT maRali sizustiT gansazRvron sxva atomebis masa naxSirbad-12-is atomis masis saSualebiT. samwuxarod, aseTi sizuste dRemde miuRwevelia masis ufro gavrcelebuli erTeulebis, maga
liTad, kilogramis SemTxvevaSi.
mimoxilva da Sejameba
sidideebi fizikaSi. fizika efuZneba
erTeulTa Secvla. erTeulTa Secv-
fizikuri sidideebis gazomvas. garkveuli
la xdeba jaWvuri gadayvanis meTodiT. am
fizikuri sidideebi miCneulia sabazisod
SemTxvevaSi, sawyisi monacemebi mravldeba
(magaliTad, sigrZe, dro da masa), gansazRv
gadayvanis specialur koeficientebze da
rulia yvela maTganis etaloni da mocemu-
saTanado algebruli gamoTvlebis Sedegad
lia zomis erTeuli (magaliTad metri, wami
miiReba sasurveli erTeulebi.
da kilogrami). sxva fizikuri sidideebi ganisazRvreba sabaziso sidideebis, maTi eta

lonebisa da erTeulebis meSveobiT.
SI sistemis erTeulebi. am wignSi

ZiriTadad gamoyenebulia erTeulTa saer-
(SI) sistemis erTeulebi. 1.1
TaSoriso
sigrZe. metri gansazRvrulia, rogorc

sinaTlis mier ganvlili manZili drois zustad dadgenil SualedSi.
dro.
wami
gansazRvrulia
atomuri
(cezium-133) wyaros mier gamosxivebuli
sidideebi
sinaTlis talRis rxevebis mixedviT. atomur
gamoiyeneba pirvel sam TavSi. sabaziso
saaTze naCvenebi zusti dro mTels msofli-
sideebisTvis
oSi igzavneba radiosignalebis saxiT.
cxrilSi
mocemuli
fizikuri
saerTaSoriso
SeTanxmebiT
dadgenilia xelmisawvdomi da ucvleli et-
masa. kilogrami gansazRvrulia pariz-
alonebi. es etalonebi gamoiyeneba rogorc
Si Senaxuli platina-iridiumis etalonis
ZiriTadi, aseve meoradi sidideebis gazom-
mixedviT. atomuri masStabis gazomvebis
vis dros. 1.2 cxrilSi mocemuli mecnieruli
Casatareblad gamoiyeneba naxSirbad-12-is
Canawerebi da prefiqsebi gamoiyeneba gazom-
atomis safuZvelze gansazRvruli atomuri
vis Sedegis Caweris gasamartiveblad.
masa.
amocanebi
amoxsnebi mocemulia Student Solutions Manual-Si.

amoxsnebi mocemulia veb-gverdze http://www.wiley.com/college/halliday
ILW
Interactive LearningWare amoxsnebi mocemulia veb-gverdze

http://www.wiley.com/college/halliday.
wertilebis raodenoba amocanis sirTules gviCvenebs.
SSM
WWW
19
Tavi 1-5
sigrZe
doRis dros cxenebma 4 farlongi
sigrZis trasa unda gairbinon. ra sigrZisaa

trasa a) rodebSi da b) CeinebSi? (1 farlon-
sm-iT gadaadgilda, risi tolia es gadaadgileba a) pikebSi da b) pointebSi?
dedamiwis sferos radiusi daax-
gi = 201,168 m, 1 rodi = 5,0292 m da 1 Ceini =
loebiT 6,37106 metria. ra iqneba misi:
20,117 m) SSM WWW.

2 grai Zveli inglisuri sigrZis erTeulia da lainis 1/10-s udris. lainic Zveli
a) garSemoweriloba kilometrebSi? b) far-
inglisuri sigrZis erTeulia da udris dui-
erTeulebis gadayvana iolad
Tobi kvadratul kilometrebSi? g) moculoba kubur kilometrebSi?
SSM.
mis 1/12-s. sagamomcemlo saqmeSi sigrZis er-
SeiZleba kalkulatorisa Tu kompiuteris
Teulad gamoiyeneba pointi, romelic, Tavis
daxmarebiT, magram D danarTSi mocemuli
mxriv, duimis 1/72-ia. gadaiyvane 0,5 grai2
gadayvanis cxrilis gamoyeneba mainc unda
farTobi kvadratul pointebSi (pointi2).
SegveZlos. 1.6 cxrilSi mocemulia mocu-
mikrometrs (1mkm) xSirad mikrons
lobis erTeulebis Zveli espanuri sistema.
uwodeben. a) ramdeni mikronia 1 km-Si? 2) ram-
1 fanega = 55,501 dm3. cxrilis Sesavsebad, ra
deni santimetria 1 mkm-Si? g) ramdeni mikro-
ricxvebi (sami mniSvnelovani cifriT) unda
nia 1 iardSi ?
iqnas Setanili a) kahizis svetSi,
4 am wignis beWdvisas simboloebs Soris

manZili gamoiTvales pointebsa da pikebSi.
12 pointi = 1 pikas, xolo 6 pika = 1 duims**.

Tu gverdis koreqtirebis dros simbolo 0,8
cxrili
b) fanegas svetSi, g) kvartilas svetSi da

d) almudes svetSi? gamosaxe 7 almude e) me
dioebSi; v) kahizebSi da z) kubur santimetrebSi (sm3).
1.6
amocana 6
1 kahizi
kahizi
fanega
kvartila
almude
medio
12
48
144
288
12
24
1 fanega
1 kvartila
1 almude
1 medio
antarqtika 2000km radiusis mqone
es erTeuli 1962 wlis kursdamTavrebulis,
naxevarwrea (sur. 1.5). misi yinulis safaris
oliver rid smut umcrosis simaRlis to-
saSualo
lia. swored misi sxeuliT gazomes misma amx-
sisqe
3000 m-ia. ramden kubur santimetr
2000 km
3000 m
anagebma xidis sigrZe, Tan gzad 1 smutis sigrZis monakveTebi moniSnes. mas Semdeg, yovel
or weliwadSi erTxel studentebi am niSnebs
yinuls
Seicavs antarqtika (dedamiwis zedapiris
ganaaxleben xolme, rogorc wesi, gadat-
amozneqiloba ugulebelyofilia).
virTuli saavtomobilo moZraobis dros,
SSM.
8 mdinare Carlzze agebuli harvard-
roca policia maT xels ver SeuSlis. (poli-
is xidi, romelic miCiganis teqnologiis
cia albaT imitom iyo ukmayofilo, rom
institutis Senobas studentur sacxovre-
smuti SI sistemis erTeuli ar aris, Tumca,
belTan akavSirebs, 364,4 smuti sigrZisaa.
rogorc Cans, dRes am erTeulis arsebobas
1 iardi 0,914 m
1 duimi 25,4103 m = 2,54 sm
**
20
erTeulTa sistema
Tavi 1
isic Seegua). 1.6 suraTze naCvenebia smutebSi (S), uilebSi (W) da zeldebSi (Z) gazomili sami
paraleluri xazi. gamoxate 50 smuti a) uilebSi da b) zeldebSi.
0
32
212
258
0
60
216
Si
amerikis SeerTebul Stateb-
inJiner-hidroteqnikosebi
wylis
moculobis sazom erTeulad xSirad
W
Z
iyeneben akr-futs. akr-futi ganisazRvreba, rogorc im wylis moculoba,
sur. 1.6 amocana 8.
romelic 1 akr miwas 1 fut simaRleze
dafaravs. kokipirulma wvimam 26km farTobis qalaqi 30 wuTSi 2 duimiT datbora. gamoTvale
2
qalaqSi wylis moculoba akr-futebSi.
Tavi 1-6
10
ILW.
dro
leqciis xangrZlivoba (50wT) daax-
loebiT 1 mikrosaukunea. a) ramdeni wuTia
procentuli sxvaoba =
11
mikrosaukuneSi? b) ipove procentuli sxva

oba Semdegi formulis gamoyenebiT:
faqtobrivi miaxloebiTi
fortnaiti (fourteen nights ToTx-
meti Rame) inglisuri drois sazomi erTeulia da 2 kviras udris. drois es monakveTi,
faqtobrivi
100,
gaizarda. gamoTvale misi zrdis tempi mikrometr/wamebSi.
13
laboratoriaSi xuT saaTs amow-
Tu mas sasiamovno sazogadoebaSi atareb,
meben. ramdenime dRis manZilze, zustad
TavisTavad, sasiamovnoa, magram usiamovno
SuadRisas, romlis dadgomasac WWV drois
kompaniaSi mikrowamebis mtanjvel wyebad
signali gvauwyebs, saaTebi cxrilSi moce-
iqceva. ramdeni mikrowamia fortnaitSi?
mul dros aCvenebs. daalage saaTebi maRa-
12
yvelaze swrafad mzardi mcenare
hesperoika uiplei
14 dReSi 3,7 metriT
li sizustidan yvelaze dabal sizustemde.

daamtkice Seni arCevani. SSM.
saaTi
kv.
orS.
samS.
oTx.
xuT.
par.
Sab.
A
B
C
D
E
12:36:40
12:36:56
12:37:12
12:37:27
12:37:44
12:37:59
12:38:14
11:59:59
12:00:02
11:59:57
12:00:07
12:00:02
11:59:56
12:00:03
15:50:45
15:51:43
15:52:41
15:53:39
15:54:37
15:55:35
15:56:33
12:03:59
12:02:52
12:01:45
12:00:38
11:59:31
11:58:24
11:57:17
12:03:59
12:02:49
12:01:54
12:01:52
12:01:32
12:01:22
12:01:12
14 1883
wlamde amerikis SeerTebuli
10 saaTisgan, erTi saaTi 100 wuTisagan,
Statebis yvela qalaqs sakuTari, adgilo-
xolo erTi wuTi 100 wamisagan. risi tolia
brivi dro hqonda. dRes mogzaurebi saaTebs
a) franguli aTobiTi kviris Sefardeba eta-
mxolod maSin asworeben, rodesac gansx-
lonur kvirasTan? b) franguli aTobiTi wu-
vaveba 1 saaTi an metia. daaxloebiT grZedis
Tis Sefardeba etalonur wuTTan?
ramdeni gradusi unda gaiaro, rom saaTis
16
gasworeba 1 saaTiT mogixdes? (dedamiwa 24
atomur
saaTSi 360-ian bruns asrulebs.)
varaudod,
15
drois etalonebi dafuZnebulia

saaTze.
momavali
dafuZnebuli
etaloni,
iqneba
sa-
mbrunav
safrangeTis revoluciidan 10 wlis
neitronul varskvlavebze pulsarebze.
Semdeg safrangeTis xelisuflebam drois
zogierTi pulsari, romlis brunvis siC-
ZiriTad sazomebad daadgina aTis jeradebi:
qare Zalian stabiluria, yoveli Semobrune-
erTi kvira Sedgeboda 10 dRisagan, erTi dRe
bisas dedamiwaze radiosignals gzavnis.
21
magaliTad, pulsari PSR 1937+21 yovel
21
dedamiwis masa 5,981024 kilogramia.
1,557806448872753 mwm-Si erTxel Semobrun-
dedamiwis Semadgeneli atomebis saSualo
deba. a) ramden bruns gaakeTebs es pulsari
masaa 40 u. ramdeni atomia dedamiwaSi?
22
7 dReSi? b) ra dro dasWirdeba mas milioni
SuSis boTlis damzadebis rekordi
vadasxva tempSi muSaobs da sxvadasxva dros
1992 wels niu-jersis Statis qalaq melvilSi

damyarda. boTlis moculoba 193 aSS galoni
iyo. a) ramdeniT naklebia es moculoba 1
aCvenebs. 1.7 suraTze mocemulia saaTebis
milion sm3-ze? b) Tu boTls wyliT aavseben
Cvenebebi (magaliTad, pirvel SemTxvevaSi
1,8 g/wT siCqariT, ra dro dasWirdeba boT-
brunis gasakeTeblad?
17
sami cifruli saaTi, A, B da C, sx-
B aCvenebs 25 wm-s, xolo C 92 wm-s). Tu A

saaTze or movlenas Soris dro 600 wm-ia, ra
dro iqneba am movlenebs Soris a) B saaTze
da b) C saaTze? g) rodesac A saaTi aCvenebs
400 wm-s, ras aCvenebs B saaTi? d) rodesac
C saaTi aCvenebs 15 wm-s, ras aCvenebs B saa-
lis avsebas? 1 kuburi metri moculobis wylis masa 1000 kilogramia.
23 1
kuburi santimetri moculobis
rkinis masa 7,87 gramia, xolo rkinis atomis

masa 9,2710-26 kg. Tu atomebi sferulia da
mWidrod ganlagebuli, maSin a) risi tolia
Ti? (dros nulovan wertilamde uaryofiTi
rkinis atomis moculoba? b) ra manZilia
Cveneba mianiWe).
gverdigverd ganlagebuli atomebis cen-
312
25.0
125
512
200
142
92.0
290
A (wm)
B (wm)
C (wm)
sur. 1.7 amocana 17.
trebs Soris?
24
erTi kuburi santimetri Rrubeli
Seicavs 50-dan 500-mde wylis wveTs, TiToeulis radiusi 10 mkm-ia. a) ramdeni kuburi
santimetri wyalia 3 km simaRlis da 1 km ra-
dedamiwis brunvis TandaTano-
diusis cilindruli formis RrubelSi? b)
biT Senelebis gamo yoveli momdevno dRis
ramden erTlitrian boTls aavsebs es wya-
xangrZlivoba izrdeba: yoveli saukunis
li? g) erTi kuburi metri moculobis wylis
18
ukanaskneli dRe 1 mwm-iT ufro grZelia,
masa 1000 kilogramia. ra masa aqvs RrubelSi
vidre saukunis dasawyisSi. 20 saukunis man-
Semaval wyals?
Zilze sul ra droiT gaizarda dRis xangr-
damatebiTi amocanebi
25 Zveli inglisuri sabavSvo leqsi am-
Zlivoba?
Tavi 1-7
19
masa
a) davuSvaT, wylis kuburi santime-
tris masa zustad 1 gramia. gamoTvale wylis erTi kuburi metris masa kilogramebSi;
b) davuSvaT, wyliT savse 5700m3 moculobis rezervuaris daclas 10 saaTi sWirdeba.
risi tolia wylis masis Semcirebis siCqare
kilogram/wamebSi?
20
oqros kuburi santimetris masa
19,32 gramia. oqro yvelaze rbili liTonia

da SeiZleba misi furceliviT gabrtyeleba
an boWkosaviT gawelva. a) Tu 27,63 gr oqrosgan gavakeTebT 1 mkm sisqis furcels, risi
toli iqneba misi farTobi? b) Tu imave raodenobis oqrosgan gavakeTebT 2,5 mkm radiusis cilindruli formis boWkos, ra iqneba
boWkos sigrZe?
bobs: `patara mis mafeti Camojda da xaWos

Wama daiwyo. oboba movida da gverdiT miujda...~ oboba Camojda ara xaWos gulisTvis,
aramed imitom, rom mis mafets Tan hqonda 11
tafeti gamomSrali buzebis maragi. 1 tafeti = 2 peki = 0,5 imperiuli buSeli, xolo 1
imperiuli buSeli = 36,3687 litri (L). risi
tolia mis mafetis mwerebis maragi a) pekebSi, b) imperiul buSelebSi da g) litrebSi?
26 atomur molSi 6,021023 atomia. daaxloebiT ramdeni moli atomia did Sinaur kataSi? wyalbadis, Jangbadis da naxSirbadis
atomebis masebia Sesabamisad 1 u, 16 u da 12
u.
27 Zvelsa da axals, didsa da mcires Soris kontrastis dasanaxad waikiTxe Semdegi:
Zveli inglisis soflebSi 1 haidi (100 da 120
22
erTeulTa sistema
Tavi 1
akrs Soris) iyo miwis farTobi, romelic
erTeulebi gamoiyeneboda. ramdenime maT-
daakmayofilebda 1 guTnis mqone 1 ojaxs (1
gani mocemulia 1.7 cxrilSi. cxrilis Ses-
akri = 4047 m2). 1 vapenteiki farTobis miwa
avsebad ra ricxvebi (meaTasedis sizustiT)
daakmayofilebda 100 aseT ojaxs. kvantur
unda Caiweros a) veis svetSi, b) Caldronis
fizikaSi birTvis ganivi kveTis farTobi
svetSi, g) begis svetSi, d) potlis svetSi,
izomeba barnebSi, sadac 1 barni = 110
m .
e) gilis svetSi. 1 begi = 0,1091 m3. Zvel ing-
risi tolia 25 vapenteikis fardoba 11 barn-
lisur moTxrobaSi jadoqari saZagel siTx-
sTan?
es 1,5 Caldroni moculobis qvabSi xarSavs.
-28
28 metruli sistemis SemoRebamde aSS-
ras udris es moculoba m3-Si?
Si siTxis moculobis sxvadasxva sazomi
cxrili
1. 7
amocana 28
vei
1 vei =
Caldroni
10/9
begi
potli
gili
40/3
640
120 240
1 Caldroni =
1 begi =
1 potli =
1 gili =
29 turistma manqana inglisSi SeiZina da
desertis kovzi raodenobis bulioni. Sem-
aSS-Si miemgzavreba. manqanis instruqciaSi
deg
naTqvamia, rom swor gzaze manqana 40 milSi
Reroebi, sanam 0,5 kvarti ar dagrCeba. Re-
erT galon sawvavs moixmars. turisti ver
roebi bulionSi Cayare da daamate 1 magidis
mixvda, rom inglisuri galoni amerikulis-
kovzi moxarSuli brinji da 1 marilis kovzi
gan gansxvavdeba:
marili. aduRe 15 wuTis manZilze~. cxril-
1 inglisuri galoni = 4,5459631 litri

1 amerikuli galoni = 3,7853060 litri.
750 milis* manZilze (aSS-Si) a) ramdeni
galoni sawvavi dasWirdeba manqanas am turistis azriT? b) ramdeni galoni dasWirdeba
manqanas sinamdvileSi?
30 Zveli inglisuri receptebis wignSi

mocemulia WinWris supis recepti: moxarSe
1 sauzmis Wiqa, plius 1 Cais Wiqa, plius 1
Zveli inglisuri erTeulebi
xelTaTmanebiT
daacalkeve
WinWris
Si mocemulia Zvel britanul da amerikul

sazomebs Soris sxvaobebi. siTxeebisTvis
1 britanuli Cais kovzi = 1 amerikul Cais

kovzs. mSrali saWmelisTvis 1 britanuli
Cais kovzi = 2 amerikul Cais kovzs, xolo 1
britanuli kvarti = 1 amerikul kvarts. ramdeni a) bulioni, b) WinWris Rero, g) brinji
da d) marilia saWiro am receptiT amerikul
sazomebSi?
amerikuli erTeulebi
Cais kovzi = 2 marilis kovzi
magidis kovzi = 3 Cais kovzi
desertis kovzi = 2 Cais kovzi
naxevari Wiqa = 8 magidis kovzi
magidis kovzi = 2 desertis kovzi
Wiqa = 2 naxevari Wiqa
Cais Wiqa = 8 magidis kovzi

sauzmis Wiqa = 2 Cais Wiqa
31 Zvel xelnawerSi naTqvamia, rom mefe
bels gaaCnda 3 akri mosaxnavi miwa da piru-
arturis mmarTvelobis dros miwismflo-
tyvisTvis damatebiTi farTobi, 25 perCi
1 mili = 1,609 km
23
4 perCze. risi toli iyo mTeli farTobi
kvadratuli futis SeRebva SeiZleba. a) ga-
a) Zvel erTeulebSi rudzebSi da b) Taname-
mosaxe es sidide m2/litrebiT. b) gamosaxe es
drove erTeulebSi m -ebSi? am SemTxvevaSi,
sidide SI sistemis erTeulebiT (ixile dan-
1 akri = 404 perCi, 1 rudi = 401 perCi,

xolo 1 perCi = 16,5 futi**.
32 XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis aSS-Si
arTebi A da D). g) rogori iqneba sawyisi raode-
nobis sididis Sebrunebuli mniSvneloba?

d) ra fizikuri mniSvneloba aqvs mas?
gamoiyeneboda ori tipis bareli. vaSlis
36 warmoidgine, rom ekvatorTan axlos
bareli 7056 kuburi duimis toli iyo, xolo
plaJze wevxar da wammzoms rTav, raTa mzis
StoSis*** bareli 5826 kuburi duimisa. Tu
Casvlamde darCenili dro daiTvalo. amis
vaWari StoSis 20 barel saqonels mihyidis
Semdeg dgebi, ris Sedegadac Seni Tvalebi
klients, romelsac hgonia, rom saqonels
H=1,70 m simaRleze aRmoCndeba, da kvlav elo-
vaSlis barelebSi yidulobs, ra gansxvaveba
debi mzis wveris gauCinarebas. Tu gasuli
iqneba saqonlis raodenobebs Soris li-
dro t = 11,1 wm, risi tolia dedamiwis r ra-
trebSi?
diusi? (miniSneba: ixile amocanis amoxsnis
33 kaliforniis plaJis qviSis marcvlebi daaxloebiT 50 mkm radiusis sferoebia da
nimuSi 1.4).
37 kordi aris moWrili xe-tyis mocu-
siliciumis orJangisgan Sedgeba. 1 m3 mocu-
loba da 8 futi sigrZis, 4 futi siganisa da
lobis siliciumis orJangis kubis masa 2600
oebis farTobebis jami), romelic 1 m wibos
4 futi simaRlis xe-tyis moculobis tolia.

ramdeni kordia 1m3-Si?
38 iaponiis tradiciuli sigrZis sazomi
erTeulia keni (1 keni = 1,97 m). risi tolia
mqone kubis zedapiris farTobis tolia?
a) kvadratuli kenis Sefardeba kvadratul
kg-ia. ra masis qviSis marcvlebs eqneba zedapiris iseTive farTobi (cal-calke sfer-
34 amerikuli Tojinas saxli namdvili
metrTan da b) kuburi kenis Sefardeba ku-
saxlis 1/12-ia, xolo miniaturuli saxli
bur metrTan? risi tolia 5 keni siRrmisa da
(kidev ufro patara saxli, romelic Tojinis
3 keni radiusis cilindruli formis wylis
saxlSi eteva) namdvili saxlis 1/144-ia. da-
WurWlis moculoba g) kubur kenebSi da d) ku
vuSvaT, namdvili saxlis (sur. 1.8) sigrZe
bur metrebSi?
20 m-ia, sigane 12 m, simaRle 6 m, xolo

daxrili Weris simaRle 3 m. risi tolia
utoldeba mzomelis idayvidan Sua TiTis
a) Tojinas saxlis da b) miniaturuli saxlis
wveramde manZils. davuSvaT, rom es sidide
moculobebi kubur metrebSi?
43-dan 53 sm-mde icvleba, da warmovidginoT, rom uZveles naxatze asaxulia 9 wyrTa

sigrZisa da 2 wyrTa diametris cilindruli
39 wyrTa uZvelesi sazomi erTeulia da
boZi. rogori iqneba minimaluri da maqsima

3.0 m
luri sidideebi, Sesabamisad, a) cilindris

sigrZisa metrebSi, b) cilindris sigrZisa
milimetrebSi da g) cilindris moculobisa
6.0 m
kubur metrebSi?
20 m
40 wylis erTi molekula (H2O) Seicavs

wyalbadis or da Jangbadis erT atoms. wyal
35 erT-erTi saxeobis saRebavis aRweraSi weria, rom am saRebavis erTi galoniT 460
*
1 akri = 4040 m2
1 futi 30,48 sm
**
badis atomis masaa daaxloebiT 1u, xolo

Jangbadis atomis masa daaxloebiT 16u.
a) ra iqneba wylis erTi molekulis masa kilogramebSi? b) wylis ramdeni molekulaa
StoSi tanmorCili buCqbalaxa mcenare. isxams wiTeli feris wvrilsa da

mJave nayofs. ixmareba sakvebad, saWmlis Sesakazmad. samurabed, wvnisa da
sirofis dasamzadeblad (qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, tomi VII).
***
24
Tavi 1
erTeulTa sistema
dedamiwis wylebSi, Tu maTi mTliani masa
minis WurWelSi asxamen, romlis zomebia
1,410 kg-ia?
41 zRvaosnobaSi xSirad gamoiyeneba mo
40sm40sm30sm. WurWeli pirTamde unda
culobis sazomi erTeuli tona. Tumca misi
mocemuli zomis boTlebSi. rac ufro didia
gamoyeneba garkveul sifrTxiles moiTxovs,
boTli, miT ufro iafi jdeba Rvino. mini
vinaidan arsebobs tonis, sul cota, sami
maluri fasis misaRebad, a) ra zomis da ram-
nairsaxeoba: gadaadgilebis tona 7 bare-
deni boTli unda iqnas SeZenili? rodesac
li moculobis tolia, tvirTis tona 8
WurWeli gaivseba, ramdeni Rvino darCeba
bareli moculobisa, xolo registris tona
b) standartul boTlebSi da g) litrebSi.
21
iyos savse. Rvinis SeZena SeiZleba cxrilSi
20 bareli moculobisa. bareli moculo-
1 standartuli boTli
bis kidev erTi sazomi erTeulia da udris
1 magnumi
0,1415 m3. davuSvaT, tvirTis SekveTaSi weria

`73 tona M&M kanfeti da Tqven darwmunebuli
= 2 standartuli boTli
1 ieroboami
1 reoboami
xarT, rom SemkveTi `tonaSi~ moculobas gu-
1 maTusala
lisxmobs (nacvlad wonisa an masisa, rogorc
1 salmanazari = 12 standartuli boTli
es me-5 TavSia). Tu SemkveTi sinamdvileSi
1 balTazari = 16 standartuli boTli
gadaadgilebis tonas gulisxmobda, ramden
= 11,356 l
zedmet amerikul buSel kanfets CatvirTav
1 nabuqodonosori = 20 standartuli
gemSi SecdomiT, Tu SekveTaSi warmoidgen

a) 73 tvirTis tonas da b) 73 registris
tonas? (1m3 = 28,378 amerikuli buSeli.)
42 malaiziaSi adgilobrivi sazomiT 28,9

pikuli wonis xari iyide. 1 pikuli udris 100
jins, 1 jini 16 tahils, 1 tahili 10 Ciss da
1 Cisi 10 hunas. 1 huna 0,3779 gramis tolia.
Tu am xaris saxlSi wayvanas da ojaxis gancvifrebas ganizraxav, ramdeni kilogrami masa
unda Cawero tvirTis deklaraciaSi?
43 drois tradiciuli sazomi erTeu

lebi, magaliTad, dRis an weliwadis xan
grZlivoba,
dafuZnebulia
astronomiul
dakvirvebebze. Tumca, tibetSi SeiZleba ada

mianze dafuZnebuli drois sazomi erTeulis naxvac, sadac dibugi aris CasunTqvaamosunTqvas Soris saSualo dro. gamoTvale
dibugebis raodenoba erT dReSi.
44 brZaneba miiRe, rom Seni gemiT 24,5

mili gacuro aRmosavleTisken, sadac mekobreebis gemi CaiZira. Tumca, rodesac
im adgilas Seni myvinTavebi gemis nasaxsac
ver aRmoaCnen, mixvdebi, rom curvis manZilSi igulisxmeboda 24,5 sazRvao mili da
ara Cveulebrivi mili. gamoiyene D danarTSi
mocemuli sigrZeebis cxrili, raTa gamoTvalo, ramdeni kilometriT xar daSorebuli
mekobreTa gemidan.
45 qorwilebis dros Rvinos Tlili
boTli.
46 politikuri partiis yrilobisTvis

produqtebis SeZenisas SecdomiT SeukveTe
wynari okeanis saSualo zomis xamanwkebi
(erT amerikul pintaSi 8-12 cali), atlantis
okeanis saSualo zomis xamanwkebis nacvlad
(pintaSi 26-38 cali). xamanwkiT savse WurWlis zomebia 1m12sm20sm, xolo amerikuli pinta 0,4732 litris tolia. ramdeni
xamanwkiT naklebi SegikveTavs?
47 astronomiuli erTeuli (AU) aris

dedamiwasa da mzes Soris saSualo manZili
1,5108 km. sinaTlis siCqarea 3108 m/wm.
gamoxate sinaTlis siCqare astronomiul
erTeul/wuTebSi.
48 ra masis wyali movida wvimis dros

qalaqSi me-9 amocanaSi? erTi kuburi metri
wylis masaa 1103 kg.
49 am TavSi mocemuli monacemebis gamo

yenebiT gansazRvre 1 kg wyalbadis miRebisTvis saWiro wyalbadis atomebis raodenoba. wyalbadis atomis masaa 1 u.
50 Saqris natexis gverdis sigrZea 1sm.

Sen rom gqondes kubis formis yuTi, ro
melSic 1 moli Saqris kubebi iqneba, rogori
iqneba am kubis gverdis sigrZe? (erTi moli =
6,021023 erTeuls).
51 dietaze myofma adamianma SeiZleba
kviraSi 2,3 kg daiklos. gamoxate masis da-
25
kargvis
tempi
miligram/wamebSi,
TiTqos
56
miwis farTobis gasazomad xSirad
dietaze myofi yovel wams daklebul masas
gamoiyeneben heqtars, romelic 104 m2-ia.
grZnobdes.
qvanaxSiris Ria karieri yovelwliurad 75
52 marcvleul/Roris Sefardeba finan
heqtar miwas moixmars 26 metris siRrmeze.
suri terminia da Rorebis bazarze gamoiye
ra moculobis miwa (kubur kilometrebSi)
neba. is ukavSirdeba Roris Senaxvis xarjebs
gadaiyreba am dros?
am Roris gasayidad gamoyvanamde. marcv-
Sefardeba erTi amerikuli buSeli marcv-
57 astronomiuli erTeuli (AU) deda

miwidan mzemde saSualo manZilis 92,9106
milis tolia. parseki (pc) aris manZili, romlis toli ferdebisa da 1 sekundis toli
leulis sabazro fasTan. amerikuli buSeli
kuTxis mqone tolferda samkuTxedis fuZe
35,238 litris tolia. Tu marcvleul/Roris

Sefardeba bazarze 5,7-ia, ra iqneba metrul
erTeulebSi 1-kilogrami Roris fasis Se-
1 AU-s tolia (sur. 1.9). sinaTlis weliwadi

aris manZili, romelsac sinaTle 1 weliwadSi gaivlis 186000 mili/wm siCqariT. gamoxa
fardeba 1 litri marcvleulis fasTan?
te manZili dedamiwasa da mzes Soris a) par
(miniSneba: ixile masaTa cxrili D danarTSi).
sekebSi da b) sinaTlis weliwadebSi.
leul/Roris Sefardeba ganisazRvreba, rogorc 1460 slagis masis Roris sabazro fasis
53
saxlis Sida kibis erTi safexuris
simaRle 19 sm-ia, xolo sigane 23 sm. in-
1 pc
Jinrebi irwmunebian, rom safexurebi ufro
1 pc
usafrTxo gaxdeba, Tu maTi sigane 28 sm

iqneba. Tu kibis simaRle sul 4,57 m, rogor
gaizrdeba mTlianad kibis sigrZe, Tu axali
siganis safexurebs gavukeTebT?
54
Zlieri wvimis dros mTis ferdobi,
romlis sigane 2,5 kilometria, sigrZe 0,8km

da sisqe 2m, mewyris saxiT velze Camocurdeba da Tanabrad vrceldeba 0,4km0,4km
zomebis velze. erTi kuburi metri talaxis
masaa 1900 kg. ra masis talaxi Camova 4m2 farTobze?
55 Sen unda moamzado sadili meqsikuri

saWmlis 400 moyvarulis TavyrilobisTvis.
recepti moiTxovs erT adamianze 2 ialapenos wiwakas, Tumca Sen mxolod habaneros wiwakebi gaqvs. wiwakis sicxare izomeba skovilis sicxaris erTeulebSi (SHU). saSualod,
erTi ialapenos wiwakis sicxarea 4000 SHU,
xolo habaneros wiwakisa 300000 SHU. sasurveli sicxaris misaRwevad, ramdeni habaneros wiwakiT unda Secvalo ialapenos wiwakebi 400 adamianisTvis sadilis mozadebis
dros?
1 sekundis toli kuTxis mqone

tolferda samkuTxedi
58
1 AU
a) mikroskopul fizikaSi zogjer
gamoiyeneba drois sazomi erTeuli Seiki.

erTi Seiki 108 wamis tolia. ra ufro metia
wamSi Seiki Tu weliwadSi wami? b) adamiani
daaxloebiT 106 weliwadia arsebobs, samyaro
ki 1010 wlisaa. Tu samyaros asaks ganvsazRvravT, rogorc `samyaros 1 dRes~, romelic
Sedgeba `samyaros wamebisgan~, zustad ise,
rogorc Cveulebrivi dRe Sedgeba Cveulebrivi wamebisgan, maSin ramdeni samyaros
wamis win gaCnda adamiani?
59 mzis dabnelebis dros mzes mTlianad

mTvare faravs. davuSvaT, mzemde manZili 400jer metia mTvaremde manZilze. a) ipove mzis
diametris fardoba mTvaris diametrTan.
b) ipove mzis moculobis fardoba mTvaris
moculobasTan. g) daiWire patara moneta ise,
rom mTvare mTlianad dafaros, da gazome
Seni Tvalsawieris kuTxe, romelsac es moneta faravs. am sididesa da dedamiwasa da
mTvares Soris manZilze (3,8105 km) dayrdnobiT ipove mTvaris diametri.
wrfivi moZraoba
xSirad avtrokatastrofis dros erT manqanas meore uknidan ejaxeba.

aTwleulebis manZilze inJinrebi da medikosebi cdiloben axsnan, ra
iwvevs aseTi Sejaxebisas wina manqanaSi mjdomis kisris dazianebas. gasuli
saukunis 70-ian wlebSi daaskvnes, rom dazianebas iwvevs Tavis uecari
gadavardna savarZlis zemodan, rodesac manqana mkveTri biZgiT win
gadaadgildeba. am aRmoGenis Semdeg manqanebSi GaamontaJes savarZlis
Tavmisadeblebi, magram aman Sejaxebebis dros kisris dazianebebis
raodenoba didad ver Seamcira.
ra iwvevs sinamdvileSi am dazianebebs?
2.1
ra aris fizika?
fizikis erT-erTi amocana sxeulis moZraobis Seswavlaa, magaliTad, imisa, Tu ra siCqariT moZraobs da ra manZils gadis is drois mocemul monakveTSi. avtoinJinrebi aqtiurad
iyeneben fizikas, vinaidan misi meSveobiT adgenen manqanebis maxasiaTeblebs Sejibrebamde da
Sejibris dros. geologebi fizikas iyeneben teqtonuri baqnebis moZraobis Seswavlisa da am
gziT miwisZvrebis winaswari prognozirebisaTvis. medikosebs fizika sWirdebaT pacientebis
sisxlis mimoqcevis suraTis Sesaqmnelad, rodesac nawilobriv daxSuli arteriis diagnozs
svamen. avtomoyvarulebi fizikis saSualebiT igeben, rogor unda Seanelon avtomobili,
rodesac radiolokatori gafrTxilebas iZleva. arsebobs uamravi sxva magaliTic. am TavSi
SeviswavliT sxeulebis (avtomobilebis, teqtonuri baqnebis, sisxlis ujredisa an sxva sxeulebis) moZraobas wrfis gaswvriv. aseT moZraobas erTganzomilebiani anu wrfivi moZ-
raoba ewodeba.
2.2
moZraoba
samyaroSi yvelaferi moZraobs. erTi SexedviT uZravi sagnebic ki, magaliTad, gza, dedamiwis brunvasTan erTad moZraobs. dedamiwa mzis garSemo moZraobs, mze _ irmis naxtomis
galaqtikis garSemo, da TviT es galaqtikac moZraobs sxva galaqtikebis mimarT. moZraobebis
klasifikacia da Sedareba (e.w. kinematika) xSirad sakmaod rTulia. ras vzomavT da rogor
vadarebT erTmaneTs?
26
27
2.3 mdebareoba da gadaadgileba

vidre pasuxis gacemas SeecdebodeT, ganvixiloT moZraobis zogadi maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic sam punqtad SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:
1. moZraoba xdeba mxolod wrfis gaswvriv. wrfe SeiZleba iyos vertikaluri (magaliTad, qvis vardna), horizontaluri (magaliTad, manqanis moZraoba trasaze) an iribi,
magram is aucileblad wrfe unda iyos.
2. moZraobas Zalebi iwvevs, magram am sakiTxs me-5 TavSi ganvixilavT. am TavSi ki SevexebiT mxolod moZraobasa da cvlilebebs moZraobis dros. aCqardeba Tu Seneldeba sxeuli, gaCerdeba Tu sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT wava? Tu moZraoba icvleba, ra dro
sWirdeba am cvlilebas?
3. moZravi sxeuli an nawilakia (igulisxmeba umciresi sxeuli, magaliTad, eleqtroni)

an sxeulia, romelic nawilakiviT moZraobs (anu misi yvela nawili moZraobs erTnairad da erTi mimarTulebiT). magaliTad, rodesac Rori bavSvebis saTamaSo moedanze
Semorbis, is SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc nawilakiviT moZravi, xolo mori, romelic
mdinares moyveba ara, vinaidan misi sxvadasxva wertilebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT
moZraobs.
2.3
mdebareoba da gadaadgileba
sagnis mdebareobis gansazRvra niSnavs
dadebiTi mimarTuleba
misi poziciis povnas raime aTvlis wertilis

mimarT, rogoricaa, magaliTad, 2.1 suraTze gamosaxuli x RerZis saTave (anu nulovani wertili). RerZze ricxvebis (koordinatebis)
zrdis
mimarTulebas
uaryofiTi mimarTuleba
-3
-2
naaRmdego mimarTulebas _ uaryofiTi.

magaliTad, sxeulis koordinati SeiZleba iyos x=5 m, rac imas niSnavs, rom is aTv-
xm
dadebiTi
ewodeba (suraTze _ marjvniv), xolo sawi-
-1
saTave
sur. 2.1 mdebareoba ganisazRvreba RerZze, romelzec

aRniSnulia sigrZis erTeulebi (am SemTxvevaSi metrebi). RerZis saxeli (aq x) yovelTvis iwereba dadebiT
mxares.
lis wertilidan 5 metriTaa daSorebuli dadebiTi mimarTulebiT. Tu x=5 m, ese igi, sxeuli
imave manZilzea aTvlis wertilidan, oRond uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT. RerZze 5 m koordinati naklebia, vidre 1 m koordinati, xolo orive naklebia, vidre +5 m koordinati. `pliusis dawera saWiro ar aris, magram `minusi yovelTvis unda iyos naCvenebi.
x1-dan x2-ze gadasvlas x gadaadgileba ewodeba, sadac

x = x2 x1

(2.1)
( berZnuli aso deltaa da sididis cvlilebas aRniSnavs, rac sididis saboloo da saw
yisi mniSvnelobebis sxvaobis tolia). rodesac 2.1 formulaSi x1 da x2-is nacvlad ricxvebi
Caismeba, dadebiTi mimarTulebis gadaadgileba yovelTvis dadebiTi ricxvi iqneba, xolo
uaryofiTi mimarTulebisa uaryofiTi. magaliTad, _ Tu wertili gadaadgildeba x1 = 5 mdan x2 = 12 m-sken, maSin x = 12 5 = +7. dadebiTi Sedegi aRniSnavs moZraobis dadebiT mimarTulebas. Tu wertili moZraobs x1 = 5 m-dan x2 = 1 m-sken, maSin x=15= 4. uaryofiTi Sedegi niSnavs, rom moZraoba uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT xdeba.
realuri ganvlili manZili gadaadgilebis sididesTan kavSirSi ar aris, vinaidan gadaadgileba moicavs mxolod sawyis da saboloo mdebareobebs. magaliTad, Tu wertili moZraobs x
= 5 m-dan x2 = 200 m-sken da Semdeg ukan brundeba (x = 5 m), gadaadgileba gzis dasawyisidan
dasasrulamde iqneba x = 5 5 = 0.
gadaadgilebisTvis pliusis miniWebas mniSvneloba ara aqvs, xolo minus niSani yo-
28
wrfivi moZraoba
Tavi 2
velTvis unda iyos naCvenebi. Tu gadaadgilebis niSans

(da, maSasadame, mimarTulebas) ugulebelvyofT, maSin
+1
dagvrCeba mxolod gadaadgilebis ricxviTi (anu ab-1
soluturi) mniSvneloba. magaliTad gadaadgilebis
x=4 ricxviTi mniSvnelobaa 4.

gadaadgileba veqtoruli sididis magaliTia.
veqtoruli ewodeba sidides, romelsac ricxviTi mniS-
x (t)
x(t)
vnelobis garda aqvs mimarTulebac. veqtorebs ufro
grafiki zRarbisTvis,
dawvrilebiT me-3 TavSi SeviswavliT, amJamad ki mxo
romelic uZravad dgas x = 2 m wer-
lod imis gageba gvWirdeba, rom gadaadgilebas ori
tilSi.
maxasiaTebeli aqvs: 1) ricxviTi mniSvneloba, romelic
sur. 2.2.
x-is
mniSvneloba nebismieri
droisTvis erTi da igivea.
aris manZili sawyis da saboloo mdebareobebs Soris, da

2) mimarTuleba sawyis da saboloo mdebareobebs Soris,
romelic SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnas plius an minus niSniT, Tu moZraoba erTi wrfis gaswvriv xdeba.
qvemoT xedavT sakontrolo wertils, romlis msgavsic am wignSi bevri

SegxvdebaT. TiToeuli sakontrolo wertili Seicavs erT an met kiTxvas,
romelze pasuxis gacemac garkveul msjelobas an gamoTvlas moiTxovs. sakontrolo wertili swrafad amowmebs, ramdenad kargad gaiazre ganxiluli
sakiTxi. pasuxebi mocemulia wignis bolos.
1 . mocemulia x RerZze sawyisi da saboloo mdebareobebis sami

wyvili. romeli wyvilebi gvaZlevs uaryofiT gadaadgilebas?
sakontrolo wertili
a) 3 m, +5 m;
b) 3 m, 7 m;
g) 7 m, 3 m
x (m)
2.4 s aSualo siCqare da saSualo

manZili
x (t)
mdebareobis aRweris optimaluri formaa x mde
t (wm)
bareobis warmodgena t drois funqciad x(t) (Ca

naweri x(t) niSnavs funqcias da ara x-is namravls
t-ze). amis martivi magaliTia 2.2 suraTze naCvenebi mdebareobis x(t) funqcia uZravi zRarbisTvis
(romelsac ganvixilavT, rogorc nawilaks) drois
mdebareoba t=0
7-wamian monakveTSi. zRarbis mdebareoba ucvlelia,
x = 2 m.
2.3 (a) suraTi ufro sainteresoa, vinaidan masze
moZraobaa naCvenebi. zRarbi t=0 momentSi imyofeba
x=5 poziciaze, moZraobs saTavis (x=0) mimarTulebiT, saTaves gaivlis t=3 momentSi da x-is
ufro maRali dadebiTi mniSvnelobebisken miiwevs.
sur. 2.3 (b) asaxavs zRarbis wrfiv moZraobas, rac
daaxloebiT isaa, rasac Cven davinaxavT. 2.3 (a) suraTze mocemuli grafiki ufro abstraqtulia da ara
hgavs imas, rac realurad Cans, samagierod, informaciiT ufro mdidaria. masze zRarbis siswrafec Cans.
(a)
xm
t (wm)
(b)
sur. 2.3 . a) zRarbis moZraobis x(t) grafiki
da masTan dakavSirebuli traeqtoria. b) x
RerZis qvemoT mocemuli skala gviCvenebs
im momentebs, rodesac zRarbi x-is
sxvadasxva mniSvnelobebs aRwevs.
29
2.4 saSualo siCqare da saSualo manZili

sityvas siswrafe ramdenime sidide ukavSirdeba. erT-erTi maTgania saSualo siCqare vsaS.
es aris x gadaadgilebis Sefardeba t drois Sualedze, romelSic gadaadgileba moxda:
saS =
x
t
x2 x1
(2.2)
t2 t1
mocemuli Canaweri niSnavs, rom t1 droSi zRarbis mdebareoba aris x1, xolo t2 droSi _
x2. vsaS-s erTeulia metri wamSi (m/wm). amocanebis amoxsnisas sxva erTeulebic SeiZleba Segvxvdes, Tumca forma manZili/dro yovelTvis daculi iqneba.
x-is t-sadmi damokidebulebis grafikze vsaS aris im xazis daxriloba, romelic x(t) grafi-
kis or wertils akavSirebs. erTi wertili Seesabameba x2-s da t2-s, meore wertili _ x1-s da
t1-s. gadaadgilebis msgavsad, vsaS-s gaaCnia rogorc ricxviTi mniSvneloba, aseve mimarTuleba (e.i. veqtoruli sididea). misi ricxviTi mniSvneloba daxrilobis sididea.
= am xazis daxriloba
dadebiTi vsaS (da daxriloba) gveubneba,
saS
rom xazi mimarTulia zeviT da marjvniv,
uaryofiTi _ qveviT da marjvniv. saSua-
x
t
lo siCqares yovelTvis igive niSani aqvs,
t = (s)
rac gadaadgilebas, vinaidan t 2.2 formulaSi yovelTvis dadebiTia.

sur. 2.4 gviCvenebs, rogor vipovoT
vsaS drois SualedisTvis t =1 wm-dan t =4

wm-mde. gavavlebT swor xazs, romelic
akavSirebs mdebareobis grafikis wertils drois am monakveTis dasawyisSi da
x = (t)
mdebareobis grafikis wertils am mon-
x = 2m (4 m) = 6m
akveTis dasasruls. Semdeg vipoviT swori xazis daxrilobas x/t. drois mocet=4s
mul monakveTSi saSualo siCqare tolia

saS
6m
3 wm
= 2 m/wm
ssaS saSualo siCqare wertilis moZ-
1s = 3s
sur. 2.4 saSualo siCqaris gamoTvla t = 1 wm-sa da t = 4 wm-s

Soris. saSualo siCqare im xazis daxrilobaa, romelic x(t)
grafikis Sesabamis wertilebs akavSirebs.
raobis siCqaris aRweris kidev erTi saSualebaa. Tu saSualo siCqare vsaS wertilis x gadaadg-
ilebas ukavSirdeba, saSualo manZili ssaS ukavSirdeba mTlian ganvlil manZils (magaliTad,
ganvlili metrebis raodenobas) mimarTulebis damoukideblad. anu
ssaS =
mTliani gavlili manZili
(2.3)
t
vinaidan ssaS saSualo siCqares mimarTulebas ar gviCvenebs, mas arc algebruli niSani aqvs.
zogjer ssaS da vsaS erTmaneTis tolia (niSans Tu ar CavTvliT). Tumca, rogorc amocanis amoxsnis 2.1 nimuSSi vnaxavT, rodesac sxeuli orjer gadis erTi da imave gzas, ssaS da vsaS erTmaneTisgan sakmaod gansxvavdeba.
Zveli
satvirTo
manqana
swor
gzaze
70 km/sT siCqariT migyavs. 8,4 km-is gavlis

Semdeg manqanas benzini gauTavda da gaCerda.
amis gamo daaxloebiT 30 wuTis ganmavloba-
2.1
Si 2 kilometri fexiT iare benzingasamarTi
sadguris sapovnelad.
a) risi tolia Seni mTliani gadaadgileba
mgzavrobis dawyebidan sadguramde?
30
wrfivi moZraoba
Tavi 2
amoxsna: davuSvaT, rom moZraoba xdeba x
`sadguri~. rogorc viciT, saSualo siC-
RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT, saTavidan
qare
(x1=0) sadguramde, romlis mdebareoba unda

iyos x2=8,4+2=10,4km. x RerZze Seni x
xazis daxrilobis tolia. vsaS aris x-is
gadaadgilebis gamosaTvlelad meore pozi-
(x
am
ori
wertilis
SemaerTebeli
=10,4km) fardoba t-ze (t=0,62sT), anu
gvaZlevs vsaS =16,8 km/sT.
cias pirveli unda gamoaklo. 2.1 formulid) warmoidgine, rom benzinis Casasxme-
dan gvaqvs:
x=x2 x1 = 10,4 0 = 10,4
(pasuxi)
maSasadame, mTliani gadaadgileba x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT iqneba 10,4 km.

b) risi tolia t drois Sualedi mgzav-
lad, fulis gadasaxdelad da ukan fexiT

dasabruneblad damatebiT 45 wuTi dagWirda. risi tolia saSualo siCqare mgzavrobis
dawyebidan benziniT manqanamde dabrune-
robis dawyebidan sadgurze misvlamde?
bamde?
amoxsna: ukve viciT, rom fexiT siarulis

dro iyo tfex= 0,50 sT, magram ar viciT manqaniT mgzavrobis dro tman. samagierod, viciT,
rom manqaniT mgzavrobisas xman gadaadgilebaa 8,4 km, xolo saSualo siCqare (vsaS.manq.)
70 km/sT. gamoviyenoT formula 2.2. saSualo
amoxsna: am SemTxvevaSic saSualo siCqa
siCqare gamoiTvleba manqaniT mgzavrobisas
re tolia mTliani ganvlili manZilis Se

fardebisa im drosTan, rac am manZilis
gavlas daWirda. mTliani manZili tolia
8,4+2+2=12,4 km-isa, mTliani dro ki

0,12+0,5+0,75=1,37 sT-isa. maSasadame,
formula 2.3 gvaZlevs
gadaadgilebis SefardebiT Sesabamis drois

monakveTTan:
vsaS.manq. =
SsaS =
xmanq.
t manq.
12,4 km
1,37 sT
= 0.12 km/sT
(pasuxi)
aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom:

xmanq.
8.4 km
=
= 0.12 sT
t manq. =
saS.manq.
70 km/sT
satvirTo manqana gaCerda
= 0.12 sT + 0.5 sT = 0.62 sT (pasuxi)

g) risi tolia Seni saSualo siCqare (vsaS)
mgzavrobis dawyebidan sadgurze misvlamde?
manq
an
siar iT
uli
t = tmanq. + tfex.
mdebareoba (km)
fexiT
ase rom,
fardobis tolia:
vsaS = x = 10.4 km
0.62 sT
t
= 16.8 km/sT 17 km/sT
grafikulad vsaS-is
dapirvelad
(pasuxi)
sapovnelad
Tav-
avagoT x(t) funqciis grafi-
x(=10,4 km)
t(=10,4 km)
ipove pasuxi ricxobrivad da grafikulad.
amoxsna: aq mTavari kvlav 2.2 formulaa:

mgzavrobis mTliani vsaS mTliani gadaadgilebisa (10,4) da mTliani drois Sualedis
b.g. sadguri
i
siarul
dro (sT)
sur. 2.5. `manqaniT siaruliT~ da `fexiT siaru

liT~ aRniSnuli xazebi, manqanis tarebis da
fexiT siarulisas mdebareobis droze damo
kidebulebis grafikebia. aTvlis wertilisa da
benzingasamarTi sadguris damakavSirebeli xazis daxriloba mTliani mgzavrobis saSualo
siCqarea.
sakontrolo
wertili
mocemul amo-
canaSi davuSvaT, rom satvirTo manqanaSi benzinis
Casxmis Semdeg x1 wertilSi
ki, rogorc es naCvenebia 2.5 suraTze, sa-
35km/sT siCqariT dabrundi. ras udris
dac
Seni saSualo siCqare mTeli mgzavrobisa-
sawyisi
da
saboloo
wertilebia,
Sesabamisad, aTvlis saTave da wertili
vis?
31
2.5 myisi siCqare

taqtika 1 : gaiziare Tu ara amocana?
3: aris Tu ara Seni pasuxi

safuZvliani?
taqtika
amosaxsneli amocana xSirad Zalian iolia da mas, ubralod, ver vigebT. saukeTeso
aqvs Tu ara azri Sens pasuxs? iqneb me-
testi amis gasagebad Semdegi kiTxvaa: Segi-
tismetad grZeli an metismetad moklea?
Zlia Tu ara amocanis pirobebis aRwera?
niSani sworia? erTeulebi? magaliTad, amo-
Camowere monacemebi da gamoiyene mocemuli paragrafis simboloebi (amocanis
canis amoxsnis 2.1 nimuSis (g) nawilSi swori

pasuxia 17 km/sT. Tu miiReb 0,00017 km/sT-s,
amoxsnis 2.1 nimuSSi monacemebis saSualebiT
17 km/sT-s, 17 km/wm-s an 17000 km/sT-s, unda
SegiZlia x ipovo gadaadgileba (a) nawilSi
mixvde, rom raRaca arasworad gaakeTe. Sec-
da Sesabamisi t drois Sualedi (b) nawilSi.
domis mizezi SeiZleba iyos amoxsnis meTo-
gansazRvre ucnobi da misi simbolo (amoca-
di, araswori gamoTvlebi an kalkulatorze
nis (g) nawilSi sapovnia vsaS saSualo siCqare).
ricxvebis araswori akrefa.
Semdeg ipove kavSiri ucnobsa da monacemebs

Soris (kavSiris amsaxveli formulaa 2.2, ro-
taqtika 4: grafikis wakiTxva

2.2, 2.3a, 2.4 da 2.5 suraTebze mocemuli
melic saSualo siCqares gansazRvravs).
grafikebis wakiTxva advilad unda SeZlo.

yvela grafikSi horizontalur RerZze t
taqtika 2: sworia Tu ara erTeulebi?

darwmundi, rom ricxvebis formulebSi
Casmis dros swor erTeulebs iyeneb. amocanis amoxsnis 2.1 nimuSSi aseTi erTeulebia
kilometri (manZilisTvis), saaTi (drois
monakveTisTvis) da kilometr/saaTi (siCqarisTvis). zogjer SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes am
erTeulebis sxva erTeulebSi gadayvana.
2.5
dro gadaiTvleba, romelic marjvena mimarTulebiT izrdeba. vertikalur RerZze gadaiTvleba moZravi wertilis x mdebareoba.
am RerZis dadebiTi mimarTuleba zemoTaa.
yovelTvis daimaxsovre erTeulebi (wamebi Tu wuTebi, metrebi Tu kilometrebi),
romelSic cvladebia mocemuli.
myisi siCqare
Tqven ukve ixileT sagnis moZraobis siswrafis aRweris ori gza: saSualo siCqare ssaS (speed)
da saSualo veqtoruli siCqare vsaS (velocity). orive maTgani t drois SualedSi izomeba. Tumca
sxeulis moZraobis siCqares ukeTesad aRwers myisi siCqare (an ubralod siCqare), romelic gviCvenebs, ra siCqariT moZraobs sxeuli drois mocemul momentSi.
myisi siCqare miiReba saSualo siCqaridan, rodesac t drois monakveTi 0-s uaxlovdeba.
vinaidan t mcirdeba, saSualo siCqare uaxlovdeba zRvrul mniSvnelobas, rac swored am momentSi siCqaris tolia:
= lim
t0
x
dx
=
t
dt
(2.4)
am formulaSi myisi siCqaris ori maxasiaTebeli Cans: 1) aris siCqare, romliTac wertilis x mdebareoba icvleba drois mocemul momentSi, rac imas niSnavs, rom aris
x-is warmoebuli t-Ti; 2) nebismier momentSi aris sxeulis mdebareobis grafikis daxriloba im wertilSi, romelic am moments Seesabameba. siCqare veqtoruli sididea da, maSasadame,
mimarTulebac aqvs.
speed* aris velocity**-is ricxviTi mniSvneloba. es niSnavs, rom speed aris velocity, oRond
mimarTulebisa da algebruli niSnis gareSe (yuradRebiT unda iyoT, speed da velocity erTmaneTisgan zogjer sakmaod gansxvavdeba). roca velocity aris +5 m/wm da 5 m/wm, speed orive SemTxvevaSi aris 5 m/wm. manqanis spidometri gviCveebs speed-s da ara velocity-s (mas mimarTulebis
gansazRvra ar SeuZlia).
*
speed [sp:d] siCqare (mxolod ricxviTi mniSvneloba)

velocity [vilositi] siCqare (rogorc ricxviTi mniSvneloba, ise mimarTuleba)
**
32
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
2.2
2.6 a suraTze mocemulia liftis kabinis
RerZs zemoTaa). sur. 2.6 a gviCvenebs, rom x
moZraobis x(t) grafiki. Tavdapirvelad lif-
marTlac izrdeba 20 m-iT am SualedSi. asea
ti uZravia, Semdeg moZraobs maRla (x RerZis
Tu ise, sur. 2.6 b ar gvauwyebs x-is mniSvnelo-
dadebiTi mimarTuleba) da Cerdeba. aage (t)
bebs Sualedis dasawyisSi da boloSi. amisT-
grafiki.
vis gvWirdeba damatebiTi informacia, rogoricaa x-is mniSvneloba raime momentSi.
amoxsna: rogorc viciT, mocemul momentSi siCqare x(t) grafikis daxrilobis tolia. x(t) grafikis daxriloba da, maSasadame,
siCqare, 0 wm-dan 1 wm-mde da 9 wm-dan zeviT
bulia. bc intervalSi daxriloba mudmivia
da ar udris nuls, vinaidan liftis kabina
mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs. aqedan gamomdinare, x(t) wrfis daxrilobas gamoviTvliT
d
c
mdebareoba (m)
nuls udris, vinaidan liftis kabina gaCere-
x= 4 m
t= 3 wm
Semdegnairad:
24 m - 4.0 m
x
= + 4.0 m/wm
==
t
8.0wm3.0wm
liftis
kabina
jer
moZraobas
iwyebs, Semdeg ki neldeba da Cerdeba, amitom
icvleba, rogorc es naCvenebia SualedebSi

1 wm-dan 3 wm-mde da 8wm-dan 9wm-mde. maSasa-
c
(t)-s daxriloba
siCqare (m/wm)
vinaidan
dame, 2.6 b suraTze ufro zusti grafikia
b)
a
davbrundeT, raTa Sesabamisi x(t) grafiki

migveRo (sur. 2.6 a). Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi
ver gavigebT sxvadasxva dros x-is sxvadasxva
aCqareba (m/wm2)
qveTavSi).
2.6 b suraTzea mocemuli, SegviZlia ukan
dro (wm)
mocemuli (2.6 g suraTi ganxilulia 2.6

rodesac gvaqvs iseTi grafiki, rogoric
a)
Seneleba
dadebiTi x mimarTulebiT moZraobs. es Suulia 2.6 b suraTze. aqve unda iTqvas, rom,
dro (wm)
pliusi niSnavs, rom liftis kabina

aledebi (sadac =0-s da =4 m/wm-s) gamosax-
x(t)-s daxriloba
mniSvnelobebs, vinaidan (t) grafiki mxolod
x-is cvlilebas asaxavs. drois nebismier SualedSi x-is aseTi cvlilebis sapovnelad
saWiroa gamoiTvalos (t) grafikiT miRebuli figuris farTobi am SualedisTvis. magaliTad, 3 wm-dan 8 wm-mde, rodesac liftis
kabinas 4 m/wm siCqare hqonda, x-is cvlileba
iyo
x = (4 m/wm) (8wm 3 wm) = +20 m.
(farTobi dadebiTia vinaidan (t) grafiki t
g)
sur. 2.6 a) x(t) grafiki liftis kabinisTvis, romelic
moZraobs maRla, x RerZis gaswvriv; b) (t) grafiki liftis kabinisTvis. aRsaniSnavia, rom es aris
x(t) grafikis warmoebuli ( = dx/dt); g) a(t) grafiki
liftis kabinisTvis. es aris (t) grafikis warmoebuli (a=d/dt). grafiks qvemoT figurebi gviCvenebs,
ras igrZnobs mgzavris sxeuli aCqarebebis dros.
33
2.6 aCqareba
2.3

x RerZze moZravi wertilis mdebareoba
=0+9,2 (3)(2.1)t2 = 9,2 6,3t2.
mocemulia formuliT:
x = 7.8 + 9.2t 2.1t 3
(2-6)
Arodesac t = 3,5 wm,
(2.5)
= 9,2 (6,3)(3,5)2 = 68 m/wm
x izomeba metrebSi, xolo t wamebSi. ras

udris siCqare, rodesac t=3,5 wm-s? siCqare
(Apasuxi)
rodesac t = 3,5 wm, wertili moZraobs x-is

uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT 68 m/wm siCqariT.
mudmivia Tu icvleba?
vinaidan t sidide Sedis 2.6 formulaSi, ami-
amoxsna: simartivisTvis 2.5 formulidan
tom siCqare damokidebulia t-ze da drois
erTeulebi amoRebulia, Tumca, Tu gsurT,
mixedviT icvleba.
SegiZliaT koeficientebis nacvlad daw-
3 qvemoT mocemu
li formulebi gvaZlevs wertilis x(t)
mdebareobas oTx SemTxvevaSi (yovel for
mulaSi x izomeba metrebSi, t wamebSi,
sakontrolo wertili
eroT 7,8 m, 9,2 m/wm da 2,1 m/wm3. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom siCqare aris x(t) mdebareobis funqciis pirveli xarisxis warmoebuli.
aqedan gamomdinare, vwerT:
t>0): (1) x = 3t2; (2) x=4t22; (3) x = 2/t2

da (4) x=2. a) romel SemTxvevaSia wertilis siCqare mudmivi? b) romel SemTxvevaSia x-is uaryofiTi mimarTulebis?
d
dx
3
= dt = dt (7.8+9.2t2.1t ),
saidanac gamomdinareobs
2.6
aCqareba
rodesac wertilis siCqare icvleba, amboben, rom wertili ganicdis aCqarebas (anu Cqardeba). RerZis gaswvriv moZraobis dros asaS (saSualo aCqareba) t drois SualedSi tolia:
asaS =
2 - 1
=
t
t2 - t1
(2-7)
sadac 1 aris wertilis siCqare t1 droSi da 2 t2 droSi. myisi aCqareba (an ubralod aCqareba)
aris siCqaris warmoebuli droiT:
a=
d
dt
(2-8)
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, wertilis aCqareba nebismier momentSi aris tempi, romliTac siCqare am momentSi icvleba. grafikulad, aCqareba nebismier wertilSi aris (t) grafikis daxriloba am wertilSi.
SegviZlia SevaerToT formulebi 2.8 da 2.4 da davweroT
d
d 2x
d
dx
(2-9)
=
=
dt
dt
dt
dt 2
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, wertilis aCqareba nebismier momentSi aris misi x(t) mdebareobis
a=
meore xarisxis warmoebuli droiT.

aCqarebis erTeulia m/wm2. amocanebSi SeiZleba SegxvdeT sxva erTeulebi, magram forma
manZili/dro2 daculi iqneba. aCqarebas gaaCnia rogorc ricxviTi mniSvneloba, aseve mimarTuleba (e.i. veqtoruli sididea). misi algebruli niSani aRniSnavs x RerZis gaswvriv mimarTulebas, rogorc es iyo gadaadgilebisa da siCqaris SemTxvevaSi. es niSnavs, rom dadebiTi
mniSvnelobis aCqareba mimarTulia RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT, xolo uaryofiTi mniSvnelobisa uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT.
2.6 g suraTze mocemulia aCqarebis grafiki liftisa, romlis moZraobac ganxiluli
iyo amocanis 2.2 nimuSSi. Seadare a(t) grafiki (t) grafiks. yoveli wertili a(t) grafikze
gviCvenebs (t) grafikis warmoebuls (daxrilobas) Sesabamis momentSi. rodesac mudmivia
34
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
(0 an 4 m/wm-is SemTxvevaSi), warmoebuli da, maSasadame, aCqareba nulis tolia. rodesac liftis kabina moZraobas iwyebs, (t) grafiks aqvs dadebiTi warmoebuli (daxriloba dadebiTia),
rac niSnavs, rom a(t) dadebiTia. rodesac liftis kabina Cerdeba, (t) grafikis warmoebuli da
daxriloba uaryofiTia da, maSasadame, a(t)-c uaryofiTia.
amis Semdeg Seadare (t) grafikis daxrilobebi aCqarebis or periodSi. liftis SenelebasTan dakavSirebuli daxriloba ufro cicaboa, vinaidan gaCerebas orjer ufro naklebi dro
dasWirda, vidre siCqaris matebas. cicabo daxriloba niSnavs, rom Senelebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba ufro maRalia, vidre aCqarebisa, rogorc es naCvenebia 2.6 g suraTze.
sur. 2.7. polkovniki j.p. stapi Cqa
is, rasac liftis kabinaSi igrZnob, zemoT mocemul
rosnul kameraSi, rodesac is aRwevs Zalian maRal siCqares da Semdeg wrafadve muxruWdeba.
suraTzea naCvenebi. rodesac kabina aCqardeba, geCveneba,

TiTqos zevidan gawvebian, xolo rodesac kabina damuxruWebas iwyebs, iseTi grZnoba giCndeba, TiTqos zeviT geqaCebian. am mdgomareobebs Soris ki bevrs arafers igrZnob.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Seni sxeuli reagirebs aCqarebaze da ara siCqareze. rodesac 90 km/sT
siCqariT moZrav manqanaSi an 900 km/sT-iT mfrinav TviTmfrinavSi xar, Seni sxeuli moZraobas ver grZnobs. Tumca, Tu manqana an TviTmfrinavi swrafad Seicvlis siCqares, maSin araTu
mkveTrad igrZnob, aramed SegeSindeba kidec. gasarTob atraqcionebze mZafri SegrZnebebi
swored siCqaris swrafi cvlilebiTaa gamowveuli. ufro saintereso magaliTi mocemulia 2.7
suraTze, rodesac Cqarosnuli kamera swrafad aaCqares da Semdeg mkveTrad daamuxruWes.
didi aCqarebebi zogjer gamoisaxeba g erTeulebSi:
1g=9,8 m/wm2
(2.10)
(g aris dedamiwaze Tavisufali vardnisas sxeulis aCqareba. amas ganvixilavT 2.9 TavSi).
atraqcion `rusul mTebze~ SeiZleba ganicado aCqareba daaxloebiT 29 m/wm2-mde, rac namdvilad amarTlebs am atraqcionis Rirebulebas.

taqtika
5 : aCqarebis niSani
zogadad, aCqarebis niSans aramecnieruli

mniSvneloba aqvs: dadebiTi aCqareba niSnavs,
rom sxeulis siswrafe imatebs, xolo uar
yofiTi aCqareba niSnavs, rom siCqare klebulobs (sxeulis moZraoba neldeba). Tumca, am
wignSi aCqarebis niSani mimarTulebas aRniSnavs da ara siCqaris klebas an matebas.
magaliTad, Tu manqana, romlis sawyisi
siCqarea =25 m/wm, damuxruWda da gaCerda
5 wamSi, maSin asaS = + 5 m/wm2. aCqareba dadebiTia, Tumca manqanis siCqarem daiklo. mizezi
niSnebs Soris gansxvavebaa: aCqarebis mimarTuleba siCqaris sawinaaRmdegoa.
niSnebis gagebis swori gza aseTia:
Tu sxeulis siCqarisa da aCqarebis niSnebi

erTnairia, maSin siCqare izrdeba (matulobs
ricxviTi mniSvneloba). Tu niSnebi sxvadasxvaa siCqaris sidide mcirdeba mcirdeba.
vombati* moZraobs x RerZis gaswvriv. ipove aCqarebis

niSani, Tu is moZraobs: a) dadebiTi mimarTulebiT da siCqare izrdeba; b) dadebiTi mimarTulebiT da siCqare mcirdeba;
g) uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT da siCqare
izrdeba; d) uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT da
sakontrolo wertili
siCqare mcirdeba.
vombati CanTosani cxoveli. gavrcelebulia av

straliasa da axal zelandiaSi.
*
35
2.7 TanabaraCqarebuli moZraoba: gansakuTrebuli SemTxveva

wertilis mdebareobis cvlileba (sur. 2.1)
2.4
qariT, anu x RerZis uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT. wertilis aCqarebaa a(0)=0, vinaidan siC-
mocemulia formuliT
x = 4 27t + t3
qare ar icvleba.
a) ipove wertilis siCqarisa da aCqarebis fun-
rodesac 0 < t < 3, wertils kvlav uaryo
qciebi (t) da a(t).
fiTi siCqare aqvs da, maSasadame, uaryofiTi
amoxsna: (t) siCqaris funqciis misaRebad

vpoulobT x(t) funqciis warmoebuls droiT.
mimarTulebiT moZraobs. Tumca, aCqareba
Cvens SemTxvevaSi
= 27 + 3t2
(pasuxi)
a(t) aCqarebis funqciis misaRebad vpoulobT (t) siCqaris funqciis warmoebuls

droiT, rac gvaZlevs:
a = +6 t
(pasuxi)
aRar aris 0-is toli, vinaidan izrdeba da

dadebiTia. siCqarisa da aCqarebis niSnebi
urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa, maSasadame, wertilis moZraoba neldeba.
marTlac, rogorc ukve viciT, rodesac
t = 3wm, wertili Cerdeba. rogorc vxedavT 2.1

suraTze, am dros wertili maqsimalurad aris
b) arsebobs Tu ara dro, rodesac = 0-s?
daSorebuli aTvlis wertilidan marcxniv.
amoxsna: (t) = 0-is Casma mogvcems

0 = 27 + 3t2, aqedan gamomdinare, t = 3 wm.
g) aRwere wertilis moZraoba t 0-sTvis.
RebT, rom wertilis pozicia aris x=50m.
amoxsna: SeviswavloT x(t), (t) da a(t) funqciebi. rodesac t=0, wertili imyofeba x(0)=
+ 4m wertilSi da moZraobs (0)=27m/wm siC-
2.7
Tu x(t) gamosaxulebaSi CavsvamT t=3wm, mivimisi aCqareba kvlav dadebiTia.

rodesac t>3, wertili marjvniv moZra
obs. misi aCqareba dadebiTia da izrdeba. siCqare axla ukve dadebiTia da misi ricxviTi
mniSvnelobac izrdeba.
TanabaraCqarebuli moZraoba: gansakuTrebuli SemTxveva

,m
mis Tanabaria. magaliTad, SegiZlia manqanis aCqareba daaxloebiT Tanabari tempiT, rodesac SuqniSanze wiTels mwvane
cvlis. Seni moZraobis, siCqarisa da aCqarebis grafikebi
2.8 suraTze mocemuli grafikebis msgavsi iqneba (gaiTval-
mdebareoba
mravali saxis moZraobis dros aCqareba sruliad an TiTq-
daxriloba icvleba
iswine, rom 2.8 g suraTze a(t) Tanabaria, risTvisac, 2.8 b su-
a)
raTze (t)-s unda hqondes Tanabari daxriloba). mogvianebiT,

biT Tanabari iyos.
msgavsi SemTxvevebi imdenad xSiria, rom gamoyvanil iqna
formulebis specialuri jgufi. am formulebis miRebis
siCqare
Tu manqanas daamuxruWeb, aCqareba aseve SeiZleba daaxloe-
daxriloba = a
erT-erTi meTodi naCvenebia am TavSi, xolo meore meTodi

mocemulia Semdeg TavSi. orive Tavis wakiTxvisas da saSinao
b)
sur. 2.8 a) TanabaraCqarebulad moZravi wertilis mdebareoba x(t); b) wertilis siCqare (t) mocemuli x(t) grafikis TiToeul wertilSi daxrilobis Sesabamisad; g) wertilis aCqareba (Tanabari), tolia (t) grafikis
(mudmivi) daxrilobisa.
aCqareba
davalebebis Sesrulebisas gaiTvaliswine, rom es formule-
daxriloba = 0
g)
, wm
36
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
bi gamosadegia mxolod Tanabari aCqarebis dros (an situaciebSi, rodesac aCqarebis mniSvneloba miaxloebulia TanabarTan).
rodesac aCqareba Tanabaria, saSualo aCqareba da myisi aCqareba erTmaneTis tolia. amis
gamo formula 2.7 SegiZlia Semdegnairad SevcvaloT:
- 0
a = asaS = t - 0
aq 0 aris siCqare, rodesac t=0, xolo siCqare nebismieri momdevno t-sTvis. Cven SegviZlia es formula gadavweroT, rogorc
= 0 +at.
(2.11)
Sesamowmeblad gaiTvaliswineT, rom rodesac t = 0, = 0. Semdgomi SemowmebisTvis ga-
vawarmooT 2.11 toloba. miviRebT: d/dt=a, rac a-s gansazRvrebaa. 2.8 b suraTze naCvenebia
formula 2.11-is (t) funqciis grafiki. funqcia wrfivia da, maSasadame, grafikic wrfea.
aseTive xerxiT SegviZlia gadavweroT formula 2.2 (aRniSvnebSi mcireodeni cvlile
bebiT):
saidanac viRebT:
vsaS =
x x0
t0
x = x0 + vsaSt,
(2.12)
sadac x0 wertilis mdebareobaa t = 0 momentSi, xolo vsaS saSualo siCqare drois rome-
lime monakveTSi (vTqvaT, t = 0-sa da romelime momdevno t-s Soris).
formula 2.11-Si mocemuli siCqaris wrfivi funqciisTvis, saSualo siCqare drois nebismier monakveTSi (vTqvaT, t = 0-sa da romelime momdevno t-s Soris) aris sawyis siCqaresa (0) da
drois monakveTis bolos wertilis siCqaris () saSualo mniSvneloba. t = 0-dan t-mde saSualo
siCqare iqneba
vsaS =
1 ( + ).
2 0
(2.13)
formula 2.11-is marjvena nawilis gardaqmnis Sedegad viRebT:
vsaS = 0 +
formula 2.14-is 2.12-Si CasmiT miviRebT:
1
2
at
xx0=0t+ 1 at 2
2
(2.14)
(2.15)
Sesamowmeblad gaiTvaliswineT, rom t = 0 momentSi x = x0. amasTan, formula 2.15-is gawarmoeba gvaZlevs 2.11-s, rac asec unda iyos. 2.8a suraTze mocemulia formula 2.15-is grafiki.
funqcia kvadratulia da amitom es grafiki mrudia.
formulebi 2.11 da 2.15 TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis ZiriTadi formulebia. maTi
gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia Tanabar aCqarebasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri amocanis amosaxsnelad. amasTanave, SegviZlia gamoviyvanoT sxva formulebi, romlebic gamosadegi iqneba
garkveul specifikur situaciebSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanabar aCqarebasTan dakavSirebul
amocanebSi SeiZleba Sediodes 5-mde sidide xx0, , t, a da 0. Cveulebriv, erT-erTi sidide
aseT amocanaSi ar monawileobs, arc cnobili da arc ucnobi sididis saxiT. amitom, gvaqvs
sami mocemuli sidide da unda movZebnoT meoTxe.
formulebSi 2.11 da 2.15 oTxi aseTi sididea, Tumca es oTxeuli erTnairi rodia. formula 2.11-Si ar gvaqvs gadaadgileba xx0, formula 2.15-Si siCqare . es formulebi SegviZlia
SevaerToT sami gziT, raTa gamoviyvanoT sami damatebiTi formula, romelTagan TiToeuli
Seicavs sxvadasxva àrarsebul cvlads~. pirvel rigSi gamovricxoT t:
2 = 20 + 2a(xx0)
(2.16)
es formula gamosadegia, roca ar viciT t da mis povnas arc gvTxoven. meore rigSi gamovricxoT a aCqareba, raTa miviRoT formula, sadac a ara gvaqvs:
xx0= 1 (0 + )t
2
dasasruls, gamovricxoT 0:
(2.17)
37
2.7 TanabaraCqarebuli moZraoba: gansakuTrebuli SemTxveva

xx0 = t 1 at 2
2
(2.18)
yuradReba miaqcieT am formulasa da formula 2.15-s Soris arsebul mcire gansxvavebas.

erTi Seicavs sawyis siCqares 0-s, xolo meore siCqares t droSi.
cxrili
2.1
2.1 cxrilSi CamoTvlilia Ta
TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis formulebi
nabari
aCqarebiT
moZraobis
ZiriTadi formulebi (2.11 da

formulis
Nnomeri
formula
ararsebuli
cvladi
2-11
= 0 + at
x - x0
2.15) da maTgan miRebuli sxva

formulebi. TanabaraCqarebul
moZraobasTan
dakavSirebuli
2-15
x x 0 = 0t +
1 2
2 at
2-16
= 0 + 2a(x x0)
2-17
x x0 = 12 (v + v0)t
Tan gaqvs). airCie
2-18
x x0 = vt
1 2
2 at
romelSic ucnobi sidide amo-
martivi amocanis amosaxsnelad

SegiZlia
gamoiyeno
am
siaSi
mocemuli formulebi (Tu sia
canaSi
* sanam cxrilSi mocemul formulebs gamoiyeneb, darwmundi, rom aCqareba marTlac Tanabaria
ufro
formula,
sapovneli
martivia
formulebi
2.11
cvladia.
daimaxsovro
da
2.15
da
gamoiyeno isini, rodesac dagWirdeba. magaliTi mocemulia

amocanis amoxsnis 2.5 nimuSSi.
sakontrolo wertili
mocemuli formulebi gansazRvravs wertilis x(t) mdebareobas
oTx SemTxvevaSi: 1) x=3t4; 2) x=5t3+4t2+6; 3) x=2/t2 4/t; 4) x=5t23. romel SemTxvevas

Seesabameba 2.1 cxrilis formulebi?
policiis danaxvisas sakuTar porSes

amuxruWeb 100 km/sT siCqaridan 80 km/sT-mde
TanabaraCqarebulad da am dros 88 m-s ga-
2.5
formulisTvis.
t ucnobis gamosaricxad gamoviyenoT

formula 2.11 da davweroT:
t= a 0
dixar.
a) risi tolia aCqareba?
amoxsna: warmovidginoT, rom moZraoba

xdeba x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT. si-
Tu am gamosaxulebas CavsvamT 2.15 formulaSi, miviRebT:

x - x0 = 0 - 0 + 1 a - 0
2
a
a
martivisTvis, damuxruWebis dawyebis mdebareobad miviCnioT x0, xolo drod t=0.

unda gavixsenoT, rom Tanabari aCqarebis
dros manqanis aCqareba SeiZleba davukavSiroT siCqares da gadaadgilebas ZiriTadi
formulebis saSualebiT (2.11 da 2.15). sawyisi siCqare 0=100 km/sT=27,78 m/wm, gadaadg-
ileba xx0=88 m-s, xolo siCqare Senelebis

Semdeg = 80,0km/sT=22,22 m/wm. ar viciT a
aCqareba da t dro, romelic saWiroa orive
(2.19)
CavsvaT cnobili sidieebi da gamoviTvaloT a:
a=
2 - 20
2(x x0)
(22,22 m/wm)2 - (27,78 m/wm)2
2(88 m)
= - 1.58 m/wm2
(pasuxi)
gaiTvaliswine, rom a-s gamosaTvlelad

SegveZlo formula 2.16-is gamoyeneba, vinaidan t ucnobi am formulaSi ara gvaqvs.
38
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
b) ra dro dasWirda siCqaris mocemuli
Tu siCqares gadaaWarbe da Semdeg misi
sididiT Semcirebas?
Semcireba scade, gaxsovdes, rom policiels
amoxsna: ukve viciT a da SegviZlia gamovi

yenoT formula 2.19 t-s mosaZebnad:
22,22 m/wm - 27,78 m/wm

t= a 0 =
- 1,58 m/wm2
= 3,519 wm 3,52 wm
(pasuxi)
uamravi dro rCeba Seni siCqaris gasazomad.

taqtika
6: Seamowme erTeulebi
siCqare aris manZili Sefardebuli drosTan, xolo aCqareba manZili Sefarde-
Teulebis
Sesamowmeblad
gaiTvaliswine,
rom x-isa da x0-is ganzomileba aris manZili,
roca formulaSi eWvi gepareba, erTeulebi
0t-s (manZili/dro)t(dro), rac Sekvecis

1
Semdeg aseve manZilia. 2 at2-s ganzomilebaa
(manZili/dro2)(dro2), rac aseve manZilia.
Seamowme.
maSasadame formula sworia.
buli drois kvadratTan. nebismier formulaSi yvela erTeuli erTnairi unda iyos.
1
formula 2.15-Si (xx0=0t+ 2 at2) er-
2.8
kidev erTxel TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis Sesaxeb
2.1 cxrilSi pirveli ori formula ZiriTadia da maTgan gamomdinareobs danarCeni. es

ori formula SeiZleba miviRoT aCqarebis integraliT, im pirobiT, rom a mudmivia. formula
2.11-is misaRebad gadavweroT aCqarebis gansazRvreba (2.8), rogorc
d = adt
Semdeg davweroT ganusazRvreli integrali orive mxares:
d = a dt
vinaidan a aCqareba mudmivia (Tanabaria), misi gamotana integralidan SeiZleba. Semdeg miviRebT
an
d = a dt
= at + C
(2.20)
integrirebis C mudmivas gamosaTvlelad, davuSvaT, rom t= 0 da am momentSi = 0. CavsvaT es mniSvnelobebi formula 2.20-Si, miviRebT
0 =(a)(0)+C=C
CavsvaT es formula 2.20-Si da miviRebT formula 2.11-s.

formula 2.15-is misaRebad gadavweroT siCqaris gansazRvreba (formula 2.4), rogorc
dx=dt
orive mxares davweroT ganusazRvreli integrali:
dx = dt
zogadad, ar aris mudmivi, ase rom, misi gamotana integralidan ar SeiZleba. Tumca, -s
Secvla SegviZlia formula 2.11-iT:
dx = (0 + at) dt
vinaidan 0 da a aCqareba mudmivia, formula SeiZleba gadaiweros aseTi saxiT:
2.9 Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba

dx = 0 dt+a t dt
integralis aReba mogvcems
x = 0t+ 1 at 2 + C,
2
(2.21)
sadac C integrebis kidev erTi mudmivaa. t=0 momentSi x = x0. CavsvaT es mniSvnelobebi
formula 2.21 da miviRebT x0=C. formula 2.21-Si C SevcvaloT x0-iT, miviRebT formula
2.15-s.
2.9
Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba
Tu odesme raime sagani maRla agigdia an zevidan qveviT Camogigdia, SeniSnavdi, rom vardnisas sxeulis aCqareba Tanabaria. am aCqarebas Tavisufali vardnis
aCqareba ewodeba da misi ricxviTi mniSvneloba warmodgenilia g simboloTi. aCqareba ar aris damokidebuli sxeulis iseT maxasiaTeblebze, rogoricaa masa, simkvrive an
forma. is Tanabaria nebismier i sxeulisTvis.
Tavisufali vardnis aCqarebis ori magaliTi mocemulia 2.9 suraTze. aq gamosaxulia vaSlisa da bumbulis
stroboskopuri fotoebi. vinaidan es sxeulebi miwaze
ecema, amitom maTi aCqareba orive SemTxvevaSi g-s tolia.
maSasadame, maTi siCqare erTi da imave tempiT imatebs da
miwaze orive erTdroulad ecema.
g-s mniSvneloba mcirediT icvleba sxvadasxva ganedsa

da simaRleze. dedamiwis Sua ganedebze g zRvis doneze
udris 9,8 m/wm2-s. am wignSi mocemuli amocanebis amoxsnisas swored es ricxvi unda gamoviyenoT, Tu raime specialuri miniSneba ar arsebobs.
2.1 cxrilSi mocemuli TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis
formulebi gamosadegia dedamiwis zedapirze Tavisufali vardnis SemTxvevaSi. es niSnavs, rom isini miesadageba
vertikalurad moZrav (maRla an dabla) sagans, rodesac
haeris zemoqmedeba ugulebelyofilia. gaiTvaliswine,
sur. 2.9 bumbuli da vaSli vakuumSi
Tavisuflad vardeba Tanabari g

aCqarebiT. aCqareba zrdis manZils,
yovel momdevno gamosaxulebebs Soris. haeris ararsebobis pirobebSi
bumbuli da vaSli Zirs erTdroulad daecema.
rom Tavisufali vardnisTvis: 1) moZraobis mimarTulebebi y vertikaluri RerZis gaswvrivaa x RerZis nacvlad (es mniSvnelovania momdevno TavebSi,
rodesac horizontaluri da vertikaluri moZraoba erToblivad ganixileba); 2) Tavisufali
vardnis aCqareba uaryofiTia da mimarTulia qveviT dedamiwis centrisaken. maSasadame, formulebSi gveqneba g.
Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba dedamiwis zedapiris maxloblad aris a = g = 9,8 m/wm2,
xolo misi ricxviTi mniSvneloba aris g = 9,8 m/wm2.
warmoidgine, rom pomidori maRla aisrole sawyisi (dadebiTi) siCqariT 0 da Semdeg
isev daiWire. Tavisufali vardnis dros (xelis gaSvebidan daWeramde) pomidoris moZraobas
miesadageba 2.1 cxrilis formulebi. aCqareba yovelTvis udris 9,8 m/wm2-s, uaryofiTia da
qveviT mimarTuli. samagierod siCqare icvleba, rogorc es asaxulia formulebSi 2.11 da 2.16.
39
40
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
maRla moZraobis dros pomidvris dadebiTi siCqaris ricxviTi mniSvneloba mcirdeba, vidre
0-s ar miaRwevs. vinaidan pomidori am dros Cerdeba, amitom es misi maqsimaluri simaRlea.
daSvebis dros siCqaris (axla ukve uaryofiTi) ricxviTi mniSvneloba izrdeba.

1993 wlis 26 seqtembers deiv mandei ventilaciiT aRWurvili rkinis sferoTi ni-
2.6
Zils gadioda TiToeul wamSi. gansazRvre
misi mdebareoba yoveli wamis Semdeg.
agaras CanCqerSi daeSva da 48 m simaRlidan

gadmoxta. davuSvaT, rom misi sawyisi siCqare 0-is toli iyo da ugulebelvyoT burTze
haeris zemoqmedeba dacemis dros.
a) ramden xans gagrZelda mandeis vardna
wylis zedapiris miRwevamde?
amoxsna: unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom mandeis daSveba Tavisufali vardna iyo, maSasadame, aq 2.1 cxrilis formulebi gamogvadgeba. gavavloT y RerZi mandeis vardnis
traeqtoriis gaswvriv, y=0 iyos sawyisi
wertili, xolo dadebiTi mimarTuleba iyos
zeviT (sur. 2.10). am RerZis gaswvriv aCqareba
aris a=g, xolo wylis zedapiria simaRle
y=48m (y uaryofiTia, vinaidan (y=0)-saT-
avis qvemoTaa). davuSvaT, rom vardna daiwyo
t=0 mometSi sawyisi 0=0 siCqariT.

2.1 cxrilidan avirCevT formula 2.15s (oRond x-is nacvlad y cvladiT), vinaidan
sur. 2.10 Tavisuflad vardnili sxeulis mdebareoba, siCqare da aCqareba. am SemTxvevaSi sxeuli
rkinis sferoa, romelsac deiv mandei marTavs nia
garas CanCqerze.
is saWiro t dros Seicavs da masSi Semavali

cvladebis mniSvnelobebic viciT. miviRebT:
amoxsna: kvlav viyenebT formula 2.15-s,
y - y0 = 0t - 1 gt 2,
2
1
(9.8
m/wm2)t 2,
- 48 m - 0 = 0t 2
Tumca am SemTxvevaSi rig-rigobiT CavsvamT
da
t=1,2,3 wm-s da vipoviT
mandeis y mdebareobebs. Sedegebi naCvenebia

2.10 suraTze.
t 2 = 48/4,9,
t = 3,1 wm
mniSvnelobebs
g) ra siCqariT moZraobda mandei, rode(pasuxi)
sac wylis zedapirs miaRwia?
aRsaniSnavia, rom mandeis gadaadgileba
yy0 uaryofiTi sididea, vinaidan mandei

qveviT moZraobs anu miemarTeba y RerZis
amoxsna:
uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT. agreTve SevniS-
ladebiT da CavsvaT CvenTvis cnobili si-
noT, rom 48/4,9-s aqvs ori kvadratuli fes-
dideebi:
vi: 3,1 da -3,1. Cven avirCieT dadebiTi fesvi,

vinaidan mandei wylis zedapirs namdvilad
t=0 momentSi vardnis dawyebis Semdeg aRw-
sawyisi
monacemebiT
siCqaris
sapovnelad gadavweroT formula 2.16 y cv-
2 = 02 - 2g (y - y0 ) = 0 - (2) (9.8 m/wm2) (- 48 m),

ase rom,
= - 30.67 m/wm - 31 m/wm = - 110 km/sT
(pasuxi)
evs.
b) mandeim SeZlo daeTvala Tavisufali
vardnis sami wami, magram ver dainaxa ra man-
uaryofiTi fesvi im mizeziT avirCieT,

rom siCqares uaryofiTi mimarTuleba aqvs.
2.9 Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba

d) ra siCqariT moZraobda mandei yovel
= 0 - (9.8 m/wm2 (1.0 wm) = - 9.8 m/wm.
wams? grZnobda Tu ara is siCqaris zrdas?

amoxsna: sawyisi monacemebiT siCqareebis
sapovnelad, amocanis b) nawilSi miRebuli
mdebareobebis mniSvnelobaTa gamoyenebis
gareSe,
davuSvaT,
rom
formula 2.11-Si
a=g, da rig-rigobiT CavsvaT t-s mniSvnelobebi t = 1, 2 da 3 wm. magaliTad:

= 0 - gt
(pasuxi)
sxva Sedegebi naCvenebia 2.10 suraTze.

mandei Tavisufali vardnis procesSi
iyo da siCqaris zrdas ver grZnobda, vinaidan aCqareba yovelTvis iyo -9,8 m/wm2. Tumca
mandeim mkveTrad igrZno wyalze dacema,
radgan aCqareba uecrad Seicvala (mandei gadarCa, magram didi jarimis gadaxda mouxda
daudevari qmedebisTvis).
2.7
2.11 suraTze beisbolis momwodebeli
Tu droebiT ugulebelvyofT erTeu-
burTs isvris 12 m/wm siCqariT y RerZis gas-
lebs (im pirobiT, rom isini sworia), Segvi-
wvriv.
Zlia davweroT:
4,9t2 12t + 5 = 0
a) ra dro dasWirdeba burTs maqsimaluri simaRlis misaRwevad?

amoxsna: burTs asrolidan ukan (xelSi)
dabrunebamde aqvs Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba a = g. vinaidan aCqareba Tanabaria,
amitom am moZraobas 2.1 cxrili Seesabameba.
isic unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom siCqare
maqsimalur simaRleze nulis toli unda
iyos. ase rom, viciT , a da sawyisi siCqare
kvadratuli gantolebis amoxsna gvaZlevs
t = 0,53 wm da t = 1,9 wm
(pasuxi)
aseTi momenti oria! es namdvilad ar

aris gasakviri, vinaidan burTi orjer gaivlis y = 5 m wertils, erTxel zeviT, meored
ki qveviT moZraobisas.
0 =12 m/wm, da veZebT t dros, risTvisac viy-
burTi
enebT formula 2.11-s, romelic oTx cvlads

Seicavs.
t=
0 - 12 m/wm
- 0
= 1.2 wm
(pasuxi)
=
a
- 9.8 m/wm 2
b) risi tolia burTis frenis maqsimal-
umaRles
wertilSi
uri simaRle?
amoxsna: burTis gaSvebis wertilad aviRoT
y0 = 0. davweroT formula 2.16 y cvladebiT,

CavsvaT yy0 = y da = 0 (maqsimalur simaRleze) da vipovoT y. miviRebT:
2
y=
2 - 0
0 - (12 m/wm)
=
= 7.3 m
2a
2(- 9.8 m/wm2)
(pasuxi)
zeviT moZraobis
dros a = g,
speed mcirdeba,
xolo velocity
naklebad
dadebiTi
xdeba.
vardnis dros
a = g, speed
izrdeba. xolo
velocity metad
uaryofiTi xdeba.
g) ra dro dasWirdeba burTs gaSvebis adgilidan 5m-is misaRwevad?

amoxsna: viciT 0, a=g da gadaadgileba
y y0 = 5 m. vinaidan unda vipovoT t, amitom

avirCioT formula 2.15. gadavweroT y-sTvis
da CavsvaT y0 = 0, miviRebT:
an
y = 0t - 1 gt 2,
2
5.0 m = (12 m/wm)t - (1 )(9.8 m/wm2)t 2
2
sur. 2.11. beisbolis momwodebeli burTs

haerSi isvris. Tavisufali vardnis formulebi gamosadegia rogorc zemoT, aseve
qvemoT moZravi sagnebisTvis, xolo haeris
zemoqmedeba SeiZleba ugulvebelvyoT.
41
42
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
sakontrolo wertili
a) mocemul amocanaSi, ra iqneba burTis gadaadgilebis niSani
zemoT asvlis dros, gaSvebidan umaRles wertilamde? b) ra iqneba es niSani vardnis dros,
umaRlesi wertilidan gaSvebis wertilamde? g) ra iqneba burTis aCqareba umaRles wertilSi?

taqtika
es yovelTvis asea da ar aris damokidebuli
7 : minus niSnebis mniSvneloba
sxeulis
2.6 da 2.7amocanebSi SemoviReT vertikal-
zeviT, ise qveviT moZraobis dros.
y = 0 wertili aviReT. 2.6 amocanaSi aTvlis

wertili vardnis dawyebis wertili, xolo 2.7
taqtika
amocanaSi beisbolis burTis momwodeblis
pasuxebs, rogorc moxda, magaliTad, 2.7g
rom sxeuli imyofeba aTvlis wertils qvemoT.
amocanaSi. Tu miiRe ufro meti pasuxi, vidre
uaryofiTi siCqare niSnavs, rom sxeuli moZ-
elodi, nu uaryof im pasuxebs, romelic,
raobs y RerZis uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT anu
erTi
qveviT. es yovelTvis asea, ganurCevlad imisa,
sxeulis
Seusabamoa.
yuradRebiT
fizikuri
mniSvnelobe-
mniSvnelobac ki SeiZleba raimes niSnavdes.
rodesac amocana sxeulebis vardnas Seexeba.

erTad
maTi
bi. Tu Seni cvladi droa, misi uaryofiTi
aCqarebas uaryofiTs virCevT (9,8m/wm2),
msvlelobasTan
SexedviT,
gamoikvlie
sad mdebareobs sxeuli.
rom
8: moulodneli pasuxebi
maTematika xSirad iZleva moulodnel
xeli. y-is uaryofiTi mniSvneloba niSnavs,
niSnavs,
da
uaryofiTia (qveviTaa mimarTuli) rogorc
Tad avirCieT. Semdeg y RerZis aTvlis saTaved
aCqareba
siswrafesa
mimarTulebaze. 2.7 amocanaSi burTis aCqareba
uri RerZi y da misi zeda mimarTuleba dadebi-
uaryofiTi
mdebareobaze,
uaryofiTi dro, ubralod, aris dro t = 0 mo-
drois
mentamde, rodesac drois aTvla daiwyo.
velocity
naklebad dadebiTi an metad uaryofiTi xdeba.
2.10
grafikuli integrali moZraobis SeswavlaSi
rodesac mocemuli gvaqvs sxeulis aCqarebis droze damokidebulebis grafiki, misi integrirebiT SegviZlia vipovoT sxeulis siCqare drois nebismier momentSi. vinaidan a aCqareba
ganisazRvreba, rogorc dv , amitom
dt
1 - 0 =
t1
t0
a dt
(2.22)
gamosaxulebis marjvena mxare gansazRvruli integralia (gvaZlevs ricxviT Sedegs da

ara funqcias), 0 aris siCqare t0 momentSi, xolo 1 - siCqare t1 momentSi. gansazRvruli integrali SeiZleba gamoviTvaloT a(t) grafikidan, rogorc es 2.12 a suraTzea. kerZod:
t1
t0
a dt =
aCqarebis mrudiTa da t0-dan t1-mde

drois RerZiT SemosazRruli
figuris farTobi
(2.23)
Tu aCqarebis erTeulia 1 m/wm2, xolo droisa 1 wm, maSin farTobis sidide grafikze iqneba
(1 m/wm2) (1 wm) = 1 m/wm, rac, arsebiTad, siCqaris erTeulia. rodesac aCqarebis grafiki drois
RerZs zemoTaa, farTobi dadebiTia, xolo rodesac aCqarebis grafiki drois RerZs qvemoTaa
uaryofiTi.
43
2.10 grafikuli integrali moZraobis SeswavlaSi

analogiurad, vinaidan siCqare ganisazRvreba,
= dx/dt, amitom
x1 - x0 =
t1
t0
farTobi
(2.24)
v dt,
sadac x0 aris mdebareoba t0 momentSi, xolo x1t1 mo-
t0
mentSi. formula 2.24-is marjvena mxares gansazRvruli

integrali SeiZleba gamoviTvaloT (t) grafikidan, ro-
t1
a)
gorc es naCvenebia 2.12 b suraTze. kerZod:
farTobi
t1
farTobi siCqaris mrudsa da

v dt = drois RerZs Soris t -dan t -mde (2.25)
0
1
t0
t0
Tu siCqaris erTeulia 1 m/wm, xolo droisa - 1 wm,

farTobis sidide grafikze iqneba
t1
b)
sur. 2.12. farTobi grafiksa da hor-
t0a aCqarebis t
(1 m/wm) (1 wm) = 1 m,
izontalur drois RerZs Soris
dan t1-mde naCvenebia: a)

droze damokidebulebis grafikisT-
rac, arsebiTad, manZilisa da gadaadgilebis erTeulia. farTobi dadebiTia Tu uaryofiTi, ganisazRvreba

iseve, rogorc 2.12 a suraTze mocemuli a(t) grafikisT-
vis; b)
vis aRvwereT.
siCqaris t droze damokidebu-
lis grafikisTvis.
2.8
anebis Seswavlis mizniT moxalise qamriT

miabes manqanaSi, romelsac Sejaxebis simulaciisTvis uknidan daejaxa 10,5 km/sT-iT
moZravi meore manqana. 2.13 a suraTze moce-
aCqareba (m/wm2)
zurgidan Sejaxebis dros kisris dazi

Tavi
mkerdi
mulia moxalisis mkerdisa da Tavis aCqareba Sejaxebis dros, romelic t = 0 momentSi

daiwyo. mkerdis aCqareba savarZlis zurgma
40 mwm-iT Seayovna, xolo Tavis aCqareba kidev

70 mwm-s Semdeg daiwyo. rogori iyo mkerdis
siCqare, rodesac Tavma aCqareba daiwyo?
amoxsna: SegviZlia gamovTvaloT sxeulis

siCqare nebismier momentSi, Tu vipoviT farTobs mkerdis aCqarebis a(t) grafikze. viciT,
rom t0=0 momentSi mkerdis sawyisi siCqa-
re 0 = 0. unda gavigoT sxeulis 1 siCqare
t1=110mwm dros anu im momentSi, roca Tavi

aCqarebas iwyebs.
SevaerToT formulebi 2.22 da 2.23 da
davweroT
farTobi aCqarebis grafiksa da

10= drois RerZs Soris t0-dan t1-mde
dro, mwm
(a)
C
t
(b)
a(t) funqciis grafiki uknidan Sejaxebis simulaciis dros;

b) grafiksa da drois RerZs Soris figuris farTobis
gamoTvla.
sur. 2.13. a) moxalisisa Tavis da mkerdis
simartivisTvis grafiksa da RerZs Soris

miRebuli figura sam nawilad davyoT (sur.
2.13 b). pirvel nawils (0-dan 40 mwm-mde) farTobi ar gaaCnia:
(2.26)
farTobi A = 0
meore nawils, 40-dan 100 mwm-mde, samkuTxedis forma aqvs, romlis farTobia
44
wrfivi moZraoba
Tavi 2
1
anu
farTobi B = 2 (0,060 wm)(50 m/wm2)

= 1,5 m/wm
1 = 2 m/wm = 7,2 km/sT
(pasuxi)
Tavis moZraobis dawyebisas mkerds ukve
mesame nawils, 100-dan 110 mwm-mde, marTkuTxedis forma aqvs, romlis farTobia
aqvs 7,2 km/sT siCqare. mecnierebi amtkiceben, rom uknidan Sejaxebis dros siCqareeb-
farTobi C = (0,010 wm)(50 m/wm2) = 0,5 m/wm
Si swored es gansxvaveba iwvevs kisris da-
am mniSvnelobebisa da 0-is 2.26 formu-
zianebas. Tavis ukan gadavardna mogvianebiT
laSi CasmiT miviRebT:
xdeba da, rom ara savarZlis Tavmisadeblebi,

dazianeba ufro mZime iqneboda.
10=0+1,5m/wm + 0,5 m/wm,
mdebareoba. wertilis x mdebareoba
aTvlis saTavis mimarT am wertilis ganla-
damokidebulia am monakveTSi wertilis mier

ganvlil manZilze:
gebaze metyvelebs. mdebareoba dadebiTi
ssaS =
an uaryofiTia imis mixedviT, Tu saTavis
si siCqare (an, ubralod, siCqare) aris
RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebaa saTavidan
= lim
dadebiTi ricxvebis zrdadi mimarTuleba,

xolo uaryofiTi mimarTuleba _ sawinaaRmdego mimarTuleba.
gadaadgileba. wertilis x gadaadgileba aris mdebareobis cvlileba
x = x2 _ x1
(2.1)
t0
mimarTulebiT gadaadgilda, da uaryofiTia, Tu wertili uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT

gadaadgilda.
saSualo siCqare. (velocity) rodesac

wertilis mdebareoba icvleba x1-dan x2-mde
drois t=t2t1 monakveTSi, misi saSualo siCqare aris:
saS =
x
t
x2 x1
t2 t1
(2-2)
saS-s niSani asaxavs moZraobis mimarTu

lebas (saS veqtoruli sididea). saSualo
dx
x
=
t
dt
(2.4)
sadac x da t gansazRvrulia formuliT

2.2. myisi siCqare (konkretul momentSi) aris
x-is t-ze damokidebulebis grafikis daxriloba. speed aris myisi siCqaris ricxviTi
mniSvneloba.
gadaadgileba veqtoruli sididea. is

dadebiTia, Tu wertili x RerZis dadebiTi
(2.3)
t
myisi siCqare. moZravi wertilis myi-
romel mxares imyofeba wertili. mdebareoba
0-is tolia, Tu wertili aTvlis saTavezea.
mTliani manZili
saSualo aCqareba. saSualo aCqareba

tolia siCqaris cvlilebis Sefardebisa
t drois monakveTTan:
asaS =
t
(2.7)
algebruli niSani asaS-s mimarTulebas

gviCvenebs.
myisi aCqareba. a myisi aCqareba aris

(t) siCqaris pirveli xarisxis warmoebuli
da x(t) mdebareobis meore xarisxis warmoe
buli
d 2x
a = d = 2
dt
dt
(2.8, 2.9)
siCqare ar aris damokidebuli wertilis
-s t-ze damokidebulebis grafikze a aCqareba nebismier t momentSi aris grafikis
mier ganvlil manZilze, is damokidebulia
daxriloba am momentis Sesabamis wertilSi.
sawyis da saboloo mdebareobebze.
x-is t-ze damokidebulebis grafikze sa

Sualo siCqare t drois monakveTSi aris
Tanabari aCqareba. 2.1 cxrilSi mocemuli xuTi formula aRwers wertilis TanabaraCqarebul moZraobas:
daxrili swori xazi, romelic am Sualedis

sawyisi da saboloo momentebis Sesabamis
wertilebs erTmaneTTan akvSirebs.
saSualosiCqare (speed). wertilis ssaS
saSualo siCqare (speed) drois t monakveTSi
= 0 + at,
x x0 = 0t + 12 at2,
2 = 02 + 2a(x x0),
x - x0 = 12 (0 + )t,

1 2
x x0 = t - 2 at .
(2.11)
(2.15)
(2.16)
(2.17)
(2.18)
45
es formulebi gamousadegaria, rodesac aC-
aRniSvnebSi Segvaqvs ori cvlileba: 1) moZ-
qareba Tanabari ar aris.
raobas mivmarTavT vertikaluri y RerZis
aCqareba.
gaswvriv; 2) a-s CavanacvlebT g -iT, sadac
wrfivi TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobis maga-
g aris Tavisufali vardnis aCqarebis ricx-
liTia sagnis Tavisufali vardna dedamiwis
viTi mniSvneloba. dedamiwis zedapirTan ax-
zedapirisken. TanabaraCqarebuli moZrao-
los g = 9,8 m/wm2.
Tavisufali
vardnis
bis formulebi am moZraobas aRwers, magram
SekiTxvebi
1. 2.14 suraTze naCvenebia sxeulis moZraobis oTxi traeqtoria sawyisidan saboloo wertilamde drois erTsa da imave monakveTSi. es traeqtoriebi erTmaneTisgan
Tanabrad dacilebul paralelul xazebs
kveTs. daalage traeqtoriebi: a)
vsaS mixed-
viT; b) ssaS -s mixedviT dididan mcireze.
2. 2.15 suraTze mocemulia wertilis mde-
bareobis t droze damokidebulebis grafiki.

sur. 2.14 kiTxva 1.
a) ra iqneba wertilis mdebareobis niSani,

rodesac t = 0? b) wertilis siCqare dadebi-
Tia, uaryofiTia Tu nulis tolia, rodesac t = 1 wm? g) rodesac t = 2 wm? d) rodesac
t =3wm? e) ramdenjer iqneba wertili x=0
t (s)
mdebareobaSi?
3. 2.16 suraTze naCvenebia RerZis gaswvriv moZravi wertilis siCqare. wertili
1 grafikze yvelaze maRlaa, xolo wertili

4 _ yvelaze dabla, wertilebi 2 da 6 erTsa
da imave simaRlezea. ra mimarTulebiT xde-
sur. 2.15 kiTxva 2.
ba moZraoba t=0-is dros? b) wertil 4-Si?

g) eqvsi danomrili wertilidan romelSi
icvleba moZraobis mimarTuleba? d) daalage eqvsi wertili aCqarebis ricxviTi mniSvnelobis klebadobis mixedviT.
4. mocemuli formulebi gvaZlevs wertilis (t) siCqares oTx SemTxvevaSi: a) =3;

b) =4t2+2t6; g) =3t4; d) =5t23.
sur. 2.16 kiTxva 3.
romel SemTxvevas Seesabameba 2.1 cxrilis

formulebi?
5. 2.17 suraTze mandarini maRla aagdes
d) mandarinis siCqaris cvlilebis mixed-
sami Tanabari zomis fanjris gavliT. daal-
viT.
age fanjrebi: a) maTSi mandarinis saSualo
6. rodesac t=0, x RerZis gaswvriv

ravi wertilis mdebareobaa x=20 m.
tilis 0 sawyisi siCqaris (t0 momentSi)
Tanabari aCqarebis niSnebia: 1) +, +; 2)
siCqaris (ssaS) mixedviT; b) maTi gavlis drois

mixedviT; g) maTi gavlis dros mandarinis
aCqarebis ricxviTi mniSvnelobis mixedviT;
moZwerda a
+, ;
46
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
3) , +; 4) , . CamoTvlilTagan
cxisTvis (gra
romel variantSi: a) gaCerdeba
fikebi A da B,
wertili myisierad? b) gadakveTs aTvlis saTaves? g) ar ga-
C, D da E, da
aseve F da G pa
dakveTs aTvlis saTaves?
ralelurebia).
7. lurji manqanis (80 km/sT)

mZRoli ucbad xedavs, rom wi-
9.
rodesac
t=0 da x=0,
Tel manqanas (60 km/sT) ejaxeba.
uZravi lurji
Sejaxebis
manqana
Tavidan
asacile-
iwyebs
blad, ra maqsimaluri siCqare
TanabaraCqare
unda hqondes lurj manqanas,
bul moZraobas
rodesac wiTel manqanas miuaxlovdeba?
2m/wm aCqarebiT x RerZis
8. warmoidgine, rom xidis moa-
dadebiTi mi-
D
G
sur. 2.18 kiTxva 8.
jirze gadayudebuls kvercxi
sur. 2.17
marTulebiT. rodesac t = 2 wm-s, imave mi-
gagivarda (sawyisi siCqare nu-
kiTxva 5.
marTulebiT moZravi wiTeli manqana Cauv-
lis tolia), xolo meore kver-
lis x=0 wertils 8 m/wm siCqariT da 3m/wm2
cxi ganzrax isrole. 2.18 suraTis romel
Tanabari aCqarebiT. formulebis romeli
grafikebzea gamosaxuli (t) siCqare: a) ga-
wyvili unda amoixsnas imis gasagebad, rodis
vardnili kvercxisTvis; b) nasroli kver-
gaaswrebs wiTeli manqana lurjs?
amocanebi
SSM amoxsnebi mocemulia Student Solutions Manual-Si.
www amoxsnebi mocemulia veb-gverdze
http://www.wiley.com/college/halliday
ILW
Interactive LearningWare amoxsnebi mocemulia veb-gverdze

http://www.wiley.com/college/halliday.

wertilebis raodenoba gviCvenebs amocanis sirTules
ramdenime amocanaSi davalebuli gaqvs mde-
(`vazrovneb, ese igi swrafad mivdivar!~).
bareobis, siCqarisa da aCqarebis droze
2001 wels, sem uitingemma haberis rekordi
damokidebulebis grafikis ageba. rogorc
daamxo (mis siCqares 19km/sT-iT gadaaWarba).
wesi, ubralo monaxazebi sakmarisia, Tu naT-
ra droSi gaiara uitingemma 200 m manZili?
lad Cans wrfivi funqciebi da mrudebi. Tu
3 avtomobili 40 km-s gadis 30 km/sT
kompiuteri da grafikuli kalkulatori
siCqariT. Semdeg imave mimarTulebiT kidev
gaqvs, SegiZlia grafikebis asagebad gamoiy-
40km-s gadis 60 km/sT siCqariT. a) ras udris

avtomobilis saSualo siCqare 80 km-is gavlis Semdeg? (dauSvi, rom is dadebiTi x
eno.
Tavi 2-4 saSualo velocity (vsaS) da saSualo speed (ssaS).

1 Zlieri ceminebisas Tvali 0,5 wm-iT ixuWeba. Tu ceminebis dros manqanas 90km/sT siCqariT marTav, ra manZils gaivli am droSi?
mimarTulebiT moZraobs); b) ras udris saSualo siCqare? g) aage x-is t-ze damokidebulebis grafiki da aCvene, rogor vipovoT
grafikze saSualo siCqare.
SSM WWW
rekordi ekuTvnoda kris habers. misi dro
4 manqana adis borcvze 40km/sT siCqariT da Semdeg ukan brundeba 60km/sT siC-
200 m-ze iyo 6,509 wami, razec haberma aseTi
qariT. gamoTvale mTliani mgzavrobis saSu-
komentari gaakeTa: `Cogito ergo zoom!
alo siCqare (ssaS).
2 1992 wels velosipedis siCqaris
47
5 x RerZis gaswvriv moZravi sxeulis mdebareoba mocemulia formuliT x=3t4t2+t3,
sadac x izomeba metrebSi, t wamebSi. ipove
sxeulis mdebareoba t-s mocemuli mniSvnelobebisTvis: a) 1wm; b) 2wm; g) 3wm; d) 4wm;
e) ra iqneba sxeulis gadaadgileba t=0-sa da
t=4 wm-s Soris? v) ra iqneba sxeulis saSualo
siCqare t=2 wm-dan t=4 wm-mde? z) aage x-is tze damokidebulis grafiki, rodesac 0t4,
meti iyo pirveli bilikis L1 sigrZeze. ramde-
da aCvene, rogor SeiZleba am grafikiT vipo-
gvaqvs, ratom unda moiqces Citi ase). ra man-
voT v)-s pasuxi. SSM
Zils gaivlis Citi, sanam matareblebi erTma-
6 gamoTvale Seni saSualo siCqare mocemul or SemTxvevaSi: a) miseirnob 73,2 m-is

manZilze 1,22 m/wm siCqariT da Semdeg garbixar 73,2 m-s 3,05m/wm siCqariT; b) 1 wT-is ganmavlobaSi miseirnob 1,22m/wm siCqariT da
Semdeg 1wT-is ganmavlobaSi garbixar 3,05m/wm
siCqariT; g) aage x-is t-ze damokidebulebis
neTs daejaxebian?
grafiki da aCvene, rogor unda iqnas napovni
Seni saSualo siCqaris ricxviTi mniSvneloba:
saSualo siCqare am grafikze.
a) san-antoniodan hiustonamde? b) hiustoni-
nad didi unda iyos L2 L1, raTa davaskvnaT,

rom pirveli morbenali ufro swrafia? ILW.
10 ori matarebeli 30km/sT siCqariT

moZraobs erTmaneTisken. rodesac matareblebs Soris manZili 60km-ia, 60km/sT-iT moZravi Citi erTi matareblis win frindeba,
meorisken mifrinavs da, roca meores miaRwevs, isev ukan brundeba (warmodgena ara
11 san-antoniodan hiustonisken manqaniT miemgzavrebi. drois naxevars moZraob
55km/sT siCqariT, xolo meore naxevars

90km/sT siCqariT. ukan dabrunebisas naxevar
manZils gadixar 55km/sT siCqariT, xolo
meore naxevars 90km/sT siCqariT. risi tolia
7 x RerZis gaswvriv moZravi werti-
dan san-antoniomde? g) mTeli mgzavrobis
lis mdebareobis x(t) funqciaa x=46t2,
manZilze? d) ras udris Seni saSualo veq-
sadac x izomeba metrebSi, xolo t wamebSi.
toruli siCqare (velocity) mTeli mgzavrobis
a) ra dros da b) sad gaCerdeba wertili? ra
manZilze? e) aage x-is t-ze damokidebulebis
g) uaryofiT momentSi da d) dadebiT momentSi
grafiki a)-sTvis, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
gaivlis wertili aTvlis saTaves? e) aage x-is
moZraoba x-is dadebiTi mimarTulebiT xdeba.
t-ze damokidebulebis grafiki 5 wm-dan +5

wm-mde; v) x(t) grafikis marjvniv dasaZravad
unda SevitanoT +20t Tu 20 t dro? z) Setana
gazrdis Tu Seamcirebs x-is im mniSvnelobas,
grafikze aCvene, rogor unda vipovoT saSua-
rodesac wertili Cerdeba?
8 intervius asaRebad unda gaemgzav

ro sxva qalaqSi 300km-ian Cqarosnul tra
saze. interviu daniSnulia 11:15-ze. Sen gegmav 100km/sT siCqariT moZraobas, amitom
saxlidan gadixar 8:00-ze. pirveli 100km-is
manZilze midixar 100km/sT siCqariT, magram
samSeneblo samuSaoebis gamo iZulebuli xar,
Semdegi 40km gaiaro 40km/sT siCqariT. ra min-
lo veqtoruli siCqare (velocity).
Tavi 2-5 myisi siCqare

12 a) Tu wertilis mdebareoba mocemulia formuliT x=412t+3t2 (sadac t izo
meba wamebSi, xolo x metrebSi), risi tolia
siCqare, rodesac t=1wm? b) x-is dadebiTi
Tu uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT moZraobs wertili? g) risi tolia misi siCqare am dros?;
d) siCqare izrdeba Tu mcirdeba? (Semdegi ori
kiTxvis pasuxis gacema scade gamoTvlebis
gareSe) e) arsebobs Tu ara momenti, rodesac
imaluri siCqariT moZraoba dagWirdeba dar-
siCqare nulis tolia? Tu arsebobs, daasax-
Cenil manZilze, interviuze rom ar dagagvi-
ele; v) arsebobs Tu ara momenti t=3wm-is
andes?
Semdeg, rodesac wertili x-is uaryofiTi
9 1 km manZilze Sejibrebisas pirvel

bilikze morbenali sportsmeni ufro swra
fad garbis (2wuTi da 27,95 wami), vidre meore
bilikze morbenali (2 wuTi da 28,15 wami). Tumca, meore bilikis L2 sigrZe SeiZleba odnav
mimarTulebiT moZraobs? Tu arsebobs, daasaxele.
13 x RerZis gaswvriv moZravi werti

lis
mdebareoba
mocemulia
formuliT
x=9,75+1,5t 3 , sadac t mocemulia wameb-
48
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
Si, xolo x _ santimetrebSi. gamoTvale

a) saSualo siCqare t=2 wm-dan t=3 wm-
tolia g) saS da d) asaS t=3wT-dan t = 9 wT-
mde? e) aage x-is t-ze da -s t-ze damokideb-
mde; b) myisi siCqare, rodesac t = 2 wm;
ulebis grafikebi, gansazRvre, rogor unda
g) myisi siCqare, rodesac t = 3 wm; d) myisi
miviRoT a)-s pasuxi d)-dan grafikis saSu-
siCqare, rodesac t = 2,5 wm; e) myisi siCqare,
alebiT.
rodesac wertili imyofeba sawyisi da sab-
19 x RerZis gaswvriv moZravi wertilis

mdebareoba, x = ct2_ bt3 formulis Tanaxmad,
damokidebulia droze, sadac x metrebSia,
xolo t wamebSi. ra iqneba erTeulebi: a) mudmiva c-sTvis da b) mudmiva b-sTvis? davuSvaT
oloo mdebareobebs Soris, t = 2wm da t = 3 wm;

v) aage x-is t-ze damokidebulebis grafiki da
aCvene pasuxebi grafikulad.
Tavi 2-6 aCqareba

14 a) Tu wertilis mdebareoba mocemulia formuliT x = 20 t 5t 3 (sadac x metrebSia, xolo t wamebSi), aris Tu ara wertilis
maTi ricxobrivi mniSvnelobebia, Sesabam-
siCqare nulis toli? Tu aris, rodis? b) ro-
wertili da e) risi toli iqneba misi gadaadg-
dis aris wertilis aCqareba nulis toli?
ileba? ipove wertilis siCqare Semdeg mo-
g) drois romel SualedSi (dadebiTSi Tu
mentebSi: v) 1 wm; z) 2 wm; T) 3 wm da i) 4 wm. ipove
uaryofiTSi) aris a aCqareba nulis toli?
wertilis aCqareba Semdeg momentebSi: k) 1 wm;
d) dadebiTi? e) aage grafikebi x(t), (t) da a(t).
l) 2wm; m) 3 wm da n) 4 wm.
15 garkveul momentSi wertilis siCqare iyo 18 m/wm x-is dadebiTi mimarTulebiT,
Tavi 2-7 Tanabari aCqareba: gansakuT
2,4 wm-is Semdeg ki misi siCqare gaxda 30m/wm
isad, 3 da 2. g) ra dros miaRwevs wertili

maqsimalur dadebiT x mdebareobas? 0-dan
4 wm-mde monakveTSi d) ra manZils gaivlis
SSM WWW.
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. ras udris
rebuli SemTxveva.
20 miu-mezoni (elementaruli nawilaki)
wertilis saSualo aCqareba drois am mon-
moZraobs 5106 m/wm siCqariT da Semdeg nel-
akveTSi? SSM
deba 1,251014 m/wm2 aCqarebiT. a) ra manZils
16 x RerZis gaswvriv moZravi eleqtronis
mdebareoba
mocemulia
formuliT
x=16tet , sadac t wamebSi izomeba. ra manZiliT iqneba eleqtroni daSorebuli aTvlis

wertilidan gaCerebis momentSi?
17 x RerZis gaswvriv moZravi wertilis mdebareoba mocemulia formuliT
x=12 t 2t , sadac x metrebSia, xolo t wameb2
Si. gansazRvre wertilis: a) mdebareoba,

b) siCqare da g) aCqareba, rodesac t=3wm;
gaivlis miu-mezoni gaCerebamde? b) aage x-is
t-ze da -s t-ze damokidebulebis grafikebi

miu-mezonisTvis.
21 eleqtroni moZraobs TanabarCqarebulad +3,2 m/wm2 aCqarebiT. garkveul momentSi misi siCqarea +9,6 m/wm. ras udris siCqare: a) 2,5 wm-iT adre da b) 2,5 wm-iT gvian?
22 mSral gzaze karg manqanas SeuZlia

daamuxruWos 4,92m/wm2 Tanabari aCqarebiT.
a) ra dro dasWirdeba 24,6m/wm siCqariT moZ-
d) ra maqsimalur dadebiT koordinats mi-
rav manqanas gasaCereblad? b) ra manZils
aRwevs wertili da e) ra dros? v) ra maqsim-
gaivlis am dros manqana? g) aage x-is t-ze da
alur dadebiT siCqares miaRwevs wertili da
-s t-ze damokidebulebis grafikebi.

23 davuSvaT, kosmosuri xomaldi moZ-
z) ra dros? T) ras udris wertilis aCqareba,

rodesac wertili ar moZraobs (t gansxvavebulia nulisgan); i) gansazRvre wertilis saSualo siCqare t=0-dan da t=3wm-mde.
18 t=0-dan t=5wT-mde kaci dgas,

t=5wT-dan t=10wT-mde ki moZraobs
wrfivad mudmivi siCqariT 2,2m/wm. risi tolia: a) misi saS saSualo siCqare da b) asaS saSualo aCqareba t = 2 wT-dan t = 8 wT-mde? risi
raobs Tanabari aCqarebiT 9,8m/wm2, rac frenis dros normaluri gravitaciis iluzias
qmnis. a) Tu xomaldi moZraobas daiwyebs
uZravi mdgomareobidan, ra dro dasWirdeba mas sinaTlis siCqaris (3 108 m/wm) erTi
meaTedis misaRwevad? b) ra manZils gaivlis
am drois ganmavlobaSi?
SSM.?
24 eleqtroavtomobili uZravi mdgo-
49
mareobidan 2m/wm2 Tanabari aCqarebiT moZ-
lazeruli Tofi mainc gaigebs). b) aage x-is
raobas iwyebs, aRwevs 20 m/wm siCqares, Semdeg
t-ze da -s t-ze damokidebulebis grafikebi
ki TanabarSenelebulad Cerdeba 1 m/wm2-iT. a)
SenelebisTvis.
ra dro gavida moZraobis dawyebidan gaCere-
29 liftis mTliani samoZrao manZilia
bamde? b) ra manZils gaivlis avtomobili
190 m, maqsimaluri siCqare _ 305 m/wT, xolo
dawyebidan gaCerebamde?
aCqareba _ 1,22 m/wm2. a) ra manZils gaivlis
25 0=1,5105 m/wm sawyisi siCqaris mqone
lifti maqsimaluri siCqaris miRwevamde?
eleqtroni Sedis L = 1 sm-is sigrZis kamera-
b) ra dro dasWirdeba 190 m-is SeuCereblad
Si, sadac eleqtrulad aCqardeba =5,710
gavlas?
m/wm-mde (sur. 2.19). ras udris misi aCqareba,
ILW.
30 manqana moZraobs x RerZis gaswvr-
(msgavsi
iv 900 m-is manZilze. moZraobas iwyebs x = 0
procesi mimdinareobs Zvel televizoreb-
wertilSi da amTavrebs x = 900 wertilSi.
Si).
distanciis pirvel meoTxedSi manqanis aC-
romelic
Tanabradaa
miCneuli?
SSM.
Tanabari moZraobis
monakveTi
aCqarebis
monakveTi
qarebaa +2,25 m/wm2, darCenil manZilze ki

0,75m/wm2. risi tolia: a) 900 m-is gavlis
dro? b) maqsimaluri siCqare? g) aage x mdebareobis, siCqarisa da a aCqarebis t-ze
damokidebulebis grafikebi.
eleqtronis
moZraobis
wiri
31 2.20 suraTze naCvenebia x Re-
x (m)
rZis gaswvriv TanabaraCqarebulad

maRali Zabvis
wyaro
moZravi
wertilis
moZraoba. ras udris

t (s)
wertilis aCqarebis
sur. 2.19 amocana 25
26 siCqaris msoflio rekordi ekuTvnis polkovnik jon p. staps, romelmac 1954
a) ricxviTi mniSvneloba da b) mimarTuleba?
32 warmoid-
wlis martSi reaqtiuli Zravis mqone manqan-
gine, rom manqana migyavs da mobiluri tele-
iT 1020km/sT siCqares miaRwia. manqana 1,4wm-
foniT emociurad saubrob, am dros ki Sens
Si gaCerda (ix. sur. 2.7). ramdeni g-s toli aC-
win 25 m-is daSorebiT policiis manqana mid-
qareba ganicada pilotma gaCerebisas?
is. Senc da policiac 110km/sT siCqariT moZ
27 56 km/sT siCqariT moZravi manqana 24
raobT. telefoniT laparakis gamo polici-
m-iT iyo daSorebuli barieridan, rodesac
is manqana 2 wm-is ganmavlobaSi ver SeamCnie.
mZRolma daamuxruWa. manqana bariers 2 wm-is
am 2 wamis dawyebisas policielma uecrad
Semdeg Seaskda. a) rogoria Sejaxebamde man-
daamuxruWa 5 m/wm2 aCqarebiT. a) ra manZili
qanis Tanabari aCqarebis ricxviTi mniSvn-
iqneba or manqanas Soris, roca policias
eloba? b) ra siCqare aqvs manqanas Sejaxebis
SeamCnev? warmoidgine, rom kidev 0,4 wm dag-
dros?
Wirda xifaTis gasaazreblad da amis Semdeg
SSM ILW
28 Seni manqanis muxruWebs SeuZlia
daamuxruWe. b) Tu Senc 5 m/wm2 aCqarebiT
Tanabrad Seanelos moZraoba 5,2 m/wm2-iT.
daamuxruWe, rogori iqneba Seni siCqare,
a) Tu midixar 137 km/sT siCqariT da uecrad
rodesac policiis manqanas daejaxebi?
patruli dainaxe, ra minimaluri dro dagWirdeba siCqaris 90 km/sT limitamde Sesam-
33 manqanebi A da B erTi da imave mimarTulebiT moZraobs. A manqanis x mdebareoba
cireblad? (pasuxSi Cans, rom damuxruWebas
0-dan 7 wm-mde monakveTSi mocemulia 2.21
azri ara aqvs, vinaidan siCqares radari an
suraTze. rodesac t = 0, B manqana imyofeba
wrfivi moZraoba
Tavi 2
x = 0 wertilSi, moZraobs 12 m/wm siCqariTa da

da uaryofiTi Tanabari aCqarebiT aBB. a) ras
unda udrides aB, raTa manqanebi erTmaneTis
gverdiT aRmoCndnen, rodesac t = 4 wm? b) aBs am mniSvnelobisas ramdenjer aRmoCndeba
manqanebi erTmaneTis gverdiT? g) aage x mde-
v (m/wm)
50
t (s)
bareobis t droze damokidebulebis grafiki
B manqanisTvis. ramdenjer aRmoCndeba manqanebi gverdigverd, Tu aBB aCqarebis ricxviTi

mniSvneloba d) metia da e) naklebia a) kiTxvis pasuxze?
36 2.23 suraTze, wiTeli da mwvane manqana erTmaneTis mimarTulebiT moZraobs
x RerZis paralelurad. rodesac t=0, wiTeli manqana xwT=0 wertilSia, xolo mwvane
- xmw=200m wertilSi. Tu wiTeli manqana
moZraobs 20km/sT mudmivi siCqariT, manqax (m)
nebi erTmaneTs Cauvlian x = 44,5 m wertilSi,

xolo Tu 40km/sT mudmivi siCqariT, maSin x =
76,6m wertilSi. risi tolia mwvane manqanis:
a) sawyisi siCqare da b) aCqareba?
t (wm)
34 a) Tu metros matareblis mgzavrebisTvis maqsimaluri dasaSvebi aCqarebaa
37 Cqari samgzavro matarebeli moZ-
1,34m/wm , xolo metros sadgurebi ganlageb-
raobs 161 km/sT siCqariT. uecrad memanqanem
ulia 806 m-is daSorebiT, ras udris matare-
SeniSna, rom mis liandagze SecdomiT gver-
blis maqsimaluri siCqare sadgurebs Soris?
didan amave mimarTulebiT moZravi lokomo-
b) ras udris sadgurebs Soris mogzaurobis
tivi Semovida da misgan D = 676 m manZilzea.
dro? g) Tu matarebeli yovel sadgurze
lokomotivi moZraobs 29 km/sT siCqariT.
Cerdeba 20 wm-is ganmavlobaSi, ras udris
swrafi matareblis memanqanem saswrafod
matareblis maqsimaluri saSualo siCqare
daamuxruWa. a) ras unda udrides Tanabari
erTi sadguridan meoremde? d) aage x, da a-
Senelebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba Sejaxebis
s t-ze damokidebulebis grafikebi gaCerebi-
Tavidan asacileblad? b) warmoidgine, rom
dan gaCerebamde.
35 ori matareblis memanqaneebma ue-
memanqane imyofeba x = 0 wertilze da t = 0,

rodesac pirvelad dainaxavs lokomotivs.
crad SeniSnes, rom maTi matareblebi erT-
aage x(t) grafikebi lokomotivisa da swrafi
maneTis Semxvedrad moZraobs. 2.22 suraTze
matareblisTvis, rodesac Sejaxeba Tavidan
mocemulia matareblebis siCqareebi, ro-
iqneba da ar iqneba acilebuli.
gorc drois funqciebi Senelebis dros. memanqaneebma matareblebis Seneleba daiwyes,

rodesac maT Soris manZili 200 m iyo. rogori iqneba matareblebs Soris manZili gaCerebis Semdeg?
swrafi
matarebeli
lokomotivi
51
uravidan qvas isvris 12 m/wm sawyisi siCqa-
Tavi 2-9 Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba

38 xuligani 30m simaRlis Senobis saxriT. a) ra dro dasWirdeba qvas Zirs dacemisTvis? b) ra siCqare eqneba qvas dacemisas?
39 samSeneblo moedanze qanCsaWeri gad-
t (wm)
movarda da miwas 24 m/wm siCqariT daeca. a) ra
simaRlidan Camovarda qanCsaWeri? b) ramden

xans ecemoda? g) aage qanCsaWeris y-is, -s
46 2.26 suraTze naCvenebia y RerZis
da a-s t droze damokidebulebis grafikebi.
gaswvriv maRla asrolili burTis siCqa-
SSM
ris y simaRleze damokidebulebis grafiki.
40 wvimis wveTebi miwaze 1700 m simaRleze myofi Rrublidan ecema. a) rom ara
yAA simaRleze siCqarea A, xolo yBB simaRleze

1/3 A. ras udris A siCqare?
haeris winaaRmdegoba, ra siswrafe eqneboda
wveTebs miwaze dacemisas? b) usafrTxo iqneboda Tu ara wvimis dros gareT gasvla?
41 a) ra siCqariT unda iqnas burTi

dedamiwis zedapiridan asrolili, 50 m simaRles rom miaRwios? b) ramden xans iqneba
1
3 A
burTi haerSi? g) aage y-is, -s da a-s t droze

damokidebulebis
grafikebi.
pirvel
grafikze aCvene dro, rodesac burTi 50 m-s
miaRwevs. SSM WWW
42 SeSinebuli maCvi haerSi axta da
yB
yA
or
pirvel 0,2 wm-Si 0,544 m simaRles miaRwia.
47 gasaRebi gadmovarda 45 m simaRlis
a) ras udris maCvis sawyisi siCqare? b) ras
xididan da mudmivi siCqariT moZrav navze
udris siCqare 0,544 m simaRleze? g) ra si-
daeca. gasaRebis gadmovardnis momentSi
maRleze axteba maCvi?
navi dacemis adgils 12 m-iT iyo daSorebu-
43 cxeli haeriT savse burTi 12 m/wm
li. risi tolia navis siCqare? SSM ILW
siCqariT zeviT adis da dedamiwidan 80 m si-
48 uzarmazari sahaero burTi maRla
maRleze iqidan yuTi vardeba. a) ra dro das-
adis 19,6 m/wm siCqariT. am dros masze mi-
Wirdeba yuTs Zirs dasavardnad? b) ra siC-
magrebuli instrumentebis yuTi mowydeba
qariT daecema is miwaze?
da miwaze vardeba. 2.27 suraTze mocemulia
SSM
44 50 m simaRlis xididan WanWiki Cam-
yuTis vertikaluri siCqaris damokideb-
ovarda. a) ra droSi gaivlis WanWiki dacemis
uleba droze vardnis dasawyisidan miwaze
ukanasknel 20%-s? rogori iqneba misi siC-
dacemamde. a) burTidan mowyvetis wertili-
qare, b) rodesac iwyebs dacemis ukanasknel
dan ra maqsimalur simaRles miaRwevs yuTi?
20%-s, da g) rodesac miwas miaRwevs?
b) dedamiwidan ra manZilzea daSorebuli
45 t = 0 momentSi xididan trasaze pir

veli vaSli Camovarda, mogvianebiT ki imave
mowyvetis wertili?
simaRlidan meore vaSli isroles. 2.25 suraTze mocemulia vardnis dros vaSlebis
t (wm)
y mdebareobebis droze damokidebulebis

grafikebi. daaxloebiT ra siCqariT isroles
meore vaSli?
49 sveli Tixis burTi miwaze 15 m simaR-
ra dro dasWirdeba moTamaSes: a) naxtomis
lidan ecema. miwasTan Sexeba burTis srul
zeda 15 sm-is gasavlelad da b) qveda 15 sm-is
gaCerebamde 20 mwm grZeldeba. a) ras udris
gasavlelad?
burTis saSualo aCqarebis ricxviTi mniSvn-
57 saxuravidan Camovardnil rkinis burTs
eloba im periodSi, rodesac is miwas exeba?
0,125 wm dasWirda fanjaramde mosaRwevad
(burTi
wertili);
da drois am monakveTSi 1,2 m gaiara. Semdeg
b) saiT aris mimarTuli saSualo aCqareba
burTi trotuarze daeca da kvlav fanjris
zeviT Tu qveviT? SSM
win axta, rasac 0,125 wm moandoma. davuSvaT,
50 qva miwidan vertikalurad aisroles

t=0 momentSi. 1,5 wm-is Semdeg qvam maRali
rom axtoma dacemis zusti analogia. dro,
koSkis wvers Cauara da kidev erTi wamis Sem-
2wm-is tolia. ra simaRlisaa Senoba?
deg umaRles wertils miaRwia. ra simaRl-
58 Soreuli mzis
isaa koSki?
sistemis erT-erTi
51 CogburTis burTi xarisxis Sesamowme-
planetis zedapir-
blad 4m simaRlidan iatakze daagdes. burTi
idan burTi ver
(m)
wrfivi moZraoba
2m simaRleze axta. burTi iataks 12mwm-is
tikalurad aisro
Tavi 2
ganmavlobaSi exeboda. a) risi tolia Sexebis
les. 2.28 suraTze
periodSi saSualo aCqarebis ricxviTi mniS-
naCvenebia y-is t-ze
vneloba? b) zeviTaa saSualo aCqareba mimar-
damokidebulebis
Tuli Tu qveviT? SSM.
grafiki burTisT-
52 43,9 m simaRlis xididan mdinareSi qva
vis, sadac y bur-
Caagdes. 1 wamis Semdeg kidev erTi qva is-
Tis avardnis simaRlea, xolo burTis gaS-
roles vertikalurad qveviT. orive qva
vebis momentSi t = 0. ras udris a) planetaze
mdinareSi erTdroulad Cavarda. a) risi
Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba da b) burTis
tolia meore qvis sawyisi siCqare? b) aage
sawyisi siCqare?
warmoidgine,
rogorc
romelic burTma fanjris qvemoT gaatara,
t (wm)
siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafiki

TiToeuli qvisTvis. nulovani dro miiCnie
Tavi 2-10 grafikuli integrireba
pirveli qvis vardnis dawyebis drod.
53 onkanidan wyali 200 sm-iT daSorebul
moZraobis Seswavlisas
59 amocanis 2.8 nimuSSi Tavis maqsimal-
iatakze wveTavs. wveTebi drois Tanabar Su-
uri aCqarebis dros, risi tolia: a) Tavis da
aledebSi ecema da, amasTan, pirveli wveTi
b) mkerdis siCqare?
iataks maSin exeba, rodesac meoTxe wveTi
60 karatistis muSti dartymisas moZra
vardnas iwyebs. pirveli wveTis dacemisas
obas iwyebs welidan da swrafad win var-
ra manZiliT aris daSorebuli a) meore da b)
deba mxris srulad gaSlamde. 2.29 suraTze
mesame wveTi onkanidan?
naCvenebia muStis (t) siCqare. ra manZilze
54 sagani h simaRlidan ecema. manZilis
gadaadgilda muSti: a) rodesac t=50mwm da
naxevars is 1 wm-Si gadis. ipove: a) vardnis
b) rodesac muStma maqsimalur siCqares mi-
dro da b) simaRle. g) axseni, ratomaa dauS-
aRwia?
vebeli kvadratuli gamosaxulebidan miRebuli t-s mniSvneloba.
55 mTvlemare kata uecrad yvavilis qoTans xedavs, romelic Ria fanjris miRma jer
zeviT adis, Semdeg ki qveviT Camodis. qo-
v (m/wm)
52
Tani 0,5 wm-is ganmavlobaSi moCans, fanjris

simaRlea 2 m. ra manZiliT ascdeba fanjris
zeda mxares yvavilis qoTani?
56 kalaTburTeli 76 sm simaRleze axta.
t (mwm)
53
65 t = 0 momentSi kldeze mcocavs uecrad
soli Camouvarda. garkveuli xnis Semdeg
v (m/wm)
kldeze 10 m-iT maRla myofma misma partniorma soli Tavad Camoagdo. 2.32 suraTze mocemulia solebis y mdebareobebis
damokidebuleba t droze. ra siCqariTaa nas-
t (wm)
roli meore soli?
61 ra manZils gaivlis 16 wamSi morbenali,

grafiki mocemulia 2.30 suraTze?
romlis siCqaris droze damokidebulebis
62 rodesac fexburTeli Camowodebul

burTs Tavs urtyams, Tavis aCqareba SeiZleba sakmaod mniSvnelovani iyos. 2.31 suraTze
naCvenebia fexburTelis Tavis a(t) aCqareba,
SiSveli da qudiani TavisTvis. ra gansxvavebaa SiSveli da qudiani Tavebis siCqareebs
Soris, rodesac t = 7 mwm?
66 videoTamaSSi wertili daprogramebulia ekranze gadaadgilebisTvis x = 9t0,75t3

formulis Sesabamisad, sadac x aris ekranis
marcxena kididan daSoreba santimetrebSi,
qudiani Tavi
(m/wm)
SiSveli Tavi
t (wm)
xolo t mocemulia wamebSi. rodesac wertili miaRwevs ekranis kides (x = 0 an x =15 sm), t
t (mwm)
nulis toli xdeba da wertili kvlav iwyebs
x(t)-s Sesabamisad moZraobas. a) dawyebidan

ra droSi gaCerdeba wertili? b) x-is ra
mniSvnelobisTvis moxdeba es? g) ras udris
am dros wertilis aCqareba (rogoria misi
63 SuqniSanze mwvane Suqis anTebisas, avto-
niSani)? d) marcxniv Tu marjvniv moZraobs
mobili iwyebs TanabaraCqarebul moZraobas
wertili gaCerebamde? e) gaCerebis Semdeg?
2,2 m/wm aCqarebiT. am dros mas 9,5 m/wm mud-
v) ra dros miaRwevs wertili pirvelad ekra-
mivi siCqariT moZravi satvirTo manqana ew-
nis kides (t>0)?
eva da uswrebs. a) SuqniSnidan ra manZilze
67 Senobis saxuravidan qva vertikalurad
daeweva avtomobili satviTo manqanas? b) ra
aisroles. qvam maqsimalur simaRles 1,6 wm-
siCqare eqneba am dros avtomobils?
is Semdeg miaRwia. vardnis dros qva Senobas
64 72 km/sT siCqariT moZravi wiTeli matare-
ascda da 6 wm-Si miwaze daeca. SI sistemaSi: a)
beli da 144km/sT siCqariT moZravi mwvane
ra siCqariT aisroles qva? b) Senobis saxur-
matarebeli erTmaneTis Semxvedri mimar-
avidan ra maqsimalur simaRles miaRwia qvam?
TulebiT midian. rodesac matareblebs So-
g) ra simaRlisaa Senoba?
ris manZili 950 m-ia, TiToeuli memanqane
68 TanabaraCqarebulad moZravma manqanam
meore matarebels SeniSnavs da amuxruWebs.
or wertils Soris 60 m manZili 6 wamSi da-
matareblebi muxruWdebian 1 m/wm2 aCqarebiT.
fara. meore wertilis gavlisas manqanis
moxdeba Tu ara Sejaxeba? Tu moxdeba, ipove
siCqare iyo 15 m/wm. a) ras udrida manqanis
wiTeli da mwvane matareblebis siCqare Se-
siCqare pirvel wertilSi? b) risi tolia aC-
jaxebis dros. Tu ara, ipove matareblebs
qarebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba? g) pirveli
Soris manZili gaCerebis dros.
wertilidan ra manZilis daSorebiT iyo man-
54
wrfivi moZraoba
Tavi 2
qana gaCerebuli? d) aage x-is t-ze da -s t-ze

damokidebulebis grafikebi.
73 200 km/sT siCqariT moZravi manqanis

gaCereba SesaZlebelia 170 m-Si. davuSvaT,
69 yinulmWreli mudmivi siCqariT aR-
aCqareba Tanabaria. ipove misi ricxviTi mniS-
mosavleTisken miemarTeboda, rodesac ue-
vneloba a) SI sistemaSi da b) g erTeulebSi.
carma qarma mas Tanabari aCqareba mianiWa
g) ra Tmux droa saWiro dasamuxruWeblad?
3wm-is ganmavlobaSi. 2.33 suraTze naCvenebia
Seni reaqciis droa 400 mwm, romelic gWird-
x-is t-ze damokidebulebis grafiki, sadac

t = 0 aris momenti, rodesac qarma daubera,
xolo x RerZi mimarTulia aRmosavleTisken.
eba, raTa situacia aRiqva, fexi muxruWis
a) risi tolia yinulmWrelis aCqareba 3 wm-is
yvelaze swrafad moZraobs, jei-alaia. bur-
ganmavlobaSi? b) risi tolia yinulmWrelis
Tis siCqare 303 km/sT-s aRwevs. Tu jei-al-
siCqare 3-wamian monakveTSi? g) Tu aCqareba
ais moTamaSe, romelsac burTi uaxlovdeba,
Tanabari rCeba kidev 3 wm-is ganmavlobaSi,
Zalauneburad Tvals daxuWavs 100 mwm-is
ra manZils gaivlis yinulmWreli am meore 3-
ganmavlobaSi, ra manZils gaivlis am droSi
wamian monakveTSi?
burTi?
pedals daado da daamuxruWo.
74 sportis saxeoba, romelSic burTi
75 x RerZis gaswvriv moZravi wertilis

aCqarebaa a = 5t, sadac t mocemulia wamebSi,
xolo a - m/wm2-ebSi. rodesac t =2 wm, wer-
x (m)
tilis siCqarea +17 m/wm. ras udris siCqare,

rodesac t = 4 wm?
76 plekoptera frTebs Zlierad ver

iqnevs da amitom am mwers frena ar SeuZlia.
t (wm)
magram, rodesac wylis zedapirze imyofeba,
is frTebs haerSi swevs da gemiviT micuravs.

warmoidgine, rom plekoptera mudmivi siC-
70 qva Camovarda 100 m simaRlis kldidan.
qariT moZraobs garkveuli sigrZis swor xa-
ra dro dasWirdeba qvas a) pirveli 50 m-is da
zze. ialqaniviT gaSlili frTebiT am manZi-
b) bolo 50 m-is gasavlelad?
lis gavlas 7,1 wm sWirdeba, xolo dakecili
71 SuqniSanze yviTeli Suqi ainTo. Seni
frTebiT _ 25 wami. a) risi tolia fardoba
manqanis siCqare zustad siCqaris daSvebuli
gaSlili/dakecili? b) ra droSi gaivlis
zRvris, 0= 55 km/sT-s tolia. Seni manqanis
mweri pirvel 2 m-s gaSlili da dakecili
Senelebisas AaCqarebis ricxviTi mniSvnelo-
frTebiT?
ba 5,18 m/wm2-is tolia. Seni reaqciis dro
77 aSS-s nacionaluri satransporto
damuxruWebis dawyebamde T = 0,75 wm-s udris.
usafrTxoebis sabWos mier sahaero katas
SuqniSanze wiTeli sinaTlis anTebis dros
trofis kvlevisas yvelaze mniSvnelovania
xazis
asacileblad,
TviTmfrinavis frenis Sesaxeb informaciis
unda ganagrZo 55 km/sT-iT moZraoba Tu
Camwerze ganTavsebuli informacia. am Cam-
unda daamuxruWo, rodesac xazamde manZili
wers `Savi yuTi~ ewodeba, miuxedavad imisa,
da yviTeli Suqis anTebis xangrZlivoba aris
rom forToxlisferia. Camwerma unda gauZ-
a) 40 m da 2,8 wm; b) 32m da 1,8wm?
los katastrofas 3400 g aCqarebis dros 6,5
gadakveTis
Tavidan
72 matareblis ori sadguri erTmane-
mwm-is ganmavlobaSi. Tu aseTi katastrofis
Tisgan 1100 m manZilzea. Tu matarebeli
dros Camwersa da TviTmfrinavs nulovani
distanciis
aCqardeba
siCqare aqvs drois monakveTis dasasruls,
+1,2m/wm -iT da meore naxevarze Seneldeba
rogori iqneba maTi siCqare Sualedis dawye-
1,2 m/wm -iT, risi toli iqneba a) mgzavrobis
bisas?
dro da b) maqsimaluri siCqare? aage x-is, -s
78
pirvel
naxevarze
da a-s t-ze damokidebulebis grafikebi.
2.34 suraTze mocemulia wrfivad
moZravi wertilis x-is t-ze damokidebulebis
55
tilis myisi siCqare t = 4,5 wm momentSi? g)
82 2.35 suraTze mocemulia x RerZis gaswvriv moZravi wertilis a aCqarebis t droze

damokidebulebis grafiki. rodesac t = 0,
risi tolia wertilis saSualo aCqareba 0-
wertilis koordinatia 4 m, xolo siCqare
dan 4,5 wm-mde? d) risi tolia wertilis myisi
2 m/wm. a) ra siCqare eqneba wertils, rodesac
aCqareba t = 4,5 wm momentSi?
t = 2 wm? b) dawere gamosaxuleba (t)-sTvis
grafiki. a) risi tolia wertilis saSualo

siCqare 0-dan 4,5 wm-mde? b) risi tolia wer-
(m/wm-ebSi), romelic gamosadegi iqneba Su-
a (m/wm 2)
(m)
aledisTvis 2 t 4.
t (wm)
79 sxeulis mdebareoba mocemulia formuliT x=2t 3 , sadac x izomeba metrebSi,

xolo t wamebSi. ipove a) saSualo siCqare
da b) saSualo aCqareba t = 1-dan t = 2 wm-mde.
Semdeg ipove g) myisi siCqare da d) a myisi
aCqareba, rodesac t = 1 wm. amis Semdeg ipove
e) da v) a, rodesac t=2 wm. z) Seadare myisi da
saSualo mniSvnelobebi da TiToeul SemTx-
t (wm)
83 matarebelma moZraoba daiwyo TanabaraCqarebulad. garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi matarebeli midioda 30 m/wm siCqariT, xolo Semdeg 160 m
50 m/wm siCqariT
gaiara. gamoTvale a) aCqareba, b) 160 m-is gavlis dro, g) 30 m/wm siCqaris miRwevis dro da
d) manZili, romelic matarebelma gaiara uZraobis mdgomareobidan 30 m/wm siCqaris miR-
vevaSi axseni, ratom aris erTi meoreze meti.
wevamde. e) aage x-is t-ze da -s t-ze damokide-
T) aage x-is t-ze da -s t-ze damokidebulebis
bulebis grafikebi.
grafikebi da aCvene maTze a)-s pasuxi.
80 tyviis burTi 5,2 m simaRlis tram-
84 120 m simaRlis Senobis bolo sarTulze gaCerebuli carieli liftis bagiri gaw-
plinidan tbaSi Cavarda. is wyals garkveuli
yda. a) ra siCqariT daecema lifti miwaze?
siCqariT daeca da fskerzec imave Tanabari
b) ramden xans gagrZeldeba vardna? g) rogo-
siCqariT CaiZira. burTma fskers Camovard-
ri iqneba liftis siCqare, rodesac naxevar
nidan 4,8 wm-Si miaRwia. a) ra siRrmisaa tba?
gzas gaivlis? d) ra dro dasWirdeba gzis
gamoTvale burTis saSualo siCqaris b) ricx-
pirveli naxevris gavlas?
viTi mniSvneloba da g) mimarTuleba (maRla
85 reaqtiulZraviani manqana, romelic
Tu dabla). davuSvaT, tbaSi wyali daaSres.
swor gzaze moZraobs, gamoiyeneba adamian-
tramplinidan Camovardnili burTi fsker-
ebze didi aCqarebis zemoqmedebis Seswavlis
ze kvlav 4,8 wm-Si ecema. gamoTvale burTis
mizniT. aseTi manqana 1,8 wm-Si 1600 km/sT siC-
sawyisi siCqaris d) ricxviTi mniSvneloba da
qares aRwevs. gamoTvale a) aCqareba g-s er-
e) mimarTuleba.
TeulebSi da b) ganvlili manZili.
81 1977 wlis 26 ianvridan 1983 wlis 18 se-
86 sprinteris maqsimaluri siCqarea 11
qtembramde britanelma jorj miganma fexiT
m/wm. Tu sprinteri TanabaraCqarebul moZ-
gaiara 30600 kilometri uSuaiadan (samxre-
raobas daiwyebs, maqsimalur siCqares 12 m-is
Ti amerikis ukiduresi samxreTi wertili)
gavlis Semdeg miaRwevs da am siCqares 100 m-
pradhous yuremde (aliaska). ramden m/wm-s
iani trasis bolomde inarCunebs. a) ra droSi
udris misi saSualo siCqare?
gaivlis sprinteri 100 m-s? b) drois gasaum-
56
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
jobeseblad sprinteri cdilobs maqsimal-
ze. Semdeg megobari muyaos xels gauSvebs,
uri siCqaris miRwevis manZili Seamciros.
xolo Seni amocanaa _ is rac SeiZleba male
risi toli unda iyos es manZili, rom man
daiWiro. niSani im adgilze, romliTac muy-
trasa 10 wm-Si dafaros?
aos daiWer, reaqciis dros gaCvenebs. a) mar-
87 sportuli avtomobili 60 km/sT siCqa-
cxena wertilidan ra manZilze moaTavsebdi
res 5,4 wm-Si aRwevs. a) ra aCqarebiT moZrao-
50 m/wm niSans? ra manZilze ganalagebdi niS-
bs avtomobili am periodSi? b) Tu aCqareba
nebs b) 100 g) 150, d) 200 da e) 250 mwm? (mag-
Tanabaria, ra manZils gaivlis 5,4 wm-Si? g) ra
aliTad, iqneboda Tu ara 100 mwm niSani Savi
dro dasWirdeba avtomobils 0,25 km-is gas-
wertilidan 2-jer ufro Sors, vidre 50 mwm
avlelad, Tu aCqareba a)-Si miRebuli mniSvn-
niSani?).
elobis tolia.
88
reaqciis dro (mwm)
wertili moZraobas iwyebs aTvlis
saTavidan t = 0 momentSi da gadaadgildeba
x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT. siCqaris

droze damokidebulebis grafiki mocemusur. 2.37 amocana 90
lia 2.36 suraTze. a) ra aris wertilis koordinati, rodesac t = 5 wm? b) ra siCqare aqvs
wertils, rodesac t = 5 wm? g) ra aCqarebiT
moZraobs wertili, rodesac t = 5 wm? d) ra
saSualo siCqare aqvs wertils t = 1-dan t = 5
wm-mde? e) ra saSualo aCqareba aqvs wertils
drois am monakveTSi?
91 60 m simaRlis Senobis saxuravidan qva

Camovarda. miwidan ra simaRleze imyofeba
qva davardnamde 1,2 wm-iT adre?
92 36,6 m simaRlis Senobis saxuravidan

burTi vertikalurad Camoagdes. burTma miwidan 12,2 m simaRleze myof fanjaras Camogdebidan 2 wm-is Semdeg Cauara. ra siCqare aqvs
burTs, rodesac fanjaras Cauvlis?
v (m/wm )
93 Jongliori burTebs H simaRleze isvris. ra simaRleze unda aisrolos Jongliorma burTebi, rom isini haerSi orjer ufro
didxans iyvnen?
94 ori margaliti erTi da imave simaRt (wm)

lidan Tavisuflad ecema 1 wm-is SualediT.

pirveli margalitis vardnis dawyebidan
ramden xanSi iqneba margalitebs Soris 10 m
manZili?
89 qva vertikalurad aisroles. zeviT

frenis dros qvam A wertils siCqariT Cauara, xolo B wertils, romelic A-ze 3 m-iT
maRlaa _
siCqariT. gamoTvale a) siCqare
da b) qvis mier miRweuli maqsimaluri simaRle.
90 2.37 suraTze naCvenebia adamianis

reaqciis drois gasazomi martivi xelsawyo.
xelsawyo ubralo muyaoa, romelzec gamosaxulia skala da ori Savi wertili. megobars muyao vertikalurad uWiravs ise, rom
misi cera da saCvenebeli TiTebi marjvena
wertils exeba, xolo Seni cera da saCvenebeli TiTebi damiznebulia marcxena wertil-
95 manqanis dasamuxruWeblad jer si

tuaciis gasaazrebeli dro gWirdeba, ris
Semdegac manqana Tanabrad Senelebulad
Cerdeba. warmoidgine, rom pirveli fazis
ganmavlobaSi
(damuxruWebis
dawyebamde)
manqanam 56,7 m gaiara sawyisi 80,5 km/sT siCqariT, xolo meore fazis ganmavlobaSi
24,2m sawyisi 48,3 km/sT siCqariT. gamoTvale
a) Seni reaqciis dro da b) aCqarebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba.
96 Tu beisbolis momwodebeli burTs 160

km/sT siCqariT isvris horizontalurad, ra
dro dasWirdeba burTs 18,4 m-iT daSorebul
bazamde misaRwevad?
57
97 x RerZis gaswvriv protonis moZraobis formulaa x = 50t+10t2, sadac x metrebSi
izomeba, xolo t wamebSi. gamoTvale a) pro-
mwm-is manZilze grZeldeba. ra manZils gaiv-
tonis saSualo siCqare moZraobis pirveli
lis daxamxamebaSi, Tu misi saSualo siCqarea
3 wm-is ganmavlobaSi; b) protonis myisi siC-
3400 km/sT?
102 Tvalis daxamxameba daaxloebiT 100

lis gamanadgurebli mig-25 pilotis Tva-
qare, rodesac t = 3 wm, da g) protonis myisi
103 ra dro moiges niu-iorkis gasasv-
aCqareba, rodesac t = 3 wm. d) aage x-is t-ze
lelidan bufalos Sesasvlelamde 700 km-ian
damokidebulebis grafiki da aCvene, rogor
monakveTze avtomobilistebma, roca niu-
SeiZleba am grafikze a)-s pasuxis povna.
iorkis avtostradaze siCqaris zRvari 55
e) grafikze aCvene b)-s pasuxi; v) aage -s t-ze
ml/sT-dan 65 ml/sT-mde gazardes?
damokidebulebis grafiki da masze aCvene

g)-s pasuxi.
104 motocikleti moZraobda 30 m/wm

siCqariT, rodesac mZRolma daamuxruWa.
98 1,2 m sigrZis lulis mqone Tofidan
damuxruWebis dawyebidan 3 wamSi siCqare 15
gasrolili tyviis siCqare 640 m/wm-ia. dauS-
m/wm-mde Semcirda. ra manZils gaivlis mo-
vi, rom aCqareba Tanabaria, da gamoTvale
tocikleti damuxruWebis dawyebidan ga-
dro, romelsac tyvia gaatarebs lulaSi gas-
Cerebamde?
105 paraSutisti TviTmfrinavidan xte-
rolis Semdeg.
99 2.38 suraTze mocemulia x RerZis
ba da 50 metrs Tavisuflad vardeba. Semdeg
gaswvriv moZravi wertilis a aCqarebis t-ze
paraSuti ixsneba da Senelebisas aCqareba
damokidebulebis grafiki. rodesac t = 2 wm,
2 m/wm2-is tolia. paraSutisti miwaze 3 m/wm
wertilis siCqarea 7 m/wm. gamoTvale werti-
siCqariT ecema. a) ramden xans imyofeba para-
lis siCqare, rodesac t = 6 wm.
Sutisti haerSi? b) ra simaRleze daiwyo

vardna?
a (m/wm2)
106 piloti horizontalurad mifrinavs 1300 km/sT siCqariT dedamiwidan 35 mis simaRleze (h=35). magram t = 0 momentSi
dedamiwis zedapiris daxrilobaa =4,3.
Tu piloti TviTmfrinavis mimarTulebas ar
Secvlis, ra t momentSi Seejaxeba dedamiwas?
t (wm)
h
100 maRaros urika gorakze 20 km/sT

siCqariT avida da iqidan 35 km/sT siCqariT
107 rodesac mZRoli manqanas mkveTrad
Camovida (urikis gorakis Tavze yofnis dro
amuxruWebs, gaCerebis manZili gamoiTvle-
ugulebelyofilia). gamoTvale urikis saSu-
ba `reaqciis manZilisa~ da `damuxruWebis
alo siCqare mTliani mgzavrobis manZilze.
manZilis~ SejamebiT. `reaqciis manZili~
101 1889 wels iubulporSi (indoeTi) ba-
aris sawyisi siCqarisa da mZRolis reaqciis
giris gadaqaCvis Sejibri 2 saaTsa da 41 wuTs
drois namravli. cxrilSi mocemulia tipi-
gagrZelda. gamarjvebulma gundma bagiris
uri ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi. a) ra reaqciis
centri 3,7 m-iT gadaaadgila. gamoTvale Se-
dro aqvs mZRols? b) ra manZilis Semdeg gaC-
jibris dros bagiris centris saSualo siC-
erdeba manqana, Tu misi sawyisi siCqarea 25
qare sm/wT-ebSi.
m/wm?
58
Tavi 2
wrfivi moZraoba
tempSi da b) ra iqneba saSualo siCqaris
sawyisi
siCqare
(m/wm)
reaqciis manZili (m)
10
7,5
20
30
damuxruWebis manZili (m)
gaCerebis
manZili
(m)
ricxviTi mniSvneloba m/wm-ebSi? Tu gundi
12,5
saSualo siCqaris ricxviTi mniSvneloba
15
20
35
22,5
45
67,5
TiToeul tempSi gadis 8 m manZils, g) ra dro

dasWirdeba TiToeul temps da d) ra iqneba
m/wm-ebSi?
114 motociklisti Cqardeba horizontalur swor trasaze. trasis 6 Tanabar, 10 m-iT
108 Saflbordis (samagido TamaSi) diski kiis dartymis Sedegad Tanabrad aCqardeba da 1,8 m-is manZilze 6 m/wm siCqares aRwevs.
am dros diski iwyebs Tanabarad Senelebas
2,5 m/wm2 aCqarebiT da Cerdeba. a) ra dro gava
diskis aCqarebidan gaCerebamde? b) ra manZils gaivlis diski?
109 aRmosavleTiT mimarTuli x RerZis

gaswvriv moZrav motociklets aqvs aCqareba
a = (6,112t) m/wm2, drois 0 t 6 SualedSi.

rodesac t = 0, motociklis siCqare da mdebareoba, Sesabamisad, aris 2,7 m/wm da 7,3 m.
a) ra maqsimalur siCqares miaRwevs motocikleti? b) ra manZils gaivlis motocikle-
daSorebul monakveTebze damontaJebulia

boZebi, romlebzec motociklistis moZraobis dro izomeba. cxrilSi mocemulia erTi
cdis Sedegebi. a) ipove, ras udris TiToeuli d manZili t-s mimarT da motociklis a aCqareba. b) cxrilis monacemebis gamoyenebiT
aage d -s t2-ze damokidebulebis grafiki.
g) ipove motociklistis aCqarebis ricxviTi
mniSvneloba.
boZis nomeri
ganvlili
manZili (m)
10
20
30
40
50
dro (wm)
1,63 2,33 2,83 3,31 3,79
ti t = 0-dan t = 6 wm-mde?
110 msxverplze Tavdasxmisas Cxriala

gvelis Tavis aCqarebaa 50 m/wm2. Tu manqanis
aCqarebac igivea, ra droSi miaRwevs manqana
100 km/sT siCqares?
111 giganturma avialainerma afrenisTvis 360km/sT siCqares unda miaRwios. ra minimaluri Tanabari aCqarebaa saWiro 1,8 km-is
sigrZis asafreni zolidan afrenisTvis?
112 avtomobilis mZRolma 0,5 wamSi

siCqares Tanabarad moumata 25 km/sT-dan
115 inglisis nacionalur fizikur la

boratoriaSi Tavisufali vardnis g aCqarebis gazomvisTvis vakuumur kameraSi minis
burTi maRla aisroles. 2.40 suraTze Tdab
aris burTis mdebareobis or wertils Soris droiTi intervali konkretul dabal
simaRleze, xolo T maR droiTi intervali
konkretul maRal doneze, H aris manZili am

or simaRles Soris. daamtkice, rom
55 km/sT-mde. motociklistma ki _ 0,5 wamSi
g =
0-dan 30 km/sT-mde. gamoTvale a) manqanis aC-
8H
2
Tdab
T2maR
qareba da b) motociklis aCqareba.

dros maspinZelTa
gundi mimdevrobiT oTx tempSi moZraobs: a)

swrafad (120 nabiji wuTSi, 30 duimi nabijSi),
simaRle
113 merilendSi saomari wvrTnebisas

gamarTuli Sejibris
T maR
2) swrafad da naxevari nabijiT (120 nabiji
T dab
wuTSi, 15 duimi nabijSi), 3) ormagi tempiT
dro
(180 nabiji wuTSi, 36 duimi nabijSi), 4) or-
magi tempiT da naxevari nabijiT (180 nabiji

wuTSi, 18 duimi nabijSi). Tu gundi TiToeul
tempSi moZraobs 5 wm-is ganmavlobaSi, a) ra
manZils (metrebSi) gaivlis gundi TiToeul
116 NASA-s uwonadobis kvlevis centrSi 145 m simaRlis koSki dgas. es aris carie-
59
li vertikaluri Senoba, romelSic SeiZleba
117 h simaRlidan 0 sawyisi siCqariT
1 m diametris sferos Camogdeba. a) ra drois
burTi vertikalurad dabla isroles. a) ra
manZilze iqneba sfero Tavisufali vardnis
siCqare eqneba burTs miwaze dacemis dros?
mdgomareobaSi? b) rogori iqneba sferos
b) ra droSi miaRwevs burTi miwas? ra iqneba
siCqare, rodesac is koSkis fskerze arsebul
pasuxebi g) a)-sTvis da d) b)-sTvis, Tu burTs
damWer mowyobilobas miaRwevs? g) daWeris
imave simaRlidan da imave siCqariT maRla
Semdeg, sfero neldeba 25 g uaryofiTi aCqa-
aisvrian? sanam formulebs dawer, moifiqre,
rebiT da bolos Cerdeba. ra manZils gaivlis
g)-s da d)-s pasuxebi meti iqneba a)-sa da b)-s
sfero Senelebis dros?
pasuxebze, naklebi Tu toli.
veqtorebi
udabnos WianWvela saharis udabnoSi cxovrobs. budidan sakvebis mosaZeb

nad gamosuli WianWvela SemTxveviTi traeqtoriiT moZraobs, rogorc es
suraTzea naGvenebi. aseTi traeqtoriiT WianWvela udabnos qviSaze zog
jer 500 m-ze met manZilsac gadis, magram rogorc ki ukan dabrunebas
ganizraxavs, yovelgvari orientiris gareSe pirdapir saxlisken mirbis.
rogor agnebs udabnoSi budisken gzas WianWvela niSnebis gareSe?

3.1
ra aris fizika?
fizikaSi gvxvdeba uamravi sidide, romelTac aqvs ricxviTi mniSvneloba da mimarTuleba.

maSasadame, am sidideebis asaxvisTvis saWiroa specialuri maTematikuri ena veqtorebis ena.
es ena gamoiyeneba inJineriaSi, mecnierebasa da yoveldRiur saubarSic _ ki. Tu odesme vinmesTvis giTqvams: `xuT korpuss rom gascdebi, marcxniv Seuxvie~, maSin swored veqtorebis
ena gamogiyenebia. zRvaosnoba mTlianad veqtorebzea dafuZnebuli. fizikosebi da inJinrebi
veqtorebs iyeneben brunvisa da magnituri Zalebis aRwerisTvis. am TavSi yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT mxolod veqtorebis enaze.
3.2
veqtorebi da skalarebi
swori xazze moZrav wertils SeiZleba hqondes ori mimarTuleba. SegviZlia erTi mimarTulebiT moZraoba dadebiTad miviCnioT, meore mimarTulebiT moZraoba ki uaryofiTad. magram, samganzomilebian sivrceSi moZravi wertilis mimarTulebis aRsaniSnavad `plius~
an `minus~ niSani sakmarisi aRar aris. saWiroa veqtoris gamoyeneba.
veqtors aqvs ricxviTi mniSvneloba da mimarTuleba. veqtori emorCileba masze moqmedebis garkveul wesebs, romlebsac am TavSi ganvixilavT. veqtorul sidides aqvs rogorc ricxviTi mniSvneloba, aseve mimarTuleba da, maSasadame, SeiZleba gamovsaxoT veqtoris saxiT. veqtoruli fizikuri sidideebia gadaadgileba, siCqare da aCqareba. am wignSi kidev
bevr veqtorul sidides gavecnobiT, amitom maTTan dakavSirebuli moqmedebebis wesebis Seswavla momdevno TavebSi Zalian dagexmarebaT.
60
61
3.3 veqtorebis geometriuli Sekreba

zogierT fizikur sidides, magaliTad, temperatu-
ras, wnevas, energias, masas da dros, mimarTuleba ar

gaaCnia. aseT sidideebs skalaruls uwodeben da maT
Cveulebrivi algebris kanonebs miusadageben. skalaruB
li sidide gamoisaxeba ricxviTi mniSvnelobiT da niSniT

(magaliTad, temperatura - 400 F).
(a)
umartivesi veqtoruli sididea gadaadgileba anu

mdebareobis cvlileba. veqtors, romelic gadaadgile-
bas gamosaxavs, gadaadgilebis veqtors uwodeben
(arsebobs agreTve siCqaris da aCqarebis veqtorebi).

roca wertilis mdebareoba icvleba A-dan B-ze (sur. 3.1
a), gadaadgilebas gamovsaxavT am wertilebis SemaerTebeli mimarTuli isriT. isari veqtoris grafikuli gamosaxulebaa. veqtoris simbolos, am wignSi mocemuli sxva
tipis isrebisgan gamosarCevad, aqvs samkuTxedis formis
isari.
3.1 a suraTze isrebs A-dan B-mde, A-dan B-mde da Adan B-mde erTnairi sidide da mimarTuleba aqvs. maSasa-
(b)
A
sur. 3.1 a) samive isars Tanabari sigrZe
da mimarTuleba aqvs, maSasadame, samive
erTsa da imave gadaadgilebas asaxavs.
b) ori wertilis SemaerTebeli samive
xazi gadaadgilebis erTsa da imave veqtors Seesabameba.
dame, es gadaadgilebis erTnairi veqtorebia da aRwers wertilis mdebareobis erTnair cv-
lilebas. veqtoris gadaadgilebisas misi ricxviTi mniSvneloba ar icvleba, Tu misi sigrZe

da mimarTuleba ar Seicvala.
gadaadgilebis veqtori wertilis moZraobis realur traeqtorias ar gviCvenebs. magaliTad, 3.1 b suraTze A da B wertilebis SemaerTebeli gadaadgile-bis samive wiri imave veqtors Seesabameba, romelsac 3.1 asuraTze vxedavT. gadaadgilebis veqtori mxolod moZraobis saboloo Sedegs asaxavs da ara Tavad moZraobas.
3.3
veqtorebis geometriuli Sekreba
davuSvaT, rogorc 3.2a suraTze naCvenebi, wertili moZraobs A-dan B-sken da Semdeg B-dan
C-sken. sruli gadaadgilebis asaxva (traeqtorias mniSvneloba ara aqvs) SeiZleba AB da BC

gadaadgilebis veqtorebis saSualebiT. am ori gadaadgilebis jami aris gadaadgileba A-dan
C-mde. AC-s vuwodebT AB da BC veqtorebis jams (an Sedegs). es Cveulebrivi algebruli
jami ar aris.
3.2b suraTze 3.2a suraTidan gadavitaneT veqtorebi

da aRvniSneT Tavze patara isriani simboloTi, rogoricaa, magaliTad,
namdvili
traeqtoria
. Tu gvsurs veqtoris mxolod ricx-
viTi mniSvnelobis Cveneba (niSnisa da mimarTulebis gareSe), viyenebT ubralod simboloebs, magaliTad a, b, s
da a.S. Tavze isriani simbolo asaxavs veqtoris orive
(a)
sruli gadaadgileba
veqtorebis jamia
Tvisebas sididesa da mimarTulebas.
3.2b suraTze naCvenebi sami veqtoris urTierTdamokidebuleba SeiZleba gamoisaxos veqtoruli for-
(b)
muliT

rac imas niSnavs, rom
(3.1)
veqtori
da
veqtorebis
sur. 3.2 a) AC veqtori AB da BC veqtorebis jamia. b) igive veqtorebi sxva

saxelebiT.
62
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
jamia. 3.1 formulaSi `+~ niSans da sityvebs `jami~

veqtorebis
jami
dasawyisi
da `mimateba~ gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebi aqvs,

vinaidan gulisxmobs ricxviT mniSvnelobasac da
dasasruli
mimarTulebasac.
3.2 suraTze naCvenebia organzomilebiani
da
veqtorebis geometriuli Sekrebis procedura.
1) daxaze SenTvis saWiro masStabis
sur. 3.3.
da veqtorebis Sekreba SeiZleba

orive TanmimdevrobiT. ix. formula 3.2.
2) daxaze aseTive masStabis

misi
saTave
veqtoris
veqtori.
veqtori ise, rom

bolos
emTxveodes.
3) veqtoruli jami aris veqtori, romelic gaivleba -s saTavidan -s bolomde.

veqtorTa Sekrebas ori Tviseba aqvs: 1) Sekrebis Tanmimdevrobas mniSvnelobas ar aqvs.
-s
a , b da c veqtorebis Sekrebisas maTi nebismieri mimdevrobiT dalageba

SeiZleba. ixile formula 3.3.
sur. 3.4
da
-s Sekreba gvaZlevs imave Sedegs, rasac

-s Sekreba (sur. 3.3). maSasadame,
-s da
(gadanacvlebadobis kanoni)
(3.2)
2) rodesac mocemuli gvaqvs orze meti veqtori, maTi Sekreba nebismieri TanmimdevrobiT
SeiZleba. maSasadame, Tu gvinda
da
da maT jams mivumatoT , an jer
da
veqtorebis Sekreba, SegviZlia jer

SevkriboT da mere mivumatoT
da
SevkriboT
. Sedegi orive SemTx-
vevaSi erTi da igive iqneba, rogorc es 3.4 suraTzea naCvenebi.

veqtor -s aqvs
)+
+(
+ )
(uRlebadobis kanoni)
(3.3)
-s Tanabari sidide, magram sawinaaRmdego mimarTuleba (sur. 3.5). 3.5
suraTze naCvenebi ori veqtoris Sekreba mogvcems

+ ( ) = 0
maSasadame, -s damateba igivea, rac
veqtorebs Soris sxvaobis dasadgenad: Tu
anu veqtorebis
veqtorisa da
sxvaoba
-s gamokleba. veqtorTa am Tvisebas viyenebT
+( )
, maSin
(veqtorebis gamokleba)
(3.4)
veqtoris SekrebiT vipoveT. 3.6 suraTze
igive moqmedeba naCvenebia geometriulad.

iseve, rogorc algebraSi, veqtoris simbolos gadatana gamosaxulebis erTi mxaridan meoreze daSvebu-
da Tanabari sidide da urTierTsawinaaRmdego mimarTuleba aqvs.
sur. 3.5 veqtorebs
lia, magram saWiroa niSnis Secvla. magaliTad, Tu gvaqvs

formula 3.4 da gvWirdeba
+
an
-s povna, SeiZleba daiweros
miuxedavad imisa, rom mxolod gadaadgilebis veq-
63
3.3 veqtorebis geometriuli Sekreba
(a)
sur. 3.6 a) veqtorebi
da . b)
veqtors
gamosaklebad
-sTvis
veqtoris
(b)
veqtors vumatebT.
torebi ganvixileT, Sekrebisa da gamoklebis wesebi saerToa yvela tipis veqtorisTvis, iqneba es siCqare, aCqareba Tu raime sxva veqtoruli sidide. Tumca, dasaSvebia mxolod erTi tipis
veqtorebis Sekreba. magaliTad, SegviZlia SevkriboT ori gadadgileba, ori siCqare, magram
gadaadgilebisa da siCqaris Sekreba yovelgvar azrsaa moklebuli. es igivea, rom SevkriboT
21 wami da 12 metri.
sakontrolo wertili 1
+ .
da
da
gadaadgilebebis sidideebia 3 m da 4 m, xolo
-s mimarTulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogori iqneba: a) -s maqsi-
maluri SesaZlo sidide da b) minimaluri SesaZlo sidide?
3.1

sportuli orientirebis gakve
Tilze Seni mizania banakidan rac
SeiZleba Sors wasvla, risTvisac
mxolod sami wrfivi gadaadgilebis
30
ufleba gaqvs. SegiZlia nebismieri
gadaadgilebebi:
, 2 km aRmosavleTiT;
, 1 km dasavleTiT.
-Ti,
ki
SegiZlia Secvalo
-Ti. rogoria is maqsimaluri
manZili, romliTac SegiZlia banaks daSorde

mesame gadaadgilebis dasasruls?
amoxsna: gavavloT veqtorebi
da , rogorc naCvenebia 3.7a suraTze. amis

Semdeg furcelze gadavaadgiloT sami veqtori da ise davalagoT, rom erTis saTave
emTxveodes meoris bolos. vipovoT am veqtorebis
masStabi km-Si
(a)
b) , 2 km, 30 Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT;
g)
(b)
TanmimdevrobiT gamoiyeno Semdegi

a)
jami. pirveli veqtoris saTave
emTxveva banakis mdebareobas, xolo mesame

veqtoris bolo gaCerebis wertils.
jam-
uri veqtori gaivleba pirveli veqtoris saTavidan mesame veqtoris bolomde. misi d si-
sur. 3.7. a)
gadaadgilebis
veqtorebi. maTgan
mxolod sami unda gamoviyenoT. b) banakidan Seni daSoreba udidesi iqneba, Tu nebismieri TanmimdevrobiT SeaerTeb , da veqtorebs.
dide banakidan daSorebis manZilia.

irkveva, rom d manZili udidesi iqneba
da
veqtorebisTvis. veqtorebis dalageba nebismieri TanmimdevrobiT SegviZlia, vinaidan jami ar Seicvleba. 3.7b suraTze naCvenebi
TanmimdevrobisTvis veqtorebis jami iqneba
=
+ ( )
3.7 a suraTze naCvenebi masStabis gamoyenebiT vzomavT veqtorebis jamis d sigrZes:
d = 4,8 k
(pasuxi)
64
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
y
(g)
(b)
(a)
veqtoris ax da ay komponentebi. b) veqtoris gadaadgilebisas komponentebi ar icvleba, Tu veqtoris sidide da mimarTuleba ucvlelia. g) komponentebi Seadgens marTkuTxa samkuTxedis kaTetebs, romlis
hipotenuza veqtoris sididis tolia.
sur. 3.8. a)
3.4 veqtorebis komponentebi

veqtorebis geometriuli Sekreba sakmaod damRlelia. arsebobs amis ufro martivi da
zusti meTodi, romelic veqtorebis marTkuTxa koordinatTa sistemaSi ganlagebas moiTxovs.
x da y RerZebi, rogorc wesi, sibrtyeze ixazeba, ise, rogorc es 3.8a suraTzea naCvenebi. z RerZi gamodis koordinatTa saTavidan, Tumca amjerad mas ugulebelvyofT da mxolod organzomilebian veqtorebs ganvixilavT.
veqtoris komponenti aris veqtoris gegmili RerZze. magaliTad, 3.8 a suraTze ax aris
veqtoris komponenti x RerZze, xolo ay
veqtoris komponenti y RerZze. RerZze veqtoris
gegmilis sapovnelad am veqtoris boloebidan RerZze perpendikularul xazebs davuSvebT.
x RerZze veqtoris gegmili aris x komponenti, xolo y RerZze y komponenti. komponentebis

povnis process veqtoris dagegmileba ewodeba.
veqtoris komponents igive mimarTuleba aqvs (RerZis gaswvriv), rac Tavad veqtors. 3.8
suraTze ax da ay dadebiTia, vinaidan
TulebiT. Tu
veqtori mimarTulia orive RerZis dadebiTi mimar-
veqtors SemovabrunebT, maSin orive komponenti uaryofiTi gaxdeba. 3.9 su-
raTze b veqtoris dagegmileba mogvcems dadebiT bx komponents da uaryofiT by komponents.

sazogadod, veqtors aqvs sami komponenti, Tumca 3.8 a suraTis SemTxvevaSi, z RerZze misi
komponenti nulis tolia. 3.8 a da b suraTebze Cans, rom Tu veqtors mimarTulebis Secvlis
gareSe gadavaadgilebT, misi komponentebi ar Seicvleba.
3.8a suraTze
veqtoris komponentebis povna SeiZleba trigonometris daxmarebiT:

sadac aris kuTxe
ax = a cos
da
ay= a sin ,
(3.5)
veqtorsa da x RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebas Soris, xolo a aris
bx = 7 m
veqtoris sidide. 3.8 g suraTze Cans, rom
veqtori
da misi komponentebi x da y RerZebze marTkuTxa samkuTxeds qmnis. suraTze aseve Cans, rom komponentebis
by = 5 m
saSualebiT SeiZleba veqtoris ageba, Tu komponentebs

ise davalagebT, rom erTis saTave meores bolos daemTxves, Semdeg ki avagebT marTkuTxa samkuTxeds, romlis hipotenuza erTi komponentis saTavidan meoris
bolosken mimarTuli veqtori iqneba.
koordinatTa RerZebze veqtoris dagegmilebis
veqtoris komponenti x
RerZze dadebiTia, xolo y RerZze _
uaryofiTi.
sur. 3.9.
Semdeg SeiZleba misi komponentebis gamoyeneba Tavad

veqtoris nacvlad. magaliTad, 3.8 a suraTze naCvenebi
65

veqtori moicema (srulad ganisazRvreba) a-Ti da -Ti. imave veqtoris asaxva ax da ay komponentebis saSualebiTac SeiZleba. monacemebis orive wyvili erTsa da imave informacias
Seicavs. Tu veqtori mocemuli gvaqvs komponenturi saxiT (ax da ay) da gvsurs misi aRniSvna
sidide-kuTxuri saxiT (a da ), viyenebT Semdeg formulebs:
ay
a = ax2 + ay2 da tg = a
x
(3.6)
ufro zogad, samganzomilebian SemTxvevaSi, veqtoris mosacemad gvWirdeba sidide da

ori kuTxe (vTqvaT, a, da ) an sami komponenti (ax, ay da az).
sakontrolo wertili 2. suraTze naCvenebi meTodebidan, romelia swori
x da y RerZebis komponentebidan
veqtoris asagebad?
ax
ax
ax
ay
ay
ay
(a)
(b)
(g)
x
ay
ax
ax
ay
x
ay
ax
(d)
(e)
(v)
3.2
y
patara TviTmfrinavi Rrublian dRes

aeroportidan afrinda. amis Semdeg TviT
mimarTulebiT
samxreTiT iyo TviTmfrinavi aeroportidan

am momentSi?
22
triT CrdiloeTiT da ramdeni kilometriT
5k
kilome-
100
21
Crdilo-aRmosavleTis
mifrinavda 22 kuTxiT. ramdeni
manZili (km)
is
200
mfrinavi SeniSnes aqedan 215 km-Si, rodesac
amoxsna: amocanaSi mocemulia veqtoris si-
dide (215 km) da kuTxe (22 Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT). unda vipovoT veqtoris komponentebi. avagoT xy koordinatTa sistema, sadac
manZili (km)
100
da x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTuleba aRmosavleTi iqneba, xolo y RerZisa CrdiloeTi

(sur. 3.10). simartivisTvis, aTvlis saTave
sur. 3.10. TviTmfrinavi aeroportidan frindeba da

garkveuli drois Semdeg P wertils aRwevs.
66
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
aeroportis mdebareobas davamTxvioT. TviT

mfrinavis gadaadgileba _
veqtori aer
Tebs aTvlis saTavesa da im wertils, sadac

TviTmfrinavi dainaxes.
veqtoris kompo-
nentebis sapovnelad, gamoviyenoT formula
3.5,
dx = d cos = (215 km)(cos 68) = 81 km (pasuxi)
dy = d sin = (215 km) (sin 68)

= 199 km 200 km,

(pasuxi)
sadac = 68 (= 9022):
maSasadame, TviTmfrinavi aRmosavleTiT 81
km-iT, xolo CrdiloeTiT 200km-iT aris daSorebuli aeroportidan.
3.3
ori aTwleulis manZilze mRvimeebis mkv-
zeviT
levarTa jgufebi eZebdnen gzas kentukiSi
Cr.
mdebare flint rijis gamoqvabulTa sistemasa da mamontis gamoqvabuls Soris. rode-
2,6 km
das.
sac, sabolood, es gza aRmoaCines, gamoqvab-
dasasruli
ulebis erTiani sistema msoflios yvelaze
25 m
aRm.
dasawyisi
qveviT
grZel gamoqvabulad aRiares (200 km-ze meti
samx.
sigrZis). gzis maZieblebma uricxv gadasasv-
(a)
lelebze xoxviTa da mokuntuli siaruliT

da 25 m zeviT. risi tolia maTi gadaadgileba
dasawyisidan dasasrulamde?
zeviT
dasasruli
gaiares 2,6km dasavleTiT, 3,9 km samxreTiT

0,025 km
d
dh
amoxsna: mocemuli gvaqvs samganzomilebiani
veqtoris komponentebi da gvWirdeba veqtoris ricxviTi mniSvneloba da ori kuTxe,
qveviT
(b)
raTa veqtoris mimarTuleba ganvsazRvroT.

Tavdapirvelad komponentebi gamovsaxoT,
rogorc 3.11a suraTzea naCvenebi. horizontaluri komponentebi (2,6km dasavleTiT da
3,9km samxreTiT) marTkuTxa samkuTxedis ka-
sur. 3.11 a) mRvimeebis mkvlevarTa jgufis mTliani

gadaadgilebis komponentebi da maTi horizontaluri
gadaadgileba dh. b) gverdiTi xedi, romelic aCvenebs
dh-s da jgufis mTliani gadaadgilebis
veqtors.
Tetebs qmnis. mkvlevrebis horizontaluri

gadaadgileba samkuTxedis hipotenuzaa da
misi dh sigrZe gamoiTvleba piTagoras Teoremis saSualebiT:
dh = (2.6 km)2 + (3.9 km)2 = 4.69 km.
gamosayeneblad,
3.11a
suraTs
SevxedoT
Crdilo-dasavleTidan. miviRebT 3.11b suraTs, romelzec vertikaluri komponenti

da dh horizontaluri gadaadgileba kidev
3.11a suraTze naCveneb samkuTxedze vxedavT,
erT marTkuTxa samkuTxeds qmnis. amjerad,
rom horizontaluri gadaadgileba mimar-
mkvlevrebis mTliani gadaadgileba samkuT
Tulia samxreT-dasavleTisken h kuTxiT,
xedis hipotenuzas emTxveva, romlis d sig-
romelic gamoiTvleba Semdegnairad:
rZe gamoiTvleba formuliT:
3,9 km
tg h = 2,6 km
cxrilidan,
h = 56
d = (4.69 km)2 + (0.025 km)2 = 4.69 km

4.7 km.
(pasuxi)
mTliani gadaadgilebis mimarTulebis sa

povnelad saWiro ori kuTxidan erTi vipo
gadaadgileba
(pasuxi)
mimarTulia
horizon
taluri gadaadgilebidan zeviT, kuTxiT.

cxrilidan = 0.3.
(pasuxi)
veT.
maSasadame, mkvlevrebis gadaadgilebis veq-
vertikaluri komponentis (25m= 0,025 km)
toris sididea 4,7km, xolo mimarTuleba

56 kuTxiT samxreT-dasavleTiT da 0,3
ba gamoqvabulidan gasasvlelis sapovnelad.
kuTxiT zeviT. saerTo vertikaluri moZ-
maT mier ganvlili gzis traeqtoria mniS-
raoba horizontalur moZraobasTan Sedare-
vnelovnad gansxvavdeba gadaadgilebis veq-
biT umniSvneloa. Tumca, es ar iyo didi nug-
torisgan, romelic ubralod swori xazia
eSi mkvlevrebisTvis, romelTac mravaljer
sawyis da saboloo mdebareobebs Soris.
mouwiaT maRla acoceba da dabla Camococe-
taqtika
1:
kuTxeebi
gradusebsa
da
radianebSi
kuTxe x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis
mimarT dadebiTia, Tu saaTis isris moZ
raobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT izo
meba da uaryofiTia, Tu izomeba saaTis isris
moZraobis mimarTulebiT. magaliTad, 210
da 150 erTi da igive kuTxea.
kuTxeebi izomeba radianebSic. am ori
Tad, 3.13 suraTis SemTxvevaSi am codniT

SegiZliaT daadginoT, aris Tu ara kalkulatorze miRebuli Sedegi swori. sxvadasxva
meoTxedebSi funqciebis niSnebis codnac
sakmaod gamosadegia.
taqtika 3: Sebrunebuli trigonometriuli funqciebi

Sebrunebuli funqciebis (sin1, cos1 da
erTeulis dasakavSireblad gaixsene, rom
tg1) SemTxvevaSi, kalkulatorze miRebuli
Sekruli wre 360 da 2 radiania. magaliTad,
pasuxis garda arsebobs sxva SesaZlebeli
40-is radianebSi gadasayvanad, daiwereba
2 rad
40
= 0,7 rad
360
taqtika 2: trigonometriuli funqciebi

aucileblad dagWirdebaT ZiriTadi tri
gonometriuli funqciebis sinusis, kosi-
pasuxic, romelsac kalkulatori ar iTvlis. 3.13 suraTze mocemulia Sebrunebuli

trigonometriuli
funqciebis
Sedegebis
diapazoni kalkulatorisTvis. magaliTad,
sin10,5 asocirdeba kuTxeebTan 30 (romelic

kalkulatorze moCans, vinaidan is Sedis
mis diapazonSi) da 150. orive mniSvnelobis
gasagebad 3.13 a suraTze gaavle horizonta-
nusisa da tangensis gansazRvrebebis codna,
luri xazi 0,5-is gaswvriv da daakvirdi, sad
vinaidan isini xSirad gamoiyeneba mecniere-
kveTs is sinusis funqcias.
baSi. 3.12 suraTze naCvenebia am funqciebis

gansazRvrebebi, sadac samkuTxedis gverdebi aRniSvnebis gareSea.
aucilebelia, agreTve, imis codna, Tu
rogor ganvasxvavoT swori pasuxi? swori

pasuxi isaa, romelic yovel konkretul
SemTxvevaSi ufro gonivruli gveCveneba.
magaliTad, ganvixiloT h kuTxis gamoT-
rogor icvleba trigonometriuli funqci
vlis procesi amocanis 3.3 nimuSSi, sadac
ebi kuTxis cvlilebasTan erTad. magali-
tgh=3,9/2,6=1,5. kalkulatorze tg11,5-is
sin =
cos =
tg =
kuTxis
mopirdapire kaTeti
hipotenuza
kuTxis
mimdebare kaTeti
hipotenuza
kuTxis
mopirdapire kaTeti
kuTxis
hipotenuza
kuTxis
mopirdapire
kaTeti
kuTxis
mimdebare
kaTeti
mimdebare kaTeti
sur. 3.12 trigonometriuli funqciebis gansazRvrisTvis gamoyenebuli samkuTxedi.
ixile, agreTve, danarTi E.
67
68
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
+1
-
900
sin
900
1800
2700
3600
+1
-1
- 900
(a)
cos
900
1800
2700
3600
-1
(b)
tg
+2
+1
(g)
- 900
900
1800
2700
3600
-1
sur. 3.13 sami saWiro funqcia. kalkulatoris gamoTvlis diapazoni Sebrunebuli trigonometriuli
funqciebisTvis naCvenebia grafi-kebis gamuqebuli
nawiliT.
-2
gamoTvla gvaZlevs Sedegs h = 56, magram h
reTve formula 3.6 tg-sTvis gamosadegia
= 236(=180+56) kuTxis tangensi aseve 1,5-
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kuTxe izomeba
ia. romeli pasuxia swori? fizikuri situ-
x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis mimarT.
aciidan gamomdinare (sur. 3.11a) 56 sworia,
raime sxva mimarTulebisadmi kuTxis gazom-
xolo 236 aSkarad araswori.
taqtika 4: veqtorebis kuTxeebis

gazomva
triuli funqciebi unda Seicvalos, xolo

formula 3.6-Si wiladi unda Sebrundes. bevrad iolia kuTxis gazomva x RerZis dadebiTi
3.5 formulebi cos-sa da sin-sTvis, ag
3.5
vis SemTxvevaSi 3.5 formulaSi trigonome-
mimarTulebis mimarT.
erTEulovani veqtorebi
erTeulovani veqtoris sidide 1-is tolia da romelime konkretul mimarTulebas mi-
aniSnebs. erTeulovan veqtors ar gaaCnia ganzomileba da erTeuli. misi erTaderTi daniSnuleba mimarTulebis Cvenebaa. x, y da z RerZebis dadebiTi mimarTulebis mqone erTeulovani veqtorebi aRiniSneba , da
simboloebiT, sadac `^~ niSani gamoiyeneba isris nacvlad
(sur. 3.14). 3.14 suraTze RerZebis ganlagebas marjvena koordinatTa sistemas uwodeben. es sistema aseTived rCeba RerZebis Tanabrad Semo-
brunebis SemTxvevaSi. am wignSi mxolod mxolod marjvena koordinatTa sistemebs viyenebT.

erTeulovani veqtorebi Zalian sasargebloa sxva
veqtorebis asaxvisTvis. magaliTad, 3.8 da 3.9 suraTebze veqtorebi
da
da
= ax + ay
(3 .7 )
= bx + by
(3.8)
es ori formula ilustrirebulia 3.15 suraTze.

sidideebs ax
SeiZleba gamoisaxos, rogorc
da ay uwodeben
veqtoris veqtorul
z
sur. 3.14. , da erTeulovani veqtorebi asaxavs mimarTulebebs marjvena koordinatTa sistemaze.
69
3.6 veqtorebis Sekreba komponentebis saSualebiT

komponentebs. ax da ay skalaruli sidideebia da
veqtoris skalaruli komponentebi (an
ubralod komponentebi) ewodeba.

magaliTad, amocanis 3.3 nimuSSi erTeulovan veqtorebSi gamovsaxoT mRvimeebis mkvlevagadaadgileba. Tavdapirvelad 3.11a suraTis mixedviT avagoT 3.14 suraTze naCvenebi
rebis
koordinatTa sistema. Semdeg ,
da
mivmarToT, Sesabamisad, aRmosavleTisken, zeviT da
samxreTisken. maSasadame, mogzaurobis dasawyisidan dasasrulamde
gadaadgileba erTeu-
lovani veqtorebis saSualebiT gamoisaxeba Semdegnairad:

= (2,6km)

aq (2,6km)
+ (0,025 km)
x RerZze veqtoris dx
+(3,9km)
(3.9)
komponentia, xolo (2,6 km) dx komponenti.

veqtorebis Sekreba SesaZlebelia geometriulad, naxazis saSualebiT. veqtorebi aseve
ikribeba zogierTi tipis kalkulatorzec. Sekrebis mesame gza gulisxmobs maTi komponentebis Sekrebas RerZebis mixedviT, rasac axla SeviswavliT.
Tavdapirvelad, ganvixiloT toloba
romelic ambobs, rom
(3.10)
veqtori igivea, rac + veqtori. maSasadame,
veqtoris TiToeu-
+ veqtoris Sesabamisi komponentis toli:

rx = ax + bx
(3.11)
ry = ay + by
(3.12)
rz = az + bz.
(3.13)
li komponenti unda iyos
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ori veqtori erTmaneTis tolia, Tu maTi Sesabamisi komponentebi tolia. formulebi 3.10-3.13 gvauwyebs, rom
veqtorebis Sesakrebad: 1) veqtorebi unda
da
davSaloT skalarul komponentebad; 2) SevkriboT es komponentebi, raTa jamuri

komponentebi miviRoT, da 3) gavaerTianoT
veqtoris komponentebi Tavad
veqtoris
veqtoris mis-
aRebad. mesame etapze SegviZlia gadavwyvitoT, erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi (rogorc

formula 3.9-Si) gamovsaxoT
veqtori Tu sidide-kuTxur CanawerSi (amocanis 3.3 nimuSis pa-
suxi).
veqtorebis komponentebiT Sekrebis procedura gamosadegia veqtorebis gamoklebis SemTx-
vevaSic. gavixsenoT, rom gamokleba
+( ). gamoklebis mizniT,
da
SeiZleba gadaiweros, rogorc mimateba
SevkriboT komponentebis saSualebiT, miviRebT:
dx= ax bx, dy= ay by da dz= az bz, sadac
=dx + dy + dz .
ay
bx
(a)
x
ax
by
(b)
sur. 3.15
a)
veqtoris komponentebi;
b)
veqtoris komponentebi.
70
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
sakontrolo wertili 3.
-is da
1
-is komponentebis niSani x RerZze? b) ra iqneba

2
-is da
1
-is komponentebis niSani y RerZze? g) ra iqneba

2
a) mocemul suraTze ra iqneba
d2
d1
-is komponentebis niSnebi x da y RerZebze?
3.4
y
3.16 a suraTze naCvenebia sami veqtori:

= (4,2 m) (1,5 m)
= (1,6 m) + (2,9 m)
da
= (3,7 m)
ra iqneba veqtorTa jami
, romelic asevea
-3
-2
suraTze naCvenebi?
-1
amoxsna: sami veqtoris Sekreba SesaZlebelia
-2
RerZebze maTi komponentebis saSualebiT. x

RerZisTvis SevkriboT
da
-3
veqtorebis
x komponentebi, raTa miviRoT jamuri

toris x komponenti:
-1
veq(a)
rx= ax+ bx+ cx= 4,2 m 1,6 m + 0 =2,6 m.

aseve moviqceT y RerZisTvis:
y
2.6
ry = ay+ by+ cy = 1,5 m + 2,9 m 3,7 m = 2,3 m.

gavaerTianoT es komponentebi
-3
-2
veq
-1
-1
toris Casawerad erTeulovani veqtorebis
-2.3
-2
saSualebiT:
-3
= (2,6 m) (2,3 m)
(pasuxi)
(b)
sadac (2,6 m)
veqtoris komponenti x
aris
RerZze, xolo -(2,3 m) - y RerZze. 3.16 b suraTze naCvenebia veqtoris komponentebis dalagebis erTi meTodi
veqtoris misaRebad.
Cvens kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema aseve SesaZlebelia, Tu gavigebT
veqtoris ricxviT
sur. 3.16.
xolo kuTxe (x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTule

bisadmi)
-2,3 m
= tg1 (2,6 m) = 41,
mniSvnelobas da kuTxes. 3.6 formulidan gamomdinare, ricxviTi mniSvnelobaa
r = (2,6

m) + (2,3 m)
2
veqtori aris danarCeni sami veqtoris
jami.
(pasuxi)
`minus~ niSani gvauwyebs, rom kuTxe saaTis is(pasuxi)
ris moZraobis mimarTulebiT izomeba.
3,5 m
3.5
eqsperimentebiT dadginda, rom am Tavis
raxavs, RerZebis gaswvriv gadaadgilebebs
dasawyisSi suraTze gamosaxuli udabnos
Seajamebs da gansazRvravs veqtors, ro-
WianWvela moZraobis traeqtorias Tavis
melic pirdapir budisken aris mimarTuli.
gonebaSi arsebul koordinatTa sistemaSi
magaliTisTvis miviCnioT, rom WianWvela
avlebs. rodesac budeSi dabrunebas ganiz-
xy koordinatTa sistemaSi 3.17a suraTze
71
naCvenebi mimarTulebebiT xuTjer garbis
6sm-s. mexuTe garbenis bolos, ra iqneba WianWvelas mTliani gadaadgilebis veqtoris
dasasruli
3
sidide da kuTxe? ra iqneba WianWvelas sabo

loo mdebareobis da saxlis damakavSirebeli
veqtoris
saxli
120
30
sidide da kuTxe?
(a)
dasasr.
3
Semdeg gamovTvaloT x komponentebis jami:
3.8 sm
8.2 sm
dj, x = d1x + d2x+ d3x + d4x + d5x, (3-14)

da y komponentebis jami:
(3-15)
saxli
mTliani veqtori x da y
bolos avagoT
saxli
(b)
dasasr.
dj, y = d1y + d2y + d3y + d4y + d5y.
gadaadgi
daadgilebis veqtori:
j=
30
lebis gasagebad unda SevajamoT xuTi ga
saxli
amoxsna: amocanis amoxsnis gza sami nawilisgan Sedgeba. Tavdapirvelad,
150
saxli
komponentebisgan.
(g)
formula 3.14-is gamosaTvlelad, viy-
sur. 3.17. a) xuTi garbenis saZiebeli traeqtoria;
enebT 3.5 formulas:
b) j veqtori da misi x da y komponentebi. g)

saxlTan damakavSirebeli veqtori.
d 1x = (6 sm) cos 0 = + 6 sm
saxli
d 2x = (6 sm) cos 150 = 5,2 sm

d 3x = (6 sm) cos 180 = 6 sm
d 4x = (6 sm) cos (120) = 3 sm
d 5x = (6 sm) cos 90 = 0.
amis Semdeg 3.14 formula mogvcems:
dj, x = + 6 sm + (5,2 sm) + (6 sm)

analogiurad vafasebT xuTi veqtoris
y komponentebs 35. formulis daxmarebiT.

Sedegebi 3.1 cxrilSia mocemuli. am Sedegebis 3.15 formulaSi CasmiT viRebT:
dj, y = + 3,8 sm
SualebiT
veqtoris sididisa da kuTxis
2
2
= d j,x + d j,y
= (-8.2 sm)2 + (3.8 sm)2 = 9,0 sm.
kuTxis gasagebad (x RerZis dadebiTi

mimarTulebis mimarT) aviRoT Sebrunebuli
tangensi:
= tg1
= tg1
dy
veqtori da
gasagebad gamoviyenoT formula 3.6. veqto-
3.1
dx (sm)
ris sidide tolia:
+ (3 sm) + 0 = 8,2 sm
cxrili
3.17b suraTze mocemulia
misi x da y komponentebi. komponentebis sa-
(sm)
1
2
3
4
5
+ 6.0
- 5.2
- 6.0
- 3.0
0
0
+ 3.0
0
- 5.2
+ 6.0
mTliani
- 8.2
+ 3.8
dj, y
dj, x
3,8 sm
8.2 sm
= 24.86
SeniSvna: gaixsene amocanebis amoxsnis me-3

taqtika, sadac vTqviT, rom Sebrunebuli
tangensis gamoTvlisas kalkulatorma SeiZleba swori pasuxi ar mogvces. 24,86 niSnavs, rom
mTliani veqtori x y koordi-
72
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
natTa sistemis meoTxe meoTxedSia. magram,

komponentebidan veqtoris agebis Semdeg
(sur. 3.17b) davinaxavT, rom
veqtori me-
ore meoTxedSia. maSasadame, kalkulatoris

pasuxi unda gavasworoT 180-is damatebiT:
= 24,86 + 180 = 155,14 155

WianWvelis
j-is
mimarTuleba (sur. 3.17g).
saxli
( 24,86 25). maSasadame
sawinaaRm-
j-is
sidide da
kuTxe tolia:
gadaadgilebis sidide da
saxli
= 9 sm 25 kuTxiT
(pasuxi)
udabnos WianWvela, romelic 500 m-ze met
155 kuTxiT
veqtors,
romelic
(pasuxi)
mimarTu-
lia WianWvelas mdebareobidan budisken,

am amocanaSi mocemuli veqtorebis Sek
reba kalkulatoris saSualebiT SeuZlebelia. sami veqtori akmayofilebs pirobas:

j-is
dego mimarTulebisTvis kuTxe ukve gvaqvs
kuTxe tolia:
dj = 9 sm
toli sidide aqvs da sawinaaRmdego
B=A+C
(3.16)
A -s ricxviTi mniSvnelobaa 22 erTeuli,

xolo kuTxe x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis
mimarT _ 47 (saaTis isris moZraobis
mimarTulebiT). C -s ricxviTi mniSvnelobaa
17 erTeuli, xolo kuTxe x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis mimarT _ (saaTis isris

moZraobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT). B
mimarTulia x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT. ras udris B -s sidide?
amoxsna: am SekiTxvaze pasuxs kalkulatorze gamoTvliT ver gavcemT, vinaidan ar
viciT C -s kuTxe. samagierod, 3.16 formula SegviZlia CavweroT x da y RerZebze veqtoris komponentebis saSualebiT. vinaidan
B mimarTulia x RerZis gaswvriv, virCevT am
manZils gadis, uamrav gansxvavebul gadaadgilebas Seasrulebs, magram bolos mainc uSecdomod gamoiTvlis
j-is
(am Tavis wakiTxvis
gareSec).
3.6
B cos 0 = 22 cos (47) + 17cos
(3.17)
B-s povna ar SegviZlia, vinaidan -jer

kidev ucnobia.
axla formula 3.16 gamovsaxoT y komponentebis saSualebiT
By = Ay + Cy
gamovTvaloT y komponentebi 3.5 for
mulis saSualebiT da CavsvaT cnobili monacemebi, miviRebT:
B sin 0 = 22 sin (47) + 17 sin ,

saidanac gamomdinareobs:
0 = 22 sin ( 47) + 17sin

-s amoxsna gvaZlevs:
= sin1 22 sin ( 47) = 71,17
17
CavsvaT es Sedegi 3.17 formulaSi da miviRebT:
B = 20,5 erTeuls
(pasuxi)
daakvirdiT meTods, romelic am amocanis amoxsnisas gamoviyeneT: rodesac x kom-
RerZs da vwerT
Bx = Ax + Cx
Semdeg TiToeuli x komponenti gamovsa
xoT 3.5 formulis saSualebiT da CavsvaT
CvenTvis cnobili monacemebi, miviRebT:
ponentebze vatarebdiT moqmedebebs, Segvxvda ori ucnobi CvenTvis saintereso B da

CvenTvis uintereso . Semdeg moqmedebebi
CavatareT y komponentebze da gamovTvaleT , Semdeg isev x RerZs davubrundiT da
gamovTvaleT B.
73
3.7 veqtorebi da fizikis kanonebi
3.7
veqtorebi da fizikis kanonebi
am wignis nebismier suraTze mocemul koordinatTa sistemaSi x da y RerZebi wignis kideebis paraleluria. maSasadame
veqtoris ax da ay komponentebic kideebis paraleluria (sur.
3.18 a). RerZebis mimarTulebis gansazRvris erTaderTi mizezi
(a)
simartivea da aq sxva raime dafaruli azri ar arsebobs. SegviZlia 3.18b suraTze mocemuli RerZebis (da ara
veqtoris)
Semobruneba kuTxiT, ris Semdegac komponentebs axali mniSvnelobebi eqnebaT. vuwodoT am mniSvnelobebs
da
. vinaidan
-s sidide usasrulo ricxvTa simravlea, aseve usasruloa
veqtoris komponentebis wyvilTa mniSvnelobebi.

romelia komponentebis `swori~ wyvili? nebismieri, vinaidan
TiToeuli wyvili erTsa da imave
veqtors gansxvavebulad aR-
wers. yvela wyvili erTnairi sididisa da mimarTulebis mqone

veqtors qmnis. 3.18 suraTze gvaqvs:
(3.18)
da
= + .
(b)
sur. 3.18 a)
veqtori da misi komponentebi. b) igive veqtori koordinatTa sistemis RerZebis kuTxiT Semobrunebis Semdeg.
(3.19)
es imas niSnavs, rom koordinatTa sistemis arCevanSi sruli Tavisufleba gvaqvs, vinaidan
veqtorebs Soris kavSiri (magaliTad, veqtorebis Sekreba 3.1 formuliT) ar aris damokidebuli aTvlis saTavis mdebareobaze an koordinatTa sistemis RerZebis mimarTulebaze. igive Seexeba sxva fizikur sidideebs Soris kavSirebs: arc erTi maTgani ar aris damokidebuli koordinatTa sistemis arCevaze. am yvelafers daumateT veqtorebis enis ubraloeba da simdidre
da mixvdebiT, ratom gamoisaxeba fizikis kanonebi TiTqmis yovelTvis am enaze. magaliTad,
mxolod 3.10 formulas SeuZlia warmoadginos sami (an meti) damokidebuleba, magaliTad,
formulebi 3.11, 3.12 da 3.13.
3.8
veqtorebis gamravleba*
veqtorebis gamravlebis sami meTodi arsebobs, magram arc erTi ar aris Cveulebrivi al-
gebruli gamravlebis analogiuri. am Tavis wakiTxvisas gaiTvaliswine, rom kalkulatori

veqtorebis gamravlebaSi mxolod im SemTxvevaSi dagexmareba,
Tu gamravlebis ZiriTad wesebs gaigeb.
veqtoris gamravleba skalarze

veqtoris s skalarze gamravleba gvaZlevs axal veqtors. am veqtoris sidide
veqto-
ris sididisa da s-is absoluturi mniSvnelobis namravlia. misi mimarTuleba emTxveva

mimarTulebas, Tu s dadebiTia, da sawinaaRmdegoa, Tu s uaryofiTia.
-s
-s s-ze gayofisTvis
-s vamravlebT 1/s-ze.
am masalas mxolod mogvianebiT (me-7 da me-11 TavebSi) gamoviyenebT, amitom Tqven maswavlebels SeuZlia am
qveTavis Seswavla im droisTvis gadados.
74
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
veqtoris veqtorze gamravleba

veqtoris veqtorze gamravlebis ori gza arsebobs. erTi gza gvaZlevs skalars (skalarul
namravls), xolo meore _ axal veqtors (veqtorul namravls). studentebi gamravlebis am

or meTods xSirad erTmaneTSi ureven, amitom yuradRebiT gaiazre gansxvaveba maT Soris.
skalaruli namravli
da
veqtorebis skalaruli namravli (sur.
3.19) iwereba rogorc
da ganisazRvreba Sem-
degnairad:

sadac a aris
= ab cos ,
(3.20)
veqtoris ricxviTi mniSvneloba,
veqtoris ricxviTi mniSvneloba, xolo
kuTxe
da
veqtorebs Soris (ufro zustad,
(a)
-s komponenti -s
mimarTulebis gaswvriv
udris acos-s.
maT mimarTulebebs Soris). arsebobs ori aseTi
kuTxe: da 360. 3.20 formulaSi orives gamoyeneba SeiZleba, vinaidan maTi kosinusebi erT-
-s komponenti -s mimarTulebis gaswvriv udris

bcos-s.
maneTis tolia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom 3.20 formulis marjvena
mxares mxolod skalarebia (maT Soris cos ). ma-
Sasadame, formulis marcxnivac
skalaruli
sididea.
(b)
sur. 3.19. a) veqtorebi da , maT Soris kuTxiT. b) TiToeul veqtors aqvs komponenti meore
veqtoris mimarTulebis gaswvriv.
skalaruli namravli ori sididis namravlia. erTi sididea erT-erTi veqtoris ricxviTi mniSvneloba, xolo meore meore veqtoris
pirveli veqtoris mimarTulebis gaswvriv skalaruli komponenti. magaliTad, 3.19b suraTze
-s skalaruli komponenti
dan
-s mimarTulebis gaswvriv aris acos . am komponents
-ze daSvebuli perpendikulari gansazRvravs. aseve,
gaswvriv aris
-s komponenti
-s bolo-
-s mimarTulebis
cos .
roca or veqtors Soris kuTxe aris 0, erTi veqtoris komponenti meoris

gaswvrivaa da, aqedan gamomdinare, veqtorebis skalaruli namravli maqsimaluria. Tu = 90, maSin erTi veqtoris komponenti meoris gaswvriv nulia da skalaruli namravli nulis tolia.
formula 3.20 SeiZleba davweroT Semdegnairad:
= (a cos (b) = (a) (b cos )
(3.21)
gadanacvlebadobis kanons skalaruli namravlisTvis aseTi saxe aqvs:
rodesac ori veqtori warmodgenilia erTeulovan-veqtoruli saxiT, maTi skalaruli namravli daiwereba Semdegnairad:

= (ax + ay + az ) (bx
+ by +bz )
(3.22)
SesaZlebelia am formulis gavrcobac jufTebadobis kanonis mixedviT: Tu pirveli veqtoris TiToeul komponents gavamravlebT meore veqtoris TiToeul komponentze, miviRebT:
= ax bx + ay by + azbz
(3.23)
3.8 veqtorebis gamravleba*

C da D veqtorebis sidideebia, Sesabamisad, 3 erTeuli da 4
erTeuli. ras udris C -s da D -s mimarTulebebs Soris kuTxe, Tu C D tolia a) nulis,

b) 12 erTeulis da g) 12 erTeulis?

risi
tolia
kuTxe
=3 4 -sa
da
3.7
veqtoruli saxiT warmovadgenT da gamoviyenebT jufTebadobis kanons:
=2 +3 -s Soris?
amoxsna: unda iTqvas, rom aq mocemuli bevri moqmedebis Sesruleba kalkulatoriTac
SeiZleba, magram Tu gsurT ukeTesad Seiswav-
= (3 4 )(2 + 3 ) =
= 3 (2 )+3 (+3 )+ (4 )(2 )+(4 )(+3 ).

Semdeg formula 3.20 gamoviyenoT bolo
loT skalaruli namravli, kalkulators nu
gamosaxulebis TiToeuli wevrisTvis. pirve-
gamoiyenebT.
ori veqtoris mimarTulebas Soris kuTxe
li wevrisTvis erTeulovan veqtorebs Soris
skalaruli namravlis gansazRvrebaSi Sedis
kuTxea 0, sxva wevrebisTvis ki aris 90. mi-
(formula 3.20):
viRebT:
= ab cos
am formulaSi, a aris
(3.24)
veqtoris sidide,
anu
a = 32 + (4)2 = 5,
xolo b aris
(3.25)
veqtoris sidide
b = (2) + 3 = 3,61.
2
= (6)(1) +(9)(0) + (8)(0) (12)(0) = 6.
CavsvaT es ricxvi da formulebis 3.25 da 3.26

Sedegebi 3.24 formulaSi, miviRebT:
6=(5)(3,61) cos .
ase rom,
(3.26)
SegviZlia calke gamovTvaloT formula 3.24-
= cos1
6
= 109 110.
(5)(3,61)
(pasuxi)
is marcxena mxare, Tu veqtorebs erTeulovan-
veqtoruli namravli
da
veqtorebis veqtoruli namravli iwereba, rogorc
da aris
veqtori, romlis sidide:

sadac aris
da
c = ab sin ,
(3.27)
-s Soris umciresi kuTxe (mcire kuTxes imi-
tom viyenebT, rom sin da sin(360) algebruli niSniT gansx-
vavdeba).
(a)
Tu
da
paraleluria an antiparaleluria, maSin
=0.
-s absoluturi sidide, romelic asec SeiZleba daiweros , maqsimaluria, Tu da erTmaneTis
perpendikularulia.
sur. 3.20. marjvena xelis wesis ilustracia veqtorebis namravlisTvis.

(a) marjvena xelis TiTebiT
veqtori
veqtorSi gadaitaneT. gawvdili cera
TiTi aCvenebs = veqtoris mimarTulebas. b) naCvenebia, rom da
erTmaneTis sapirispiroa.
(b)
75
76
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
veqtoris mimarTuleba
-s Semcveli sibrtyis perpendikularulia. 3.20a sura-
-s da
Tze naCvenebia, rogor ganvsazRvroT
da
-s mimarTuleba e.w. marjvena xelis wesiT.
veqtorebi mimarTulebis Seucvlelad ganalage ise, rom saerTo saTavidan gamodiod-
nen. Semdeg warmoidgine xazi, romelic veqtorebis sibrtyis perpendikularulia. warmoidgine, rom es xazi marjvena xeliT giWiravs ise, rom TiTebi
veqtoridan
veqtorisken iyos
mimarTuli am veqtorebs Soris arsebuli umciresi kuTxiT. gaSlili ceri
veqtoris mimar-
Tulebas aCvenebs.
veqtoruli gamravlebis dros Tanmimdevroba mniSvnelovania. 3.20b suraTze
= -s
mimarTulebas marjvena xelis wesiT vsazRvravT. gaSlili ceri mimarTulia wina SemTxvevis
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT, maSasadame = . es niSnavs, rom
= ( )
(3.28)
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, gadanacvlebadobis kanoni veqtoruli namravlisTvis ar moqmedebs.

erTeulovan-veqtoruli Canaweris SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs
= (ax
+ ay + az ) (bx
+ by + bz )
(3.29)
frCxilebis gaxsna SegviZlia jufTebadobis kanonis mixedviT. es imas niSnavs, rom pirveli veqtoris TiToeuli komponenti veqtorulad unda gamravldes meore veqtoris TiToeul
komponentze. erTeuli veqtorebis veqtoruli namravlebi mocemulia E danarTSi (ix. `veqtorebis namravlebi~). magaliTad, 3.29 formulis SemTxvevaSi gveqneba
ax bx = ax bx ( ) = 0
vinaidan ori erTeuli veqtori,
da
paraleluria, amitom maTi veqtoruli namravli
nulis tolia. aseve gveqneba
ax by = ax by ( ) = ax by
sididis gamosaTvlelad gamoviyeneT formula 3.27 (veqtorebs -s da -s aqvT erTeuli sidide da maT Soris kuTxea 90).
-is mimarTulebis sapovnelad gamoviyeneT marjvena

xelis wesi da davadgineT, rom is mimarTulia z RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT (maSasadame
-s mimarTulebiT).

3.29 formulaSi frCxilebis gaxsna mogvcems:
= (ay bz by az) + (az bx bz ax) + (ax by bx ay)
(3.30)
veqtoruli namravlis gamoTvla, agreTve, SesaZlebelia determinantis (rogorc naC

venebia E danarTSi) an kalkulatoris gamoyenebiT.
imis dasadgenad, aris Tu ara xyz koordinatTa sistema marjvena sistema,
veqto
ruli namravlisTvis gamoiyene marjvena xelis wesi. Tu gaSlili ceri z RerZis dadebiTi
mimarTulebiTaa, maSin es sistema marjvenaa.
sakontrolo wertili 5. C da D veqtorebis sidideebia Sesabamisad, 3 da 4 erTeuli. ra
iqneba C -s da D -s mimarTulebebs Soris kuTxe, Tu am veqtorebis veqtoruli namravli
C D aris 1) nuli da 2) 12 erTeuli?
77
3.8
3.21 suraTze veqtori xy sibrtyeSi Zevs,

misi sididea 18 erTeuli, xolo daxriloba
x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis mimarT _

250.
veqtoris sididea 12 erTeuli, xolo
mimarTuleba z RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebas emTxveva. rogori iqneba veqtoruli namravli
amoxsna: rodesac ori veqtori mocemulia

sidide-kuTxuri saxiT, maT veqtorul namravls vpoulobT 3.27 formulis saSuale-
veqtori (xy sibrtyeSi)

veqtoruli namravlia.
sur. 3.21.
da
veqtorebis
biT:
c = ab sin = (18)(12)(sin 90) = 216 (pasuxi)

aseTi Canaweris dros ori veqtoris
Tuli. gaSlili ceri gviCvenebs
mimarTulebas. maSasadame, rogorc suraTzea

Zevs xy sibrtyeze. imis gamo, rom
veqtoruli namravlis mimarTulebas vpou
naCvenebi,
lobT marjvena xelis wesiT. 3.21 suraTze
misi mimarTuleba
warmoidgine, rom Seni marjvena xeli
kuTxe iqneba
da
veqtoridan
-skenaa mimar-

Tu
=
=3 4 da
=2 +3 , ra iqneba
amoxsna: rodesac ori veqtori mocemulia

erTeulovan-veqtoruli saxiT, maTi veqtoruli namravlis povna SeiZleba uRleba-
-s perpendikularulia,
25090 = 160
veqtorebis sibrtyis perpendikularulia,

xolo TiTebi
veqtoris
(pasuxi)
x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi.
3.9
jvena xelis wesiT. aq pirveli wevrisTvis or
veqtors Soris kuTxe nulis tolia. danarCeni wevrebisTvis =90. vipovoT:
= 6(0)+9( )+8( )12

= 12 9 8
(pasuxi)
dobis kanonis gamoyenebiT. es niSnavs, rom

veqtori
SegviZlia davweroT:
= (3 4 )(2 +3 )
= 3 (2 )+3 3 +(4 )(2 )+(4 )3 .
Semdeg TiToeul wevrs gamoviTvliT 3.27
formuliT da mimarTulebas vipoviT mar-
da
veqtorebis perpendi-
kularulia. amis damtkiceba SeiZleba, Tu

vaCvenebT, rom
navs, rom
=0 da
=0. es niS-
veqtoris komponenti
-s an
-s
mimarTulebis gaswvriv ar arsebobs.
taqtika
5:
dakavSirebuli
domebi.
veqtorul namravlTan
gavrcelebuli Sec-
veqtoruli namravlis povnis dros gavrcele

bulia ramdenime Secdoma: 1) rodesac veqtorebi suraTze mocemulia ise, rom erTis saTave meores bolos emTxveva, maT
sworad ar alageben. Tqven gonebaSi unda ganalagoT (ukeTesia gadaxazoT) veqtorebi
ise, rom saerTo saTavidan gamodiodnen, magram ar unda SecvaloT maTi mimarTuleba.
2) marjvena xelis wesis arasworad gamoyeneba,

rodesac xelSi kalkulatori an fanqari uWiravT. 3) zogjer namravlis pirvel veqtors
ver mimarTaven meore veqtorisken, vinaidan
es xelis saSinel daZabvas moiTxovs. zogjer
igive xdeba, rodesac veqtors warmosaxviT
abruneben marjvena xelis gamoyenebis nacvlad. 4) marjvena koordinatTa sistemasTan
dakavSirebiT Secdoma xdeba, rodesac gaviwydeba, rogor aago aseTi sistema (ixile sur.
3.14).
78
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
skalarebi da veqtorebi. skalarebs, mag-
toruli komponentebi, xolo ax, ay da az ska-
aliTad temperaturas, mxolod ricxviTi
laruli komponentebi.
mniSvneloba aqvs. isini ganisazRvreba ricxviTi erTeuliT (10C) da emorCileba Cveulebrivi ariTmetikisa da algebris kanonebs.
veqtorebs,
magaliTad,
gadaadgilebas,
veqtorebis Sekreba komponentebiT. veq

torebis komponenturi formiT Sesakrebad,
viyenebT wesebs:
ricxviTi mniSvnelobac aqvs da mimarTule-
rx = ax + bx, ry = ay + by, rz = az + bz (3.11- 3.13)
bac (5m, CrdiloeTiT). isini veqtoruli al-
aq
gebris kanonebs emorCileba.
veqtorebis geometriulad Sesakrebad
saWiroa isini ise davalagoT, rom erTis saTave meoris bolos emTxveodes. pirveli veqtoris saTavisa da meore veqtoris bolos
damakavSirebeli
Ta jami.
veqtori aris am veqtor-
-s rom
gamovakloT, amisTvis
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT
-s misaRebad. Semdeg
SevabrunoT
davumatoT
-s.
veqtorebis Sekreba emorCileba gadanacvlebadobisa da uRlebadobis kanonebs.
veqtoris komponentebi. nebismieri organzomilebiani veqtoris ax da ay skalaruli komponentebi koordinatTa RerZebis

gaswvriv moiZebneba
veqtoris boloebidan
koordinatTa RerZebze perpendikularebis

daSvebiT. komponentebi moicema formulebiT:
ax=acos
da ay=asin ,
(3.5)
sadac aris kuTxe x RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebasa da
Sesakrebi veqtorebia, xolo
veq-
torTa jami.
veqtorebis geometriuli Sekreba.

da
da
veqtorebi da fizikuri kanonebi. nebismieri
fizikuri
veqtorebs
mdgomareoba,
Seexeba,
SeiZleba
romelic
gamoisaxos
bevr SesaZlo koordinatTa sistemaSi. Cveulebriv, virCevT umartives koordinatTa

sistemas. Tumca, veqtorul sidideebs Soris kavSiri da fizikuri kanonebi ar aris
damokidebuli Cvens mier arCeul koordinatTa sistemaze.
skalaris namravli veqtorze. s skalarisa da
veqtoris namravli axali veqto-
ria, romlis sididea s. mimarTuleba emTxveva
-s, Tu s dadebiTia, da sawinaaRmdegoa,
Tu s uaryofiTia.
-s s-ze gasayofad -s vam-
ravlebT 1/s-ze.
skalaruli namravli.
da
veqtorebis
skalaruli namravli iwereba ase:
b da
skalaruli sididea, romelic moicema formuliT:
= ab cos,
veqtoris mimarTulebas
(3.20)
aris kuTxe -sa da -s mimarTule-
Soris. komponentis algebruli niSani mis
sadac
mimarTulebas aCvenebs Sesabamisi RerZis
bebs Soris. skalaruli namravli aris erTi
mimarT. komponentebis saSualebiT SesaZle-
veqtoris sididisa da am veqtoris mimar-
belia
Tulebaze meore veqtoris skalaruli kom-
veqtoris sididisa da mimarTulebis
dadgena:
ponentis namravli.
ay
a = ax2 + ay2 da tg = a
x
(3.6)
erTeulovan-veqtoruli Canaweri. erTeulovani veqtorebis ,
da
-s sidideebi
erTis tolia, xolo mimarTulia, Sesabamisad, marjvena koordinatTa sistemis x, y da
z RerZebis dadebiT mimarTulebas emTxveva.

veqtoris Cawera erTeulovani veqtorebis
saSualebiT SeiZleba Semdegi saxiT:

sadac ax , ay
= ax + ay +az
(3.7)
da az aris
veqtoris veq-
erTelovan-veqtorul CanawerSi:
= (ax +ay +az )(bx +by +bz )
(3.22)
SegviZlia am formulis gavrcoba uRlebadobis kanonis gamoyenebiT. aRsaniSnavia,

rom
= .
veqtoruli namravli. ori
da
veqto-
ris veqtoruli namravli iwereba ase:

da aris

sadac
veqtori, romlis sididea:
c = ab sin ,
(3.27)
aris -sa da -s mimarTulebebs So-
79
ris umciresi kuTxe. -s mimarTuleba
veqtorul CanawerSi
da
=(ax +ay +az )(bx +by +bz ) (3.29)
veqtorebis sibrtyis perpendikularulia

da ganisazRvreba marjvena xelis wesiT,
rogorc naCvenebia 3.20 suraTze. daimaxsovre, rom
= ( ). erTeulovan-
am gamosaxulebis gavrcobac SeiZleba uRle

badobis kanonis gamoyenebiT.
SekiTxvebi
1 floridis universitetis golfis gundma
unda iTamaSos mdeloze, romlis SuagulSi
a)
= + , aris Tu ara
+( )= + ( );
b)
=( )+ +
xy koordinatTa sistemaSi. gundis wevrebma
g)
+( )=
burTi unda Caagdon xvrelSi, romlis koor-
6 3.23 suraTze naCvenebi ori veqtori Zevs

xy sibrtyeSi. ra niSnebi eqneba x da y komponentebs a) 1+ 2-sTvis, b) 1 2-sTvis da
g) 2 1-sTvis?
y
àligatoris ormoa~ amoTxrili. 3.22 suraTze naCvenebia golfis moednis zedxedi
dinatebia (8m, 12m). magram burTis Cagdebis

ufleba aqvT mxolod qvemoT mocemuli
gadaadgilebebis erTxel an metjer gamoyenebiT:
1
=(8m) +(6m) ,
=(6m) ,
Tu
da
= (8m)
àligatoris ormos~ koordinatebia (8 m, 6 m).
Tu gundis romelime wevri burTs am ormoSi
Caagdebs an ormoze gadaatarebs, es moTamaSe

avtomaturad gadaecema floridis Statis
universitets mTavar mters. gadaadgilebebis ra mimdevroba unda gamoiyenos universitetis gundis wevrma, rom burTi ormoSi ar
Cauvardes?
sur. 3. 23. KkiTxva 6.
3.24 suraTze naCvenebi RerZebis romeli
ganlagebaa marjvena koordinatTa sistema?

rogorc wesi, RerZis simbolo mis dadebiT
mimarTulebas aRniSnavs.
ormo
z
àligatoris
ormos~
sur. 3.22
kiTxva 1.
SeiZleba Tu ara, rom ori veqtoris si-
dideebis jami am veqtorebis jamis sididis
z
(a)
toli iyos? Tu ara, maSin ratom? Tu ki, maSin

rodis?
3.2 formulaSi vxedavT, rom
da
dobis kanons. niSnavs Tu ara es, rom

?
gamosaxe
a)
+ =
b)
+ = ;
g)
+ =
da
veqtorebi ise, rom
da a + b = c;
da a2+b2=c2.
(b)
(g)
veq-
torebis Sekreba emorCileba gadanacvleba-
=
y
(d)
z
(e)
(v)
80
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
8
Tu
= , aris Tu ara
da
erT-
maneTis toli?
Tu
veqtori da
sxva oTxi veqtori, romelTac Tanabari
=q( + ) da
aris
-s perpendi-
kularuli, maSin rogori mimarTule-ba eqneba
10 3.26 suraTze naCvenebia
-s 3.25 suraTze naCveneb sam mdgomareo-
baSi, rodesac q mudmiva a) dadebiTia da
sidide da sxvadasxva mimarTuleba aqvT. a) am

oTxi veqtoridan romelTa skalaruli namravlia
-ze erTmaneTis toli? b) romlis
-ze skalaruli namravlia uaryofiTi?
b) uaryofiTia?
y
x
z
x
z
(1)
z
(2)
(3)
amocanebi
=30. gansazRvre veqtoris: a) x komponenti da b) y komponenti.
SSM
amoxsnebi mocemulia Student Solutions

Manual-Si.
www
amoxsnebi mocemulia veb-gverdze

ILW
Interactive LearningWare amoxsnebi mocemulia veb-gverdze http://www.wiley.com/

college/halliday.
gemi sawyisi wertilidan 100 km-iT aRmosav-
wertilebis raodenoba
amocanis sirTules
gemma unda gacuros 120 km CrdiloeTis
mimarTulebiT.
moulodnelma
qariSxalma
leTiT gadaanacvla. a) ra manZili da b) ra
gviCvenebs
mimarTulebiT unda gacuros gemma daniSnulebis adgilamde misaRwevad?
qveTavi 3-4. veqtoris komponentebi
ras udris xy sibrtyeze mdebare
6 3.28
veq-
suraTze mZime meqanizmi 12,5m
(d=12,5) manZilze aacures 20-iT daxril

(=20).
toris a) x komponenti da b) y komponenti, Tu
ficarze
misi mimarTulebaa 250 x RerZis dadebiTi
bidan ra simaRleze aacures meqanizmi?
mimarTulebis mimarT, saaTis isris sawinaaR-
b) horizontalurad ra manZilze gadaad
mdego mimarTulebiT, xolo sididea 7,3 m?
gilda igi?
a)
sawyisi
mdebareo-
mocemuli kuTxeebi gamosaxe radianebSi:
a) 20, b) 50, g) 100. mocemuli kuTxeebi gadaiyvane gradusebSi: d) 0,33 radiani, e) 2,1
radiani, v) 7,7 radiani.
veqtoris x komponentia 25 m, xolo y
komponentia +40 m. a) risi tolia

sidide? b) ras udris kuTxe
veqtoris
veqtorsa da
x RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebas Soris? SSM.
4 3.27
suraTze
gadaadgilebis veqtori
xy sibrtyeSi Zevs. misi

sididea 15 m, kuTxe ki
oTaxis zomebia 3m (simaRle) 3,70 m
4,3 m. buzi frenas erTi kuTxidan iwyebs,

x
Semoifrens oTaxis garSemo da Cerdeba diagonalurad mopirdapire kuTxeSi. a) risi

tolia misi gadaadgilebis sidide? SeiZleba
(30, 40), (bx ,70), (20, cy), (80,70). oTxi gar-
Tu ara misi traeqtoriis sigrZe b) naklebi
benis mTliani gadaadgilebis xy komponente-
iyos gadaadgilebis sidideze? g) meti iyos
bia (140, 20). risi tolia a) bx da b) cy? risi
gadaadgilebis sidideze? d) toli iyos
tolia mTliani gadaadgilebis g) sidide da
gadaadgilebis sididisa? e) airCie Sesabamisi
d) kuTxe (x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis
koordinatTa sistema da gamosaxe gadaadg-
mimarT)?
ilebis veqtoris komponentebi erTeulovan-
14 gvaqvs ori veqtori,
veqtoruli saxiT. v) Tu buzi frenis nacvlad fexiT dadis, gamoTvale traeqtoriis

umoklesi SesaZlebeli sigrZe (miniSneba: am
kiTxvaze pasuxi gamoTvlis gareSe SeiZleba
gaices. oTaxi yuTs hgavs. gaSale misi kedlebi da sibrtyeze ganalage). SSM WWW.
qveTavi 3-5. veqtoris Sekreba komponentebiT
adamiani fexiT midis mocemuli marSru
=(3m) +(4m) da b =
(5 m) +(-2 m) . warmoadgine
+ b : a) erTeulo-
van-veqtoruli saxiT, ipove misi b) sidide da

g) kuTxe ( -s mimarT). axla warmoadgine b
d) erTeulovan veqtoruli saxiT da ipove
misi e) sidide da v) kuTxe.
15 mocemulia ori veqtori:

= (4 m) (3 m) +(1 m)
= (1 m) +(1 m) +(4 m)
da
tiT: 3,1 km CrdiloeTiT, Semdeg 2,4 km dasav-
erTeulovan-veqtoruli saxiT warmoadgine:
leTiT, bolos ki 5,2 km samxreTiT. a) aage
a)
+ , b)
b da g) mesame
veqtori, rom-
veqtorebi am moZraobisTvis. b) ra manZilze
lisTvisac
da g) ra mimarTulebiT gafrindeboda Citi
16 Sen akeTeb oTx wrfiv moZraobas brtyel
wrfivad imave sawyisi wertilidan imave saboloo wertilamde.
9 adamianma ganizraxa mivides 3,4 km-iT daSorebul adgilze, romelic 35 Crdilo-aR-
+ c =0. SSM.
zedapirze. moZraobas iwyeb xy koordinatTa

sistemis aTvlis saTavidan da amTavreb wertilSi (140m, 30m). moZraobebis x da y komponentebia (metrebSi): 20 da 60, bx da 70, 20 da
dasavleTiT mimarTuli quCebi. ra minimal-
cy, 60 da 70. risi tolia a) bx komponenti

da b) cy komponenti? gamoTvale mTliani
gadaadgilebis g) sidide da d) kuTxe (x Rer-
uri manZilis gavlis Semdeg miaRwevs is dan-
Zis dadebiTi mimarTulebis mimarT).
iSnulebis adgils?
17
10 manqana gadis 50 km-s aRmosavleTiT, Sem-
didea 50 m da TiToeuli xy sibrtyeSi Zevs. x
deg 30 km-s CrdiloeTiT, bolos ki 25 km-s 30
RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis mimarT maTi
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. aage veqtorebi da
kuTxeebia, Sesabamisad, 30, 195 da 215. ga-
gansazRvre manqanis mTliani gadaadgilebis
moTvale
a) sidide da b) kuTxe.
moTvale
11
gamoTvale
mosavleTiT mdebareobs. amisTvis man unda

gaiaros Crdilo-samxreTiT an aRmosavleT-
a) erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi ra
iqneba jami
+ , Tu
= (4 m) + (3m) da
(13m) +(7m) ? gamoTvale
-s b) sidide
da g) mimarTuleba. SSM.
12
da
gadaadgilebebis komponentebia
c x = 7 , 4 , c y = 3 , 8 , c z = 6 , 1 ; d x= 4 , 4 , d y = 2 ,
da
veqtorebidan TiToeulis si-
+ + -s: a) sidide da b) kuTxe. ga + -s: g) sidide da d) kuTxe.

veqtoris: e) sidide da v) kuTxe,
romlisTvisac (
18
+ ) ( +
jamSi
) = 0. ILW.
veqtoris sididea 12
m, xolo daxriloba x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis mimarT aris 40, saaTis isris
moZraobis
sawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT.
veqtoris sididea 15m, xolo daxrilo-
dz = 3,3. moZebne jamuri veqtoris a) x, b) y

da g) z komponentebi.
ba x RerZis uaryofiTi mimarTulebis mi-
13 texasuri mziT Sewuxebuli WianWvela xy
dego mimarTulebiT. ras udris
sibrtyeze darbis. oTxi mimdevrobiTi garbenis x da y komponentebi santimetrebSi aseTia:
marT 20 saaTis isris moZraobis sawinaaRmveqtoris
a) sidide da b) daxriloba (x RerZis dadebiTi

mimarTulebis mimarT)?
81
82
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
19 3.29
suraTze
da
veqtorebi Tana-
pirveli xoWos axali mdebareobis adgilze?
bari sididisaa 10 m, xolo maTi kuTxeebia
24
1 = 30 da 2 = 105. moZebne jamuri veqtoris a) x da b) y komponentebi, g) -is sidide

da d) kuTxe x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis
TovaSi moyva (Tova imdenad Zlieria, rom mi-
mimarT. SSM ILW WWW.
magram, rodesac amindi gamokeTda, aRmoaCi-
bazaze dabrunebis dros mkvlevari
wis da zecis garCevac ki SeuZlebelia). mkvlevari apirebda 5,6 km-is gavlas CrdiloeTiT,
na, rom 7,8 km gaiara Crdilo-aRmosavleTi-
dan 50 kuTxiT. a) ra manZilze da b) ra mimarTulebiT unda imoZraos mkvlevarma bazaze

dasabruneblad?
25
a) 3.30 suraTze a gverdis sigrZis
kubi erTi kuTxiT exeba xyz koordinatTa

sistemis aTvlis saTaves. diagonali aris
20
a) risi tolia qvemoT mocemuli oTxi
xazi, romelic erT kuTxes akavSirebs meoresTan centris gavliT. erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi, ra iqneba sxeulis di-
erTeulovan-veqtoru-
agonali kuTxidan, romlis koordinatebia
li saxiT? risi tolia am jamis b) sidide,
a) (0,0,0), b) (a, 0, 0), g) (0, a, 0) da d) (a,a,0)?
g) kuTxe gradusebSi da d) kuTxe radianeb-
e) gamoTvale kuTxeebi diagonalsa da mimde-
Si?
bare gverdebs Soris. v) gansazRvre sxeulis
veqtoris
jami
: 6m +0,9 radiani
: 5m 75
: 4m +1,2 radiani
: 6m 210
diagonalis sigrZe a-s mimarT. SSM.

z
21 Wadrakis figurebi gadaadgildeba kvadratebze, romelTa gverdebi 1,0 sm-ia. mxedari

gadaadgileba Semdegi gziT: a) ori kvadrati
win, erTi kvadrati marjvniv; 2) ori kvadrati

marcxniv, erTi kvadrati win; 3) ori kvadrati
win, erTi kvadrati marcxniv. rogori iqneba

x
b) kuTxe (wina mimarTulebis mimarT) am sami
svlis zedized gakeTebis Semdeg?
22 A
oazisi B oazisidan aRmosavleTiT
25 km manZilzea. aqlemi moZraobas iwyebs A

oazisidan, gadis 24km-s samxreT-aRmosavleTidan 15 kuTxiT, Semdeg ki 8km-s CrdiloeTiT. ra manZiliTaa daSorebuli aqlemi B
oazisidan?
qveTavi 3-8.
kanonebi
26 3.31
or garbens da pirvelad 1,6m-s garbis Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan 40 kuTxiT. rogori

unda iyos xoWos meore garbenis a) sidide da
b) mimarTuleba, Tu is unda dasruldes
da
suraTze 17 m sididis
fizikis
veqto-
y
y
ay
bils. pirveli xoWo garbis 0,5 m-s aRmosavleTidan 30 kuTxiT. meore xoWoc akeTebs
veqtorebi
ri mimarTulia x RerZis dadebiTi mimar-
23 ori xoWo erTi wertilidan iwyebs sirleTiT, Semdeg ki 0,8 m-s Crdilo-aRmosav-
mxedris mTliani gadaadgilebis a) sidide da
x
y
ax
83
Tulebisadmi =56 kuTxiT saaTis isris

sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. rogori iqneba veqtoris a) ax da b) ay komponentebi? meore
koordinatTa
sistema
pirvelis
mimarT
daxrilia =18 kuTxiT. rogori iqneba

g) ax da d) ay komponentebi am koordinatTa
sistemaSi?
qveTavi 3-8. veqtorebis gamravleba
27
veqtorebi xy sibrtyeze Zevs. maTi
da
sidideebia 4,5 da 7,3 erTeuli, xolo kuTxeebi _ 320 da 85 x RerZis dadebiTi mi-
kuTxea = 30. rogori iqneba
veqtoris a) x
marTulebis mimarT saaTis isris moZraobis
da b) y komponentebi? rogori iqneba
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. rogori iqne-
ris g) x da d) y komponentebi? rogori iqneba

veqtoris e) x da v) y komponentebi?
ba a) -isa da b) -is mniSvnelobebi?
28
mocemulia ori veqtori:
da
=2 +4 . moZebne a)
g) (
da d)
=3 +5
, b)
-s komponenti
,
-s gas-
=p + q , rogori iqneba z) p-s da T) q-s
Tu
mniSvnelobebi?
36
mimebis Sexvedrisas, pirveli mimis
wvriv (miniSneba: d)-sTvis ganixile formula
gadaadgilebaa
3.20 da sur. 3.19).
orisa
29 mocemulia sami veqtori:

=1 4 +2
a)
30
=3 +3 2 ,
=2 +2 +1 . moZebne
da
), b) ( b + ) da g)
=3 2 +4
Tu
tolia (
31
)(
da
)?
+ ).
=5 +2 , risi
or mocemul veqtors Soris kuTxis
gamosaTvlelad gamoiyene skalaruli nam =ab cos da is
ravlis gansazRvreba
= axbx + ayby+azbz.
faqti, rom
+3 +3 da
32
+4 +6
da
=3 +
=2 + +3 SSM ILW WWW.
namravlSi
=q , q=2,
=2 +
=4 20 +12 , Tu Bx=By ,
rogori saxe eqneba
veqtors erTeulovan-
veqtorul CanawerSi?
33
veqtoris sididea 6 erTeuli,
veqtorisa 7 erTeuli, amasTan,

rogori iqneba kuTxe
-sa da
-is
2
=(4m) +(5m) ,
=(3m) +(4m) . gamoTvale a)
, g) (
mimarTulebis
da d)
=3 +4 +2
35 3.32
=7 8
suraTze mocemuli veqtorebis
sidideebia: a=3 m, b=4 m, c=10 m, xolo
komponenti
(miniSneba:
d)-sTvis ixile formula 3.20 da sur. 3.19).
kldis
lis
Si
ori
nawevi
mopirdapire
erTmaneTis
suraTze A
bamde
ewodeba
mimarT
da B
erTmaneTs
bzars,
mxare
rom-
warsul-
wanacvlda.
3.33
wertilebi wanacvleemTxveoda.
gadaadg-
ileba AB wanacvlebis mTlian sibrtyezea.
AB-s horizontaluri komponenti aris AC

horizontaluri wanacvleba. AB-s komponenti, romelic wanacvlebis sibrtyis qvemoTaa
mimarTuli, aris AD siRrmiseuli wanacvleba. a) gamoTvale AB mTliani gadaadgilebis
horizontaluri
wanacvleba
)?
=2 +3 4
me-
gaswvriv.
mocemuli sami veqtorisTvis, risi
toli iqneba 3 (2
xolo
=14.
-s mimarTule-
bebs Soris?
34
b)
37
veqto-
siRrmiseuli
wanacvleba
wanacvlebis
sibrtye
84
Tavi 3
veqtorebi
sidide, Tu AC= 22 m, xolo AD = 17 m. b) Tu
43 3.35 suraTze mocemuli veqtorebisTvis
wanacvlebis sibrtye horizontis mimarT ga-
a=4, b=3 da c=5. gamoTvale a)

b) da g) .
daixara =52 kuTxiT, rogori iqneba AB-s

vertikaluri komponenti?
38 da veqtorebis komponentebia: ax= 3,2,

ay = 1,6, bx = 0,5, by = 4,5. a) gamoTvale kuTxe
-sa da -s mimarTulebebs Soris. xy sibrtyeze Zevs
-s perpendikularuli ori veq-
tori, romelTagan TioToeulis sididea 5 m.

veqtors aqvs dadebiTi x komponenti, xolo
veqtors uaryofiTi x komponenti. rogori iqneba
veqtoris b) x da g) y komponentebi
veqtoris d) x da e) y komponentebi?
da
sur. 3. 35. Kamocanebi 43 da 44.
44 3.35 suraTze mocemuli veqtorebisTvis

a = 4, b = 3 da c = 5. gamoTvale
-s a) si-
dide da b) mimarTuleba. gamoTvale
-s g) sidide da d) mimarTuleba. gamoTvale
-s e) sidide da v) mimarTuleba (z RerZi

ar aris naCvenebi).
P
t1 momenti
45 10 erTeulis sididis
t2 momenti
Teuli sididis
gansxvavdeba 60-iT. ipove a) am veqtorebis
39 45 sm radiusis borbali horizontalur

zedapirze migoravs (sur. 3.34). t1 momentSi
borblis P wertili zedapirs exeba. t2 momentSi borbali naxevrad Semobrundeba. ro-
gori iqneba P-s gadaadgilebis a) sidide da

b) kuTxe (zedapiris mimarT)?
40
momitinge Tavisi plakatiT moZrao-
bas iwyebs xyz koordinatTa sistemaSi xy sibrtyeze. is gadis 40 m-s x RerZis uaryofiTi
mimarTulebiT, Semdeg 20 m-s marjvniv, perpendikularuli traeqtoriiT, bolos ki
25m-s zeviT, wyalsaqaCi koSkis mimarTulebiT. a) rogori iqneba plakatis mTliani

gadaadgileba erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi? b) momitingem plakati wyalsaqaC koSkTan daagdo. rogori iqneba plakatis sruli
gadaadgilebis sidide misi moZraobis dasawyisidan dasasrulamde?
41 Tu
Tu
-s, miviRebT 6 + .
-s davumatebT
-s gamovaklebT
risi tolia
-s, miviRebT 4 +7 .
-s sidide?
42 Tu B -s davumatebT
=3 +4 -s, miviRebT
veqtoris sididisa da y RerZis dadebiTi

mimarTulebis veqtors. risi tolia
dide?
veqtori da 6 er-
veqtori erTmaneTisgan
-s si
skalaruli namravli da b)
veqtoruli
namravlis sidide.
46
-s sididea 12m, xolo kuTxe RerZis
dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi _ 60 saaTis isris moZraobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT.

koordinatTa imave sistemaSi
=(12m)
+(8m) . koordinatTa sistema aTvlis saTavis garSemo SemovabrunoT saaTis isris moZraobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT 20
kuTxiT. miviRebT xy koordinatTa sistemas. rogori iqneba axal sistemaSi a)
b)
veqtorebi
da
erTeulovan-veqtorul
CanawerSi?
47 ialqniani navi eris tbis amerikuli napiridan kanaduri napiris im wertilisken

micuravs, romelic CrdiloeTiT 90 km-zea.
Tumca, mezRvauri Cerdeba sawyisi wertilidan 50 km-iT aRmosavleTiT. a) ra manZili da
b) ra mimarTulebiT unda gascuros mezRvaurma daniSnulebis adgilze misaRwevad?
48 ipove mocemuli oTxi veqtoris jami

a) erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi, misi
b) sidide da g) +x-Tan kuTxe.
P : 10 m, +x-dan 25 saaTis isris moZraobis

85
Q : 10 m, +y-dan 10 saaTis isris moZraobis
a)
Soris?
R : 8 m, y-dan 20 saaTis isris moZraobis
53 mocemuli gvaqvs sami gadaadgileba me-
mimarTulebiT
trebSi:
S : 90 m, y-dan 40 saaTis isris moZraobis
49 mocemulia ori veqtori:

= (4 m) -(3 m)
ras
udris
=(6 m) +(8 m)
da
veqtoris
a)
da
veqtoris
g) sidide da d) kuTxe? ras udris
e) sidide da v) kuTxe? ras udris
-s
-s
z) sidide da T) kuTxe? ras udris
-s
i) sidide da k) kuTxe? l) rogori iqneba kuTxe

-s
, b)
-s mimarTulebebs Soris?
da g) kuTxe
-sa da
-s
=4 +5 6
=1 +2 +3
da
=4 +3 +2
a) rogori iqneba
sidide
b) kuTxe ( -sadmi)? ras udris
b) rogori iqneba kuTxe -sa da z RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebas Soris? g) risi tolia
komponenti
-is mimarTulebis gaswvriv?
d) risi tolia
2
-is
da
-is
-is komponenti, romelic
mimarTulebis
perpendikularulia
-is sibrtyezea? (miniSneba:

2
-isa da
1
g)-sTvis gaiTvaliswine formula 3.20 da sur.
50 cecxlovani WianWvela piknikis teri-
3.19; d)-sTvis gaiTvaliswine formula 3.27).
toriaze cxeli sousis mosaZebnad midis
54
da horizontalur zedapirze akeTebs sam
= 0,4m samxreT-dasavle=0,5m aRmosavleTiT, da 3=0,6m

2
gadaadgilebas:
TiT,
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT
dadebiTi
mimarTuleba
60-iT. x
iyos
RerZis
aRmosavle-
Ti, xolo y RerZis dadebiTi mimarTuleba

CrdiloeTi. rogori iqneba
b) y komponentebi?
-is a) x da
-is g) x da d) y komponen-
-is e) x da v) y komponentebi? rogo-
tebi?
ri iqneba WianWvelas sruli gadaadgilebis

z) x komponenti, T) y komponenti, i) sidide
da k) mimarTuleba? Tu WianWvela pirdapir
sawyis wertils daubrundeba, l) ra manZilze
da m) ra mimarTulebiT unda imoZraos?
51 qali gadis 250m-s Crdilo-aRmosavle

TiT 30-iT, Semdeg ki 175m-s aRmosavle-
veqtorebi xy sibrtyeze Zevs.
da
-s sididea 8, xolo kuTxe aris 130.

-s komponentebia Bx=-7,72 da By=-9,2.
gamoTvale kuTxeebi y RerZis uaryofiT

mimarTulebas
Soris, (b)
g)
55
da
(a)
-s
mimarTulebas
-s mimarTulebas Soris,
( +3 ) mimarTulebas Soris.
da
veqtorebi xy sibrtyeze Zevs.
sididea 8.00, xolo kuTxe 130.
-s
-s kom-
ponentebia Bx=7,72 da By =9,2. (a) ipove
5 . rogori iqneba 4 3
(b) erTeu-
lovan-veqtorul CanawerSi da (g) sididekuTxur CanawerSi sferuli koordinatebiT

(ixile sur. 3.36)? (d) ipove kuTxe
-sa da
4 3 -is mimarTulebebs Soris (miniSneba:

dafiqrdi, sanam gamoTvlebs daiwyeb). rogoz
TiT. gamoTvale qalis sruli gadaadgilebis

a) sidide da b) kuTxe. g) gamoTvale mis mier
ganvlili manZili. d) ra ufro metia, ganvlili manZili Tu gadaadgilebis sidide? SSM.
52
gadaadgileba Zevs yz sibrtyeze,
y RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi 63

kuTxiTaa daxrili, aqvs dadebiTi z komponenti da 4,5 m sidide.
gadaadgileba Zevs xz
sibrtyeze, x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi 30 kuTxiTaa daxrili, aqvs dadebiTi
z komponenti da 1,4m sidide. rogori iqneba
sur. 3. 36. Kamocama 55.
86
veqtorebi
Tavi 3
CanawerSi da (v) sidide-kuTxur CanawerSi
+ -s (a) sidide da b) mimarTuleba?

risi tolia -s g) sidide da d) mimar-
sferuli koordinatebiT?
Tuleba? TiToeuli kombinaciisTvis aage
ri iqneba
56
(e) erTeulovan-veqtorul
veqtori mimarTulia y RerZis uar
lia
veqtoruli diagrama.
veqtori
63 golfis moTamaSe burTs xvrelSi sam
x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT. ra mimar
dartymaSi agdebs. pirveli dartyma burTs
yofiTi mimarTulebiT, xolo
/(4)-s? rogori iqneba namravlis sidide (g) 1 2-sTvis

da d) 1( 2/4)-sTvis? rogori iqneba Sedegad miRebuli veqtoris mimarTuleba (e) 1
-sTvis da (v) 2 1-sTvis? rogori iqneba
2
Tuleba eqneba (a)
/4-s da (b)
veqtoruli namravlis sidide (z) (e)-Si da (T)

(v)-Si? rogori iqneba
/4)-is (i) sidide
da (k) mimarTuleba?
57 veqtori mimarTulia samxreTiT da misi

sididea 3m. ras udris 5 veqtoris (a) sidide
da (b) mimarTuleba? ras udris 2 veqtoris
(g) sidide da (d) mimarTuleba?
58 Tu
=5
maSin rogori iqneba (a)
=3
da
da (b)
=2 +4
erTeulo-
van veqtorul CanawerSi?
59
gamoTvale mocemuli oTxi veqtoris
jami a) erTeulovan veqtorul CanawerSi,

misi b) sidide da g) kuTxe.

unda davumatoT 7.0 m sididis
veqtori
veqtors.
jami gvaZlevs mesame veqtors, romelic mimarTulia y RerZis gaswvriv da misi sidide
3-jer metia -s sidideze. rogori iqneba -s

sidide?
61 sami veqtori mocemulia metrebSi:

=3 +3 +2
1
(
1
62 5m sididis
5m aRmosavleTiT da bolos
deg
6m Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT 60-iT. airCie

koordinatTa sistema, sadac y RerZi aCvenebs
CrdiloeTs, xolo x RerZi aRmosavleTs.
-is (a) x komponenti da (b) y
risi tolia
komponenti? risi tolia
-is (g) x kompo-
nenti da d) y komponenti? risi tolia
-is
(e) x komponenti da (v) y komponenti? risi

tolia wertilis mTliani gadaadgilebis
(z) x komponenti, (T) y komponenti, (i) sidide
(
1
dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi daxrilia 63-iT,

aqvs dadebiTi z komponenti da 3,2 erTeulis
toli sidide.
veqtori Zevs xz sibrtyeze, x
RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi 48 kuTxiTaa daxrili, aqvs dadebiTi z komponenti da
1,4 erTeulis toli sidide. ipove (a)

(b) da (g) kuTxe -s da -s Soris.
66
(a)
erTeulovan-veqtorul
rogori
=5 +4 6 ,
= 4 + 3
+
2
+ 2
iqneba
= + ,
,
Cana
Tu
=2 +2 +3
da
(b) gamoTvale kuTxe
-sa
da z RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebas Soris.
),
veqtori
samxreTiT. 4m sididis
veqtori yz sibrtyeze Zevs, y RerZis
=2 +3 +1
), (g )
3
64 wertili sibrtyeze samjer gadaad

gildeba: 14m samxreT-dasavleTiT, Sem-
werSi
=2 4 +2
da (b) mimarTuleba?
65
60 x RerZis gaswvriv mimarTuli
(b)
Casagdebad saWiro gadaadgilebis (a) sidide
imoZraos?
:5m,235
ipove Sedegebi: (a)
leTiT. risi tolia erTi dartymiT burTis
unda gaiaros da (m) ra mimarTulebiT unda
:4m,+65
xolo mesame dartyma 0,91m samxreT-dasav-
bareobaSi brundeba, maSin (l) ra manZili
=(4m) (6m)
dartyma 1,83m samxreT-aRmosavleTiT,
da (k) mimarTuleba? Tu wertili sawyis mde-
=(2m) +(3m)
gadaaadgilebs 3,66m CrdiloeTiT, meore
).
3
mimarTulia
veqtori mimarTu-
lia Crdilo-dasavleTidan 35-iT. risi to-
(g) rogori iqneba
-s komponenti
Tulebis gaswvriv? (d) ra iqneba

nenti
da
-s mimar-s kompo-
-s perpendikularulad, magram
-sa
-s sibrtyeze? (miniSneba: (g)-sTvis ixile
87
formula 3.2 da sur. 3.19. (d)-sTvis ixile
adgilebis veqtorebi mTliani gadaadgilebis
formula 3.27).
Semdegi sidideebis misaRebad: (a) 7 m, (b) 1 m da
67 8m sididis veqtori emateba veqtors,

romelic x RerZis gaswvriv aris mimarTuli.
75 bostonis centrSi banki gaZarcves (ixile
am ori veqtoris jami gvaZlevs axal veqtors,

romelic y RerZis gaswvrivaa mimarTuli da
aqvs
-ze orjer meti sidide. risi tolia
-s sidide?
68
ganvixiloT x RerZis dadebiTi mimar-
Tulebis
veqtori, y RerZis dadebiTi

veqtori da d skalari. ro-
mimarTulebis
gori iqneba
/d-s mimarTuleba, Tu d (a) da
debiTia da (b) uaryofiTia? risi tolia

(g)
/d-s sidide? ra mimar-
-s da (d)
Tuleba eqneba veqtors (e)
da (v)
(g) 5 m.
ruka 3.37 suraTze). policiisgan Tavis dasaRwevad mZarcvelebi TviTmfrinaviT gafrindnen da Seasrules sami frena: 32 km samxreTiT
dasavleTis mimarT 45-iT, 53 km dasavleTiT
CrdiloeTis mimarT 64-iT da 26km samxreTgadafrenis
Si moxda es? (ruqaze gadaadgilebebis Sesakrebad gamoiyene geometriuli meTodi).

bostoni da misi
Semogareni
salemi
voburni
leqsingtoni
/d-s T) sidide
da (i) mimarTuleba, Tu d dadebiTia?
69
mesame
bolos mZarcvelebi daakaves. romel qalaq-
(z) rogori iqneba veqtoruli namravlis sidide (e)-Si? rogori iqneba
18-iT.
aRmosavleTiT
arlingtoni
banki
medfordi
veqtoris sididea 2,5m, xolo mimar
valthami
Tuleba CrdiloeTi. risi tolia 4 -s
niutoni
(a) sidide da (b) mimarTuleba? risi tolia
velisli
3 -s (g) sidide da (d) mimarTuleba?
70 kaci seirnobas iwyebs xyz koordinatTa
bostoni
bruklini
dedhami
quinsi
sistemis saTavidan. xy sibrtye horizonta-
veimousi
luria, xolo x RerZi mimarTulia aRmosav-
uolpoli
leTisken. kacma gaiara 1000m aRmosavleTiT, Semdeg 2000m CrdiloeTiT, bolos ki
sur. 3. 37. Kamocana 75.
erTcentiani moneta 500m simaRlis kldidan

gadauvarda. (a) erTeulovan-veqtorul Cana
werSi, risi tolia erTcentiani monetis ga
daadgileba
kacis
moZraobis
dawyebidan
dacemamde? (b) rodesac kaci aTvlis saTavesTan brundeba, risi tolia misi mTliani
76
a) aCvene, rom
lia
nebismieri
b) risi tolia
( a ) nulis toda
veqtorisTvis.
( ) sidide, Tu
-sa da
-s mimarTulebebs Soris kuTxea ?
gadaadgilebis sidide?
77 aCvene, rom
71 moZebne a gverdis sigrZis kubSi diago-
xazs Soris moqceuli samkuTxedis (sur. 3.38)
nalebis TiToeul wyvils Soris kuTxe. ixile

+ =4
Sin risi tolia (a)
da (b)
73 davuSvaT,
ken,
veqtorebsa da wiTel
farTobia 1 | |.
2
amocana 25.
72 Tu =2 ,
da
da =3 +4 , ma?
mimarTulia aRmosavleTis
CrdiloeTisken, xolo
zeviT. risi
tolia namravlebis (a) ( ) (b) ( )( ) da

(g) ( ) sidide? saiTaa mimarTuli namravlebi (d) , (e) ( )( ) da (v) ( )( )?
74 ganixileba 3m da 4m sididis ori gadaadgileba. aCvene, rogor unda dajgufdes gada
sur. 3. 38. Kamocana 77.
78 aCvene, rom formula 3.29 gardaiqmneba

3.30-ad.
79 aCvene, rom formula 3.22 daiyvaneba
3.23-ze.
organzomilebiani da
samganzomilebiani
moZraoba
robi niveli `didi kanionis~ erTi napiridan meoreze gadaxta da motocikliT xtomis gasaocari rekordi daamyara _ 68 metri. robi, ra
Tqma unda, kanionis meore napirze daSvebas eswrafoda da sulac ar
undoda, rom Tundac umciresi Secdomis gamo kanionis fskerze aRmoGeniliyo.
rogor unda gansazRvros motocikliT mxtomelma naxtomis sawyisi siCqare?

pasuxs am TavSi SeityobT.
4.1 ra aris fizika?

am TavSi ganvagrZobT fizikis im nawilis Seswavlas, romelic moZraobas Seexeba, Tumca
amjerad ganvixilavT or an samganzomilebian moZraobas. magaliTad, medicinis mkvlevrebi
da aviainJinrebi did yuradRebas uTmoben or da samganzomilebian brunviT moZraobebs,
romlebic pilotebs sahaero brZolebSi sWirdebaT (moZraobis romeli parametrebi gamoiwvevs pilotis mier gonebis dakargvas?). sportuli inJinrebisTvis mTavaria, magaliTad, kalaTburTTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi (rodesac moTamaSe samquliani xazidan tyorcnis, ra siCqariT da kuTxiT unda gafrindes burTi, raTa kalaTSi moxvdes?).
samganzomilebiani moZraoba ioli gasaazrebeli ar aris. magaliTad, manqanas trasaze
albaT kargad marTavT (erTganzomilebiani moZraoba), magram asafren bilikze
TviTm-
frinavis dasma (samganzomilebiani moZraoba) varjiSis gareSe Zalian gagiWirdebaT.

organzomilebiani da samganzomilebiani moZraobis Seswavlas mdebareobiT da gadaadgilebiT viwyebT.
4.2
mdebareoba da gadaadgileba
wertilis mdebareobis gansazRvra
mdebareobis veqtoriT xdeba. mdebareobis veqto-
ri CvenTvis cnobil mdebareobas (Cveulebriv, koordinatTa sistemis aTvlis saTaves) am
88
89
4.2 mdebareoba da gadaadgileba

y
wertilTan akavSirebs. erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi
veqtori iqneba:
= x +y +z ,
sadac x ,y
da z
(2 m)
(-3m)
(5 m)
(4 .1 )
-is veqtoruli komponentebia,
xolo x, y da z koeficientebi -is skalaruli komponentebi.
x, y da z koeficientebi gviCvenebs wertilis mdebareobas koordinatTa RerZebis gaswvriv da aTvlis

saTavis mimarT, anu wertils gaaCnia marTkuTxa koordinatebi (x,y,z).
magaliTad, 4.1 suraTze naCvenebia
sur. 4.1 wertilis
mdebareobis veqtori aris wertilis veqtoruli komponentebis jami.
wertili mdebareobis veqtoriT:
= (3m) +(2m) +(5m)

da marTkuTxa koordinatebiT (-3m, 2m, 5m). x RerZis gaswvriv wertili 3 metriTaa
daSorebuli aTvlis saTavidan ( ) mimarTulebiT. y RerZis gaswvriv wertili 2 metriTaa
mimarTulebiT. z RerZis gaswvriv wertili 5 metriTaa
daSorebuli aTvlis saTavidan +
daSorebuli aTvlis saTavidan + mimarTulebiT.

wertilis moZraobasTan erTad misi mdebareobis veqtori ise icvleba, rom am wertils yovelTvis aTvlis saTavesTan akavSirebs. Tu mdebareobis veqtori drois garkveul
monakveTSi Seicvala
-dan
-ze, maSin wertilis D gadaadgileba drois am monakveTSi
iqneba:
D r =
1.
(4.2)
4.1 formulis erTeulovan-veqtoruli Canaweris gamoyenebis Sedegad es gadaadgileba

Semdeg saxes miiRebs:
D = (x2 +y2
an
sadac
+z2 )(x1 +y1 +z1 )
D = (x2 x1) +(y2 y1)
(x1,y1,z1) koordinatebi Seesabameba
dinatebi
+(z2 z1) ,
(4 .3 )
mdebareobis veqtors, xolo
(x2,y2,z2) koor-
mdebareobis veqtors. gadaadgilebis Cawera aseve SeiZleba, Tu (x2 _ x1)-is
nacvlad CavsvamT x-s, (y2y1)-is nacvlad y-s da (z2 z1)-is nacvlad z-s:
D
= Dx +Dy +Dz .
(4.4)
4.1
4.2 suraTze wertilis sawyisi mdebareobis
veqtoria
1
= (3m) +(2m) +(5m) ,
xolo momdevno mdebareobis:

2
-dan
gadaadgileba
z
-mde?
amoxsna: D
sur. 4.2 D =
gadaadgileba
x
2
= (9m) +(2m) +(8m) .
rogori iqneba wertilis D

1
miiReba
sab-
1 gadaadgilebis veqtori
2
veqtoris
bolos
aerTebs 2 veqtoris bo1
losTan.
90
Tavi 4
organzomilebiani da samganzomilebiani moZraoba
oloo mdebareobis veqtoridan
-is gamo
sakontrolo wertili 1. a) Tu Ramura

(2m, 4m, 3m) wertilidan frindeba da
(6m, 2m, 3m) wertilSi gadadis, ro-
klebiT:
D =
gori iqneba misi D gadaadgileba er

Teulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi? b) aris
= [9(3)] +[22] + [85]

= (12m) +(3m)
(pasuxi)
Tu ara D koordinatTa romelime sibrtyis paraleluri? Tu aris, maSin

romeli sibrtyis?
gadaadgilebis veqtori xz sibrtyeze Zevs,

vinaidan y komponenti ara gvaqvs. es faqti
ricxobriv SedegSi ufro kargad Cans, vidre 4.2 suraTze.
4.2

melzec, raoden gasakviric ar unda iyos,
amoxsna: 4.5 da 4.6 formulebis Tanaxmad,

kurdRlis mdebareobis x da y koordi-
koordinatTa RerZebia gavlebuli. kurd-
natebi
Rlis mdebareobis koordinatebi, rogorc
komponentebia. maSasadame, SegviZlia davw-
t drois funqcia, mocemulia formulebiT:
eroT:
x = 0,31 t2 + 7,2t + 28
(4.5)
da
y = 0,22 t2 9,1t + 30
(4.6)
( -is nacvlad
kurdReli
garbis
avtosadgomze,
ro
(t) = x(t) +y(t)
a) rodesac t=15wm, rogori iqneba kur-
(t)-s imis gamo davwereT,

-ic t
veqtori erTeulo-
drois funqciaa).
rodesac
skalaruli
kompo
x = (0,31) (15)2 + (7,2) (15) + 28 = 66
CanawerSi?
y
t=15wm,
nentebia:
van-veqtorul CanawerSi da sidide-kuTxur
(4.7)
rom komponentebi da, maSasadame,
t izomeba wamebSi, xolo x da y _ metrebSi.
dRlis mdebareobis
mdebareobis veqtoris skalaruli
ym
40
40
t = 0 wm
20
20
-41
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
-20
40
60
xm
80
5 wm
-20
-40
r
10 wm
-40
-60
15 wm
-60
(a)
25 wm
20 wm
(b)
sur. 4.3 a) kurdRlis mdebareobis veqtori, rodesac t =15 wm. -is skalaruli komponentebi naCvenebia
RerZebis gaswvriv. b) kurdRlis traeqtoria da misi mdebareobebi t-s xuTi mniSvnelobisTvis.
91
4.3 saSualo siCqare da myisi siCqare

da
y = (0,22) (15)2 (9,1) (15) +30 = 57
-is komponentebis niSnebis Seswavlam

gvaCvena, rom sasurveli kuTxe meoTxe meoTxedSia, maSasadame 139180 =
41).
b) aage kurdRlis traeqtoriis grafiki t=0-dan t=25 wm-mde.
maSasadame, rodesac t=15wm,

(t) = (66m) (57m) ,
(pasuxi)
rac gamosaxulia 4.3a suraTze.

-is sididisa da daxrilobis gamo
saTvlelad gamoviyenoT veqtoruli
kalkulatori an 3.6 formulis Tanaxmad davweroT:
r=
=
= 87 m,
da
amoxsna: t-s ramdenime mniSvnelobisTvis SegviZlia a) nawils davubrundeT da avagoT grafiki. 3.4.b suraTze
asaxulia grafiki t-s xuTi mniSvnelobisTvis. aseve SegviZlia gamoviyenoT
grafikuli kalkulatori da avagoT
parametruli anu y-is x-ze damokidebulebis grafiki, romlis koordinatebi
drois funqciebis saxiT mocemulia 4.5
da 4.6 formulebiT.
(pasuxi)
(57 m)
y
= tg1 = tg1
= 41
x
66 m
(pasuxi)
(miuxedavad imisa, rom kuTxeebis 139

da 41 tangensebi erTmaneTis tolia,
4.3
saSualo siCqare da myisi siCqare
rodesac wertili moZraobs erTi adgilidan meorisken, SeiZleba misi siCqaris gageba
dagvWirdes. rogorc me-2 TavSi vTqviT, siCqares ori sidide asaxavs: saSualo siCqare da
myisi siCqare. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi es sidideebi unda ganvixiloT, rogorc veqtorebi
da gamoviyenoT veqtoruli Canaweri.
Tu wertili D gadaadgilebas asrulebs t drois SualedSi, maSin misi
siCqarea:
saSualo siCqare =

anu
saS =
es formula gvauwyebs, rom
saS-s
saS
saSualo
gadaadgileba
drois Sualedi
D
t
(4.8)
(veqtori 4.8 formulis marcxena mxares) mimar-
Tuleba unda daemTxves D -is mimarTulebas (veqtori formulis marjvena mxares). 4.4
formulis gamoyenebiT 4.8 formula SeiZleba ase davweroT:

saS =
Dx +Dy
+Dz
= Dx
t
+ Dy + Dz
t
t
(4.9)
magaliTad, Tu wertili amocanis 4.1 nimuSSi sawyisi mdebareobidan momdevno mdebareobamde misvlas 2 wams andomebs, maSin misi saSualo siCqare iqneba:

saS =
(12m) +(3m)
D
t =
2wm
= (6m/wm) +(1,5m/wm)
anu saSualo siCqaris (veqtoruli sididis) komponentebia 6 m/wm x RerZis gaswvriv da
1,5 m/wm z RerZis gaswvriv.

Cveulebriv, rodesac wertilis siCqareze vsaubrobT, vgulisxmobT wertilis
siCqares garkveul momentSi.
aris sidide, romelsac
sac t intervali 0-mde mcirdeba.
saS
myis
zRvrulad uaxlovdeba, rode-
SegviZlia davweroT warmoebulis saxiT:
92
Tavi 4
d
.
dt
(4.10)
4.4 suraTze naCvenebia xy sibrtyeze moZravi werti-
lis traeqtoria. rodesac wertili gadaadgildeba

Tuli. t intervalSi mdebareobis veqtori icvleba
marjvniv, misi mdebareobis veqtori marjvnivaa mimar-
mxebi
-mde da wertilis gadaadgilebaa D .
mentSi (rodesac wertili imyofeba pozicia 1-Si), t in-
wertilis myisi siCqaris sapovnelad, magaliTad, t1 mo-
traeqtoria
-dan
sur. 4.4 wertilis D gadaadgileba t
tervals nulamde vamcirebT. am dros sami movlena xdeba:
intervalSi, t1 momentSi
mdebareo1
bis veqtoridan t2 momentSi 2 mdebareobis veqtoramde. pozicia 1-Si wertilis traeqtoriis mxebia naCvenebi.
1)
mdebareobis
veqtori
4.4 suraTze moZraobs
-sken ise, rom D mcirdeba nulamde. 2) D /t-s (da,
maSasadame,
saS-s)
mimarTuleba
uaxlovdeba
werti-
lis 1 poziciaze traeqtoriis mxebis mimarTulebas).
3)
saS
saSualo siCqare uaxlovdeba
roca t 0, gveqneba
saS
myis siCqares t1 momentSi.
, da, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania,
saS
iRebs mxebis mi-
marTulebas, maSasadame, -sac igive mimarTuleba aqvs:

wertilis
myisi siCqaris mimarTuleba yovelTvis traeqtoriis mxebia konkre-
tul momentSi.
sami ganzomilebis SemTxvevaSi Sedegi igivea:
yovelTvis wertilis traeqtoriis mxebia.
4.10 formulis erTeulovan-veqtoruli saxiT dasawerad 4.1 formulidan CavsvaT .

d
= (x +y +z ) = dx + dy + dz
dt
dt
dt
dt
es formula SeiZleba ase gamartivdes:
=vx + vy + vz ,
(4.11)
dx
dx
dz
, v =
da vz =
.
dt y dt
dt
(4.12)

sadac
-s skalaruli komponentebia:
vx =

magaliTad, dx/dt aris
-s skalaruli komponenti x RerZis gaswvriv. maSasadame,
-s ska-
laruli komponentebis povna -is skalaruli komponentebis diferencirebiT SegviZlia.
4.5 suraTze naCvenebia siCqaris veqtori da misi

x da y skalaruli komponentebi. gaiTvaliswine, rom
y
mxebi
aris wertilis traeqtoriis mxebi konkretul mo-
vy
mentSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom mdebareobis veqtori (4.1-
vx
4.4 suraTebi) aris isari, romelic akavSirebs erT

mdebareobas (àq~) meoresTan (ìq~). siCqaris veqtori
traeqtoria
sur. 4.5 wertilis

li komponentebiT.
siCqare skalaru-
mdebareobebs ar akavSirebs, is ufro wertilis moZraobis myis mimarTulebas gviCvenebs, misi sigrZe ki
siCqaris sidides asaxavs.
93
4.3 saSualo siCqare da myisi siCqare
suraTze naCvenebia wertilis moZraobis wriuli traeqtoria. Tu wertilis myisi siCqasakontrolo wertili
rea =(2 m/wm) (2 m/wm) , romel meoTxedSia wertili am

momentSi, Tu is wris garSemo moZraobs a) saaTis isris
moZraobis mimarTulebiT da b) saaTis isris moZraobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT? orive SemTxvevisTvis
grafikze gaavle
veqtori.
4.3
y (m )
amocanis 4.2 nimuSSi naxsenebi kurdRlisTvis erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi da

sidide-kuTxur CanawerSi ipove
siCqare,
40
rodesac t =15 wm.

amoxsna:
amocanis
amoxsna
wilisgan Sedgeba: 1) kurdRlis
ori
na
siCqaris
20
povna SegviZlia, Tu Tavdapirvelad mis

komponentebs vipoviT; 2) am komponentebis
povna SesaZlebelia kurdRlis mdebareobis
20
40
60
80
x (m )
veqtoris komponentebis gawarmoebiT. 4.12

formul-is vx nawilSi 4.5-is CasmiT miviRebT -s x komponents:
vx =
dx
d
= (0,31t2+7,2t+28)
dt
dt
= 0,62t + 7,2.
-20
-40
(4.13)
rodesac t=15wm, vx=2,1m/wm. aseTive gziT

vipoviT y komponents:
vy =
-60
dy
d
= (0,22t29,1t+30)
dt
dt
= 0,44t 9,1.
-130 o
(4.14)
rodesac t=15wm, vy =2,5m/wm. amis Semdeg
4.11 formula mogvcems:

=(2,1 m/wm)
rogorc
4.6
+ (2,5 m/wm)
suraTzea
naCvenebi,
siCqare, rodesac t=15wm. si

Cqaris veqtori kurdRlis mdebareobis mxebia am mo
mentSi. aqve naCvenebia -s skalaruli komponentebi.
sur. 4.6 kurdRlis
(pasuxi)
aris
kurdRlis moZraobis traeqtoriis mxebi da

igive mimarTuleba aqvs, rogoric kurdRlis siCqares, rodesac t=15wm.
da
= tg1
(2,5 m/wm)
vy
= tg1
vx
(2,1 m/wm)
= tg1 1,19 = 130
(pasuxi)
(miuxedavad imisa, rom 50 da 130 kuTx-
-s sididisa da kuTxis gamosaTvlelad
eebis tangensebi tolia, siCqaris kompo-
gamoviyenoT veqtoruli kalkulatori an
nentebis niSnebis gamokvleva aCvenebs, rom
formula 3.6:
sasurveli kuTxe mesame meoTxedSia, maSa-
v=
sadame 50180=130.
= 3,3 m/wm.
(pasuxi)
94
Tavi 4
4.4.
saSualo aCqareba da myisi aCqareba
rodesac wertilis siCqare t intervalSi icvleba
-dan
-mde, misi
saS
saSualo aC-
qareba am SualedSi iqneba:

saSualo siCqare =
anu
saS
siCqaris cvlileba
drois Sualedi
v
t .
(4.15)
Tu t-s romelime momentisTvis 0-s mivuaxlovebT, maSin am momentSi
saS
zRvrulad
uaxlovdeba myis aCqarebas (an ubralod aCqarebas), anu
d
.
dt
(4.16)
Tu siCqaris sidide an mimarTuleba (an orive erTad) icvleba, wertils aucileblad

unda hqondes aCqareba.
4.16 formulis Cawera erTeulovan-veqtoruli saxiTac SeiZleba, Tu -s nacvlad

CavsvamT 4.11 formulas:
= dt (vx +vy +vz )

dv
= dtx
dv
dv
+ dty + dtz
es gadaiwereba Semdegi saxiT:
=ax +ay +az ,
(4.17)
dvy
dvx
dvz
, ay =
dt da az = dt
dt
(4.18)

sadac
-s skalaruli komponentebia:
ax =
maSasadame,
-s skalaruli komponentebis diferencirebiT Sei-
ax
Zleba.
4.7 suraTze naCvenebia
ay
traeqtoria
O
sur. 4.7. wertilis
aCqareba da
misi skalaruli komponentebi.
ravi wertilisTvis. aRsaniSnavia, rom 4.7 suraTze

aCqarebis veqtori mdebareobebs ar akavSirebs. is mxolod wertilis aCqarebis mimarTulebas gviCvenebs,
misi sigrZe ki aCqarebis sidides asaxavs.
ipove amocanis amoxsnis 4.2 da 4.3 ninaxsenebi
kurdRlis
aCqarebis veqtori da
misi skalaruli komponentebi or ganzomilebaSi moZ-

muSebSi
-s skalaruli komponentebis povna
aCqareba,
4.4
amoxsna: amocanis amoxsna ori nawilisgan
Sedgeba: 1) kurdRlis
aCqarebas vipoviT,
rodesac t=15wm. pasuxi Cawere erTeulo-
Tu Tavdapirvelad aCqarebis komponentebs
van-veqtoruli da sidide-kuTxuri saxiT.
gavigebT; 2) am komponentebis povna Sesa-
95
4.4. saSualo aCqareba da myisi aCqareba

Zlebelia kurdRlis siCqaris komponentebis gawarmoebiT. 4.18 formulis ax nawilis
formula 4.13-Si CasmiT miviRebT
y (m )
40
aCqare-
bis x komponents:
dv
d
ax = dtx = dt (0,62t+7,2)= 0,62 m/wm2.
20
aseTive gziT vipoviT y komponents:
dv
d
ay = dty = dt (0,44t9,1)= 0,44 m/wm2.
x (m )
20
40
60
80
rogorc vxedavT, aCqareba droSi ar icvleba (Tanabaria), vinaidan t drois cvladi arc
-20
erTi komponentis formulaSi ar gamoCnda.

amis Semdeg formula 4.17 mogvcems:
= (0,62 m/wm2) + (0,44 m/wm2) ,
(pasuxi)
-40
rac 4.8 suraTzea naCvenebi kurdRlis moZraobis traeqtoriasTan erTad.

-s sididisa da kuTxis gamosaTvlelad
145 o
-60
gamoviyenoT veqtoruli kalkulatori an

formula 3.6. sididisTvis gveqneba:
a=
a aCqareba, rodesac t = 15 wm.

kurdRels traeqtoriis yvela wertilSi erTi da
igive aCqareba aqvs.
sur. 4.8 kurdRlis
= 0,76 m/wm2
(pasuxi)
xolo kuTxe iqneba:

= tg1
0,44 m/wm
ay
1
= tg
= 35
ax
(0,62) m/wm
kalkulatorze
naCvenebi
uwyebs, rom 4.8 suraTze
kuTxe
gva
mimarTulia mar-
jvniv da qveviT. magram komponentebidan

viciT, rom
mimarTuli unda iyos marcx-
niv da zeviT. im kuTxis sapovnelad, rom-
sakontrolo wertili 3. mocemulia
xy sibrtyeze moZravi hokeis Saibis

mdebareobis (metrebSi) aRwerebi:
1) x = 3t2 + 4t 2 da y = 6t2 4t
2) x = 3t2 4t da y = 5t2 + 6
lis tangensi 35-is tangensis toli iqneba,
3)
35-s davumatoT 180. miviRebT:
4) = (4t3 2t) +3
35 + 180 = 145
es
pasuxi
ponentebs.
ar
ewinaaRmdegeba
gaiTvaliswine,
(pasuxi)
-s
rom
kom
-s
si-
dide da mimarTuleba emTxveva kurdRlis

gadaadgilebas,
vinaidan
aCqareba
= 2t2 (4t +3)
TiToeuli aRwerisTvis gansazRvre,

aris Tu ara Saibis aCqarebis x da
y komponentebi mudmivi da aris Tu
ara aCqareba Tanabari.
Tana
baria.

wertilis siCqarea
=2 +4 . rodesac
t=0, is iwyebs a=3m/wm TanabaraCqarebul moZraobas x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTu
4.5
da
sidide-kuTxur
CanawerSi,
rodesac
t=5wm?
amoxsna:
Tavdapirvelad
SevniSnoT,
lebisadmi =130 kuTxiT. rogori iqneba
mocemuli gvaqvs xy sibrtyeze
wertilis siCqare erTeulovan-veqtorul
milebiani moZraoba. amocanis
rom
organzo
amoxsna
ori
96
Tavi 4
nawilisgan Sedgeba: 1) vinaidan aCqareba

Tanabaria, SegviZlia gamoviyenoT formula 2.11 (v=v0+at); 2) vinaidan formula
2.11 miesadageba mxolod wrfiv moZraobas,

is unda gamoviyenoT x da y RerZebisadmi
paraleluri moZraobebisTvis cal-calke.
anu, vx da vy siCqaris komponentebi unda vipovoT formulebidan:
is x da y komponentebia, xolo ax da ay
komponentebi.
ax-isa
da
ay-is
sa-
veqtoruli kalkulatoris sa-
SualebiT davagegmiloT
Semdeg
= (12 m/wm) + (16 m/wm) .
(pasuxi)
veqtoruli kalkulatoris an 3.6 formulis gamoyenebiT vipoviT
v=
am formulebSi v0x (=2m/wm) da v0y ( =4m/wm)-s
maSasadame, rodesac t=5wm, damrgvalebis
-s sididesa da
kuTxes:
vx= v0x +axt da vy = v0y +axt
povnelad
vy = 4 m/wm + (2,3 m/wm2) (5wm) =15,5 m/wm.
an gamoviyenoT
formula 3.5:
= 19,4 m/wm 19 m/wm (pasuxi)

da = tg1
vy
= 127 130 (pasuxi)
vx
Seamowme, ra pasuxs mogcems kalkulatori, 127-s Tu 53-s. axla aage
veqtori
Tavisi komponentebiT, raTa naxo, romeli

kuTxea swori.
ax = a cos = (3 m/wm )(cos 130) = 1,93m/wm2

2
ay = a sin =(3 m/wm2) (sin130)=2,3 m/wm2

rodesac es mniSvnelobebi Caismeba vx da
vy formulebSi, miviRebT, rom, rodesac
t=5wm,
sakontrolo
wertili
4.
mawanwa-
las mdebareoba mocemulia formuliT:
=(4t32t) +3 , sadac
metrebSia,
xolo t wamebSi. rogori unda iyos koeficientebis: 4, 2 da 3 erTeulebi?
vx = 2m/wm + (1,93 m/wm2) (5 wm)= 11,65 m/wm
4.5
am
ani
Wurvisebri moZraoba
TavSi
ganvixilavT
moZraobis
organzomilebi-
gansakuTrebul
SemTxvevas.
wertili vertikalur sibrtyeze moZraobs

garkveuli
siCqariT da misi aCqareba qve-
moT mimarTuli Tavisufali vardnis
aC-
qarebaa. aseT wertils ewodeba Wurvi (rac

imas niSnavs, rom wertili isroles), xolo
mis
moZraobas
Wurvisebri moZraoba.
Wurvi SeiZleba iyos CogburTis (sur. 4.9.) an

beisbolis burTi, magram ara TviTmfrinavi
sur. 4.9 myari zedapiridan asxletili CogburTis burTis stroboskopuli foto. Sejaxebebs Soris burTi Wurvisebr moZraobas asrulebs.
an ixvi. Cveni mizania aseTi moZraobis gaanalizeba 4.2-4.4 qveTavebSi mocemuli organzomilebiani moZraobis aRweris daxmarebiT.
vuSvebT, rom haeri Wurvze zegavlenas ar axdens.
4-10 suraTze (gaanalizebulia Semdeg qveTavSi) naCvenebia sxeulis traeqtoria haeris

zemoqmedebis gareSe. sxeuli gauSves
sawyisi siCqariT, romelic asec SeiZleba daiwe-
ros:
0
0x
da
0y
= v0x +v0y
komponentebis povna SesaZlebelia, Tu viciT 0 kuTxe
dadebiT mimarTulebas Soris:
(4.19)
0
-sa da x RerZis
97
4.5 Wurvisebri moZraoba

v0x=v0cos 0 da v0y=v0sin 0
organzomilebiani moZraobis dros, sxeulis
tori mudmivad icvleba, magram
mdebareobis veqtori da
(4.20)
siCqaris veq-
aCqarebis veqtori ucvlelia da yovelTvis mimarTulia
vertikalurad qveviT. sxeuls horizontaluri aCqareba ara aqvs.

Wurvisebri moZraoba, magaliTad, 4.9 da 4.10 suraTebze, sakmaod rTuli Cans, magram
arsebobs erTi aspeqti, romelic mas sakmaod amartivebs (dadgenilia eqsperimentebis
Sedegad):
Wurvis moZraobisas horizontaluri da vertikaluri moZraoba erTmaneTisgan
damoukidebelia anu arc erTi ar axdens gavlenas meoreze.
es Tviseba saSualebas gvaZlevs, davSaloT organzomilebiani moZraobis amocana or
erTganzomilebian moZraobad erTi iqneba horizontaluri moZraoba (nulovani aCqarebiT), xolo meore iqneba vertikaluri moZraoba (TanabaraCqarebuli, qveviT mimarTuli
aCqarebiT). qvemoT mocemulia ori eqsperimenti, romliTac mtkicdeba, rom horizontaluri da vertikaluri moZraobebi erTmaneTisgan damoukidebelia.
golfis ori burTi

4.11 suraTze naCvenebia golfis ori burTis stroboskopuli foto. erTs ubralod
xeli gauSves, meore ki horizontalurad gaisroles. golfis orive burTi vertikalurad
TanabaraCqarebulad moZraobs g aCqarebiT da erTsa da imave manZils gadis drois tol
sur.
4.10.
da y0=0,
Wurvis
0
traeqtoria
wertilidan
x0=0
sawyisi siCqariT. Wurvis traeqtoriaze
naCvenebia sawyisi da momdevno siCqareebi komponentebTan erTad. rogorc vxedavT, horizontaluri siCqaris komponenti mudmivia, xolo vertikaluri siCqaris
komponenti icvleba. R aris horizontaluri manZili,
sur. 4.11. erT burTs xeli gauSves, xolo
romelic Wurvma gaiara gasrolis wertilis simaRlis
meore horizontalurad marjvniv gaisroles.

maTi vertikaluri moZraobebi erTnairia.
miRwevamde.
98
Tavi 4
monakveTSi. is, rom erTi burTi vardnis dawyebamde horizontalurad moZraobs, ar axdens gavlenas mis vertikalur moZraobaze, anu horizontaluri da vertikaluri moZraobebi erTmaneTze ar aris damokidebuli.
mSvenieri gasamxneveli studentebisTvis

ro
g 0
ia
r iy
to l
aq fi
e
o
tr y
4.12 suraTs fizikis bevri leqcia gamoucocxlebia. aq gamosaxulia patara mili G, romlidanac
sulis SeberviT burTs isvrian. samiznea M magnitze
Camokidebuli yuTi da Tofic pirdapir maszea damiznebuli. eqsperimenti isea dagegmili, rom, rogorc
ki milidan burTi gamoityorcneba, yuTi agnits mowydeba.
g (Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba) rom nulis toli

yofiliyo, burTi 4.12 suraTze naCvenebi wrfivi traesur. 4.12. nasroli burTi Camovardnil yuTs yovelTvis xvdeba. TiToeuli
gadis h manZils im adgilidan, sadac
Sexvdebodnen, Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba rom ar arsebobdes.
qtoriiT gadaadgildeboda, xolo yuTi erT adgilze

ilivlivebda haerSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi burTi aucileblad moxvdeboda yuTs.
asea Tu ise, g ar aris nulis toli, magram burTi
mainc xvdeba yuTs! rogorc 4.12 suraTze moCans, burTis frenis ganmavlobaSi burTic
da yuTic nulovani g-s Sesabamisi poziciidan Tanabar h manZils gadian. rac ufro Zlierad uberavs Tofs demonstratori, miT ufro didia burTis sawyisi siCqare, miT ufro
naklebia frenis dro da h-is sididec mcirea.
4.6
Wurvisebri moZraobis analizi
axla mzad varT gavaanalizoT Wurvisebri moZraoba horizontalurad da ver
tikalurad.
horizontaluri moZraoba
rogorc 4.13 suraTze Cans, horizontaluri aCqarebis arqonis gamo Wurvis siCqaris vx
komponenti mTeli moZraobis manZilze ucvlelia da v0x sawyisi sididis tolia. nebismier
t momentSi Wurvis x x0 horizontaluri gadaadgileba

sawyisi x0 mdebareobidan mocemulia formuliT 2.15.
vinaidan a=0, amitom es formula SeiZleba daiweros
Semdegi saxiT:
x x0 = v0xt
rogorc viciT, v0x = v0cos0, amitom gveqneba:
x x0 = (v0cos0)t
(4.21)
sur. 4.13. skeitbordistis siCqaris vertikaluri komponenti icvleba, magram horizontaluri komponenti, romelic skeitbordis
siCqares emTxveva, ucvlelia. amis Sedegad skeitbordi sportsmenis qvemoT rCeba da am ukanasknels masze daxtomis saSualeba
aqvs.
99
4.6 Wurvisebri moZraobis analizi
vertikaluri moZraoba
Tavisuflad vardnili sxeulis vertikaluri moZraoba 2.9 qveTavSi ganvixileT. yvelaze
mniSvnelovania, rom am dros aCqareba Tanabaria. maSasadame, 2.1 cxrilis formulebi
gamogvadgeba. a-s nacvlad davweroT g, x ki SevcvaloT y-iT. magaliTad, formula
2.15-sTvis miviRebT:
y y0 = v0yt 12 gt2 = (v0 sin 0)t 12 gt2
(4.22)
aq sawyisi vertikaluri siCqaris v0y komponenti Canacvlebulia v0 sin 0-iT. analogiurad

gardaiqmneba formulebi 2.11 da 2.16:
vy = v0 sin 0 gt
vy2 = (v0 sin 0)2 2g(y y0).
da
(4.23)
(4.24)
rogorc 4.10 suraTze da 4.23 formulaSi Cans, vertikaluri siCqaris komponenti ise icvleba, TiTqos burTi vertikalurad maRla aisroles. is mimarTulia maRla da misi sidide
nuls uaxlovdeba traeqtoriis umaRles wertilamde. amis Semdeg, vertikaluri siCqaris
komponenti mimarTulebas icvlis da misi sididec drois mixedviT izrdeba.
traeqtoriis gantoleba
Wurvis traeqtoriis gantolebis gamoyvana SesaZlebelia, Tu 4.21 da 4.22 formulebSi gamovricxavT t cvlads. 4.21 formulidan gavigoT t da CavsvaT 4.22-Si. mcireodeni
gardaqmnebis Semdeg miviRebT:
y = (tg0)x
gx2
2(v0cos 0)2
(traeqtoria)
(4.25).
es formula 4.10 suraTze naCvenebi traeqtoriis gantolebaa. simartivisTvis davuSvaT, rom 4.21 da 4.22 formulebSi x0 = 0 da y0 = 0. vinaidan g, 0 da v0 mudmivebia, 4.25
formula miiRebs aseT saxes: y = ax + bx2, sadac a da b mudmivebia. miviReT parabolis

formula, maSasadame, traeqtoria parabolaa.
cxrili
4.1
ori burTis traeqtoria a
II
I
v0
traeqtoria I traeqtoria II
(haerSi)
(vakuumSi)
60o
areali (frenis siSore)
98,5m
177m
53m
76,8m
6,6wm
7,9wm
x
maqsimaluri simaRle
sur. 4.14
(I) burTis frenis traeqtoria

haeris winaaRmdegobis gaTvaliswinebiT. (II)
am TavSi ganxiluli meTodebiT gamoTvlili
burTis frenis traeqtoria vakuumSi. Sesabamisi monacemebisTvis ixile cxrili 4.1.
frenis dro
a
ixile sur. 4.14. gasrolis kuTxea 60, xolo sawyisi siCqare
_ 44,7m/wm.
100
Tavi 4
horizontaluri areali
rogorc 4.10 suraTze naCvenebi, Wurvis R horizontaluri areali aris Wurvis mier
ganvlili manZili sawyis simaRleze dabrunebamde. R arealis sapovnelad, 4.21 formulaSi CavsvaT x x0 = R, xolo 4.22-Si y y0 = 0. miviRebT:
R = (v0 cos 0)t da 0 = (v0 sin 0)t 12 gt2

formulebSi t-s gamoricxva mogvcems:
R=
2v02
sin 0 cos0
g
Tu gavixsenebT, rom sin20 =2sin 0 cos0 (ixile danarTi E), miviRebT:
R=
v02
sin20
g
(4.26)
yuradRebiT: es formula ar gvaZlevs Wurvis mier ganvlil horizontalur manZils,

rodesac saboloo simaRle ar emTxveva sawyis (srolis) simaRles.
aRsaniSnavia, rom 4.26 formulaSi R maqsimaluri iqneba, rodesac
20 =90, ese igi 0 =45.
sin20 =1, anu
R horizontaluri areali maqsimaluria srolis 45 kuTxisTvis.
haeris zemoqmedeba
aqamde vuSvebdiT, rom Wurvis moZraobaze haeri zemoqmedebas ar axdens. Tumca,
gamoTvlebsa da Wurvis realur moZraobas Soris sxvaoba SeiZleba sakmaod didi iyos,
vinaidan haeri moZraobas ewinaaRmdegeba. magaliTad, 4.14 suraTze naCvenebia burTis
frenis ori traeqtoria, rodesac burTi moZraobas iwyebs 60 kuTxiT da 44,7m/wm sawyisi
siCqariT. traeqtoria I gamoTvlilia haerSi frenis realur pirobebTan miaxloebiT.
traeqtoria II ki burTis vakuumSi frenis traeqtoriaa.
burTi moednis farglebs gareT gaisroles. ra mou-
va frenis dros (haeris zemoqmedeba ugulvebelyavi) mis a) horizontalur da

b) vertikalur komponentebs? ra iqneba misi aCqarebis g) horizontaluri da d) vertikaluri komponentebi, zeviT moZraobis, qveviT moZraobisa da frenis umaRlesi
wertilis miRwevis dros?

4.15
suraTze
maSveli
4.6
TviTmfrinavi
mifrinavs 198km/sT (55m/wm) siCqariT da

sazRvao katastrofis msxverplisgan 500 m
simaRleze imyofeba. pilots surs maSveli
kafsulis CaSveba msxverplTan rac SeiZle-
mifrinavs Tanabari siCqariT, agdebs gadamrCenel kapsulas. kapsulis vardnisas misi horizontaluri siCqaris komponenti rCeba TviTmfrinavis siCqaris toli.
tr
ba axlos.
sur. 4.15. TviTmfrinavi, romelic horizontalurad
mx
ed
ve
lo
bi
ae
qt
sa
or
ia
re
101
(a) rogori kuTxiT unda iyos TviTmfri-
500m = (55 m/wm)(sin0)t 12 (9,8m/wm)t 2
navi msxverplis mimarT, rodesac piloti
t-s amoxsna mogvcems t=10,1wm. am Sedegis
kapsulas gadaagdebs?
4.28 formulaSi CasmiT miviRebT:
amoxsna: gadagdebis Semdeg kafsula Wurvi xdeba. maSasadame, misi horizontaluri

da vertikaluri moZraoba erTmaneTisgan
x 0 = (55 m/wm)(cos0)(10,1wm)
x = 555,5 m
anu
Semdeg formula 4.27 mogvcems:L
damoukidebelia da SesaZlebelia maTi calcalke ganxilva (kafsulis namdvili traeq-
= tg1
toria ar gvWirdeba). 4.15 suraTze naCvenebia koordinatTa sistema, romlis aTvlis

saTave
kapsulis
gadagdebis
wertilia.
rogorc vxedavT, moicema formuliT:
= tg1
x
,
h
(4.27)
sadac x aris msxverplis (da wyalze dacemuli
kafsulis)
horizontaluri
koor-
dinati, xolo h TviTmfrinavis frenis

simaRle. simaRle 500 m-ia, maSasadame -s
sapovnelad mxolod x gvWirdeba. x-is povna SesaZlebelia 4.21 formulaiT:
x x0 = (v0 cos 0)t
(4.28)
kafsula
gadaagdes, ar usvriaT, amitom misi sawyi

si
siCqare TviTmfrinavis siCqaris to-
lia. maSasadame, sawyisi siCqarea v0=55m/wm,

xolo kuTxe 0 = 0 (x RerZis dadebiTi mi
marTulebisadmi). miuxedavad yvelafrisa,

kafsulis gadagdebidan wyalze dacemamde
kafsulis
amoxsna: kafsulis horizontaluri da ver

tikaluri moZraobebi erTmaneTisgan damo
ukidebelia.
vx horizontaluri komponenti ar icvleba

da v0x = v0 cos 0 sawyisi mniSvnelobis tolia, vinaidan horizontaluri aCqareba ara
gvaqvs. maSasadame, rodesac kafsula wyalze daecema:
vx = v0 cos 0 = (55 m/wm)(cos0) = 55 m/wm.
vy vertikaluri komponenti icvleba sawyisi

v0y = v0 sin 0 mniSvnelobidan, vinaidan vertikaluri aCqareba arsebobs. 4.23 formulisa
da kafsulis dacemis t=10.1wm drois gamoyenebiT gavigebT rom, rodesac kafsula
wyalze ecema,
vy = v0 sin 0 gt
t-s sapovnelad ganvixiloT vertikal-
= (55 m/wm)(sin0) (9,8 m/wm2)(10,1 wm)

= 99 m/wm.
uri moZraoba da, kerZod, formula 4.22:

(4.29)
maSasadame, wyalze dacemis dros kafsulis siCqare iqneba:
aq kafsulis vertikaluri gadaadgileba
y y0 = 500m (uaryofiTi niSani kafsulis

qvemoT moZraobas asaxavs). 4.29 formulaSi
am da sxva cnobili sidideebis CasmiT miviRebT:
siCqare erTeulovan-veqtorul
da sidide-kuTxur CanawerSi?
gasuli t dro ar viciT.
y y0 = (v0 sin 0 t) 12 gt2
(pasuxi)
(b) wyalze dacemis dros, rogori iqneba
vinaidan aTvlis saTave kapsulis gadagdebis wertilia, amitom x0=0.
555,5 m
= 48
500 m
v = (55 m/wm)
(99 m/wm)
(pasuxi)
formula 3.6-is an veqtoruli kalkula

toris gamoyenebiT vipovoT -s sidide da
kuTxe:
v = 113 m/wm da = 60,9
(pasuxi)
4.7
4.16 suraTze naCvenebia mekobreTa xomaldi,
a) horizontaluri xazidan ra 0 kuTxiT
romelic kunZulze mdgari cixesimagridan
unda gaisrolon Wurvi, gems rom moxvdes?
560m manZilzea. qvemexi, romelic zRvis

doneze dgas, Wurvebs v0= 82 m/wm sawyisi
amoxsna: cxadia, qvemexis Wurvs Wurvise-
siCqariT isvris.
bri moZraobis formulebi Seesabameba. Cven
102
Tavi 4
gvWirdeba srolis 0 kuTxesTan dakavSirebuli formula, rodesac tyvia horizontalurad gadaadgildeba qvemexidan xomaldisken.
vinaidan qvemexi da gemi erT simaRleze
arian, amitom areali iqneba horizontalu
ri gadaadgileba. Cven SegviZlia srolis 0
kuTxe R arealTan davakavSiroT 4.26 form
mulis saSualebiT:
R=
2v02
sin20 ,
g
sur. 4.16 aseT manZilze gems Wurvi ori kuTxiT
(4.30)
gasrolis SemTxvevaSi moxvdeba.
rac mogvcems:
2
gR
1 (9,8 m/wm )(560 m)
2 = sin
(82 m/wm)2
v0
20 = sin1
b) ra manZilze unda daSordes meko-
= sin1 0,816.
sin1
Sebrunebul
funqcias
ori
(4.31)
breebis gemi zarbazans, rom Wurvi ar mox-
pasuxi
amoxsna: rogorc ukve viciT, Wurvis gas-
vdes?
aqvs. erT maTgans (am SemTxvevaSi 54,7)
rolis maqsimaluri areali Seesabameba 45
kalkulatori aCvenebs. meore pasuxis gas-
kuTxes. 4.30 formulaSi 0=45 kuTxis Cas-
agebad es kuTxe 180-s gamovakloT da mi-
miT miviRebT:
viRebT 125,3-s. maSasadame, formula 4.31
R=
mogvcems:
(82 m/wm)2
2v02
sin20 =
sin (240)
9,8 m/wm2
g
= 686 m 690 m.
(pasuxi)
0 = 12 (54,7) 27
(pasuxi)
0 = 12 (125,3) 63
(pasuxi)
srolis orive kuTxe 0 =45 kuTxes uax-
cixesimagris komendants SeuZlia zarbazani
lovdeba. am kuTxis dros gemi 690m man-
am ori kuTxiT awios da Wurvi mekobreebis
Zilze iqneba. amaze ufro Sors gems aRa-
gems moartyas (Tu haeri ar SeuSlis!)
raferi emuqreba.

da
roca
jeison renis mier damyarebuli motocikliT
xtomis
rekordi.
nel-nela
kunZuls
Sordeba,
4.8

4.17a suraTze naCvenebia 2002 wels
gemi
asafreni
tramplini
dasaSvebi
tramplini
asax-
tomi tramplinebis simaRlea H=3m,

kuTxe
manZili
R =12,
xolo
D=77m.
motociklisti
maT
Soris
davuSvaT,
meore
rom
tramplinis
SuagulSi daeSva. haeris zemoqmedeba ugulebelvyoT. gamoTvale motociklistis siswrafe pirveli tramplinidan gadaxtomis dros.
amoxsna: reni da misi motocikli
Wurvia. Tu maT ganvixilavT, rogorc erT wertils, maSin SegviZlia
gamoviyenoT Wurvis formulebi.
sur. 4.17
a) asafreni da dasaSvebi tramplinebi. afrenis

b) afrenis siCqaris 0 (0 kuTxisas) x komponentia
v0cos 0, xolod y komponenti _ v0sin 0; g) daSvebis wertili tramplinis SuagulSia.
sawyisi
103

xy
sistema
dro. vinaidan horizontalur RerZze jer-
ise gavavloT, rom aTvlis saTave pirveli
jerobiT verafers mivaRwieT, amitom ver-
tramplinis Zirs daemTxvas. renis koordi-
tikalur RerZze gadavideT. 4.22 formula
natebi naxtomis dawyebisas (rodesac t=0)
v0-s akavSirebs y y0 gadaadgilebasTan:
gadaxtoma.
koordinatTa
iqneba x0 = 0 da y0 = H= 3 m. 0 gadaxtomis
y y0 = (v0 sin 0)t 12 gt2
kuTxe tramplinis R daxrilobis toli
1,5m 3m = (v0 sin 12)t 12 (9,8m/wm2)t2.
iqneba (sur. 4.17b): 0 = R = 12.
daSveba. 4.17g suraTze tramplinis sigrZe L marTkuTxa samkuTxedis hipotenuzas qmnis. reni tramplinis SuagulSi anu
wverodan L/2 manZilze wertilSi
daeSva.
SegviZlia vaCvenoT, rom daSvebis wertili

mdebareobs tramplinis H
simaRlisa da
d horizontaluri sigrZis SuagulSi, ma-
kvlav dabrkolebas mivadeqiT, vinaidan t-s

gareSe v0-s
ver gavigebT. Tumca, rogorc
vxedavT, 4.32 da 4.33 formulebSi ucnobTa

erTi da igive wyvilia: v0 (sasurveli) da t
(arasasurveli). maSasadame formula 4.32is t-sTvis amoxsna SesaZlebelia:
Sasadame, daSvebis wertilis vertikaluri
t=
koordinatia
H 3m
=
= 1,5 m
2
2
daSvebis wertilis x horizontaluri
y=
koordinatis
sapovnelad
rZe:
d=
x x0
v0 cos 0
Semdeg CavsvaT es Sedegi 4.33 formulaSi da gamovricxoT t:
y y0 = (v0 sin 0)
gamovTvaloT
dasaSvebi tramplinis horizontaluri sig-
(4.33)
= (x x0)tg 0
) (
x x0
x x0
1g
2
v0 cos 0
v0 cos 0
g(x x0)2
,
2(v0 cos 0)2
sadac gamoviyeneT igiveoba: tg0 = (sin0)/
3m
H
=
= 14,11 m
tg
12
tg R
(cos0). CavsvaT cnobili monacemebi da mi-
Semdeg vipovoT horizontaluri koordi-
viRebT:
nati:
1,5 m 3 m = (84,1 m)(tg 12)
d
14,11 m
x = D + = 77 m +
= 84,1 m
2
2
(9,8 m/wm2)(84,1 m)2

2
2 v0 (cos 12)2
v0 gadaxtomis siCqaris povna. xx0 gadaadgilebis da v0-is dasakavSireblad viyenebT
anu
v0= 43,2 m/wm 156 km/sT
4.21 formulas:
napiridan aseTi siswrafiT gadaxtoma al-
x x0 = (v0 cos 0)t
(4.32)
84,1m 0 = (v0 cos 12)t.
v0-sTvis formulis amoxsna SeuZlebelia,

radgan ar viciT renis haerSi yofnis t
(pasuxi)
baT sulisSemZvrelia. magram renis 156km/

sT-ze meti siCqare dasWirda meore napirze dasaxtomad, vinaidan haeri mas da motocikls mniSvnelovnad Seanelebda.
taqtika 1 : algebra
ricxvebis nacvlad
damrgvalebasa da sxva cdomilebebis-
amomxsnelebi swored ase iqcevian. pirvel
gan Tavis dasazRvevad amocanebi algebru-
TavebSi vamjobineT amocanebi nawil-nawil
lad amoxseniT da ricxvebi mxolod bolos
amogvexsna, raTa ufro kargad Cawvdomod-
CasviT. amocanebis amoxsnis 4.6 da 4.8 ni-
iT maT mimdinareobas. SemdegSi met yur-
muSebSi es sakmaod advilia da gamocdili
adRebas algebras davuTmobT.
104
Tavi 4
4.7.
Tanabari wriuli moZraoba
wertilis moZraobas Tanabari wriuli moZraoba

ewodeba, roca wertili wrewirze an wrewiris rkalze
moZraobs Tanabari siCqariT. miuxedavad imisa, rom
siCqare ar icvleba, wertils gaaCnia aCqareba. es
SeiZleba gagvikvirdes, vinaidan aCqareba (siCqaris
cvlileba) warmogvidgenia, rogorc siCqaris zrda an
kleba. Tumca, gaixseneT, rom siCqare veqtoria da
ara skalari. maSasadame, maSinac ki, roca siCqare
mxolod mimarTulebas icvlis, aCqareba mainc arsebobs. zustad ase xdeba Tanabari wriuli moZraobis
dros.
sur. 4.18. saaTis isris moZraobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT Tanabarwriulad moZravi wertilis siCqarisa da
aCqarebis veqtorebi. maTi sidide ucvlelia, mimarTuleba ki mudmivad icvleba.
4.18 suraTze naCvenebia siCqarisa da aCqarebis veqtorebs Soris kavSiri Tanabari

wriuli moZraobis sxvadasxva periodebSi. orive veqtoris sidide moZraobis dros mudmivia, magram maTi mimarTulebebi icvleba. siCqare yovelTvis wrewiris mxebia moZraobis mimarTulebiT. aCqareba ki yovelTvis mimarTulia wrewiris centrisken. amis gamo,
Tanabar wriul moZraobasTan dakavSirebul aCqarebas centriskenul aCqarebas uwodeben.
rogorc SemdegSi vnaxavT,

aCqarebis sididea:
a=
v2
r
sadac r wrewiris radiusia, xolo
(centriskenuli aCqareba),
(4.34)
wertilis siCqare.
garda amisa, am aCqarebis mqone wertili wrewiris garSemo srul bruns asrulebs anu
2r manZils gadis Semdeg droSi:

T=
2r
v
(periodi)
(4.35)
T-s brunvis periodi an, ubralod, periodi ewodeba. esaa dro, romelic wertils
sWirdeba erTi sruli brunis gasakeTeblad.
4-34 formulis damtkiceba

Tanabari wriuli moZraobisas aCqarebis sididisa da mimarTulebis sapovnelad ganvixiloT sur. 4.19. 4.19a suraTze p wertili Tanabari
siCqariT moZraobs r radiusis
mqone wrewirze. mocemul momentSi p-s koordinatebia xp da yp.
4.3 qveTavidan gavixsenoT, rom moZravi wertilis
siCqare misi traeqtoriis mxebia.
4.19a suraTze es niSnavs, rom siCqare wertilis mdebareobaze gavlebuli radiusis perpendikularulia. maSin kuTxe -sa da p wertilze gavlebul vertikals Soris r radiussa
da x RerZs Soris kuTxis tolia.
-s skalaruli komponentebi 4.19b suraTzea naCvenebi. maTi saSualebiT
SeiZleba
Semdegi saxiT Caiweros:

= vx + vy = (v sin ) + (v cos )
(4.36)
105
4.7. Tanabari wriuli moZraoba

y
vy
ax
vx
yp
ay
x
xp
sur. 4.19. p wertili wreze moZraobs saaTis isris sawinaaRmego mimarTulebiT. (a) misi mdebareoba da
qare mocemul momentSi. (b) siCqare da misi komponentebi. (g) wertilis aCqareba da misi komponentebi.
siC-
axla, 4.19 suraTze mocemuli marTkuTxa samkuTxedis gamoyenebiT, sin SevcvaloT
yp/r-iT, xolo cos xp /r-iT, gveqneba:

vy

= p
r
) ( )
vxp
r
(4.37)
p wertilis aCqarebis sapovnelad es formula gavawarmooT drois mimarT. vinaidan

siCqare da r radiusi droSi ar icvleba, miviRebT:
d
v dyp
= dt =
r dt
) (
+
v dxp
r dt
(4.38)
axla gaviTvaliswinoT, rom yp-s cvlilebis tempi dyp /dt siCqaris y komponentis tolia. analogiurad, dxp /dt = x. 4.19b suraTidan vxedavT, rom x = sin da y = cos.
CavsvaT es yvelaferi 4.38 formulaSi da miviRebT:
v2
cos
r
) (
v2
sin
r
(4.39)
4.19g suraTze es veqtori da misi komponentebia naCvenebi. 3.60 formulis Tanaxmad,

miviRebT:
a=
v2
risi damtkicebac gvindoda.
v2
r
v2
,
r
-s mimarTulebis sapovnelad unda vipovoT kuTxe:
tg =
maSasadame, = . es niSnavs, rom
ay (v2/r) sin
=
= tg .
ax (v2/r) cos
mimarTulia 4.19a suraTze naCvenebi r radiusis gas-
wvriv wrewiris centris mimarTulebiT. swored amis damtkiceba gvindoda.
sakontrolo wertili 6. sxeuli Tanabari siCqariT moZraobs wriulad xy

sibrtyeze, romlis aTvlis saTave wrewiris centrs emTxveva. rodesac sxeuli imyofeba x=2m wertilze, misi siCqarea (4m/wm) . gamoTvale sxeulis
a) siCqare da b) aCqareba, rodesac is imyofeba y=2m wertilSi.
106
Tavi 4
4.9

samxedro reaqtiuli TviTmfrinavebis
pilotebi
nicdian
dros
garkveul
mkveTrad
pilotis
diskomforts
moxvevis
sxeuli
ga
dros.
aseT
ganicdis
cen-
triskenul aCqarebas, Tavi ki mimarTulia

mrudis centrisken. tvinSi sisxlis wneva
mcirdeba, rac tvinis funqciis dakargvas
iwvevs.
pilotis
gasafrTxileblad
ramdenime
niSani arsebobs. rodesac centriskenuli

aCqarebaa 2g an 3g, piloti Tavs damZimebulad grZnobs. 4g-s dros pilotis mxedveloba Sav-TeTri xdeba da mniSvnelovnad
izRudeba.
Tu
aCqarebam
kidev
moimata,
mxedveloba qreba da piloti gonebas kargavs. am mdgomareobas g-LOC
anu `g-Ti
gamowveuli gonebis dakargva~ ewodeba.

pilotis
aCqareba g-ebSi, Tu F- 22 mifrinavs =
2500km/sT (694 m/wm) siCqariT wreze, romlis radiusia r=5,8km?

amoxsna:
miuxedavad
imisa,
rom wriul
traeqtoriaze moZraobisas pilotis siCqaris sidide mudmivia, siCqaris mimarTulebis

cvlilebis gamo warmoiqmneba centriskenuli aCqareba, romlis sidide mocemulia
4.34 formulis saSualebiT:

v2 (694 m/wm)2
a=
=
= 83 m/wm2 = 8,5g (pasuxi)
5800 m
r
Tu
uyuradRebo
piloti
sahaero
brZo-
lis dros TviTmfrinavs mkveTrad Semoabrunebs, is momentalurad gadava g-LOC

mdgomareobaSi da ver SeniSnavs gamafrTxilebel signalebs.
rogori
iqneba
centriskenuli
4.8
erTganzomilebiani fardobiTi moZraoba
warmoidgine, rom xedav ixvs, romelic CrdiloeTiT mifrinavs 30 km/sT siCqariT.

meore ixvisTvis, romelic imave siCqariT mifrinavs CrdiloeTiT, is uZravia. sxvagvarad
rom vTqvaT, wertilis siCqare damokidebulia damkvirveblis aTvlis sistemaze. Cveni miznebidan gamomdinare, aTvlis sistema fizikuri obieqtia, romelsac koordinatTa
sistemas vukavSirebT. yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi es obieqti miwaa. magaliTad, sagzao niSanze miTiTebuli daSvebuli siCqare yovelTvis gazomilia miwis mimarT. policiis oficris
mimarT siCqare sxvadasxva iqneba, vinaidan policieli siCqaris gazomvis dros imoZravebs.
warmoidgine, rom aleqsi (4.20 suraTze A
sistemis aTvlis saTaveSi) gaCerebulia trasis

ganapiras da P
CarCo
manqanis (wertilis) swrafad
moZraobas akvirdeba. barbara (B sistemis aTv-
A
CarCo
lis saTaveSi) trasaze mudmivi siCqariT midis
BA
xBA
xPB
x
xPA = xPB + xBA
da isic P manqanas uyurebs. davuSvaT, orive

maTgani adgens manqanis mdebareobas mocemul
x
sur. 4.20. aleqsi (naxazi A) da barbara (naxazi B)

P manqanas adevneben Tvals. B da P gansxvavebuli
siCqariT moZraoben orive naxazisTvis saerTo x
RerZis gaswvriv. grafikze gamosaxul momentSi
xBA aris B-s koordinatebi A naxazze. B naxazze
P-s koordinatebia xPB. A naxazze koordinatebi
xPA = xPB + xBA .
momentSi. 4.20 suraTze vxedavT, rom:

es
formula
xPA = xPB + xBA

ase
ikiTxeba:
(4.40)
`P-s koordi-
nati A-s mimarT (xPA) tolia P-s koordinats
B-s mimarT xPB mimatebuli B-s koordinati A-s

mimarT (xBA)~. wakiTxvisas yuradReba miiqcieT
indeqsebs.
4.40 formulis drois mimarT gawarmoebiT

miviRebT:
107
4.8 erTganzomilebiani fardobiTi moZraoba

d
d
d
dt (xPA) = dt (xPB) + dt (xBA).
an
(vinaidan
= dx/dt):
vPA = vPB + vBA
(4.41)
es formula ase ikiTxeba: `P-s siCqare A-s mimarT vPA tolia P-s siCqares B-s mimarT
vPB mimatebuli B-s siCqare A-s mimarT vBA ~. vBA aris B sistemis siCqare A-s mimarT (vinaidan
moZraoba erTi RerZis gaswvrivaa, SegviZlia siCqaris komponentebi am RerZis gaswvriv
gamoviyenoT 4.41 formulaSi da ugulebelvyoT veqtoris isrebi).
Cven mxolod im sistemebs ganvixilavT, romlebic erTmaneTis mimarT Tanabari siCqariT moZraobs. am SemTxvevaSi es niSnavs, rom barbara (sistema B) aleqsis (sistema A)
mimarT moZraobs vBA mudmivi siCqariT. asea Tu ise, P manqanas (moZravi wertili) SeuZlia
Secvalos siCqare da mimarTuleba (anu aCqardes).
barbarasa da aleqsis mimarT P-s aCqarebis dasakavSireblad, 4.41 formulaSi gavawarmooT dro:
d
d
d
dt (vPA) = dt (vPB) + dt (vBA).
vinaidan vBA mudmivia, amitom formulis bolo wevri nulis tolia da gveqneba:
aPA = aPB .
(4.42)
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT:

sxvadasxva aTvlis sistemis damkvirveblebi, romlebic erTmaneTis mimarT mudmivi siCqariT moZraoben, miiReben moZravi wertilis erTsa da imave aCqarebas.
sakontrolo wertili 7. cxrilSi mocemulia bar-
mdgomareoba
BA
PA
mdgomareobaSi. ras udris cxrilSi gamotovebuli
(a)
+ 50
+ 50
sidideebi da rogor icvleba manZili barbarasa
(b)
+ 30
barasa da P manqanis siCqareebi (km/sT-ebSi) sam
da P manqanas Soris?
(g)

4.20 suraTze davuSvaT, rom barbaras
siCqare aleqsis mimarT mudmivia, vBA = 52km/
sT, xolo P manqana moZraobs x RerZis

uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT.
(a) Tu aleqsisTvis P
manqanis siCqare
vPA= 78km/sT, rogori iqneba vPB siCqare

barbarasTvis?
amoxsna: A aTvlis sistema davukavSiroT
aleqss, xolo B aTvlis sistema barbaras. vinaidan es ori aTvlis sistema erTmaneTis mimarT Tanabrad moZraobs erTi
PB
+ 40
+ 60
20
4.10
anu
_ 78km/sT = vPB + 52 km/sT
maSasadame,
vPB = _ 130km/sT
(pasuxi)
Tu P-s barbaras manqanaze TokiT mivabamdiT, 130 km/sT siCqareze Tokis kvanZi gaixsneboda da ori manqana gancalkevdeboda.
(b) Tu P manqana amuxruWebs aleqsis mimarT
(maSasadame, miwis mimarT) t = 10 wm-is ganmavlobaSi Tanabari aCqarebiT, rogori iqneba
misi aPA aCqareba aleqsis mimarT?
RerZis gaswvriv, amitom SegviZlia gamov-
amoxsna: aleqsis mimarT P manqanis aCqarebis
iyenoT formula 4.41, raTa vPB davukav-
gamosaTvlelad unda gamoviyenoT aleqsis
vPA = vPB + vBA
Tanabaria, amitom viyenebT 2.11 formulas
SiroT vPA-sa da vBA-s:
mimarT manqanis siCqare. vinaidan aCqareba
108
Tavi 4
(=0 + at), raTa aCqareba davakavSiroT P-s

sawyis da saboloo siCqaresTan. P-s sawyisi
siCqare aleqsis mimarT aris vPA=78 km/sT,
xolo saboloo siCqarea 0. maSasadame, 2.11
viciT P-s sawyisi siCqare barbaras mimarT
formula gvaZlevs:
maSasadame, kvlav 2.11 formulis Tanaxmad:
aPA =
0 (78 km/sT)
1 m/wm
v v0
=
10 wm
3,6 km/sT
t
= 2,2 m/wm2
(PB = 130 km/sT). P-s saboloo siCqare bar-
baras mimarT aris 52km/sT (gaCerebuli

manqanis siCqare moZravi barbaras mimarT).
aPB =
(pasuxi)
52 km/sT (130 km/sT)

1 m/wm
v v0
=
10 wm
3,6 km/sT
t
= 2,2 m/wm2
(g) rogori iqneba damuxruWebis dros P
(pasuxi)
es Sedegi winaswar SegveZlo gvewinas-
manqanis aCqareba barbaras mimarT aPB?
warmetyvela. vinaidan aleqsi da barbara
amoxsna: barbaras mimarT P-s aCqarebis
erTmaneTis mimarT Tanabari siCqariT moZ-
gamosaTvlelad unda gamoviyenoT barbaras
raoben, amitom maT mimarT manqanis aCqa-
mimarT manqanis siCqareebi. (a) nawilidan
reba erTnairi iqneba.
4.9
organzomilebiani fardobiTi moZraoba
axla erTganzomilebiani fardobiTi moZraobidan gadavdivarT organzomilebian (da

samganzomilebian) moZraobaze. 4.21 suraTze Cveni ori damkvirvebeli P moZrav wertils
uyurebs A da B aTvlis sistemebis aTvlis saTaveebidan. amasobaSi B Tanabari siCqariT
vBA moZraobs A-s mimarT (am ori sistemis Sesabamisi RerZebi erTmaneTis paraleluria).
4.21 suraTze moZraobis erTi konkretuli momentia naCvenebi. am momentSi
B-s aTvlis saTavis mdebareobis veqtori A-s aTvlis saTavis mimarT aris . amis garda,
P wertilis mdebareobis veqtori A-s aTvlis saTavis mimarT aris , xolo B-s aTvlis
saTavis mimarT _
. Tu am sam mdebareobis veqtors ise davalagebT, rom erTis saTave
meores bolos daemTxves, maSin veqtorebs Soris damyardeba Semdegi kavSiri:
(4.43)
am formulis drois mimarT gawarmoebiT SesaZlebelia damkvirveblebis mimarT

wertilis
da
siCqareebis dakavSireba:
y
(4.44)
am tolobis gawarmoebiT ki erTmaneTs

davukavSirebT
wertilis
da
damkvirveblebis
mimarT
aCqarebas. Tumca, vinaidan
mudmivia, amitom misi warmoebuli drois

mimarT nulis tolia. maSasadame, miviRebT:
aTvlis sistema AB
aTvlis sistema AA
sur. 4.21. B sistemas A sistemis mimarT aqvs

Tanabari organzomilebiani siCqare
. B-s mdebareobis veqtori A-s mimarT aris . P wertilis
mdebareobis veqtori A-s mimarT aris , xolo
B-s mimarT .
(4.45)
iseve, rogorc erTganzomilebiani moZraobisTvis, aqac arsebobs Semdegi wesi: sxvadasxva aTvlis sistemebis damkvirveblebis
mimarT, romlebic erTmaneTis mimarT Tanabari siCqariT moZraoben, moZravi wertilis
aCqareba erTnairi iqneba.
109
4.9 organzomilebiani fardobiTi moZraoba

4.22a suraTze TviTmfrinavi aRmosav-
4.1 1
Crd
leTisken unda gafrindes, piloti ki mas

samxreT-aRmosavleTisken mimarTavs, saidanac Crdilo-aRmosavleTis Zlieri qari
uberavs.
TviTmfrinavis
siCqare
qaris
mimarT 215 km/sT-is tolia da mimarTulia

samxreTiT aRmosavleTis mimarTulebasTan
kuTxiT. qaris
aRm
20 o
(a)
siCqare miwis mimarT
aris 65 km/sT da mimarTulia 20 CrdiloaRmosavleTisken.
rogori
mimarT TviTmfrinavis
iqneba
miwis
siCqaris sidide
da kuTxe?
amoxsna: es situacia 4.21 suraTis msgavsia. aq P moZravi wertili TviTmfrinavia,
A sistema dakavSirebulia miwasTan (davarqvaT mas G), xolo B sistema dakavSirebulia qarTan (davarqvaT mas W). saWiroa
(b)
sur. 4.22. aRmosavleTisken gasafrenad TviTmfrinavis pilotma qaris mimarTuleba unda gaiTvaliswinos.
veqtoruli diagramis ageba, rogorc 4.21

suraTzea naCvenebi. Tumca, amjerad siCqa-
an 0=(215km/sT) sin+(65km/sT)(cos20).
ris sam veqtors gamoviyenebT.
-s amoxsna mogvcems:
Tavdapirvelad davweroT veqtorebis dama-
= sin1
kavSirebeli winadadeba:
TviTmfrinavis
siCqare
miwis mimarT
TviTmfrinavis
siCqare
qaris mimarT
(PG)
qaris siCqare
(PW)
miwis mimarT
(WG)
(65 km/sT)(cos 20)

= 16,5 (pasuxi)
215 km/sT
aseTive xerxiT x komponentebisTvis vipoviT:
vPG,x = vPW,x + vWG,x
es kavSiri SeiZleba gamoisaxos 4.22 b

suraTis msgavsad, xolo veqtorulad mas
vinaidan
x RerZis paraleluria, ami-
tom vPG,x komponenti vPG sididis tolia.
aseTi saxe eqneba:
(4.46)
CvenTvis ucnobia pirveli veqtoris sidide da meore veqtoris mimarTuleba. ori

ucnobis gamo veqtorul kalkulatorze
4.46 formulis amoxsna SeuZlebelia. amis
CavsvaT es aRniSvna da kuTxe =16,5, gve

qneba:
vPG=(215km/sT)(cos16,5)+(65km/sT)(sin 20)
= 228 km/sT
(pasuxi)
nacvlad 4.22b suraTis koordinatTa sis
sakontrolo wertili 8. davuSvaT,
temaze veqtorebi komponentebad unda dav
piloti TviTmfrinavs aRmosavleTisken
SaloT da Semdeg amovxsnaT formula 4.46
abrunebs siCqaris cvlilebis gareSe.
TiToeuli RerZisTvis (ixile qveTavi 3.6).
gaizrdeba, Semcirdeba Tu igive dar-
y komponentebisTvis vipoviT:
vPG,y=vPW,y+vWG,y
g) vPG? (pasuxis gacema gamoTvlebis ga-
Ceba Semdegi sidideebi: a) vPG,y; b) vPG,x;

reSec SeiZleba).
110
Tavi 4
mdebareobis veqtori. wertilis mde-
romelsac
myisi aCqareba ewodeba:
bareoba koordinatTa sistemis aTvlis saTavis mimarT moicema
mdebareobis veqto-
riT. erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi:
= x +y +z ,
d
.
dt
(4.16)
erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi:
=ax +ay +az ,
(4.1)
(4.17)
aq x ,y da z veqtoris veqtoruli kompo-
sadac ax = dx /dt, ay = dy /dt da az = dz /dt.
nentebia, xolo x, y da z skalaruli kom-
Wurvisebri
ponentebi (da, aseve, wertilis koordinate-
ewodeba
bi). mdebareobis veqtors aRwers sidide da
wertilis moZraobas. frenis dros werti-
erTi an ori mimarTulebis kuTxe, an misi
lis horizontaluri aCqareba nulis tolia,
veqtoruli an skalaruli komponentebi.
xolo vertikaluri aCqareba Tavisufali
gadaadgileba. Tu wertili ise moZraobs,
vardnis g aCqarebaa (zeda mimarTuleba
rom misi mdebareobis veqtori
icvleba
-iT, maSin wertilis D gadaadgileba iqne-
ba:
D =
1.
(4.2)
gadaadgileba asec SeiZleba Caiweros:

D = (x2 x1) +(y2 y1)
+(z2 z1)
= Dx +Dy +Dz
gaswvriv wertilis moZraobis formulebi

Semdegnairi iqneba:
x x0 = (v0 cos0)t
(4.4)
siCqare drois am
D
(4.8)
t
Tu 4.8 formulaSi t nuls uaxlovdeba, maSin
saS
aRwevs zRvars, romelsac siCqare an
myisi siCqare
ewodeba:
d

dt
(4.10)
erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi gveqneba:
=vx + vy + vz ,
sadac x = dx/dt, y = dy/dt da z = dz/dt.
(4.11)
(4.21)
y y0 = (v0 sin0)t 12 gt2
(4.22)
vy = v0 sin0 gt
(4.23)
vy2 = (v0 sin0)2 2g(y y0).

Wurvisebri
saS
gamoisaxeba 0
luri x RerZis da vertikaluri y RerZis
(4.3)
monakveTSi iqneba:
gasrolili
sididiTa da 0 kuTxiT, maSin horizonta-
tilis gadaadgilebaa t drois monakveTSi

saS
Wurvisebri
siCqariT
aRebulia dadebiTad). Tu
saSualo siCqare da myisi siCqare. Tu weraris D , maSin misi
moZraoba.
sawyisi
moZraobis
dros
(4.24)
wertilis
traeqtoria paraboluria da gamoiTvleba

formuliT:
y = (tg0)x
gx2
2(v0cos 0)2
(4.25)
roca 4.21 da 4.24 formulebSi x0 da y0 nu-
lis tolia. wertilis R horizontaluri

areali aris horizontaluri manZili gasrolis adgilidan im adgilamde, romelzec
wertili gasrolis simaRleze brundeba
R=
myisi
v02
sin20 ,
g
(4.26)
siCqare yovelTvis wertilis traeqtoriis
Tanabari wriuli moZraoba. rodesac wer-
mxebia mocemul momentSi.
tili Tanabari siCqariT moZraobs r ra-
saSualo aCqareba da myisi aCqareba.
diusis mqone wrewirze an rkalze, es Tana-
Tu wertilis siCqare t drois monakveTSi
bari wriuli moZraobaa da misi
icvleba
sididea:
-dan
-Ti, maSin misi saSualo aC-
qareba am periodSi iqneba:

saS
v
t .
a=
(4.15)
v2
,
r
aCqarebis
(4.34)
mimarTulia wrewiris an rkalis centrisken
Tu 4.15 formulaSi t nuls uaxlovdeba,
da mas centriskenuli aCqareba ewodeba.
maSin
erTi sruli wris Semosawerad daxarjuli
saS
aRwevs zRvrul mniSvnelobas,
111
sistemis damkvirveblisa da B sistemis dam-
dro gamoiTvleba formuliT:
2r
T=
v
(4.35)
T-s brunvis periodi an ubralod periodi

ewodeba.
fardobiTi moZraoba. rodesac A da B aTvlis sistemebi erTmaneTis mimarT Tanabari
siCqariT moZraobs, P wertilis siCqare A
kvirveblisTvis erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba.

am or siCqares Soris Semdegi kavSiria:
(4.44)
aris B-s siCqare A-s mimarT. orive
sadac
damkvirveblis mimarT wertilis aCqareba

erTnairia:
(4.45)
SekiTxvebi
1 4.23 suraTze naCvenebia wertilis i sawyisi da f saboloo mdebareobebi. rogori
zedapirs ar ecema. daalage mdgomareobebi
iqneba wertilis (a) sawyisi mdebareobis
mixedviT.
veqtori
tori
Wurvebis saboloo siCqareebis klebadobis
da (b) saboloo mdebareobis veq-
erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi?
(g) D gadaadgilebis x komponenti?

y
3m
2m
1m
4m
4m
5m
3m
(a)
(b)
(g)
sur. 4.25. SekiTxva 4.
5 vapirebT miwidan raketis gasrolas erTerTi mocemuli sawyisi siCqaris veqtoriT:
3m
sur. 4.23 SekiTxva 1.
(1)
(3)
=20 + 70 ,
(2)
=20 + 70 ,
=20 70 ,
(4)
=20 70 .
Cvens koordinatTa sistema x miwis donezea,

xolo y zeviT izrdeba. a) daalage veqtore-
2 4.24 suraTze
naCvenebia
lis
skunsis
bi Wurvis gaSvebis siCqareebis klebadobis
saWm-
mixedviT; b) daalage veqtorebi
maZiebeli
moZrao-
frenis drois klebadobis mixedviT.
bis traeqtoria i
6 xilis namcx-
sawyisi wertili-
vars erTaderTi
dan. skunss erTi
sargebeli Sur-
da igive T dro
sWirdeba traeqtoriaze aRniSnul yovel
Si
varjiSisas
moaqvs. 4.26 su-
c wertilebi skunsis saSualo siCqareebis
raTze
sididis klebadobis mixedviT.
bi
garkveul
=25
4,9
momentSi
burTis
siCqarea
(x RerZi horizontaluria, y
mimarTulia zeviT,
izomeba m/wm-ebSi). gai-
ara Tu ara burTma frenis umaRlesi wertili?
4 4.25 suraTze naCvenebia miwidan (erTi da

imave simaRlidan) erTnairi sawyisi siCqariTa da kuTxiT nasroli identuri Wurvebis
sami mdgomareoba. Wurvebi erTsa da imave
naCvene-
grafiki
asaxavs
lili
srola-
duliT
wertilamde misaRwevad. daalage a, b da
Wurvebis
gasronamcxvr-
is y simaRles da kuTxes frenis dros

siCqarisa da aCqarebis veqtorebs Soris.
(a) grafikze asoebiT aRniSnuli romeli
wertili Seesabameba namcxvris miwaze dacemis adgils? (b) grafiki 2 asaxavs srolis
imave sawyis siCqares, magram sxva kuTxes.
gasrolis adgilidan ufro Sors daecema
namcxvari amjerad Tu ufro axlos?
112
7
Tavi 4
350
km/sT
lurad
siCqariT
mfrinavma
ketebiT
horizonta-
TviTmfrinavma
saWmlis
maragi
pa-
Camoyara.
taluri siCqaris komponentebis mixedviT

da (d) sawyisi siCqaris mixedviT.
10 burTi mi- R
paketebze haeris zemoqmedeba ugulebel-
wis
yofilia. rogori iqneba paketebis sawyisi
garkveuli
(a)
yisi
vertikaluri
da
(b)
horizonta-
donidan
isroles.
ri
suraTze
iqneba
siCqaris
yuTis
horizontaluri
miwaze
dacemamde?
siCqariT
luri siCqaris komponentebi? (g) rogokomponenti
saw
4.29
na
Cvenebia
bur
(d) TviTmfrinavis siCqare rom yofiliyo
Tis R
450 km/sT, meti iqneboda vardnis dro, na-
cvlileba 0 gasrolis kuTxis mixedviT.
klebi Tu igive?
grafikze
8 4.27 suraTze mandarini isroles 1, 2

da 3 fanjrebis gavliT. fanjrebis zomebi
dan mciremde daalage (a) burTis frenis
identuria da vertikaluradac Tanabrad
arealis
aRniSnuli
simaRleze burTis siCqaris mixedviT.
11 4.30 suraTze
maTi avlis drois mixedviT da (b) am momen-
naCvenebia
oTxi
tSi mandarinis saSualo siCqaris mixedviT,
traeqtoria
(nax-
dididan mcireze.
evarwreebi an me
amis Semdeg mandarini Cauvlis 4, 5 da 6
oTxedi
1
2
wreebi),
fanjrebs, romelTa zomebi identuria, ma-
romelTac
gram romlebic vertikalurad araTanabar
matarebeli
manZilebzea ganlagebuli. daalage es fan-
nabari
jrebi (g) maTi Cavlis drois mixedviT da
moZraobisas. daa
(d) am momentSi mandarinis saSualo siCqa-
lage
ris mixedviT, dididan mcireze.
ebi
gadis
Ta
siCqariT
traeqtori
dididan
mciremde
matareblis
mixedviT.
12 4.31 suraTze P wertili
aCqarebis
sididis
Tanabarwri-
ulad moZraobs.
moZrao-
vlis
sami
aT-
saTavea.
a) -s ra mniS-
9 4.28 suraTze naCvenebia miwis doniburTis
koordinatTa
dartymuli
bis centri xy
sistemis
dan
didi-
mTliani drois mixedviT, (b) maqsimalur
aris daSorebuli. daalage fanjrebi (a)
wertilebi
traeqto-
vnelobebisTvis iqneba mdebareobis veqtoris ry ver-
ria. ugulebelyavi haeris zemoqmedeba da
tikaluri komponenti udidesi? b) -s ra
dididan mciremde daalage traeqtoriebi
mniSvnelobebisTvis iqneba wertilis siCqa-
(a) frenis drois
ris y vertikaluri komponenti udidesi? g)
mixedviT,
(b)
sawyisi
verti-
kaluri
siCqaris
komponentebis
mixedviT,
(g)
sawyisi horizon-
-s ra mniSvnelobebisTvis iqneba wertilis

aCqarebis ay vertikaluri komponenti udidesi?
1
13 (a) SesaZlebelia Tu ara aCqareba Tanabari

siCqariT moZraobis dros? SesaZlebelia Tu
ara rkalis Semowera (b) nulovani aCqarebiT
113
amocanebi
SSM

Manual-Si.
www

ILW
Interactive LearningWare amoxsnebi mocemulia

veb-gverdze http://www.wiley.
com/college/halliday.
amocanis sirTules
gviCvenebs
da (b) aCqarebis Tanabari sididiT?
qveTavi 4-2. mdebareoba da gadaadgileba

1 eleqtronis mdebareobis veqtoria = (5m) (3m) (2m) . a) ipove -is
sidide. b) aage veqtori marjvena koordinatTa sistemaSi.
2 sazamTros koordinatebia: x=5m,

y=8m da z=0m. ipove mdebareobis
veqtoris
a)
erTeulovan-veqtoruli Canaweri, b) sidide da g) x RerZis
dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi kuTxe.
d) aage veqtori marjvena koordinatTa sistemaSi. Tu sazamTro gadaitanes
wertilSi (3m,0,0), rogori iqneba misi
gadaadgilebis e) erTeulovan-veqto
ruli Canaweri, v) sidide da z) x-is
dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi kuTxe?
3 pozitronis gadaadgileba
= 2
3 +6 mTavrdeba =3 4 mdebareobis veqtoriT. rogori iyo pozitronis sawyisi mdebareobis veqtori?
D
5 60km/sT Tanabari siCqariT moZravi

matarebeli 40 wuTis manZilze aRmosavleTisken, Semdegi 20 wuTis manZilze
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT 50-iT, bolos
ki 50 wuTi dasavleTisken moZraobs.
rogori iqneba mTeli mgzavrobis manZilze matareblis saSualo siCqaris
(a) sidide da (b) kuTxe? SSM
eleqtronis
mdebareoba
mocemulia
formuliT: D =3t 4t +2
2
wameb-
Sia, xolo
_ metrebSi. (a) rogori iqneba

eleqtronis (t) siCqare erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi? rodesac t=2wm, rogori iqneba -s (b) erTeulovan-veqtoruli
Canaweri, (g) sidide da d) x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi kuTxe?
ionis sawyisi mdebareobis veqtoria
=5 6 +2 . 10 wamis Semdeg
=2 +
8 2 . rogori iqneba am 10 wamis ganmavlobaSi
saS
erTeulovan-veqtorul Canaw-
erSi?
TviTmfrinavi 45 wuTis ganmavlobaSi
483 km-s aRmosavleTiT mifrinavs A qalaqidan B qalaqisken, Semdeg ki 1,5 sT-is

ganmavlobaSi B qalaqidan C qalaqisken mifrinavs 966km-s samxreTiT. rogori iqneba
mTeli frenisTvis TviTmfrinavis gadaadgilebis (a) sidide da (b) mimarTuleba? rogori iqneba saSualo siCqaris (g) sidide
da (d) mimarTuleba? (e) rogori iqneba sa-
4 kedlis saaTis wuTebis maCvene-
Sualo manZili?
beli isari wveridan RerZamde daaxloebiT 10sm sigrZisaa. isris wveris

gadaadgilebis veqtoris kuTxe da sidide unda ganisazRvros drois sam SualedSi. ra iqneba veqtoris a) sidide
da b) kuTxe TxuTmeti wuTidan naxevar
saaTamde? rogori iqneba veqtoris
g) sidide da d) kuTxe Semdegi naxevari
saaTis ganmavlobaSi? rogori iqneba
veqtoris e) sidide da v) kuTxe Semdegi erTi saaTis ganmavlobaSi?
qveTavi 4.4. saSualo aCqareba da myisi aCqareba
qveTavi 4-3. saSualo siCqare da myisi

siCqare
losipedisti flagStokidan CrdiloeTiT
wertilis moZraobisas mdebareobis (me-
trebSi) droze (wamebSi) damokidebulebis

funqciaa = +4t 2 +t . dawere gamosaxulebebi (a) siCqarisTvis da (b) aCqarebisTvis,
rogorc drois funqciebi. SSM
10
garkveul momentSi velosipedisti
parkis flagStokidan aRmosavleTiT 40 mis manZilze imyofeba da samxreTisken moZraobs 10 m/wm siCqariT. 30 wamis Semdeg ve-
40 m-is manZilzea da aRmosavleTisken moZ-
114
Tavi 4
raobs 10 m/wm siCqariT. 30-wamian SualedSi
desac A wertili y RerZs Cauvlis, B wer-
rogori iqneba velosipedistis gadaadg-
tili aTvlis saTavidan moZraobas iwyebs
=0,4m/
ilebis (a) sidide da (b) mimarTuleba? ro-
nulovani
gori iqneba saSualo siCqaris (g) sidide da
wm2 Tanabari aCqarebiT.
(d) mimarTuleba? rogori iqneba saSualo
dadebiT mimarTulebas Soris ra kuTxe
aCqarebis (e) sidide da (v) mimarTuleba?
11 xy
sibrtyeze
mdebareoba
da
-sa da y RerZis
formuliT:
(2t 5t) + (6 7t ) ,
izomeba metrebSi,
xolo t wamebSi. erTeulovan-veqtorul
siCqariT
moZravi wertilis
mocemulia
sawyisi
CanawerSi, gamoTvale (a)
, (b)
da (g)
rodesac t = 2 wm. (d) rogori iqneba kuTxe x

RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebasa da wertilis
traeqtoriis mxebs Soris, rodesac t = 2wm?
12 zomieri qari xy horizontalur

tyeze moZrav kenWs
=(5m/wm2) +(7 m/wm2)
kenWis siCqarea (4 m/wm) . ras udris kenWis siCqaris (a) sidide da (b) kuTxe, ro
desac is gadaadgildeba 12 m-iT x RerZis
paralelurad?
urika xy horizontalur sibrtyeze
moZraobs ax=4 m/wm da ay=2 m/wm2 aCqarebis komponentebiT. misi sawyisi siCqaris
komponentebia v0x=8m/wm da v0y=12m/wm.
rogori iqneba urikis siCqare erTeulovanveqtorul CanawerSi, rodesac is udides y
koordinats miaRwevs?
14 xy
sibrtyeze moZravi
siCqare
mocemulia
wertilis
formuliT: xy
= (6t4t2) +8 . m/wm-ebSi izomeba, xolo

t (>0) wamebSi. (a) risi tolia aCqareba,
rodesac t = 3wm? b) rodis aris (Tu aris)
aCqareba nulis toli? (g) rodis aris (Tu
aris) siCqare nulis toli? (d) rodis aris
(Tu aris) siCqare 10 m/wm-is toli?
15
aTvlis saTavidan wertili moZrao-
bas iwyebs
= 3 m/wm siCqariT da
= (1
0,5 ) m/wm2 Tanabari aCqarebiT. rodesac

wertili udides x koordinats miaRwevs,
rogori iqneba misi (a) siCqare da (b) mdebareobis veqtori? SSM ILW
16 4.32
suraTze A wertili y = 30m
wrfis gaswvriv da x RerZis paralelurad
=3m/wm
sibr-
Tanabar aCqarebas aniWebs. rodesac t=0,
13
Tanabari siCqariT moZraobs. ro
gamoiwvevs Sejaxebas?
qveTavi 4-6. Wurvisebri moZraoba
17
brtyeli zedapiridan 45m simaRleze
mdebare Tofidan tyvia horizontalurad

isroles 250m/wm siCqariT. (a) ra drois
ganmavlobaSi iqneba tyvia haerSi? (b) gasrolis adgilidan horizontalurad ra manZilze daecema tyvia miwaze? (g) ras udris
tyviis siCqaris vertikaluri komponenti
miwaze dacemis dros?
18 1991
wels tokioSi, mZleosanTa msof
lio Cempionatze maik paueli 8,95 m-ze

gadaxta da bob bimonis mier damyarebuli
da 23 wlis manZilze xeluxlebeli rekordi
5 sm-iT gaaumjobesa. pauelis gadaxtomis

siCqare 9,5 m/wm iyo (daaxloebiT sprinteris siCqare), xolo tokioSi g = 9,8 m/wm2.
ramdenad mcirea pauelis horizontaluri
areali imave siCqariT gasrolili wertilis maqsimalur horizontalur arealze?
19
burTi
miwidan
haerSi
aisroles.
9,1m-is simaRleze misi siCqarea

+6,1 ) m/wm,
rad, xolo
= (7,6
mimarTulia horizontalu-
zeviT. (a) ra maqsimalur si-
maRles miaRwevs burTi? (b) ra horizontalur manZils gaivlis burTi? risi tolia
miwaze dacemis momentSi burTis siCqaris
(g) sidide da (d) kuTxe (horizontis mimarT)?
20
patara burTi 1,2m simaRlis magidis
115
kidesTan migorda da Camovarda. is magidis
kididan
1,52m
horizontalur
manZilze
wm
sawyisi siCqariT da horizontidan 40
kuTxiT. risi tolia srolis adgilidan
daeca. (a) ramden xans iyo burTi haerSi?
gadaadgilebis
(b) ras udrida misi siCqare magididan gad-
(b)
movardnis dros?
=1,1wm? gamoTvale
21 isari horizontalurad isroles 10 m/wm
rodesac t=1,8wm da t=5wm.
sawyisi siCqariT P wertilisken (samizne).
25
0,19 wamis Semdeg isari kidis Q wertils moxvda zustad P-s qvemoT. (a) risi tolia PQ
manZili? (b) ra manZilze ascda mizans isari?
22 4.33
suraTze qva h simaRlis kldis-
ken gaisroles 42 m/wm sawyisi siCqariT da

horizontisadmi 0=60 kuTxiT. qva A wertilSi daeca gasrolidan 5,5 wamis Semdeg.
ipove (a) kldis h simaRle, (b) qvis siCqare
dacemamde da (g) qvis maqsimaluri H si-
(a)
horizontaluri
da
vertikaluri komponentebi, rodesac t

igive
komponentebi,
myvinTavi wylis zedapiridan 10m
simaRlis platformis kididan 2 m/wm siCqariT gadmoxta. (a) kididan ra horizontalur manZilze iqneba myvinTavi 0,8 wm-is
Semdeg? (b) wylis zedapiridan ra vertikalur manZilze iqneba am momentSi myvinTavi? (g) kididan ra horizontalur manZilze Seexeba myvinTavi wyals? SSM WWW
26 matCis
dros CogburTeli burTs 23,6
m/wm siCqariT awvdis. burTis centri raketas
horizontalurad
scildeba
kor-
tis zedapiridan 2,37 m-is simaRleze. bade
12 m-is moSorebiTaa da 0,9 m simaRlisaa.

H
0
A
h
rodesac burTi bades miaRwevs, (a) gadaaxteba Tu ara mas da (b) rogori iqneba manZili burTis centrsa da badis zeda nawils
Soris? davuSvaT, burTi imave siCqariT
moawodes, magram burTi raketas amjerad
horizontidan 5 kuTxiT mocilda. rodesac burTi bades miaRwevs, (g) gadaaxteba
maRle miwidan.
23
TviTmfrinavis
siCqarea
290km/sT,
xolo daxriloba horizontis mimarT _
=30. piloti TviTmfrinavidan radaris

satyuaras agdebs (sur. 4.34). horizontaluri manZili satyuaras gaSvebis adgilidan
Tu ara mas da (d) ra manZili iqneba burTis

centrsa da badis zeda nawils Soris?
27
Tanabari siCqariT moZravi TviTm-
frinavi vertikalidan 53 kuTxiT gadaixara da 730 m simaRlidan Wurvi gaisrola.
davardnis adgilamde d=700 m-ia. (a) ram-
5 wamis Semdeg Wurvi miwaze daeca. (a) risi
den xans imyofeba satyuara haerSi? (b) ra
tolia TviTmfrinavis siCqare? (b) horizontalurad ra manZils gaivlis Wurvi frenis

dros? rogori iqneba Wurvis siCqaris (g)
horizontaluri da (d) vertikaluri komponentebi miwaze dacemis dros? SSM
28
fexburTis burTi dartymis Semdeg
moZraobs 19,5m/wm
sawyisi
siCqariT
da
miwidan 45iani kuTxiT. dartymis wer-
tilidan dartymis mimarTulebiT 55 m-is

moSorebiT myofi moTamaSe burTis dasax-
simaRlidan gauSves satyuara? ILW
24 t=0
momentSi
qva gaisroles 20m/
vedrad gamorbis. rogori unda iyos misi

saSualo siCqare, rom burTs miwaze davardnis dros Seexos?
116
Tavi 4
Wurvis sawyisi siCqare xuTjer me-
roles. 1,5 wm-is Semdeg burTi miwaze dae-
tia, vidre misi siCqare maqsimalur simaR-
ca, Senobidan d = 25 m manZilze da hori-
leze. ipove srolis 0 kuTxe.
zontidan =60 kuTxiT. (a) gamoTvale h
29
burTi kedlisken isroles 25m/wm
(miniSneba: erTi gzaa moZraobis ukan `gad-
siCqariT da horizontidan 0=40 kuTxiT
axveva~, rogorc videofirze). risi tolia
30
(sur. 4.35). burTis srolis wertilidan

kedlamde manZilia d=22m. (a) srolis wertilidan ra simaRleze daejaxeba burTi
burTis srolis siCqaris (b) sidide da (g)

kuTxe horizontalis mimarT? (d) kuTxe
horizontis qveviT aris Tu zeviT?
kedels? rogori iqneba kedelze moxvedris
34
dros misi siCqaris (b) horizontaluri da
siCqaris droze damokidebulebis grafi-
golfis burTi miwaze ecema. misi
(g) vertikaluri komponentebi? (d) kedelze
ki naCvenebia 4.37 suraTze. t = 0 momentSi
dajaxebis momentSi gavlili eqneba Tu ara
burTi miwaze ecema. (a) horizontalurad
burTs traeqtoriis umaRlesi wertili?
ra manZils gaivlis burTi miwaze dacemamde? (b) miwidan ra maqsimalur simaRles

miaRwevs burTi?
31
29
(m/wm)
0
d
27
25
23
21
19
31 SaSxana, romelic tyviebs 460m/wm siCqariT isvris, 45,7m-iT daSorebul samiznes

daumiznes. Tu samiznis centri SaSxanis si-
t (wm)
maRlezea, maSin samiznidan ra simaRleze
35 4.38
unda iyos damiznebuli SaSxanis lula, rom
qariT da horizontisadmi 50 kuTxiT is-
tyvia zustad centrSi moxvdes? SSM
roles. srolis adgili aRmarTis ZirSia,
32
romlis horizontaluri sigrZea d1 = 6m,
beisbolisti burTs horizontalu-
suraTze burTi 10 m/wm siC-
rad awvdis 161km/sT siCqariT. momgerie-
xolo simaRle d2 = 3,60 m. (a) burTi aRmar-
beli misgan 18,3 m manZilzea. a) ra dro
Tis Tavze daecema Tu aRmarTze? rodesac
dasWirdeba burTs manZilis pirveli naxevris gasavlelad? b) meore naxevris gas-
daecema, rogori iqneba srolis wertilidan gadaadgilebis (b) sidide da (g) kuTxe?
avlelad? g) rogoria burTis Tavisufali

vardnis manZili frenis pirvel naxevarSi?
d) meore naxevarSi? e) ratom aris erTmaneTis toli g) da d) sidideebi?
33 4.36
burTi
d2
d1
suraTze h simaRlis saxuravis
marcxena napiridan burTi marcxniv gais-
36 4.39 suraTze burTi h = 20

h
m simaRlis
saxuravze aisroles. 4 wamSi burTi saxuravze daeca. dacemamde burTsa da saxuravs

Soris kuTxe iyo =60. (a) moZebne burTis
d
mier ganvlili horizontaluri d manZili

(ixile 33-e amocanis miniSneba). rogori
117
4.41
iqneba burTis sawyisi siCqaris (b) sidide
siCqariT
da (g) kuTxe (horizontis mimarT)?
naCvenebia R areali dartymis 0 kuTxes-
unda
isrolon.
suraTze
Tan SedarebiT. 0-is sidide burTis frenis

dros gansazRvravs. tmax iyos frenis maqsi-
maluri dro. risi tolia burTis umciresi

siCqare frenis dros, Tu 0 isea SerCeuli,
rom frenis dro 0,5 tmax-is tolia?

200
R (m)
37
momgeriebeli
Camowodebul
burTs maSin urtyams, rodesac burTis centri miwidan 1,22 m simaRlezea.
burTi miwidan 45 kuTxiT mifrinavs.
am dartymis Sedegad, burTis horizontaluri areali (dartymis simaRleze
dabrunebisas) 107 m-ia. (a) gadalaxavs
Tu ara burTi 7,32 m simaRlis kedels,
romelic dartymis adgilidan 97,5 m-is
moSorebiTaa? (b) rogori iqneba kedlis zeda nawilsa da burTis centrs
Soris manZili, rodesac burTi kedels
miuaxlovdeba? SSM WWW
100
0
sur. 4.41. amocana 40.
41
burTi 1,52 m/wm siCqariT horizon-
talurad migoravs kibis napirisken. safexurebis simaRle da sigane 20,3 sm-ia. romel
safexurs daecema pirvelad burTi? SSM
42
gasrolidan 2 wamis Semdeg Wurvis
horizontaluri gadaadgilebaa 40 m, xolo

vertikaluri 53 m. risi tolia Wurvis
sawyisi siCqaris (a) horizontaluri da (b)
vertikaluri
rolon x m-iT daSorebuli kedlisken

(sur. 4.40a). 4.40b suraTze naCvenebia
burTis kedelze moxvedris y siCqaris y komponenti, rogorc x manZilis
funqcia. ras udris dartymis kuTxe?
maqsimaluri simaRlis miRwevis momentSi
simaRleze daiWires. burTi mifrinavs ked-
y
x
(a)
y (m/wm)
38 burTi miwis donidan unda is-
10
20
x (m)
(b)
39 fexburTels burTis dartyma SeuZlia 25 m/wm sawyisi siCqariT.

risi tolia (a) umciresi da (b) udidesi kuTxeebi, romlebiTac karidan 50
m-is daSorebiT mdgomma fexburTelma
burTs unda daartyas, rom miwidan 3,44
m-is simaRlis karis CarCoSi goli gaitanos? SSM
40
(g)
miwidan
horizontalurad ra manZilze gadaadgilda Wurvi gasrolis wertilidan?
43 4.42
suraTze
beisbolis
burTs
daartyes h=1m simaRlidan da Semdeg imave

lis gaswvriv. dartymidan 1 wamis Semdeg
-5
komponentebi?
burTi miwis donidan garkveuli
burTi ascdeba kedlis wvers da 4 wamis

Semdeg Camoscdeba, rodesac kedlis gaswvriv D = 50 m manZils gaivlis. (a) ra horizontaluri manZili gaiara burTma dartymidan daWeramde? ra iqneba dartymis
Semdeg burTis siCqaris (b) sidide da (g)
kuTxe (horizontis mimarT)? (d) ra simaRlisaa kedeli?
R
h
118
Tavi 4
qveTavi 4-7. Tanabarwriuli moZraoba
44
risi tolia 10 m/wm siCqariT moZravi
sprinteris aCqarebis sidide, rodesac is
25 m radiusis mosaxvevs gairbens?
45 15
m radiusis èSmakis borbali~ hor-
izontaluri RerZis garSemo yovel wuTSi
5 bruns akeTebs. risi tolia (a) moZraobis

periodi? risi tolia
umaRles wertilSi
centriskenuli aCqarebis (b) sidide da (g)

mimarTuleba? risi tolia yvelaze dabal
wertilSi centriskenuli aCqarebis (d) sidide da (e) mimarTuleba? ILW
46
centriskenuli aCqarebis moyvaruli
Tanabarwriulad moZraobs. periodi T = 2 wm da
r = 3m. t1 momentSi misi aCqarebaa
= (6m/wm2)
+(4m/wm2) ) m/wm2 risi tolia am momentSi

a)
47
da b)
kaci karuselSi vertikaluri RerZis
garSemo Tanabari siCqariT brunavs. siCqare aris 3,66 m/wm, xolo centriskenuli aCqareba 1,83 m/wm2.
mdebareobis veqtori kacs
mimarTulebas emTxveva. risi tolia wriuli traeqtoriis centris a) x da b) y koordinatebi?
51 t1 = 2 wm
momentSi saaTis isris moZ-
raobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT wriulad moZravi wertilis aCqarebaa (6m/wm2) +
+ (4m/wm2) . wertili Tanabrad moZraobs.

t2 = 5wm momentSi misi aCqarebaa (4 m/wm2) +
+(6m/wm2) . risi tolia wertilis moZraobis
traeqtoriis radiusi?
52
wertili Tanabrad moZraobs wreze,
romelic horizontalur xy sibrtyeSi mdebareobs. erT momentSi, (4m, 4m) wertilSi yofnisas, misi siCqarea 5 m/wm, xolo
aCqareba +12,5 m/wm2. risi tolia wriuli
traeqtoriis centris a) x da b) y koordinatebi?
53
biWuna qvas atrialebs 1,5m radiu-
sis wreze, miwidan 2m simaRleze. uecrad

Zafi wydeba, qva horizontalurad mifrinavs da 10m manZilis gavlis Semdeg miwaze
ecema. risi tolia wriuli moZraobisas
brunvis RerZTan aerTebs. a) risi tolia
qvis centriskenuli aCqareba? SSM WWW
-is sidide? saiT aris mimarTuli , rode-
54
sac
mimarTulia b) aRmosavleTisken da g)
samxreTisken?
48
ventilatori wuTSi 1200 bruns asru-
lebs. ganvixiloT 0,15 m radiusis ventila-
kata karuselze zis, romelic Tana-
barwriul moZraobas asrulebs. t1 = 2wm momentSi katis siCqare xy
horizontalur
koordinatTa sistemaSi aris
= (3m/wm)
toris frTis wveri. (a) ra manZils gaivlis
+ (4m/wm) . t2= 5wm momentSi katis siCqarea

= (3 m/wm) + (4 m/wm) . risi tolia (a)
2
is erTi brunis dros? rogoria misi (b)
katis centriskenuli aCqareba da (b) katis
siCqare da (g) aCqareba? (d) risi tolia
saSualo aCqareba t2 t1 drois monakveTSi?
brunvis periodi?
qveTavi 4-8. erTganzomilebiani fardobiTi moZraoba
49
qalis CanTa da safule karuselze
Tanabarwriulad moZraobs, Sesabamisad 2m

da 3m radiusiT. isini centridan erT xa-
55
dasavleTisken 20km/sT-iT moZravi man-
qanidan kinooperatori pikapze 30 km/sT-iT
zze mdebareobs. erT momentSi CanTis aCqa-
ufro swrafad morbenal gepards firze
rebaa (2m/wm2) + (4m/wm2) . amave momentSi da
iRebs. uecrad gepardi Cerdeba, aRmosavle-
erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi, rogori
Tisken brundeba da misi traeqtoriis max-
iqneba safulis aCqareba?
loblad mdgari jgufis erT-erTi wevris
50
mimarT 45 km/sT siCqariT garbis. gepardis
wertili Tanabarwriulad moZraobs
horizontalur xy koordinatTa sistemaSi.
t1 = 4wm momentSi is imyofeba (5m, 6m) adg-
siCqaris cvlilebas 2 wami dasWirda. risi

tolia operatoris mimarT gepardis aCqa-
ilze, aqvs (3 m/wm) siCqare da aCqareba x
rebis (a) sidide da (b) mimarTuleba. risi
RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT. rodesac
tolia jgufis aRelvebuli wevris mimarT
t2 =10wm, misi siCqarea (3 m/wm) , xolo

aCqarebis mimarTuleba y RerZis dadebiT
gepardis aCqarebis (g) sidide da (d) mimarTuleba?
119
56 navi mdinaris dinebis sawinaaRmdego mi-
imave dros gadis. A xomaldi 24 kvanZs gadis
marTulebiT (x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTule-
Crdilo-dasavleTisken, xolo B xomaldi
ba) mdinaris dinebis mimarT 14km/sT
siC-
_ 28 kvanZs 40 samxreT-dasavleTisken. (1
qariT micuravs. wyali miwis mimarT 9km/sT
kvanZi = saaTSi 1 zRvis mili; ixile danar-
siCqariT miedineba. risi tolia miwis mimarT
Ti D). risi tolia A xomaldis B-s mimarT
navis siCqaris (a) sidide da (b) mimarTuleba?
siCqaris (a) sidide da (b) mimarTuleba? (g)
navze mdgomi bavSvi win da ukan dadis navis
ra drois Semdeg daSordebian xomaldebi
mimarT 6 km/sT siCqariT. risi tolia miwis
erTmaneTs 160 sazRvao miliT? (d) rogori
mimarT bavSvis siCqaris (g) sidide da (d) mi-
iqneba am dros B-s mdebareobis mimarTule-
marTuleba?
ba A-s mimarT? SSM ILW
57
62
saeWvo garegnobis kaci moZravi bi-
likis erTi bolodan meorisken garbis 2,5
TviTmfrinavma 15 wuTi ifrina 42km/
sT siCqaris qarSi, romelic aRmosavleTidan
wm-is ganmavlobaSi. usafrTxoebis agentis
20-iT samxreTiT uberavs. amJamad TviTm-
gamoCenis Semdeg kaci isev sawyisi werti-
frinavi qalaqis Tavzea, sawyisi wertili-
lisken mirbis 10 wm-is ganmavlobaSi. risi
dan CrdiloeTiT 55 km manZilze. risi to-
tolia kacis siCqaris Sefardeba bilikis
lia TviTmfrinavis siCqare haeris mimarT?
siCqaresTan?
63
qveTavi 4-9.
organzomilebiani far-
ragbis moTamaSe burTTan erTad mowi-
naaRmdegisken mirbis x RerZis dadebiTi

mimarTulebiT. moTamaSes TanagundelisTvis burTis gadawodeba manamde SeuZlia,
sanam
mindvris
(miwis mimarT) siCqariT samxreTisken. wvima

qars samxreTisken miaqvs. TiToeuli wvi-
dobiTi moZraoba
58
matarebeli wvimaSi moZraobs 30 m/wm
mimarT
burTis
siCqares
mis wveTis traeqtoria vertikalidan 70

kuTxiTaa
daxrili miwaze mdgomi
damkvirveblis mimarT. matarebelze myofi

damkvirveblisTvis wvimis wveTebi vertikalurad ecema. gansazRvre miwis mimarT
dadebiTi x komponenti ara aqvs. davuSvaT,
wvimis wveTebis siCqare. SSM
moTamaSe garbis 4 m/wm siCqariT mindvris
64 4.43
mimarT da burTs Tanagundels awvdis sa-
uZravi
suraTze mocemul zedxedze P
da B jipi moZraobs wrfivad brtyel zeda-
-s
pirze da Cauvlian uZrav A mesazRvres.
sididea 6 m/wm, rogori iqneba pasis umci-
mesazRvris mimarT B-s siCqarea 20 m/wm,
kuTari Tavis mimarT
siCqariT. Tu
resi kuTxe wesebis darRvevis gareSe?
59
Tovlis fifqebi miwaze ecema 8 m/wm
Tanabari siCqariT. vertikalidan ra kuTxiT Cans fifqebis dacema swor gzaze 50 km/
sT-iT moZravi manqanis mZRolisTvis? SSM
60 msubuqi
qariT
TviTmfrinavi 500 km/sT siC-
mifrinavs.
daniSnulebis
adgili
zustad CrdiloeTiTaa 800 km-is manZilze,

magram piloti xvdeba, rom TviTmfrinavi
CrdiloeTidan 20 kuTxiT aRmosavleTisken
unda mimarTos, raTa pirdapir daniSnulebis
adgilisken
gafrindes.
2 saaTis Semdeg
TviTmfrinavi daniSnulebis adgils aRwevs.

risi tolia qaris siCqaris (a) sidide da (b)
mimarTuleba?
61 A da B xomaldebi portidan erTsa da
xolo kuTxe 2=30. mesazRvris mimarT P-
s Tanabari aCqarebaa 0,4 m/wm2, xolo kuTxe
1=60. garkveul momentSi P-s siCqarea
40 m/wm. risi tolia am momentSi B-s mimarT

P-s siCqaris (a) sidide da (b) mimarTuleba?
risi tolia B-s mimarT P-s aCqarebis (g)
sidide da (d) mimarTuleba?
65 A xomaldi
imyofeba B xomaldidan
CrdiloeTiT 4km manZilze da aRmosavleTiT 2,5 km manZilze. A-s siCqarea 22 km/sT

samxreTiT, xolo B-s siCqarea 40 km/sT 37
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. (a) risi tolia A-s
siCqare B-s mimarT erTeulovan-veqtorul
CanawerSi,
Tu
mimarTulia
aRmosavle-
Tisken? (b) dawere B-s mimarT A-s mdebareobis gamosaxuleba ( -sa da -s saSualebiT),
120
Tavi 4
rogorc t drois funqcia, sadac roca t = 0,
mavlobaSi. am momentSi (a) ra manZilze xar
xomaldebi imyofebian zemoT aRweril mde-
sawyisi wertilidan? (b) moZraobis sawyisi
bareobebze. (g) ra droSia xomaldebs So-
mimarTulebisadmi ra mimarTulebiT xar?
ris daSoreba umciresi? (d) risi tolia
68 sikvdilis farda. liTonis didi aster-
umciresi daSoreba?
oidi dedamiwaze ecema da miwaSi uzarmaCrd
zar kraters amoTxris. dacemis wertiliaRm
qvebi
dan caSi didi siCqariT da did manZilze

amoifrqeva.
mocemulia 5
cxrilSi
amofrqveuli qvis siCqare da kuTxe hori-
zontis mimarT (aris sxva qvebic, sxva siCqariTa da kuTxiT). davuSvaT, Sen xar x=20km
wertilSi, rodesac asteroidi dedamiwas
66 200 m
siganis mdinare 1,1 m/wm siCqa-
ejaxeba t=0 momentSi da x=0
wertilSi
riT aRmosavleTisken miedineba junglebis
(sur. 4.44). (a) rodesac t = 20 wm, rogori
gavliT. tyidan patara mindorze gamosul
iqneba
Seni
mimarTulebiT
gamosrolili
mkvlevars unda mdinaris samxreT napiri-
qvebis (A-dan E-mde) x da y koordinatebi?
dan kateriT gadavides meore napirze. kat-
(b) aRniSne es wertilebi da maTze mrudi
eri mdinaris mimarT 4 m/wm Tanabari siC-
gaavle, romelSic Sesuli iqneba sxva siC-
qariT moZraobs. CrdiloeT napirze aris

meore mindori, romelic samxreT napiris
mindvris mopirdapire wertilidan 82 kmiT aris daSorebuli dinebis sawiaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT. (a) ra mimarTulebiT unda
qariTa da kuTxiT amotyorcnili qvebic.

grafikma
unda
mogces
warmodgena,
ras
dainaxav, rodesac qvebi mogiaxlovdeba, da

ras xedavdnen dinozavrebi, rodesac uxsovar dros asteroidi dedamiwas Seejaxa.
waiyvanos kateri mkvlevarma, raTa pirda-
qvebi
siCqare (m/wm)
kuTxe (gradusi)
pir CrdiloeT napiris mindors miadges?
520
14
(b) ra dro dasWirdeba katers mdinaris
B
C
630
16
750
18
870
20
1000
22
gadasakveTad da mindvramde misasvlelad?
67 Sen politologebma mogitaces (vinaidan ganucxade, rom politologia namdvili
mecniereba ar aris). miuxedavad imisa, rom

Tvalebi akruli gaqvs, SegiZlia gansazRvro maTi manqanis siCqare (Zravis xmauriT), mgzavrobis dro (wamebis daTvliT)
da
moZraobis
mimarTuleba
(moxvevebis
damaxsovrebiT). Seni varaudiT, wagiyvanes

Semdegi kursiT: 50 km/sT-iT 2 wuTis ganmavlobaSi, Seuxvies 90 marjvniv, 20 km/
sT-iT iares 4 wuTis ganmavlobaSi, Seuxvies 90 marjvniv, 20 km/sT-iT iares 60
wamis ganmavlobaSi, Seuxvies 90 marcxniv,
50 km/sT-iT iares 60 wamis ganmavlobaSi,

Seuxvies 90 marjvniv, 20 km/sT-iT iares 2
wuTis ganmavlobaSi, Seuxvies 90 marcxniv
da, bolos, 50 km/sT-iT iares 30 wamis gan-
x
0
10
20
69 burTi unda tyorcno 12 m/wm siCqariT

da moartya srolis adgilidan h = 5 m simaRleze myof samiznes (sur. 4.45 a). mizanTan miRwevisas burTs horizontaluri siCqare unda hqondes. (a) horizontidan ra
kuTxiT unda tyorcno burTi? (b) risi

tolia horizontaluri manZili tyorcnis
adgilsa da samiznes Soris? (g) risi tolia
121
burTis siCqare samiznis miRwevis dros?
wertilisken (t = 5 wT), Semdeg C wertilisken (t = 10 wT), bolos ki D wertilisken
mizani
(t = 15 wT). dafiqrdi ciyvis saSualo siCqareebze A wertilidan TiToeul wertilamde. am sami saSualo siCqaridan, rogori
iqneba umciresis (a) sidide da (b) kuTxe?
rogori iqneba udidesis (g) sidide da (d)

kuTxe?
70 4.46 suraTze talaxis belti wriulad

moZraobs 20 sm radiusis borbalze, romelic saaTis isris sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT brunavs. borblis brunvis periodia
5m/wm
(borbali
72 4.48 suraTze naCvenebia skunsis moZraobis traeqtoria, i sawyisi wertilidan

f saboloo wertilamde. kuTxeebia: 1=30,
2= 50 da 3= 80. manZilebia: d1 = 5m, d2 =
8m da d3 = 12 m. risi tolia skunsis mTliani

gadaadgilebis (a) sidide da (b) kuTxe?
y
warmovidginoT
saaTis ciberblatis saxiT). rodesac borbalze beltis mdebareoba Seesabameba saaTis
d3
ciferblatze patara isris mdebareobas xuT
d1
saaTze, belti mis zedapirs moswydeba h =
belti?
1,2 m simaRlidan, kedlidan d = 2,5 m daSorebiT. ra simaRleze moxvdeba kedels
d2
73 wertili Tanabrad moZraobs wrewirze

xy koordinatTa sistemis aTvlis saTavis
borbali
garSemo, saaTis isris moZraobis mimarTule-
talaxi
biT, 7wm periodiT. erT momentSi misi mdebareobis veqtori (aTvlis saTavidan) aris
= (2 m) (3 m) . risi tolia am momentSi
71 4.47 suraTze naCvenebia miwaze moZravi

ciyvis traeqtoria: A wertilidan (t = 0) B
wertilis siCqare erTeulovan-veqtorul

CanawerSi?
74 4.49 suraTze burTi miwidan vertikalurad aisroles v0= 7 m/wm sawyisi siC-
y (m)
50
qariT. amavdroulad, samSeneblo liftis
kabina miwidan zemoT iwyebs moZraobas vc =
3 m/wm sawyisi siCqariT. ra maqsimalur si25
maRles miaRwevs burTi (a) miwis mimarT da

(b) kabinis mimarT? ra tempiT icvleba burx (m)
0
25
50
-25
-50
B
burTi
122
Tavi 4
Tis siCqare (g) miwis mimarT da (d) kabinis
romliTac Wurvi mizans moxvdeba?
mimarT?
78 mdebareobis veqtori
75 4.50a suraTze ciga Tanabrad moZraobs

x-is uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT da vs siCqa-
wertilis mdebareobas gansazRvravs, ro
riT. am dros cigidan Tovlis gunda is-
metrebSi, xolo t wamebSi. e da f koefici-
riT. rodesac gunda miwaze ecema, misi

gadaadgileba xmiwa izomeba
miwis
entebi mudmivebia. 4.52 suraTze naCvenebia

wertilis moZra
mimarT
obis mimarTule
(srolis adgilidan davardnis adgilamde).
bis kuTxe, ro-
4.50 b suraTze xmiwa mocemulia, rogorc vs-
gorc
is funqcia. davuSvaT, gunda daaxloebiT
funqcia
( izo
srolis simaRleze daeca. risi tolia (a)
meba
RerZis
v0x-is da (b) v0y-is sidideebi? cigis mimarT

gundis xciga gadaadgilebis gazomvac Ses-
dadebiTi
aZlebelia. davuSvaT, cigis siCqare gun-
gamoTvale
dis srolis dros ar icvleba. risi tolia
koeficienti
xciga-s, rodesac vs aris (g) 5 m/wm da (d) 15
b) f koeficienti,
m/wm?
erTeulebis
40
(a)
drois
0o
10
20
mimar
Tulebisadmi).
a)
-40o
da
t (wm)
ga
79 qals mdore wyalSi niCbis mosma SeuZlia

x miwa (m)
40o
TvaliswinebiT.
gunda
ciga
veqtori izomeba
=v0x + v0y siCqa0
roles cigis mimarT
gorc t drois funqcias.
= 5t + (et + ft2)
6,4 km/sT siCqariT, magram amJamad 6,4 km siganis mdinareSi imyofeba, romelic 3,2 km/sT
10
20
siCqariT miedineba. davuSvaT,
mimarTulia
mdinaris erTi napiridan meoresken, xolo
mdinaris dinebis mimarTulebiT. Tu qali

-40
v s (m/wm)
(b)
yisi wertilis sapirispiro mimarTulebiT,

maSin (a) -sadmi ra kuTxiT unda mimarTos
qalma navi da (b) ra dro dasWirdeba? (g)
76 xy sibrtyeze moZravi wertilis aCqarebaa

= 3t + 4t , sadac
niCbebs usvams da moZraobs wrfivad saw-
ra dro dasWirdeba qals, Tu is 3,2 km-iT

mdinares dauyveba da Semdeg dabrundeba
izomeba m/wm -Si, xolo
sawyis wertilSi? (d) ra dro dasWirdeba,
t wamebSi. rodesac t = 0, wertilis mdebare-
Tu 3,2 km-s gacuravs mdinarebis dinebis
obis veqtoria
qare
= (20 m) + (40 m) , xolo siC-
= (5m/wm) + (2 m/wm) . rodesac t = 4 wm,
sawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT
dabrundeba sawyis wertilSi? e)
da
Semdeg
-sadmi ra
risi tolia a) wertilis mdebareobis veq-
kuTxiT unda mimarTos navi qalma meore
tori erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi da
napirze umokles droSi gadasasvlelad?
b) kuTxe x RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebasa da
(v) risi tolia es dro?
wertilis moZraobis mimarTulebas Soris?
80 vulkanis amofrqvevis dros krateri-
77 Wurvi R = 20 m moSorebiT miwaze ganlagebul samiznes esroles v0=30 m/wm sawyisi
dan myari qanis natexebi, e.w. vulkanuri
maRali traeqtoria
siCqariT, rogorc
es 4.51 xuraTzea
naCvenebi.
risi
tolia srolis (a)

umciresi
udidesi
dabali
traeqtoria
da
(b)
kuTxe,
0
0
bombebi amoifrqveva. 4.53 suraTze iaponiaSi fuZaiamas mTis ganivkveTia naCvenebi. (a)
ra sawyisi siCqariT unda amovardes bombi
A gamosasvlelidan horizontisadmi = 35o

kuTxiT, raTa vulkanis B wertilSi daeces,
Tu vertikaluri manZili h = 3,3 km, xolo
A-dan B-mde horizontaluri d = 9,4km. ha-
123
A
miaRwevs r maqsimalur sidides? (d) rogori

0
iqneba es sidide da srolis adgilidan ra

manZilze iqneba qva (e) horizontalurad
da (v) vertikalurad? rodesac 0 = 80, (z)
rodis miaRwevs r maqsimalur sidides? (T)

d
rogori iqneba es sidide da srolis adgilidan ra manZilze iqneba qva (i) horizontalurad da (k) vertikalurad?
eris zemoqmedeba bombis moZraobaze ug-
84 CrdiloeT naxevarsferos zomier ganede-
ulebelyavi. (b) risi toli iqneba bombis
bze grZeli gadafrenebis dros aRmosav-
frenis dro? (g) gazrdis Tu Seamcirebs
leTiT mimarTuli haeris nakadi TviTm-
haeris zemoqmedeba (a) kiTxvis pasuxs?
frinavis siCqareze gavlenas axdens. Tu
81 A oazisi B oazisidan dasavleTisken 90

km manZilzea. aqlemi A oazisidan gadis da
piloti haeris mimarT garkveul siCqares
50 saaTis ganmavlobaSi 75 km gaivlis 37

kuTxiT Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. Semdegi 35
saaTis ganmavlobaSi aqlemi 65 km-s gaivlis
samxreTiT, Semdeg ki 5 saaTs isvenebs. risi
tolia aqlemis gadaadilebis (a) sidide da
(b) mimarTuleba A-s mimarT? A oazisidan
gamosvlidan dasvenebis bolomde risi tolia aqlemis saSualo siCqaris (g) sidide
da (d) mimarTuleba? (e) misi saSualo siCqare? aqlemma ukanasknelad wyali A oazisSi dalia da maqsimum 120 saaTi aqvs, raTa B
oazisSi dalios. Tu aqlemi B-s droulad
miaRwevs, risi toli iqneba dasvenebis Semdeg misi saSualo siCqaris (v) sidide da
(z) mimarTuleba?
82 rodesac didi varskvlavi zeaxal varskvlavad anu `supernovad~ gardaiqmneba,
ganaviTarebs,
dedamiwis
mimarT
siCqare
ufro metia, roca frena haeris dinebis

mimarTulebiTaa, da naklebia, roca haeris
dinebis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiTaa. davuSvaT, TviTmfrinavi 4000 km-iT daSorebul qalaqebs Soris win da ukan mifrinavs.
marSrutis pirveli naxevari haeris dinebis
mimarTulebiTaa, xolo meore naxevari
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. kompiuteri
pilots urCevs, haeris mimarT 1000 km/sT
siCqariT ifrinos, romlisTvisac wina da
ukana frenebis xangrZlivobebs Soris gansxvaveba 70 wuTi iqneba. haeris nakadis ra
siCqares iTvaliswinebs kompiuteri?
85 4.54 suraTze radiolokaciurma sadgurma
aRmoaCina
aRmosavleTidan
momavali
TviTmfrinavi. Tavdapirveli dakvirvebiT,

TviTmfrinavi
sadguridan
d1=360m man-
misi birTvi imdenad da ise ikumSeba, rom is
Zilze da 1 = 40 kuTxiT imyofeba. Semdeg
20 km radiusis neitronis varskvlavi xdeba.
sadgursa da TviTmfrinavs Soris kuTxe
Tu neitronis varskvlavi wamSi erT bruns
=123-iT Seicvala, xolo manZili d2 =
akeTebs, maSin (a) risi tolia varskvlavis
490m gaxda. rogori iqneba am drois ganma-
ekvatorze mdebare wertilis siCqare da (b)
vlobaSi TviTmfrinavis gadaadgilebis (a)
risi tolia wertilis centriskenuli aCqa-
sidide da (b) mimarTuleba?
rebis sidide? (g) Tu neitronis varskvlavi
TviTmfrinavi
ufro swrafad brunavs, (a)-s da (b)-s pasuxebi izrdeba, mcirdeba Tu igive rCeba?
83 t = 0 momentSi qva miwidan isroles 16 m/wm

sawyisi siCqariT da 0 kuTxiT. warmoidgine
gasrolis
adgilidan
qvisken
d2
das
d1
1
mimarTuli
mdebareobis veqtori. aage mdebareobis

veqtoris r sididis grafiki, Tu (a) 0 = 40
da (b) 0 =80. rodesac 0 = 40, (g) rodis
radari
aRm
124
Tavi 4
86 ori trasa erTmaneTs kveTs, rogorc es
wrewirze
4.55 suraTzea naCvenebi. mocemul momentSi

P policiis manqana imyofeba gadakveTis
31014
adgilidan dP = 800 m manZilze da moZraobs
tolia brunvis periodi?
vP = 80 km/sT siCqariT. M manqana gadakveTis

adgilidan dM=600 m manZilze imyofeba da
90 200 m siganis mdinare aRmosavleTisken
moZraobs vM = 60 km/sT siCqariT. (a) risi
mimarT 8 m/wm siCqaris mqone navi mdinaris
tolia M manqanis siCqare P manqanis mimarT

erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi? (b) 4.55
moZravi
m/wm2.
eleqtronis
aCqarebaa
(a) risi tolia eleqtronis
siCqare, Tu wris radiusia 15 sm? (b) risi
miedineba 2 m/wm Tanabari siCqariT. wylis

samxreT napiridan miemarTeba 30 kuTxiT
Crdilo-dasavleTiT.
risi
tolia
miwis
suraTze naCvenebi momentisTvis, risi to-
mimarT navis siCqaris (a) sidide da (b)
lia kuTxe (a)-Si napovn siCqaresa da ori
mimarTuleba? (g) ra dro dasWirdeba navs
mZRolis Tvalsawiers Soris? (g) Tu orive
mdinaris gadasakveTad?
manqana siCqares SeinarCunebs, gadakveTasTan miaxloebisas Seicvleba Tu ara (a) da

(b) kiTxvis pasuxebi?
91 amocanis 4.7 b nimuSSi qvemexi Wurvs 686m

horizontalur manZilze isvris. zarbazani
zRvis doneze dgas da horizontidan 45-
iTaa daxrili. ramdeniT gaizrdeba Wurvis

frenis horizontaluri manZili, Tu qvemexs 30 m-iT maRla ganvalagebT?
92 protonis sawyisi mdebareobis veqtoria

dM
bareobis
vM
P
= 2
+ 6
+ 2 .
veqtori?
(b)
romeli
sibrtyis
parale-
x luria es veqtori?
93 (a) Tu eleqtroni horizontalurad
dP
isroles 3106 m/wm siCqariT, ra manZilze
daecema is horizontalurad 1 m-is gavlis
87 SaSxana horizontalurad damiznebulia 30 m-iT daSorebul samizneze. tyvia

xvdeba
veqtori
(a) rogori iqneba protonis gadaadgilebis
vP
samiznes
= 5 6 + 2 , xolo momdevno mde-
damiznebis
adgilidan
1,9sm-iT qveviT. risi tolia (a) tyviis
Semdeg?
94 Wurvis siCqare miwidan maqsimalur simaRleze 10 m/wm-ia. (a) risi tolia Wurvis
siCqare maqsimaluri simaRlis miRwevamde
frenis dro da (b) misi siCqare SaSxanidan
1wm-iT adre? (b) risi tolia Wurvis siC-
gamosvlis dros?
qare
88 swrafi franguli matarebeli 216 km/

sT siCqariT moZraobs. (a) Tu matarebeli
am dros wriulad moZraobs, xolo mgzavrebisTvis dasaSvebia 0,05 g-mde aCqareba,
risi tolia traeqtoriis mrudis umciresi
radiusi? (b) ra siCqariT unda Semouaros
matarebelma 1 km radiusis mruds, raTa
aCqarebis limiti ar daarRvios?
89 magnituri vels SeuZlia damuxtuli

nawilakis
davuSvaT,
wriuli
moZraoba
konkretul
gamoiwvios.
magnitur
velSi
maqsimaluri
simaRlis
miRwevidan
1wm-is Semdeg? Tu maqsimaluri simaRlis

wertilia x = 0 da y = 0, xolo siCqaris
mimarTuleba x RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebas emTxveva, maSin risi tolia maqsimaluri
simaRlis miRwevamde 1wm-iT adre Wurvis
mdebareobis (g) x da d) y koordinati? risi
tolia Wurvis (e) x da v) y koordinati
maqsimaluri simaRlis miRwevidan 1wm-is
Semdeg?
95 protonis sawyisi siCqarea
=4 2 +3 ,
xolo 4 wamis Semdeg =2 2 +5 (m/wm-ebSi).

am oTxi wamis ganmavlobaSi risi tolia
125
(a) protonis
saS
aCqareba erTeulovan-veqsi-
wamis srialis Semdeg kurdRlis a) siCqare
da x RerZis dadebiT
da b) mdebareoba erTeulovan-veqtorul
torul CanawerSi? (b) risi tolia

dide da (g)
saS-sa
Tulebad aiRe aRmosavleTi. risi tolia 3
saS-s
mimarTulebas Soris kuTxe?
CanawerSi?
96 P wertili Tanabari siCqariT moZrao-
99 wertili moZraobas iwyebs aTvlis saTavi-
bs r = 3 m radiusis wreze (sur. 4.56) da

erT bruns 20 wamSi asrulebs. wertili O-s
Cauvlis t = 0 momentSi. qvemoT mocemuli
veqtorebi gamosaxe sidide-kuTxur Canaw-
dan t=0 momentSi 8 m/wm siCqariT da xy sibrtyeze Tanabari (4 +2 ) m/wm2 aCqarebiT

moZraobs. rodesac wertilis x koordinatia 29m, risi tolia (a) y koordinati da
erSi (kuTxe aRebulia x RerZis dadebiTi
(b) siCqare?
mimarTulebisadmi). ipove O-s mimarT wer-
100 3,5 saaTis ganmavlobaSi sahaero buS-
tilis mdebareobis veqtori, Semdeg t mo-
ti afrenis wertils Sordeba
mentebSi: (a) 5 wm, b) 7,5 wm da (g) 10 wm. (d)
CrdiloeTiT, 9,7 km-iT aRmosavleTiT da
ipove wertilis gadaadgileba mexuTe wamis
2,88 km-iT vertikalurad zeviT. moZebne (a)
dasasrulidan meaTe wamis dasasrulamde
burTis saSualo siCqare da (b) kuTxe sa-
5-wamian SualedSi. am SualedisTvis ipove

(e) P wertilis saSualo siCqare da siCqare
Sualo siCqaresa da horizonts Soris.
Sualedis (v) dasawyisSi da (z) dasasrulSi.
Tisken mifrinavs 20 km/sT siCqariT samxre-
amis Semdeg ipove wertilis aCqareba intervalis (T) dasawyisSi da (i) dasasrulSi.
y
21,5 km-iT
101 TviTmfrinavi miwis mimarT aRmosavleTisken mqrolav qarSi. Tu qaris gareSe

TviTmfrinavis siCqarea 70 km/sT, risi tolia TviTmfrinavis siCqare miwis mimarT?
102 wriul bilikze morbenali sprinteris

r
siCqarea 9,2 m/wm, xolo centriskenuli aC-
qarebaa 3,8 m/wm2. risi tolia (a) bilikis

radiusi da (b) wriuli moZraobis periodi?
x
103 burTi horizontalurad isroles 20

m simaRlidan. misi miwaze dacemis siCqare
3-jer metia sawyis siCqareze. risi tolia

sawyisi siCqare?
97 yinulmWreli gayinuli tbis zedapirze
104 1109 sm/wm sawyisi horizontaluri
qaris mier miniWebuli Tanabari aCqarebiT
siCqaris
moZraobs. garkveul momentSi yinulmWre-
horizontalur damuxtul firfitas Soris
lis siCqarea (6,3 8,42 ) m/wm. sami wamis
moZraobs. eleqtroni gaivlis 2 sm horizon-
Semdeg qaris Cadgomis gamo yinulmWreli
talur manZils firfitebis mimarT 11017
Cerdeba. risi tolia yinulmWrelis saSua-
sm/wm2 aCqarebiT. risi tolia (a) dro, ro-
lo aCqareba am samwamian SualedSi?
melic eleqtrons dasWirdeba 2 sm-is gas-
98 aRmosavleTisken 6 m/wm siCqariT morbe-
avlelad? (b) risi tolia am droSi ganv-
nali kurdReli umniSvnelo xaxunis mqone
lili vertikaluri manZili? risi tolia
yinulze
srialis
am firfitebidan gamosvlamde eleqtronis
aCqarebas
siCqaris (g) horizontaluri da (d) verti-
aRmoCndeba.
yinulze
dros qari kurdRels 1,4 m/wm
mqone
eleqtroni
liTonis
or
aniWebs CrdiloeTis mimarTulebiT. airCie
kaluri komponentebi?
koordinatTa sistema, romlis aTvlis saT-
105 Wurvi 30m/wm sawyisi siCqariT hori-
ave yinulze kurdRlis sawyis mdebareobas
zontisadmi 60kuTxiT isroles. risi to-
daemTxveva, xolo x RerZis dadebiT mimar-
lia srolidan 2wamis Semdeg siCqaris (a)
126
Tavi 4
sidide da (b) kuTxe? (g) horizontidan
trasis Tavze imyofeba. miwaze myofi dam-
maRlaa Tu dablaa es kuTxe? risi to-
kvirvebeli pilots gadascems, rom uber-
lia srolidan 5 wamis Semdeg siCqaris (d)
avs 70 mili/sT siCqaris qari, magram qaris
sidide da (e) mimarTuleba? (v) horizonti-
mimarTulebas ar eubneba. piloti amCnevs,
dan maRlaa Tu dablaa kuTxe?
rom, qaris miuxedavad, TviTmfrinavs 1 saa-
106 softbolis momwodebeli burTs mi-
Tis ganmavlobaSi trasis Tavze 135 milis
widan 3.0 futis simaRlidan isvris. bur-
gavla SeuZlia. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, mi-
Tis mdebareobis stroboskopuli grafiki
wis mimarT siCqare qaris drosac igivea. (a)
mocemulia 4.57 suraTze. monacemebi asaxu-
ra mimarTulebiT uberavs qari? (b) saiTken
lia 0,25 wamis intervalSi, xolo burTi
aris TviTmfrinavi mimarTuli?
gaisroles t = 0 momentSi. (a) risi tolia
110
burTis sawyisi siCqare? (b) risi tolia
2,24m-is imaRlezea, xolo moednis zomebia
burTis siCqare miwis donidan maqsimaluri
9m9m badis TiToeul mxares. Cawodebisas
simaRlis miRwevisas? (g) risi tolia maqsi-
moTamaSe burTs artyams miwidan 3m simaR-
maluri simaRle?
leze da badidan horizontalurad 8m-is
10
daSorebiT.
qalTa
frenburTSi
Tu
burTis
bade
sawyisi
miwidan
siCqare
y (futi)
horizontaluria, maSin (a) ra minimaluri

siCqare unda hqondes burTs, rom bades
5
gadaafrindes? (b) ra maqsimaluri siCqare

unda hqondes burTs, rom moednis meore
naxevris ukana xazs ar gascdes?
10
20
30
x (futi)
40
vrebis gadasayvanad eskalatori muSaobs.

eskalatoris
gamoyenebis
nacvlad
derefans 150 wm-Si fexiT gadis. karli,

romelic eskalatorze dgas, imave manZils
70 wamSi gadis. mo eskalatorze dgas da

Tan fexiTac midis. ra dro dasWirdeba mos
derefnis gasavlelad? dauSvi, rom lari
da mo erTi da imave siCqariT dadian.
108 fexburTelma burTs ise daartya, rom

burTma haerSi 4,5 wami ifrina
B
y
dinatTa sistemaSi
107 aeroportis grZel derefanSi mgzalari
111 4.58 suraTze

naCvenebia xy koor-
da 46 m-is
moSorebiT daeca. Tu burTi fexburTelis

fexs miwidan 150 sm-is simaRleze mowyda,
moZravi
wertilis
wrfivi
traeqto-
ria. wertili uZravi mdgomareobidan
Cqardeba t1 drois
SualedSi. aCqareba Tanabaria. A wertilis
koordinatebia (4m, 6 m), xolo B wertilisa
(12m, 18m). (a) risi tolia aCqarebis komponentebis Sefardeba ay /ax? (b) risi tolia wertilis koordinatebi, Tu moZraoba
grZeldeba kidev erT t1 drois SualedSi?
112 sateliti dedamiwis zedapiridan 640 km

simaRleze wriul orbitaze moZraobs 98.0-
risi toli unda iyos burTis sawyisi siC-
wuTiani periodiT. risi tolia satelitis
qaris a) sidide da b) kuTxe (horizontis
(a) siCqare da (b) centriskenuli aCqareba?
mimarT)?
113 xy sibrtyeze moZravi wertilis
109 niu-hemfSiris Statis policia TviT-
bareoba mocemulia formuliT:
mfrinavs trasaze moZraobis siCqaris kon-
[(/4 rad/wm)t] , sadac
trolisTvis iyenebs. davuSvaT, erT-erTi
wamebSi. a) gamoTvale wertilis mdebareo-
TviTmfrinavis siCqare uqaro amindSi 135
bis x da y komponentebi, rodesac t = 0,
mili/sT-ia.
Crdilo-
1, 2, 3 da 4 wm. aage xy sibrtyeze wertilis
yovelTvis
traeqtoria 0 t 4 wm SualedSi. (b) ga-
eTisken
ise
es
TviTmfrinavi
mifrinavs,
rom
mde-
= 2t + 2sin
metrebSia, xolo t _
127
moTvale wertilis siCqaris komponentebi,
10
rodesac t =1, 2 da 3 wm. (a) nawilSi wertilis traeqtoriis grafikze gaavle siCqaris
veqtorebi da aCvene, rom siCqare wertilis
traeqtoriis mxebia da wertilis moZraobis mimarTuleba aqvs. (g) gamoTvale wertilis aCqarebis komponentebi, rodesac t=
1, 2 da 3 wm.
114 golfis moTamaSe burTs 43 m/wm sawyisi
10
15
20
25
30
siCqariT da horizontisadmi 30o kuTxiT
gaisroles. 4.59 suraTze naCvenebia tyviis
urtyams borcvidan. burTi horizontalu-
mdebareobebis
rad 180 m manZilze mdebare sanaosno arxSi
mdebareobebis gansazRvra xdeba 0,5-wamian
vardeba. davuSvaT, arxs swori zedapiri
intervalSi, xolo tyviis gasrolis droa
aqvs. (a) arxidan ra simaRlidan daartyes
t=0. (a) risi tolia tyviis sawyisi siCqare
burTi? (b) risi tolia burTis siswrafe
erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi? (b) risi
arxSi Cavardnis dros?
tolia planetaze Tavisufali vardnis aCqa-
115 kosmonavti 5 m radiusis centrifugaSi
stroboskopuli
grafiki.
reba? (g) srolidan ra drois Semdeg daece-
brunavs. a) risi tolia kosmonavtis siC-
ma tyvia miwaze? (d) Tu analogiuri gasro-
qare, Tu centriskenuli aCqarebaa 7 g? b)
la dedamiwis zedapiridan ganxorcielda,
wuTSi ramdeni brunis gakeTebaa saWiro am
ra drois Semdeg Camovardeba tyvia?
aCqarebis misaRwevad? g) risi tolia brun-
120 sawyis momentSi (t = 0) deltaplani mi-
vis periodi?
widan 7,5 m simaRleze imyofeba, moZraobs
116 (a) risi tolia dedamiwis ekvatorze

sxeulis centriskenuli aCqareba, romelic
dedamiwis brunviTaa gamowveuli? (b) rogori unda iyos dedamiwis brunvis periodi ekvatorze myofi sxeulisTvis, raTa
mas mieniWos 9,8 m/wm2 centriskenuli aCqareba?
117 uWero lifti zeviT moZraobs 10 m/wm

Tanabari siCqariT. liftSi myofi biWi iatakidan 2m simaRlidan burTs zeviT isvris,
rodesac lifti miwidan 28m simaRleze
8 m/wm siCqariT, horizontidan 30 kuTxiT.

deltaplanis aCqarebaa 1 m/wm2 da mimarTulia vertikalurad zeviT. (a) dawere y-is
zrdis formula, rogorc t drois funqcia. (b) formulis gamoyenebiT gansazRvre
t, rodesac y = 0 (miwis zedapiri). (g) axseni,

ratom aqvs (b) kiTxvas ori pasuxi. romelia maTgan is dro, rac deltaplans miwaze
dasajdomad dasWirdeba? (d) ra horizontalur manZils gaivlis deltaplani t = 0sa da miwaze dajdomis moments Soris? e)
imyofeba. liftis mimarT burTis siCqarea
imave sawyisi mdebareobisa da siCqarisT-
20 m/wm. (a) miwidan ra maqsimalur simaRles
vis, ra Tanabari moZraoba gamoiwvevs del-
miaRwevs burTi? (b) ra dro dasWirdeba
taplanis miwaze dajdomas nulovani siCqa-
burTs liftis iatakze dasavardnad?
riT? pasuxi gaeci erTeulovan veqtorul
118 adamiani 15 m sigrZis gaCerebul es-
CanawerSi.
kalatorze 90 wamSi adis, moZrav eskala-
xolo _ vertikalurad.
torze ki uZravad mdgomi imave manZils 60
121 deteqtiur moTxrobaSi sxeuli Seno-
wamSi faravs. ra dro dasWirdeba adamians
bidan 4,6 m manZilze da Ria fanjridan 24
moZrav eskalatorze fexiT asasvlelad?
m-is qvemoT ipoves. (a) davuSvaT, msxverpli
damokidebulia Tu ara pasuxi eskalato-
fanjridan horizontalurad gadmovarda.
ris sigrZeze?
risi toli iyo sxeulis sawyisi siCqare?
119 moqmedeba xdeba mzis sistemis Soreul
(b) SemTxveviTia Tu ara sikvdili? axseni
planetaze. tyvia miwidan 2m simaRlidan
Seni pasuxi.
mimarTulia horizontalurad,
128
Tavi 4
122 beisbolis moTamaSes surs burTi 124
blad? (g) imave grafikze, aRniSne matare-
futiT daSorebul pirvel bazas miawvdi-
blisa da manqanis mdebareobebis cvlileba
nos. misi saukeTeso srolis siCqarea 85
drois mixedviT.
mili/sT. (a) Tu moTamaSe burTs miwidan
124
3 futis simaRlidan horizontalurad is-
sipediT
vris, pirveli bazidan ra manZilze daecema
moZraob 30 Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT.
burTi miwaze? (b) igive sawyisi simaRlidan
1. gazarde siCqare 0,4 m/wm2 aCqarebiT 6
ra kuTxiT unda isrolos moTamaSem bur-
wm-is ganmavlobaSi.
Ti, raTa sxva moTamaSem is miwidan 3 fut
sawyisi
tbaSi
wertilidan
micurav.
wylis
velo-
Tavdapirvelad,
2. am siCqariT imoZrave 8 wamis ganmavloba-
simaRleze daiWiros? (g) rogori iqneba
Si.
frenis dro am SemTxvevaSi?
3. Semdeg 0,4 m/wm2-iT Seneldi 6 wamis gan-
123 amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi yovelwliurad avtomobilisa da matareblis Sejaxebis 4000 SemTxveva xdeba. umetesoba
maSin xdeba, rodesac avtomobilis mZRoli
SeniSnavs momaval matarebels da cdilobs,
liandagze matareblis mosvlamde gadaiaros (sakmaod suleluri gadawyvetilebaa).
ganvixiloTY Semdegi situacia: am 4000-dan
erT-erTi mZRoli trasis perpendikularulad
momaval
matarebels
SeniSnavs
da
mavlobaSi.
amis Semdeg miemarTebi dasavleTisken. Semdeg ki:
4. gazarde siCqare 0,4 m/wm2 aCqarebiT 5

wm-is ganmavlobaSi.
5. am siCqariT imoZrave 10 wamis ganmavlobaSi.
6. Semdeg 0,4 m/wm2-iT Seneldi gaCerebamde.
fiqrobs, rom matareblis siCqare misi man-
sidide-kuTxur CanawerSi, risi tolia sa-
qanis siCqaris tolia da 30 m/wm-s udris.
Sualo siCqare
matarebelic da manqanac gadakveTis adgils
raobis ganmavlobaSi?
uaxlovdebian (sur. 4.60). manqanis mZRoli
125 garkveul momentSi Citebis sabanaos
gadawyvets, rom, Tu manqanas 1,5
mimarT peplis mdebareobis veqtoria
m/wm2-iT
wertilidan mTeli moZ-
aaCqarebs, maSin pirveli gadakveTs lian-
(2m) + (3m) + (1m) . 40 wamis Semdeg pep-
dags.
elas mdebareobis veqtoria
gadawyvetilebis
miRebis
momentSi
manqanisa da matareblis daSoreba gadakve-
= (3m) + (1m)
+ (2m) . gamoTvale (Tu es SesaZlebelia)
Tis adgilamde 40m-ia. manqanis sigrZea 5m,
(a)
xolo matareblis sigane _ 3m. (a) moxdeba
CanawerSi, (b) gadaadgilebis sidide, (g)
Tu ara Sejaxeba? (b) Tu ara, ra droiT
saSualo
gaaswrebs manqana matarebels? Tu ki, ra
CanawerSi, (d) 40 wamis ganmavlobaSi peplis
droa saWiro Sejaxebis Tavidan asacile-
frenis saSualo manZili.
gadaadgileba
siCqare
erTeulovan-veqtorul
erTeulovan-veqtorul
126 t = 0 momentSi kldidan burTi isroles.

burTis sawyisi siCqarea 15 m/wm, xolo kuTxe
horizonts qvemoT 20. rodesac t = 2,3 wm,
risi tolia burTis (a) horizontaluri da
matarebeli
(b) vertikaluri gadaadgileba?
127 beisbolis burTs miwidan daartyes.

burTma maqsimalur simaRles dartymidan
3 wamis Semdeg miaRwia. 2,5 wamis Semdeg

burTi dartymis adgilidan 97,5 m manZilze
manqana
aRmarTul kedels gadaafrinda. davuSvaT,

miwis zedapiri brtyelia. (a) miwidan ra
maqsimalur simaRles miaRwia burTma? (b)
129
ra simaRlisaa barieri? (g) barieridan ra
manZilze daecema burTi miwas?
128 vivaraudoT, rom kosmosuri sakvlevi

raketa 20 g aCqarebas uZlebs. (a) rogori
iqneba Semobrunebis minimaluri radiusi
aseTi raketisTvis, Tu is sinaTlis siCqaris erTi meaTediT moZraobs? (b) aseTi
siCqariT moZraobisas ra dro dasWirdeba
raketas 90-iT SemobrunebisTvis?
129 manqana 12 m/wm Tanabari siCqariT wri-
ulad moZraobs. garkveul momentSi manqanis aCqarebaa 3 m/wm2 aRmosavleTisken. rogori iqneba am momentSi manqanis daSoreba
Caagdos? horizontaluri manZilebia d1=1
futi da d2=14 futi, xolo simaRleebia
da mimarTuleba wrewiris centridan, Tu
h1= 7 futi da h2 = 10 futi.
manqana moZraobs (a) saaTis isris moZrao-
133 vertmfreni brtyeli zedapiridan 9,5m-
bis mimarTulebiT da (b) saaTis isris moZ-
is simaRleze wrfivad mifrinavs 6,2 m/wm
raobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT?
siCqariT. iqidan agdeben pakets vertmfre-
130 golfis moTamaSe burTebs 20m daSorebis vertikalur kedels esvris da cdilobs kedelze daxatul 30sm diametris
nis mimarT 12 m/wm sawyisi siCqariT da misi

moZraobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. (a)
moZebne paketis sawyisi siCqare dedamiwis
wiTel rgolSi moaxvedros. samiznis cen-
mimarT. (b) rogori iqneba horizontaluri
tri miwidan daaxloebiT 1.2m simaRlezea.
manZili vertmfrensa da pakets Soris, rode-
15 m/wm
sac paketi miwaze daecema? (g) rogori kuTxe
sawyisi siCqariT, horizontis mimarT 35
iqneba paketis siCqaris veqtorsa da dedami-
kuTxiT da kedels rgolis centrze gama-
was Soris, rodesac paketi miwaze daecema?
val vertikalur xazze xvdeba. (a) ra dro
134 kinofilmebSi msaxiobebi haerSi var-
dasWirdeba burTs kedelTan misaRwevad?
debian afeTqebis, motocikliT Sejaxebis,
(b) moxvdeba Tu ara burTi wiTel rgols
tornados da bevri sxva ramis gamo. sinamd-
(gansazRvre rgolis centramde manZili)?
vileSi, msaxiobebs haerSi agdebs sahaero
(g) risi tolia burTis siCqare kedelze
tramplini, romelic Sedgeba liTonis daf-
moxvedrisas? (d) gaiara Tu ara burTma
isa da SekumSuli haeris pnevaturi cilin-
traeqtoriis umaRlesi wertili kedelze
drebisgan. rodesac msaxiobi dafas Seexeba,
moxvedramde?
eleqtroCamrTveli irTveba, haeri awveba
erTi
cdisas,
burTi
moZraobs
131 Wurvis areali ara mxolod v0-sa da 0-zea

damokidebuli, aramed Tavisufali vardnis
aCqarebis g sididezec, romelic
mxars, romelic dafas zeviT aagdebs. gebSi moZebne msaxiobis saSualo aCqareba
adgilm-
Semdeg situaciebSi: a) aCqareba grZeldeba
debareobasTan erTad icvleba. 1936wels
0,25 wamis ganmavlobaSi, msaxiobi isroles
berlinis olimpiur TamaSebze, sadac g =
9,8128 m/wm2, jesi ouensma sigrZeze xtomis

msoflio rekordi daamyara 8,09m v0-is da
-is imave sidideebis pirobebSi, ramdenad

gansxvavebuli iqneboda ouensis rekordi
1956 wels, melburnSi, sadac g=9,7999 m/wm2?

132 ra sawyisi siCqariT unda tyorcnos
4.61 suraTze kalaTburTelma burTi horizontisadmi 0=55o kuTxiT, raTa kalaTSi
patara rkalze horizontidan 30 kuTxiT, xolo misi arealia 4 m.
b) aCqareba
grZeldeba 0,29 wamis ganmavlobaSi, msaxiobi isroles did rkalze horizontidan
45 kuTxiT, xolod misi arealia 12 m.

135 bostonis stadionze beisbolis burTi
`saxlidan~ 0,762 m simaRlidan isroles.
burTis sawyisi siCqarea 33,53 m/wm da is
horizonts zemoT 55 kuTxiTaa mimarTuli.
130
Tavi 4
dartymidan 5 wamis Semdeg burTi unda ga-
SaSxanidan. tyviam manqanis gverdebSi gai-
dascdes 11,28m simaRlis Soreul kedels.
ara da, rogorc manqanidan moCans, Sesvlis
(a) gamoTvale manZili `saxlsa~ da kedels
da gasvlis xvrelebi zustad erTmaneTis
Soris. (b) vertikaluri manZili, romliTac
mopirdapirea. liandagis mimarT ra mimar-
burTi kedels gadaaxteba. `saxlis~ mimarT
TulebiT isroles tyvia? davuSvaT, manqa-
burTis (g) horizontaluri da (d) verti-
naSi Sevardnis Semdeg tyviam mimarTuleba
kaluri gadaadgilebebi kedelze gadaxto-
ar Seicvala da misi siCqare Semcirda 20%-
mamde 0,5 wamiT adre.
iT. davuSvaT, 1 = 85 km/sT da 2 = 650 m/wm.
136 xis satvirTo vagoni swor liandagze
(ratom ar aris saWiro satvirTo vagonis
moZraobs 1 siCqariT. am dros snaiperi mas
siganis codna?)
tyvias esvris (2 siCqariT) didi simZlavris
Zala da moZraoba
aviamzididan afrenisas mZlavri ZravebiT aRWurvil reaqtiul
TviTmfrinavs aviamzidis gembanze damontaJebuli sasroli meqanizmi
win ubiZgebs. amis Sedegad miRebuli didi aGqarebis gamo TviTmfrinavi
afrenisTvis saWiro siGqares mokle droSi aRwevs. samagierod, gembanidan
afrenis dros aseTi aGqareba pilots ubiZgebs, TviTmfrinavis cxviri
mkveTrad qveviT daxaros. pilotebs am impulsis ugulebelyofas aswavlian,
magram zogjer TviTmfrinavi mainc pirdapir okeaneSi vardeba.
romeli fizikuri movlenebi iwvevs am saSiSi impulsis gaCenas?

5.1. ra aris fizika?

rogorc ukve vnaxeT, fizikis erTi nawili moZraobasa da am dros sxeulis aCqarebas (siCqaris
cvlilebas) Seiswavlis. fizika Seiswavlis agreTve sxeulis aCqarebis gamomwvev mizezsac. es
mizezi aris Zala, romelic, uxeSad rom vTqvaT, sxeuls ubiZgebs. vambobT, rom Zala sxeulze
moqmedebs da amiT siCqares ucvlis. magaliTad, sportuli avtomobilis aCqarebisas mis ukana
saburavze amaCqarebeli Zala moqmedebs. rodesac sportuli TamaSisas erTi gundis Tavdamsxmeli
meore gundis mcvels miwaze anarcxebs, am dros Tavdamsxmeli mcvelze moqmedebs ZaliT, romelic
mcvels ukan mimarTul aCqarebas aniWebs. rodesac avtomanqana satelefono boZs ejaxeba, Zala,
romliTac boZi manqanaze moqmedebs, mis gaCerebas iwvevs. samecniero, sainJinro, iuridiuli
da samedicino Jurnalebi savsea statiebiT sxeulebze, maT Soris adamianebze moqmedi Zalebis
Sesaxeb.
5.2. niutonis meqanika

Zalasa da mis mier gamowveul aCqarebas Soris kavSiri pirvelad isaak niutonma (1642-1727)
aRmoaCina. fizikis im nawils, romelic am kavSirs Seiswavlis, niutonis meqanika ewodeba. Cven
yuradRebas moZraobis sam ZiriTad kanonze gamavaxvilebT.
niutonis meqanika yovelTvis ar gamodgeba. Tu urTierTmoqmedi sxeulebis siCqare Zalian
maRalia, maSin niutonis meqanikas ainStainis fardobiTobis Teoria enacvleba, romelic
nebismieri siCqarisTvis gamosadegia. Tu urTierTmoqmedi sxeulebi atomuri struqturisaa
(magaliTad, eleqtronebi atomSi), maSin niutonis meqanikas kvanturi meqanika cvlis. Tanamedrove
fizikosebi niutonis meqanikas am ori yovlismomcveli Teoriis kerZo SemTxvevad ganixilaven.
131
132
Tavi 5
Zala da moZraoba
Tumca, es sakmaod mniSvnelovani SemTxvevaa, vinaidan is bevr rames miesadageba, Zalian

mcire (TiTqmis atomuri struqturis) sxeulebiT dawyebuli da
astronomiuli sxeulebiT
(galaqtikebiTa da galaqtikaTa jgufebiT) damTavrebuli.
5.3. niutonis pirveli kanoni

vidre niutoni meqanikis kanonebs Camoayalibebda, miiCnevdnen, rom sxeuls Tanabari siCqariT
moZraobis SenarCunebisTvis garkveuli zemoqmedeba, `Zala~ sWirdeba. aseve fiqrobdnen, rom
uZravi sxeuli Tavis `bunebriv mdgomareobaSi~ imyofeboda. egonaT, rom sxeulis Tanabari
siCqariT moZraobisTvis saWiroa mudmivi biZgi, sxva SemTxvevaSi ki is moZraobas `bunebrivad~
Sewyvets.
es mosazrebebi sakmaod racionaluri iyo. Tu hokeis Saibas xis zedapirze gaacureb, is
Seneldeba da Semdeg gaCerdeba. Tu gsurs Saibam Tanabari siCqariT imoZraos, amisTvis mas
periodulad unda ubiZgo.
hokeis Saiba ufro Sors wava, Tu mas sacigurao moednis yinulis zedapirze gavacurebT.
SegiZlia warmoidgino ufro grZeli da xaxunisgan Tavisufali zedapiri, romelzec Saiba Znelad
Seneldeba da Zalian Sors gasrialdeba.
am dakvirvebebis Semdeg SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom sxeuli Tanabari siCqariT imoZravebs, Tu
masze Zala ar moqmedebs. am daskvnas mivyavarT niutonis pirvel kanonamde:
niutonis pirveli kanoni: Tu sxeulze Zala ar moqmedebs, maSin misi siCqare ar
Seicvleba, e.i. sxeuli ver aCqardeba.
sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, roca sxeuli uZravia, is uZravad rCeba, xolo roca moZraobs,
moZraobas imave siCqariT ganagrZobs (imave sididiT da imave mimarTulebiT).
5.4. Zala
axla Zalis erTeuli unda ganvsazRvroT. ukve viciT, rom
Zalas sxeulis aCqarebis gamowveva SeuZlia. maSasadame, Zalis
erTeuls ganvsazRvravT aCqarebiT, romelsac Zala 1 kg masis
sxeuls aniWebs (sur. 1.4.).
sxeuls horizontalur, xaxunisgan Tavisufal magidaze
movaTavsebT da marjvnidan ise vubiZgebT, rom 1 m/wm2 aCqareba
mivaniWoT. amis Semdeg vambobT, rom 1 kg masis sxeulze
sur. 5.1. F Zala 1 kg masis sxeuls a

aCqarebas aniWebs.
moqmedi Zala 1 niutoni (n) sididisaa.

SegviZlia amave sxeulze 2 n ZaliT vimoqmedoT, anu ise vubiZgoT, rom 2 m/wm2 aCqareba
mivaniWoT, da a.S. maSasadame, Tu standartuli sxeuli 1 kg masisaa da a sididis aCqareba aqvs,
maSin viciT, rom masze F Zala moqmedebs da am Zalis sidide (niutonebSi) aCqarebis sididis tolia
(m/wm2).
Zala mis mier miniWebuli aCqarebiT izomeba. Tumca, aCqareba veqtoruli sididea, e.i. sidide
da mimarTuleba aqvs. aris Tu ara Zala veqtoruli sidide? Zalas mimarTulebas iolad mivaniWebT
(ubralod aCqarebis mimarTulebas mivusadagebT), magram es sakmarisi ar aris. eqsperimentiT
unda dadgindes, rom Zala veqtoruli sididea. aseTi eqsperimenti ukve Catarda: Zala namdvilad
5.4. Zala
133
veqtoruli sididea, mas aqvs sidide da mimarTuleba da maTi Sekreba xdeba me-3 TavSi moyvanili
veqtoruli Sekrebis wesebiT.
rodesac sxeulze ori an meti Zala moqmedebs, veqtoruli SekrebiT jamuri Zalis anu Zalebis
tolqmedis povna SegviZlia. jamuri Zalis sididisa da mimarTulebis mqone erTi Zala sxeulze
imave zemoqmedebas axdens, rasac cal-calke moqmedi es Zalebi erTad. am movlenas Zalebis
zeddebis principi ewodeba. samyaro sakmaod ucnauri iqneboda, Tu Sen da Seni megobari 1 kg
masis sxeuls erTi mimarTulebiT ubiZgebdiT, TiToeuli 1 n ZaliT, da jamuri Zala rogorRac
14 n gaxdeboda.
am wignSi Zala veqtoruli simboloTia ( F ) warmodgenili, xolo tolqmedi _
simboloTi.
iseve, rogorc sxva veqtorebs, Zalisa da tolqmedis veqtorebsac aqvs komponentebi

koordinatTa RerZebis gaswvriv. rodesac Zalebi mxolod erTi RerZis gaswvriv moqmedebs, isini
erTkomponentiani Zalebia. am SemTxvevaSi Zalis simbolos isari SegviZlia movxsnaT da RerZebis
gaswvriv Zalis mimarTulebis saCveneblad `+~ da `~ niSnebi gamoviyenoT.
5.3 qveTavSi mocemuli formulirebis nacvlad, niutonis pirveli kanoni tolqmedi Zalis
gamoyenebiT ase SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:
niutonis pirveli kanoni: Tu sxeulze tolqmedi Zala ar moqmedebs (
= 0), maSin misi
siCqare ar Seicvleba, e.i. sxeuli ver aCqardeba.

sxeulze ramdenime Zala SeiZleba moqmedebdes, magram Tu tolqmedi Zala nulis tolia,
sxeuls aCqareba ar eqneba.
aTvlis inerciuli sistemebi

niutonis pirveli kanoni aTvlis yvela sistemas ar miesadageba, magram yovelTvis SegviZlia
iseTi aTvlis sistemebis moZebna, romelSic es kanoni samarTliani iqneba (iseve, rogorc
niutonis meqanikis danarCeni nawili). aseT sistemebs aTvlis inerciuli sistemebi an, ubralod,
inerciuli sistemebi ewodeba.
aTvlis inerciuli sistemaSi niutonis yvela kanoni samarTliania.
magaliTad, dedamiwa aTvlis inerciuli sistemaa, Tu
dedamiwis brunvas ugulebelvyofT.
es daSveba maSin gamodgeba, rodesac hokeis Saibas yinulis
mokle zolze vasrialebT. am SemTxvevaSi Saiba niutonis
kanonebs emorCileba. magram, davuSvaT, rom Saiba CrdiloeT
polusidan did manZilze gavacureT (sur. 5.2a). Tu Saibis
moZraobas kosmosSi mdebare uZravi sistemidan davakvirdebiT,
maSin Saiba samxreTisken wrfivad moZraobs, vinaidan CrdiloeT
polusis garSemo dedamiwis brunva Saibis qveS yinuls ubralod
asrialebs. Tu Saibas miwidan davakvirdebiT, maSin misi
traeqtoria wrfivi ar iqneba. imis gamo, rom dedamiwis siCqare,
romelic aRmosavleTiskenaa mimarTuli, miT metia, rac ufro
samxreTiTaa Saiba, miwaze uZravad myof damkvirvebels eCveneba,
sur. 5.2. a) kosmosis uZravi wer
rom Siaba dasavleTisken moZraobs (sur. 5.2b). Saibis gadaxra tilidan
danaxuli,
CrdiloeT
polusidan mosriale Saibis moZra
niutonis kanoniT ki ar aris gamowveuli, aramed imiT, rom obis traeqtoria. dedamiwa brunavs
Saibas moZravi aTvlis sistemidan vakvirdebiT. am SemTxvevaSi aRmosavleTisken. b) dedamiwidan
danaxuli Saibis moZraobis tra
dedamiwa aTvlis arainerciuli sistemaa.
eqtoria.
134
Tavi 5
Zala da moZraoba
am wignSi vuSvebT, rom dedamiwa aTvlis inerciuli sistemaa da Zalebs da aCqarebebs swored
am sistemis mimarT vzomavT. Tu gazomvebi Catarda, magaliTad, dedamiwis mimarT aCqarebuli
liftis kabinaSi, maSin gazomvebi Catarebula aTvlis arainerciul sistemaSi da Sedegebic
sakmaod ucnauri iqneba. amis magaliTs amocanis amoxsnis 5.8 nimuSSi vnaxavT.
sakontrolo wertili 1. eqvsidan romel suraTzea
naCvenebi, ise, rom miviRoT mesame veqtori, romelic
(a)
(b)
(g)
F1 da F2 veqtorebis Sekreba sworad

tolqmedi iqneba?
(d)
(e)
(v)
5.5. masa
yoveldRiuri yofa gviCvenebs, rom mocemuli Zala sxvadasxva sxeuls sxvadasxva sididis
aCqarebas aniWebs. beisbolisa da keglis burTebi iatakze daawyve da orives erTi ZaliT daartyi.
Sedegi winaswar ici: beisbolis burTi keglis burTze did aCqarebas SeiZens SeiZens. aCqarebebs
Soris gansxvaveba masebs Soris gansxvavebiTaa gamowveuli. ra aris masa?
SegviZlia ramdenime eqsperimentiT vaCvenoT, Tu rogor unda gavzomoT masa aTvlis inerciul
sistemaSi. pirvel eqsperimentSi Zala m0=1 kg masis sxeuls movdoT. davuSvaT, sxeuli 1 m/wm2-iT
aCqarda. am SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom sxeulze 1 n Zala moqmedebs.
Semdeg igive Zala ucnobi masis meore X sxeuls movdoT. davuSvaT, es X sxeuli 0,25 m/wm2-iT
aCqarda. ukve viciT, rom naklebi masis mqone beisbolis burTi ufro did aCqarebas iZens, vidre
meti masis mqone keglis burTi, rodesac maTze erTi da igive Zala moqmedebs. aqedan gamomdinare,
mivdivarT Semdeg daskvnamde: ori sxeulis masebis Sefardeba maTi aCqarebebis Sebrunebuli
Sefardebis tolia, rodesac am sxeulebze erTi da igive Zalaa modebuli. X sxeulisa da 1 kg masis
sxeulisTvis gveqneba:
mx-is amoxsna mogvcems:
mx a0
m0 = ax .
a
1.0 m/w2
mx = m0 a0 = (1 kg)
= 4 kg.
0.25 m/w2
x
Cveni daskvna mxolod im SemTxvevaSia swori, Tu is Zalis sididis Secvlis SemTxvevaSic samarTliania. magaliTad, 1 kg masis sxeuls 8 n Zala movdeT da miviReT 8 m/wm2 aCqareba. igive Zala X
sxeuls movdeT da miviReT 2 m/wm2 aCqareba. Cveni daskvnis Tanaxmad:
a
8.0 m/w2
mx = m0 a0 = (1 kg)
= 4 kg.
2.0 m/w2
x
es pasuxi pirveli eqsperimentis Sedegs ar ewinaaRmdegeba. rodesac bevri eqsperimenti erTsa

da imave Sedegs gvaZlevs, es imas niSnavs, rom Cveni daskvna saimedo da samarTliania nebismieri
sxeulis masis dasadgenad.
Cveni eqsperimentebi gviCvenebs, rom masa sxeulis Sinagani maxasiaTebelia anu isaa, rac
sxeuls bunebrivad aqvs. igive eqsperimentebi aCvenebs, rom masa skalaruli sididea. Tumca kvlav
upasuxod rCeba kiTxva: `ra aris masa?~
vinaidan sityva `masa~ yoveldRiur saubarSi xSirad gamoiyeneba, albaT is ukve intuiciurad
gvesmis. ra aris masa _ sxeulis zoma, wona Tu simkvrive? arc erTi, Tumca sxeulis es
maxasiaTebelebi masaSi xSirad erevaT. mxolod imis Tqma SegviZlia, rom sxeulis masa aris
maxasiaTebeli, romelic sxeulze moqmed Zalas am moqmedebis Sedegad miRebul aCqarebasTan
akavSirebs. masas sxva gansazRvreba ara aqvs. masis fizikurad SegrZneba mxolod sxeulis
aCqarebisas SeiZleba, magaliTad, rodesac beisbolis an keglis burTs urtyam.
5.6. niutonis meore kanoni
135

aqamde ganxiluli yvela gansazRvreba, eqsperimenti da dakvirveba SeiZleba Sejamdes erTi
winadadebiT:
niutonis meore kanoni: sxeulze moqmedi Zalebis tolqmedi sxeulis masisa da misi
aCqarebis namravlis tolia.
formulis saxiT gveqneba:

Fnet = ma (niutonis meore kanoni)
(5.1)
formula martivia, magram is frTxilad unda gamoviyenoT. pirvel rigSi unda ganisazRvros
sxeuli, romlisTvisac viyenebT am formulas. Semdeg unda davrwmundeT, rom
jamur veqtorSi
mxolod am da ara romelime sxva sxeulze moqmedi Zalebi Sedis. magaliTad, ragbiSi burTisTvis
brZolisas Senze moqmedi Zalebis tolqmedi Seni sxeulis mier miRebuli biZgebi da dartymebia
da ara _ sxva moTamaSeze Sens mier miyenebuli dartymebi.
sxva veqtoruli formulebis msgavsad, 5.1 formulac sami komponenturi formulis
eqvivalenturia. xyz koordinatTa sistemis TiToeuli RerZisTvis gveqneba:
Ft,x= max, Ft,y= may da Ft,z = maz
(5.2)
TiToeuli formula tolqmedi Zalis komponentebs Sesabamisi RerZebis gaswvriv mimarTul

aCqarebasTan akavSirebs. magaliTad, pirveli formula gvauwyebs, rom yvela Zalis komponentebis
jami x RerZis gaswvriv sxeulis aCqarebis x komponents ax iwvevs, xolo y da z mimarTulebebiT
aCqareba ara gvaqvs. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, ax aCqarebis komponenti sxeulze moqmedi Zalebis x
komponentebis jamiTaa gamowveuli. zogadad:L
mocemuli RerZis gaswvriv aCqarebis komponenti Zalebis aseTive komponentebis
jamiTaa gamowveuli da ara _ sxva komponentebiT.
5.1 formulis Tanaxmad, Tu sxeulze moqmedi Zalebis tolqmedi nulis tolia, maSin sxeulis
aCqareba
a =0. roca sxeuli uZrav mdgomareobaSia, uZravadve rCeba; roca moZraobs, moZraobas
Tanabari siCqariT ganagrZobs. aseT SemTxvevaSi sxeulze moqmedi Zalebi erTmaneTs awonasworebs
da am mdgomareobas wonasworuli ewodeba. aseve amboben, rom Zalebi erTmaneTs abaTilebs, magram
termini `gabaTileba~ ar aris zusti, vinaidan es ar niSnavs, rom Zalebi aRar arsebobs. yvela Zala
sxeulze kvlav moqmedebs.
cxrili
5.1
erTeulebi niutonis meore kanonSi (formulebi 5.1 da 5.2)

sistema
Zala
masa
aCqareba
SI
niutoni (n)
kilogrami (kg)
m/wm2
CGSa
dini
grami (g)
sm/wm2
britanulib
girvanqa (lb)
slagi
futi/wm2
1 dini = 1 gsm/wm2
1 girvanqa = 1 slagifuti/wm2
136
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
SI erTeulebSi, 5.1 formulis Tanaxmad:

1 n = (1 kg)(1 m/wm2) = 1 kgm/wm2
(5.3)
Zalis zogierTi erTeuli sxva erTeulTa sistemebSi mocemulia 5.1 cxrilsa da D danarTSi.
niutonis meore kanonis daxmarebiT amocanebis amosaxsnelad xSirad Tavisufali sxeulis
grafiks vxazavT. am grafikze mxolod is sxeulia gamosaxuli, romelze moqmed Zalebsac
vkribavT. zogjer maswavleblebi Tavad sxeulis daxatvas arCeven, magram adgilis ekonomiis
mizniT am TavebSi sxeuls wertilis saxiT gamovsaxavT. sxeulze moqmedi TiToeuli Zala
veqtoriT gamoisaxeba, romlis saTave am sxeulzea. viyenebT, agreTve, koordinatTa sistemas,
xolo sxeulis aCqareba zogjer veqtoris isriTaa naCvenebi.
sistema erTi an meti sxeulisgan Sedgeba da nebismier Zalas, romelic am sxeulebze sistemis
garedan moqmedebs, gare Zala ewodeba. Tu sistemis Semadgeneli sxeulebi erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa
dakavSirebuli, maSin sistema SegviZlia ganvixiloT, rogorc erTi mTliani sxeuli da masze
moqmedi
tolqmedi yvela gare Zalis jamis toli iqneba (Sida Zalebs anu sistemis sxeulebs
Soris moqmed Zalebs ugulebelvyofT). magaliTad, erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli lokomotivi da

vagoni erT sistemas qmnis. roca lokomotivs buqsiriT ewevian, buqsirze modebuli Zala mTel
sistemaze moqmedebs. iseve, rogorc erTi sxeulisTvis, SegviZlia sistemaze moqmedi tolqmedi
sistemis aCqarebas davukavSiroT. es xdeba niutonis meore kanonis Tanaxmad _
gare Zalac
Fnet = ma , sadac m mTliani sistemis masaa.

sakontrolo wertili 2. suraTze naCvenebia xaxunisgan Tavisufal zedapirze
mdebare
sxeulze
horizontaluri
moqmedi
Zalac
ori
horizontaluri
moqmedebs,
risi
tolia
Zala.
Tu sxeulze
F3 -is
F3
mesame
sidide da mimarTuleba, rodesac sxeuli a) uZravia da

b) marcxniv moZraobs 5 m/wm Tanabari siCqariT?
5.1

5.3a-5.3g suraTebze xaxunisgan Tavisufal
yinulze x RerZis gaswvriv erT ganzomilebaSi
moZrav Saibaze erTi an ori Zala moqmedebs.
Saibis masaa m=0,2 kg.
F1 da F2 Zalebi RerZis
gaswvrivaa mimarTuli
da maTi sidideebia
aCqareba Saibaze moqmed

SegviZlia
Zalebis tolqmeds
davukavSiroT.
Tumca,
vinaidan
moZraoba mxolod x RerZis gaswvriv xdeba,

SegviZlia yoveli mdgomareoba gavamartivoT
da
niutonis
meore
kanoni
mxolod
komponentebisTvis davweroT:
Ft,x=max
(d)
(e)
(v)
gaswvriv moZrav Saibaze moqmedeben. d)-v) Tavisufali

sxeulis grafikebi.
5.3d
suraTisTvis,
sadac
mxolod
erTi
horizontaluri Zala moqmedebs, formula 5.4

mogvcems:
F1=max
CvenTvis
cnobili
monacemebis
CasmiT
miviRebT:
(5.4)
5.3d-5.3v suraTebze mocemulia Tavisufali

sxeulis grafiki sam mdgomareobaSi. Saiba
aRniSnulia wertiliT.
(g)
sur. 5.3. a)-g) am sam mdgomareobaSi Zalebi x RerZis
amoxsna: TiToeul mdgomareobaSi, niutonis
meore kanonis F(net = ma ) saSualebiT
(b)
Saiba
F1=4n da F2=2n. F3 Zala =30 kuTxiTaa

mimarTuli da misi sididea F3=1 n. risi tolia
Saibis aCqareba TiToeul mdgomareobaSi?
(a)
ax =
F1
4n
=
= 20 m/w2
m 0.2 kg
(pasuxi)
dadebiTi pasuxi imas niSnavs, rom aCqarebas x

RerZis dadebiTi mimarTuleba aqvs.
137
F3,xF2
F cosF 2
= 3,x
m
m
(1 n)(cos 30) - 2 n
=
= 5,7 m/w2 (pasuxi)
0.2 kg
5.3e suraTze Saibaze ori horizontaluri
Zala moqmedebs. F1 modebulia x-is dadebiTi
mimarTulebiT, xolo F2 _ uaryofiTi
ax =
mimarTulebiT. am SemTxvevaSi formula 5.4

mogvcems:
uaryofiTi mimarTulebis aCqarebas aniWebs.
F 1 F 2 =ma x
CvenTvis
cnobili
maSasadame, tolqmedi Zala Saibas x RerZis
monacemebis
CasmiT
miviRebT
sakontrolo
wertili
suraTze
F 1 F 2
4n2n
=
= 10 m/w2 (pasuxi)
m
0.2 kg
maSasadame, tolqmedi Zala Saibas x RerZis
gamosaxulia
dadebiTi mimarTulebiT aCqarebs.
5.3v suraTze, F3 Saibis aCqarebis gaswvriv
aniWebs. daalage mdgomareobebi a) blokze
ar
aCqarebis klebadobis mixedviT.
ax =
aris
mimarTuli.
F3,x
mxolod
aCqarebis
gaswvriv
komponentia mimarTuli ( F3
zevidan
3.
danaxuli
oTxi
mdgomareoba, sadac ori Zala xaxunisgan

Tavisufal
zedapirze
sxeuls
aCqarebas
moqmedi tolqmedi Zalis sididisa da b) blokis
Zala organzomilebiania, Tumca moZraoba

mxolod erT ganzomilebaSi xdeba). maSasadame,
formula 5.4 daiwereba Semdegi saxiT:
F3,xF2=max
suraTidan vxedavT, rom F 3,x =F 3 cos. aCqarebis amoxsna da F3,x-is Casma mogvcems:
5.2
5.4a suraTze 2 kg namcxvris qila xaxunis

gan Tavisufal horizontalur zedapirze
3 m/wm2-iT Cqardeba a veqtoris mimarTulebiT.

aCqareba gamowveulia sami horizontaluri
Zalis moqmedebiT, romelTagan mxolod oria
F1 -is sididea10 n, xolo F2 -isa

20 n. risi tolia mesame F3 Zala erTeulovannaCvenebi:
veqtorul da sidide-kuTxur CanawerSi?

amoxsna: qilaze moqmedi
tolqmedi
sami Zalis jamis tolia da a aCqarebasTan
meore kanoniTaa dakavSirebuli

niutonis
F(net = ma ). maSasadame,

F1 + F2 + F3 = ma ,
rac mogvcems:

F3 = ma - F1 - F2
sur. 5.4. a) samidan ori Zala, romlebic namcxvris
qilaze moqmedeben da mas a aCqarebas aniWeben. F3 ar
Cans. b) ma , - F1 da - F2 veqtorebis dalageba F3 -is

mosaZebnad.
(5.5)
am amocanaSi yvelaferi or ganzomilebaSi
Seikribos, rogorc es 5.4b suraTzea naCvenebi.
xdeba, maSasadame, 5.5 formulis marjvena
Sekreba SeiZleba veqtoruli kalkulatoris
mxares
saSualebiT moxdes, vinaidan samive veqtoris
veqtoruli
sidideebis
ricxviTi mniSvnelobebis CasmiT
nacvlad
F3 -s ver
vipovniT. amitom ma , F1 ( F1 -is Sebrunebuli)
da F2 ( F2 -is Sebrunebuli) veqtorulad unda
sidide da kuTxe viciT. asea Tu ise, am

SemTxvevaSi 5.5 formulis marjvena mxares
komponentebis saSualebiT gamovTvliT, jer x
138
Tavi 5
Zala da moZraoba
RerZis gaswvriv, Semdeg ki y RerZis gaswvriv.
x RerZis gaswvriv gvaqvs:

F3,x=maxF1,xF2,x
maSasadame, erTeulovan-veqtorul Cana

werSi gveqneba:
=m(acos50)F1cos(150)F2cos90.

cnobili monacemebis CasmiT vipoviT:
F3,x=(2 kg)(3 m/wm2)cos50(10 n)cos(150)

(20 n)cos90 =
=12,5 n.
aseTive meTodiT vpoulobT y komponen
tsac:
F 3,y=mayF 1,yF 2,y

=m(asin50)F 1sin(150)F2sin90=
=(2kg)(3 m/wm2)sin50(10n)sin(150)
(20 n)sin90 =
=10,4 n.
(pasuxi)
F3 -is sididisa da kuTxis gasagebad

SegviZlia veqtoruli kalkulatori gamo
viyenoT. sididisa da kuTxis (x RerZis dadebiTi
mimarTulebisadmi) dadgena 3.6 formulis
saSualebiTac SeiZleba:
da
(pasuxi)
5.3
bagiris qaCvis SejibrSi aleqsi, beti da

Carlzi avtomobilis saburavs 5.5a suraTze
aleqsi
Car
naCvenebi kuTxeebiT eqaCebian. saburavi, sami
li
Zalis moqmedebis miuxedavad,

uZravia. aleqsi
saburavs 220 n sididis
FA ZaliT
eqaCeba,
FC ZaliT.
ferso
xolo
Carlzi _ 170 n sididis
FC -s mimarTuleba
naCvenebi ar aris. risi
F
tolia betis B Zalis sidide?
amoxsna:
vinaidan
sami
aCqarebas ar aniWebs, amitom
Zala
beti
saburavs
a =0 (anu Zalebi
(b)
(a)
erTmaneTs awonasworebs). SegviZlia niutonis
meore kanonis daxmarebiTF(net = ma ) es aCqareba

saburavze moqmedi Zalebis
tolqmeds
sur. 5.5 a) sami adamiani eqaCeba saburavs.

b) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki saburavisTvis.
davukavSiroT. niutonis meore kanoni ase

daiwereba:

an

5.5b
suraTze
naCvenebia
(5.6)
Tavisufali
saSualebiT. vinaidan
FB mimarTulia y RerZis
gaswriv, virCevT am RerZs da vwerT:
sxeulis grafiki, romelzec koordinatTa
F By =FAy F Cy
sistemis aTvlis saTave saburavs davamTxvieT,
komponentebis kuTxeebis gansazRvriT da

FA -sTvis 133 (=18047) kuTxis gamoyenebiT
xolo Fc -s kuTxe f asoTi aRvniSneT.
viciT
gvinda FB -s sididis gageba.
FA -s sidide da kuTxe, agreTve Fc -s mxolod
sidide. maSasadame, 5.6 formulis orive mxares

ucnobebi gvaqvs da veqtorul kalkulatorze
mas ver amovxsniT. amis nacvlad, formula 5.6
unda gadavweroT x an y RerZis komponentebis
miviRebT:
F Bsin(90)=FAsin133FCsinf
monacemebis Casma mogvcems:
F B=(220 n )(sin133)(170 n )sinf

magram kuTxe jer kidev ar viciT.
(5.7)
139
5.7 zogierTi konkretuli Zala

kuTxis povnas SevZlebT, Tu 5.6 formulas
x RerZisTvis gadavwerT, rogorc:
F Bx = FAx F Cx
0 = (220 n)(cos133) (170 n) cos

xolo
Semdeg gveqneba:
FBcos(90)=FAcos133FCcos
rac mogvcems:
am pasuxis 5.7 formulaSi Casma mogvcems:
FB = 241 n
(pasuxi)
taqtika 1: ganzomilebebi da veqtorebi

bevri studenti ver acnobierebs imas, rom
moqmedeba erT ganzomilebaSi ar xdeba, da es
Secdoma wignze muSaobis procesSi Tan sdevs.
Zalebis tolqmedis misaRebad am Zalebis
sidideebis ubralod mimateba an gamokleba
ar SeiZleba, Tu isini erTi da imave RerZis
gaswvriv araa mimarTuli. sxva SemTxvevaSi
unda
gamoiyenoT
veqtoruli
veqtoruli
kalkulatoriT
an
Sekreba,
RerZebis
gaswvriv komponentebis povniT, rogorc es

amocanis amoxsnis 5.2 nimuSSia gakeTebuli.
taqtika
2:
ZalebTan dakavSirebuli
amocanebis wakiTxva
amocanis piroba ramdenjerme waikiTxe, raTa
kargad
gaiazro
mocemuli
mdgomareoba,
monacemebi da isic, Tu ras moiTxovs Sengan

amocana. Tu ukve ici, ras Seexeba amocana,
magram ver xvdebi, ra unda gaakeTo, maSin
amocana gverdze gadade da saswavlo teqsti
gadaikiTxe. Tu niutonis meore kanoni kargad
ver gaige, es Tavi kidev waikiTxe. Seiswavle
amocanis amoxsnis nimuSebi da daimaxsovre,
rom fizikis amocanebis amoxsnas varjiSi
sWirdeba (iseve, rogorc manqanis SekeTebas
an kompiuteruli sqemebis daproeqtebas). Sen
xom amocanis amoxsnis unari dabadebidan ar

mogyolia.
taqtika 3: ori tipis naxazi

amoxsnisas SeiZleba ori naxazi dagWirdes.
pirveli
rodesac
Zalebs
mdgomareobis
xazav,
uxeSi
eskizia.
TiToeuli
Zalis
veqtoris saTave sxeulis zedapirs an centrs

daamTxvie. meore naxazi Tavisufali sxeulis
grafikia, sadac sxeuli wertilis an martivi
figuris saxiTaa warmodgenili. TiToeuli
Zalis veqtoris saTave am wertils an figuras
daamTxvie.
taqtika 4: romelia Seni sistema?

Tu niutonis meore kanons iyeneb, unda icode,
romel sxeuls an sistemas miusadageb. amocanis
amoxsnis 5.1 nimuSSi es sxeuli hokeis Saibaa (da
ara yinuli), amocanis amoxsnis 5.2 nimuSSi _
namcxvris qila, amocanis amoxsnis 5.3 nimuSSi
ki _ saburavi (da ara adamianebi).
taqtika 5: RerZebi gonivrulad airCie

amocanis amoxsnis 5.3 nimuSSi uamravi Sroma
davzogeT, roca koordinatTa RerZebi ise
ganvalageT, rom y RerZi erT-erT
Zalis
mimarTulebas daemTxva (y RerZi
FB Zalas).

mizidulobis Zala
anu gravitacia
sxeulze moqmedi
Fg mizidulobis Zala anu gravitacia is Zalaa, romelic meore sxeuliskenaa
mimarTuli. wina TavebSi ar gagvirkvevia am Zalis buneba da ganvixilavdiT iseT situaciebs, sadac
meore sxeuli dedamiwa iyo. Tumca, rodesac vlaparakobT sxeulze moqmed
Fg mizidulobis
Zalaze, vgulisxmobT Zalas, romelic sxeuls dedamiwis centris mimarTulebiT ubiZgebs anu
mimarTulia qveviT. momavalSi davuSvebT, rom dedamiwa aTvlis inerciuli sistemaa.
roca m masis sxeuli Tavisufali vardnis g aCqarebiT Tavisuflad ecema, haeris zemoqmedebas
ugulebelvyofT da sxeulze moqmed erTaderT Zalad
Fg mizidulobis Zalas miviCnevT.
140
Tavi 5
Zala da moZraoba
qveviT mimarTuli mizidulobis Zala da aCqareba SegviZlia erTmaneTs niutonis meore kanonis
( F = ma ) saSualebiT davukavSiroT. vertikalur y RerZs sxeulis moZraobis traeqtoriis

gaswvriv gavavlebT da zeda mimarTulebas dadebiTad miviCnevT. am RerZisTvis niutonis meore
kanoni Semdeg saxes miiRebs: Ft ,y=may . Cvens SemTxvevaSi gveqneba:
Fg=m(g)
Fg=mg
an
(5.8)
anu mizidulobis Zala mg namravlis tolia.

imave sididis mqone mizidulobis Zala sxeulze maSinac moqmedebs, rodesac is Tavisuflad
ki ar vardeba, aramed, magaliTad, magidaze devs an magidaze moZraobs (mizidulobis Zalis
gasaqrobad dedamiwa unda gauCinardes).
veqtorul formaSi niutonis meore kanoni mizidulobis ZalisTvis ase SeiZleba Caiweros:

sadac
(5.9)
j aris zeda mimarTulebis mimaniSnebeli erTeulovani veqtori y RerZisTvis, xolo g _
Tavisufali vardnis aCqareba (veqtoruli saxiT), romelic qveviTaa mimarTuli.
wona
sxeulis wona W im tolqmedi Zalis sididea, romelic
sxeulis Tavisufali vardnis SesaCerebladaa saWiro.
magaliTad, miwaze dgomis dros burTis xeliT dasaWerad
unda warmoqmna zeviT mimarTuli Zala, romelic sxeulze
moqmed mizidulobis Zalas gaawonasworebs. davuSvaT,
mizidulobis Zalaa 2 n, maSin zeviT mimarTuli Zala
2 n unda iyos, da burTis W wonac 2 niutoni iqneba. am

SemTxvevaSi vambobT, rom burTi 2 niutons iwonis.
3 n wonis burTis gaCerebas ufro didi Zala 3 n
dasWirdeba. amis mizezi ufro didi (3 n) mizidulobis
Zalaa. am SemTxvevaSi vambobT, rom meore burTi pirvelze
mZimea.
axla ki modiT situacia ganvazogadoT. ganvixiloT
sxeuli, romlis
a aCqareba dedamiwis mimarT nulis tolia.
dedamiwas miviCnevT aTvlis inerciul sistemad. sxeulze

moqmedebs ori Zala: qveviT mimarTuli
Fg mizidulobis
sur. 5.6. tolmxariani saswori. rodesac

saswori
gawonasworebulia,
asawon
sxeulze moqmedi
mizidulobis
gL
Zala (marcxena TefSze) da miTiTebul
sxeulebze (marjvena TefSze) moqmedi
mTliani
mizidulobis Zala tolia.
gR
amgvarad, asawoni sxeulis mL masa da
miTiTebuli sxeulebis mTliani mR masa
tolia.
Zala da misi gamawonasworebeli W sididis Zala. vertikaluri y RerZisTvis, romlis zeda

mimarTuleba dadebiTadaa miCneuli, niutonis meore kanoni Semdegi saxiT SeiZleba daiweros:
F t ,y =ma y
Cvens magaliTSi es iqneba:

anu
W=F g
WF g =m0
(wona, rodesac dedamiwa aTvlis inerciuli sistemaa)
(5.10)
(5.11)
es toloba gvauwyebs, rom:

sxeulis W wona sxeulze moqmedi Fg mizidulobis Zalis sididis tolia.
5.8 formulaSi Fg-s nacvlad W-is CasmiT miviRebT:
W=mg (wona)
es formula sxeulis wonas masasTan akavSirebs.
(5.12)
141
sxeulis awonva misi wonis gazomvas niSnavs. sxeuls

vdebT Tanabarmxriani sasworis erT-erT TefSze (sur.
5.6), xolo cnobili masis mqone sawonebs meoreze vawyobT,
sanam wonasworoba ar damyardeba (sanam orive mxares
moqmedi mizidulobis Zala erTmaneTis toli ar gaxdeba).
am SemTxvevaSi sasworis TefSebis masebi tolia da vigebT
sxeulis masas. Tu wonasworobis adgilze g-s mniSvneloba
viciT, sxeulis wonas 5.12 formulis saSualebiT vipoviT.
sxeulis awonva SesaZlebelia zambariani sasworiTac
(sur. 5.7). sxeuli zambaras gaWimavs da masis an wonis
5.7. zambariani skala (dagra
erTeulebiT dagraduirebuli skalis gaswvriv maCvenebels
duirebuli zambara). misi Cveneba TefSze

mdebare sxeulis wonis proporciulia.
Tu
miTiTebulia
wonis
erTeuli,
skala wonas uCvenebs. Tu, piriqiT,
miTiTebulia masis erTeuli, maSin skala
sxeulis wonas uCvenebs im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu g-s mniSvneloba skalis gamoyenebis
adgilmdebareobaSi igivea, rac skalis
dayofis adgilmdebareobaSi.
gadaadgilebs (aSS-Si sasworebis umetesoba am principiT
sur.
muSaobs da dagraduirebulia Zalis girvanqebSi). roca

saswors masis erTeulebi aqvs, Cveneba mxolod maSin iqneba
swori, Tu g-s mniSvneloba sasworis damzadebis adgilsa
da awonvis adgilze erTnairia.
sxeulis
awonva
maSin
xdeba,
rodesac
sxeuli
vertikalurad dedamiwis mimarT ar Cqardeba. magaliTad,

awonva SesaZlebelia saabazanoSi an swraf matarebelSi. magram, Tu aCqarebul eskalatorze
awonvas gadawyvet, maSin Cveneba Seni namdvilis wonisgan gansxvavebuli iqneba. aseT gazomvas
moCvenebiTi ewodeba.
yuradRebiT: sxeulis wona masa ar aris. wona Zalis sididea da masasTan 2.15 formuliTaa
dakavSirebuli. Tu sxeuls gadaitan wertilSi, sadac g gansxvavebulia, maSin misi masa (Sinagani
maxasiaTebeli) ucvleli darCeba, wona ki Seicvleba. magaliTad, 7,2 kg masis keglis burTis wona
dedamiwaze 71 niutonia, mTvareze ki _ mxolod 12 n. masa dedamiwazec da mTvarezec erTnairia,
magram mTvareze Tavisufali vardnis aCqarebaa 1,7 m/wm2.
drekadobis Zala
leibze dgomisas dedamiwa qveviT geqaCeba, Sen ki mainc
uZrav mdgomareobaSi xar. amis mizezi leibia, romelic Sens
fexebs qvemoT deformirdeba da maRla gibiZgebs. aseve, roca
iatakze dgaxar, is deformideba (SeikumSeba an CaiRuneba) da
zeviT gibiZgebs. erTi SexedviT myari betonis iatakic ki aseve
iqceva (Tu is dedamiwaze myarad ar aris damagrebuli, bevri
adamianis dgomisas is SeiZleba Catydes kidec).
leibidan an iatakidan Senze moqmed Zalas
FN drekadobis
Zala ewodeba. iatakidan Senze moqmedi drekadobis Zala
sur. 5.8. a) magidaze dadebuli uZravi
iatakis perpendikularulia.
sxeuli
magidis perpendikularuli
FN drekadobis Zalis moqmedebas

ganicdis. b) Tavisufali sxeulis
grafiki am sxeulisTvis.
rodesac sxeuli zedapirs awveba, zedapiri

(erTi SexedviT
myaric ki) deformirdeba da sxeulze
FN drekadobis ZaliT
moqmedebs, romelic zedapiris perpendikularulia.

5.8a suraTze amis magaliTia naCvenebi. m masis sxeuli magidas awveba da mis deformacias
Fg
FN drekadobis ZaliT moqmedebs.

5.8b
F
suraTze naCvenebia Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki. sxeulze vertikalurad moqmedebs g da FN
mizidulobis Zalis gavleniT axdens. magida sxeulze
Zalebi. maSasadame, am SemTxvevaSi niutonis meore kanoni zeviT mimarTuli y RerZis pirobebSi
(Ft,y=may) Semdegi saxiT daiwereba:
F N F g= m a y
142
Tavi 5
Zala da moZraoba
5.8 formulidan Fg-s nacvlad CavsvaT mg, miviRebT:
F N mg=ma y
maSin drekadobis Zala iqneba:
F N =mg+ma y =m(g+a y )
(5.13)
magidis an sxeulis nebismieri vertikaluri ay aCqarebis SemTxvevaSi (magaliTad, moZrav
liftSi), Tu magida da sxeuli dedamiwis mimarT aCqarebas ar ganicdis, maSin ay=0 da formula
5.13 gvaZlevs:

sakontrolo wertili 4. 5.8 suraTze
FN=mg
(5.14)
FN drekadobis Zala mg-ze metia, naklebia Tu
tolia, rodesac sxeuli da magida liftiT zeviT moZraobs a) Tanabari siCqariT da b) zrdadi
siCqariT?
xaxuni
Tu
sxeuls
SevecdebiT,
zedapirze
sxeulsa
da
gavasrialebT
zedapirs
Soris
an
gasrialebas
winaaRmdegoba
gaCndeba (am winaaRmdegobas ufro dawvrilebiT Semdeg TavSi

ganvixilavT). es winaaRmdegoba erTi
f ZaliTaa warmodgenili
da mas xaxunis Zala an, ubralod, xaxuni ewodeba. es Zala sur. 5.9. f xaxunis Zala zedapirze
mimarTulia zedapiris gaswvriv moZraobis sawinaaRmdego sxeulis srials ewinaaRmdegeba.

mimarTulebiT (sur. 5.9). situaciis gasamartiveblad xaxuns
zogjer ugulebelyofen (da amboben, rom zedapiri xaxunisgan Tavisufalia).
daWimuloba
rodesac Toki (Zafi, kabeli
an sxva msgavsi sagani) mimagrebulia sxeulze da Zlierad iWimeba,
amiT sxeulze moqmedebs
ZaliT, romelic mimarTulia sxeulidan gareT da Tokis gaswvriv
(sur. 5.10a). am Zalas xSirad daWimulobis Zalas uwodeben, vinaidan Toki daWimulia. Tokis
daWimuloba sxeulze moqmedi T Zalis sididea. magaliTad, Tu Tokidan sxeulze moqmedi Zalaa
T=50 n, maSin Tokis daWimulobac 50 n yofila.

vuSvebT, rom Tokis masa nulovania (anu misi masa sxeulis masasTan SedarebiT umniSvneloa),
Tavad Toki ki araelastiuria. am SemTxvevaSi Toki ubralod or sxeuls akavSirebs. is orive
sxeulze erTi da imave T ZaliT moqmedebs, im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac sxeulebi da Toki
(a)
(b)
(g)
sur. 5.10. a) Toki daWimulia. Tu misi masa umniSvneloa, Toki sxeulsa da xelze T ZaliT moqmedebs, im SemTxvevaSic
ki, rodesac Toki uwono da xaxunisgan Tavisufal blokzea Semoxveuli, rogorc b) da g) SemTxvevebSi.
143
aCqarebiT moZraobs an Toki umniSvnelo masis, xaxunisgan Tavisufal blokzea (suraTebi 5.10b
da g) Semoxveuli. aseT bloks sxeulebTan SedarebiT umniSvnelo masa da xaxuni aqvs. Tu Toki
blokze naxevradaa Semoxveuli (rogorc 5.10g suraTze), maSin Tokidan blokze moqmedi Zalis
tolqmedia 2T.
sakontrolo wertili 5. 5.10g suraTze Tokze dakidebuli sxeulis wonaa 75 n. amaze
metia, naklebia Tu tolia T, rodesac sxeuli zeviT moZraobs a) Tanabari siCqariT, b) mzardi
siCqariT da g) klebadi siCqariT?
taqtika 6: drekadobis Zala
oRond misi mimarTuleba ucvleli unda
formula 5.14 sxeulze moqmedi drekadobis

ZalisTvis mxolod
rodesac
maSinaa
gamosadegi,
FN mimarTulia zeviT da sxeulis
vertikaluri
aCqareba
nulis
tolia.
FN -is
darCes.
magaliTad, 5.8a suraTze SesaZlebelia
FN ise gadavaadgiloT, rom misi saTave
sxeulsa
da magidas Soris sazRvars daemTxves.
FN -is
arasworad
gamosaxvis
albaToba
sxva
yvelaze naklebia, Tu mis saTaves sxeulis
mimarTulebebis da vertikaluri aCqarebis
kideze an Tavad sxeulSi (rogorc naCvenebia)
arsebobis dros ar viyenebT. mis nacvlad
movaTavsebT. kidev ufro ukeTesia Tavisufali
maSasadame,
niutonis
am
meore
formulas
kanonisgan
FN -is axali
formula unda gamoviyvanoT.
SegviZlia suraTze
FN gadavaadgiloT,
sxeulis
grafikis ageba (sur. 5.8b), rodesac
FN -is saTave sxeulis amsaxvel wertils an
gamosaxulebas emTxveva.
5.4
afrenis iluzia. adamianis mier vertikalis
damajerebelia, amitom pilots eCveneba, rom
SegrZneba vizualur niSnebsa da Sida yurSi
TviTmfrinavi gembanidan mkveTrad maRla
ganlagebul vestibularul sistemas efuZ
aweuli cxviriT frindeba. specialuri wvrTnis
neba. es sistema siTxeSi moTavsebuli pa
gareSe piloti Seecdeba TviTmfrinavis cxviri
tara bususebisgan Sedgeba. rodesac Tavi
daxaros da pirdapir okeaneSi aRmoCndeba.
sworad giWiravs, bususebis mimarTuleba Fg
davuSvaT, piloti Tanabar horizontalur
mizidulobis Zalas emTxveva da sistema tvins
aCqarebas ganicdis da afrenis 85 m/wm siCqares
atyobinebs, rom Tavi sworad giWiravs. rodesac

Tavs raime kuTxiT ukan gadaxri, bususebi
90 m manZilze aRwevs. risi tolia pilotisTvis

moCvenebiTi daxris kuTxe?
gadaixreba da sistema tvins gadaxris Taobaze
amoxsna: saWiroa im wrfis daxrilobis
acnobebs. es bususebi aseve gadaixreba, Tu
gageba, romelzec mdebareobs
hor
Zalis moqmedebiT horizontalurad aCqardebi.
veqtori.
aris pilotze moqmedi vertikaluri
Fg
am SemTxvevaSi tvinisTvis gagzavnili mcdari
mizidulobis Zalisa da zurgidan moqmedi
signali ambobs, rom Tavi ukanaa gadaxrili da
horizontaluri
veqtorTa jamis
j=
g+
hor
mimarTulebas
povna
hor
SesaZlebelia,
Zalebis jami. kuTxis

Tu
veqtorebs
5.11b
emTxveva (sur. 5.11a). miuxedavad amisa, am mcdar
suraTis mixedviT davalagebT da Semdeg
signals goneba ugulebelyofs, Tu Tvalebi
davwerT:
xedavs, rom Tavi gadaxrili ar aris, rogorc,
tg
magaliTad, manqaniT aCqarebis SemTxvevaSi.

aviamzidis gembanidan swrafad afrenili
piloti
vizualur
niSnebs
RamiT
ver
xedavs. gadaxris iluzia sakmaod Zlieri da
an
(5.15)
144
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
niutonis meore kanonis saSualebiT Sesa

Zlebelia Fhor modebuli Zalisa da pilotis ax
aCqarebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba: Fhor=max,
a
moCvenebiTi
gadaxra
sadac m pilotis masaa. vinaidan aCqareba
hor
Tanabaria, amitom ax-is sapovnelad SegviZlia
2.1 cxrilis formulebi gamoviyenoT. cnobilia

sawyisi
siCqare
(0=0),
saboloo
siCqare
(x=85m/wm) da gadaadgileba (xx 0 =90 m), Sesaba
hor
misad, viyenebT 2.16 formulas (2= 0 +2a(xx0))

da vwerT:
(85 m/wm)2=02+2ax(90 m)
a x=40,1 m/wm2.
anu
niutonis meore kanonis Tanaxmad, Fhor=m(40
sur. 5.11. a) marjvniv mimarTuli
Zala pilotze
hor
afrenis drosaa modebuli. pilots eCveneba, rom Tavi
wyvetili zolis gaswvriv gadaixara. b) veqtorebis
jami j(= g+ hor) vertikalisadmi kuTxiTaa dax
rili.
m/wm2). CavsvaT es Sedegi da Fg=m(9,8 m/wm2) 5.15

formulaSi, miviRebT:
(pasuxi)
gadaxris iluzia eqmneba anu eCveneba, rom

TviTmfrinavis
cxviri
76-iT
aiwia.
am
TviT
iluziam pilots SeiZleba afrenis Semdeg
mfrinavis aCqarebisas pilots 76-iT ukan
TviTmfrinavis cxviris 76-iT daxra aiZulos.
maSasadame,
aviamzidis
gembanze
5.8. niutonis mesame kanoni

amboben, ori sxeuli urTierTqmedebs, rodesac es sxeulebi erTmaneTs ubiZgebs an eqaCeba,
anu TiToeuli sxeuli meoreze ZaliT moqmedebs. magaliTad, roca B wigns C yuTs miayudeb (sur.
5.12a), wigni da yuTi urTierTqmedeben. yuTi wignze
wigni yuTze _
BC
horizontaluri ZaliT moqmedebs, xolo
horizontaluri ZaliT. Zalebis wyvili naCvenebia 5.12b suraTze.

CB
niutonis mesame kanoni: ori sxeuli urTierTqmedebs ZalebiT, romlebic sididiT

erTmaneTis tolia, xolo mimarTulebiT _ sawinaaRmdego.
wignisa da yuTiTvis es kanoni skalarulad ase SeiZleba
B wigni
Caiweros:
FBC=FCB
C yuTi
(Tanabari sidideebia)
xolo veqtorulad:
BC
CB
(Tanabari sidideebi d a sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebebi)
minus niSani gvamcnobs, rom am veqtorebs urTierTsawinaaRmdego mimarTuleba aqvT. or sxeulze moqmed Zalebs
mesame kanonis ZalTa wyvili SeiZleba vuwodoT. rodesac
ori sxeuli erTmaneTze moqmedebs, am dros aucileblad
sur. 5.12. a) B wigni miyudebulia
da
yuTze. b)
CB
BC
(yuTidan wignze)
(wignidan yuTze) Zalebs
arsebobs mesame kanonis ZalTa wyvili. wignica da yuTic 5.12a
Tanabari sidide da sawinaaRmdego
suraTze uZravia, magram mesame kanoni maTi moZraobisa da
mimarTuleba aqvs.
aCqarebis SemTxvevaSic imoqmedebda.

kidev erTi magaliTis saxiT mesame kanonis ZalTa wyvilebi 5.13a suraTze naCvenebi nesvisTvis
ganvixiloT, romelic miwaze dadgmul magidaze Zevs. nesvi magidaze da dedamiwaze moqmedebs
(amjerad mocemuli gvaqvs sami sxeuli, romelTa urTierTqmedeba unda SeviswavloT).
5.9. niutonis kanonebis gamoyeneba

Tavdapirvelad yuradReba gavamaxviloT nesvze moqmed
Zalebze (sur. 5.13b).
CT
nesvi C
aris magidis mxridan nesvze moqmedi
drekadobis Zala, xolo
CE
145
_ nesvze moqmedi dedamiwis
magida T
mizidulobis Zala. aris Tu ara es Zalebi mesame kanonis ZalTa

wyvili? ara, vinaidan isini or sxeulze ki ara, aramed erTze
nesvze moqmedebs.
mesame kanonis ZalTa wyvilis sapovnelad yuradReba unda
dedamiwa E
(a)
gamavaxviloT ara nesvze, aramed nesvsa da sxva sxeuls Soris

urTierTqmedebaze. nesvi-dedamiwis urTierTqmedebisas (sur.
5.13g) dedamiwa nesvze
mizidulobis ZaliT moqmedebs,
CE
xolo nesvi dedamiwaze _
magidis perpendikularuli Zala
EC
mizidulobis ZaliT. aris Tu ara
es Zalebi mesame kanoni ZalTa wyvili? aris, vinaidan isini or
gravitaciuli Zala
(b)
sxeuls Soris moqmedebs. maSasadame, niutonis mesame kanonis

Tanaxmad:
nesvi
CE
EC
(dedamiwa-nesvis urTierTqmedeba)
magida-nesvis urTierTqmedebaSi magida nesvze

kadobis ZaliT moqmedebs, xolo nesvi magidaze _
CT
dre
TC
dre
kadobis ZaliT (sur. 5.13d). es Zalebic mesame kanonis ZalTa

dedamiwa
wyvilia da, maSasadame:L

CT
TC
(nesvi-magidis urTierTqmedeba)
(g)
sakontrolo wertili 6. davuSvaT, 5.13 suraTze

naCvenebi nesvi da magida moTavsebulia liftis kabinaSi,
romelic zeda mimarTulebiT Cqardeba. a) gaizrdeba,
Semcirdeba Tu igive darCeba
TC
-s da
CT -s
sidideebi?
b) aris Tu ara es ori Zala kvlav Tanabari sididisa da

sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebis? g) gaizrdeba, Semcirdeba
Tu igive darCeba
CE -s
da
EC -s
sidideebi? d) aris Tu ara
es ori Zala kvlav Tanabari sididisa da sawinaaRmdego

mimarTulebis?
(d)
sur. 5.13. a) nesvi miwaze dadgmuli

magidaze devs. b) nesvze moqmedi
Zalebia CT da CE . g) mesame kanonis
ZalTa wyvili nesvisa da dedamiwis
urTierTqmedebisas. d) mesame ka
nonis ZalTa wyvili nesvisa da ma
gidis urTierTqmedebisas.

am Tavis danarCeni nawili amocanis nimuSebisgan Sedgeba. dawvrilebiT unda Seiswavlo isini
da daakvirde ara mxolod pasuxebs, aramed amocanis amoxsnis procedurebsac. gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania mdgomareobis gadatana Tavisufali sxeulis grafikze ise, rom niutonis
kanonebis gamoyeneba SeiZlebodes. amocanis amoxsnis pirveli nimuSi ukiduresad detalurad
aris gadmocemuli da kiTxva-pasuxis meTods iyenebs.
146
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
5.5
S sxeuli (mosriale sxeuli). is xaxunisgan
2. Toki H Camokidebul sxeuls igive T sididis

ZaliT zeviT eqaCeba. es Zala H sxeulis
Tavisufal horizontalur zedapirze mo
Tavisufal vardnas ewinaaRmdegeba.
Zraobs da meore H sxeulTan (Camokidebuli
3. dedamiwa S mosriale sxeuls qveviT eqaCeba
Fg S mizidulobis ZaliT, romlis sididea Mg.
5.14 suraTze naCvenebia M=3,3 kg masis
sxeuli) xaxunisgan Tavisufal m=2,1 kg masis

blokze Semoxveuli TokiTaa dakavSirebuli.
Tokisa da blokis masebi sxeulebis masebTan
SedarebiT umniSvneloa. H Camokidebuli sxe
uli S mosriale sxeulis marjvniv aCqarebis
dros qveviT Cadis. gamoTvale a) S sxeulis
aCqareba, b) H sxeulis aCqareba da g) Tokis
4. dedamiwa H Camokidebul sxeuls qveviT eqa
Ceba Fg H mizidulobis ZaliT, romlis sididea

mg.
5. magida S sxeulze FN drekadobis ZaliT

moqmedebs.
arsebobs
daWimuloba.
kidev
erTi
mniSvnelovani
faqtori. Cven davuSviT, rom Toki ar iWimeba
S mosriale
sxeuli
anu Tu drois garkveul monakveTSi H sxeuli
1 mm-iT qveviT Cadis, drois imave monakveTSi

S sxeuli 1 mm-iT marjvniv gadaadgileba. es
niSnavs, rom sxeulebi erTdroulad moZraobs
xaxunisgan
Tavisufali
zedapiri
da Tanabari a aCqareba aqvT.

H Camoki
debuli
sxeuli
SekiTxva: rogori klasifikacia mivaniWo

amocanas? unda mimaniSnos Tu ara man fizikis
romelime kanonze?
sur. 5.14. M masis S sxeuli blokze Semoxveuli TokiT
SekiTxva: raSi mdgomareobs amocanis arsi?

mocemuli gaqvs ori sxeuli mosriale da
Camokidebuli, magram maT garda ganvixilavT
romelic
orive
aCqarebebs. maSasadame, is unda migvaniSnebdes
m masis H sxeulTan aris dakavSirebuli.
dedamiwasac,
diax. es amocana Seexeba Zalebs, masebsa da
sxeulze
moqmedebs (dedamiwis gareSe saerTod araferi

moxdeboda). rogorc 5.15 suraTzea naCvenebi,
sxeulebze 5 Zala moqmedebs:
1. Toki S mosriale sxeuls T sididis ZaliT

marjvniv ubiZgebs.
niutonis meore kanonze,

Fnet
= ma .
SekiTxva: Tu am amocanaSi niutonis meore

kanons
gamoviyeneb,
romel
sxeuls
unda
mivusadago?
Cveni yuradReba mipyrobilia or sxeulze
mosriale
da
Camokidebul
sxeulebze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom arcerTi ar aris

wertili, mainc SegviZlia isini aseTebad
ganvixiloT,
vinaidan
erTnairad
moZraobs.
maTi
yvela
nawili
niutonis
meore
kanoni TiToeuli sxeulisTvis calke unda

gamoviyenoT.
sxeuli S
SekiTxva: blokze ras ityviT?

bloks wertilis saxiT ver warmovadgenT,
vinaidan misi sxvadasxva nawilebi sxvada
sxvanairad
sxeuli H
moZraobs.
brunvis
ganxilvis
dros blokze ufro detalurad visaubrebT.

amjerad blokis moqmedebas gamovricxavT
da vuSvebT, rom misi masa sxeulebis masebTan
SedarebiT umniSvneloa. blokis erTaderTi
sur. 5.15. 5.14 suraTis or sxeulze moqmedi Zalebi.
funqcia Tokis mimarTulebis Secvlaa.
147
SekiTxva: keTili. rogor gamoviyeno

Fnet
formula mosriale sxeulisaTvis?
= ma
M masis S sxeuli wertilis saxiT warmo

vadginoT
da
masze
moqmedi
yvela
Zala
davxatoT, rogorc es 5.16a suraTzea naCvenebi.

es
iqneba
Tavisufali
sxeulis
grafiki.
Semdeg gavavloT RerZebi. x RerZi aviRoT

magidis paralelurad, sxeulis moZraobis
mimarTulebiT.
y RerZis gaswvriv aCqareba gvaqvs, amitom

viyenebT 5.16 formulis y nawils (Ft,y=May) da
vwerT:
TF gH=ma y
FgH-is nacvlad SegviZlia CavsvaT mg, xolo
ay-is nacvlad a (a uaryofiTia, vinaidan H
Cqardeba y RerZis uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT).
miviRebT:
Tmg=ma
(5.18)
axla gaiTvaliswine, rom 5.17 da 5.18

SekiTxva: gmadlob, magram jer ar giTqvams,
= ma mosriale sxeu
formulebi orucnobian (T da a) gantolebaTa
lisTvis. mxolod is axseni, Tu rogor unda
gamovaklebT,amiT T-s gamovricxvaT. a-sTvis
rogor gamoviyenoFnet
avago Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki.
marTalia. gamosaxulebaFnet = ma veqto

rulia, amitom misi Cawera sami komponentis
sistemas Seadgens. Tu am formulebs erTmaneTs

amoxsna ki mogvcems:

(5.19)
saxiT SeiZleba:
Ft,x=Max, Ft,y=May, Ft,z=Maz , (5.16)
sadac Ft,x , Ft,y da Ft,z tolqmedi Zalis

komponentebia sami RerZis gaswvriv. axla
TiToeuli komponentis formula Sesabamisi
mimarTulebisTvis gamoviyenoT. vinaidan S
Camokidebuli
sxeuli H
mosriale
sxeuli S
sxeuli vertikalurad ar Cqardeba, amitom
Ft,y=May gardaiqmneba ase:

F NF gS=0 anu F N=F gS
maSasadame, y mimarTulebiT drekadobis
Zalis sidide mizidulobis Zalis sididis
sur. 5.16. a) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki, 5.14

suraTis S sxeulisTvis. b) Tavisufali sxeulis
grafiki 5.14 suraTis H sxeulisTvis.
tolia.
am gverdis perpendikularuli z mimarTu
lebiT Zala ar moqmedebs.
x mimarTulebiT gvaqvs Zalis mxolod erTi

komponenti T. amitom, Ft,x=Max gardaiqmneba
ase:
T=Ma
(5.17)
es formula Seicavs or ucnobs T-sa

da a-s. ase rom, misi amoxsna jerjerobiT
SeuZlebelia. miuxedavad amisa, gavixsenoT,
rom
Camokidebul
sxeulze
araferi
ar
gviTqvams.
esec marTalia. rogor gamoviyeno
SekiTxva:
Fnet = ma formula Camokidebuli sxeulisa
Tvis?
iseve, rogorc S sxeulisTvis. avagoT
Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki H sxeulisTvis,
es 5.16b suraTzea naCvenebi. Semdeg
rogorc
Fnet = ma davSaloT komponentebad. amjerad
5.17 formulaSi am Sedegis CasmiT miviRebT:

(5.20)
ricxvebis Casmis Semdeg gveqneba:

2,1 kg
= 3,3 kg + 2,1 kg (9,8 m/w2)
= 3,8 m/w2
(pasuxi)
da
(3,3kg)(2,1kg)
= 3,3 kg + 2,1 kg (9,8 m/w2)
= 13 n
(pasuxi)
SekiTxva: axla ki amocana amoixsna, sworia?

kargi SekiTxvaa. amocana amoxsnili ar aris,
vidre Sedegebis sisworeSi ar davrwmundebiT.
Tavdapirvelad
darwmundi,
rom
5.19
formulas
tolobis
orive
Sexede.
mxaris
erTeulebi erTnairia da a aCqareba g-ze

naklebia. es yovelTvis ase unda iyos, vinaidan
148
Tavi 5
Zala da moZraoba
Camokidebuli sxeuli Tavisuflad ar vardeba.
Camokidebul sxeulze moqmed mizidulobis
kidebuli sxeuli zeviT aCqardeboda.

pasuxebis Semowmeba aseve SeiZleba, Tu
gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebs ganvixilavT,
rodesac pasuxi winaswar viciT. martivi
magaliTia g=0-is Casma, TiTqos eqsperimenti
kosmosSi mimdinareobdes. am SemTxvevaSi
viciT, rom sxeulebi ar unda moZraobdes,
Tokis boloebze Zalebi ar unda iyos
modebuli da Tokis daWimulobac ar unda
arsebobdes. miiReba Tu ara aseTi Sedegi
Cveni formulebiT? diax, miiReba. Tu 5.19 da
5.20 formulebSi Casvam g=0, miiReb a=0 da
T=0. SegiZlia mosinjo sxva SemTxvevebic,
Zalaze.
magaliTad M=0 da m.
Toki mas zeviT eqaCeba.

axla 5.20 formulas Sexede, romelic
SeiZleba Semdegi saxiTac daiweros:

(5.21)
am gamosaxulebaSi kargad Cans, rom erTeu

lebis ganzomileba sworia, vinaidan T-sa da mg-s
Zalis erTeulebi aqvs. 5.21 formulaSi agreTve
Cans, rom Tokis daWimuloba yovelTvis mg-ze
naklebia da, maSasadame, yovelTvis naklebia
es
damakmayofilebeli
daskvnaa,
vinaidan, T rom mg-ze meti yofiliyo, Camo
5.6
5.17a suraTze M=15 kg masis B samSeneblo
amoxsna: modiT, blokidan daviwyoT, vinaidan
bloki mk masis K kvanZze TokiT kidia. Tavis
is mxolod erT Tokzea Camokidebuli. 5.17b
mxriv, es Toki ori sxva TokiT Werzea mibmuli.
suraTze,
Tokebis
gamosaxulia blokze moqmedi Zalebi:
masa umniSvneloa, iseve, rogorc
Tavisufali
sxeulis
grafikze
Fg
maTze moqmedi mizidulobis Zala blokze
(Mg sididis) mizidulobis Zala da Tokidan
moqmed ZalasTan SedarebiT. risi tolia
blokze moqmedi T3 Zala. niutonis meore
Tokebis daWimuloba?
kanonis saSualebiT F(net = ma ) SesaZlebelia

am Zalebis aCqarebasTan dakavSireba. vinaidan
orive Zala vertikaluria, amitom virCevT
kanonis vertikaluri komponentis variants
(Ft,y=may) da vwerT:
T 3 F g =Ma y .
Fg-s nacvlad Mg-s CasmiT da ay aCqarebis
nacvlad 0-is CasmiT miviRebT:
T 3 Mg=M0=0
es niSnavs, rom blokze moqmedi ori Zala
erTmaneTs awonasworebs. M-isa (15kg) da g-s
Casma mogvcems:

Semdeg
T3=147 n
ganvixiloT
(pasuxi)
5.17g-ze
naCvenebi
Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki K kvanZisTvis,

sadac kvanZze moqmedi mizidulobis Zala
ugulebelyofilia. SegviZlia kvanZze moqmedi
niutonis meore kanonis saSualebiT
sami Zala
F(net = ma )kvanZis aCqarebas davukavSiroT da

sur. 5.17. a) M masis bloki sami TokiT K kvanZzea
Camokidebuli. b) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki blo
kisTvis. g) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki kvanZisTvis.
davweroT:
T1 + T2 + T3 = mk a k .
ak aCqarebis nacvlad 0-is Casma mogvcems:

,
(5.22)
T
1 + T2 + T3 = 0

149

rac niSnavs, rom kvanZze moqmedi sami Zala
erTmaneTs awonasworebs. T3 -is sidide da
kuTxe cnobilia, T1 -isa da T2 -is ki mxolod

kuTxeebi viciT. ori ucnobis gamo veqtoruli
kalkulatoris saSualebiT 5.22 formulis
152 aris T1 -sa da x-is dadebiT mimarTulebis

Soris kuTxe).
5.22 formula y RerZisTvis Semdegi saxiT
gadaiwereba:
T 1y+T 2y+T 3y=0
amoxsna am ori veqtorisTvis SeuZlebelia.
x da y
komponentebis saSualebiT gadavweroT. x
amis nacvlad, 5.22 formula
an
T3-is adre miRebuli Sedegis Casma mogvcems:

RerZisTvis gveqneba:
T1sin28+T2sin47147 n = 0
(5.24)
formulebis 5.23 da 5.24 cal-calke amoxsna
T1x+T2x+T3x=0
SeuZlebelia, vinaidan maTSi ori ucnobia,
arsebuli monacemebis Casma mogvcems:
T1sin28+T2sin47T3=0
T 1 cos28+T 2 cos47+0=0
(5.23)
(gamosaxulebis pirveli wevrisTvis alterna

tivac gvaqvs. T1cos28-is nacvlad SegviZlia
misi eqvivalenturi T1cos152 davweroT, sadac
magram es orucnobiani gantolebaTa sistemaa

da misi amoxsna SeiZleba (CasmiT, formulebis
mimatebiT an gamoklebiT, formulebis amom
xsneli kalkulatoris saSualebiT). miviRebT:
T1=104 n da T2=134 n
(pasuxi)
5.7
5.8 suraTze Tokze damagrebuli 15 kg masis

bloki =27 kuTxiT daxril xaxunisgan Tavi
sufal zedapirze uZravadaa gaCerebuli.
T
Zala da zedapiridan blokze moqmedi FN
a) risi tolia Tokidan blokze moqmedi
drekadobis Zala?
amoxsna: es ori Zala da Tokze moqmedi
mizidulobis
Fg
Zala 5.18b suraTze naCveneb
Tavisufali sxeulis grafikzea mocemuli.

blokze mxolod es sami Zala moqmedebs. niu
tonis meore kanonis saSualebiT

F(net
= ma ) Zalebs
blokis aCqarebas vukavSirebT da vwerT:
T + F N + Fg = ma .
a aCqarebis nacvlad CavsvaT 0, miviRebT:

(5.25)
T + F N + Fg = 0

formula gvamcnobs, rom Zalebi erTmaneTs
awonasworeben.
5.25 formulaSi mocemuli gvaqvs ori ucnobi
veqtori, amitom veqtoruli kalkulatoris
saSualebiT misi amoxsna SeuZlebelia. maSa
sur. 5.18. a) m masis A bloki Tokze uZravadaa

mibmuli. b) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki blokisTvis.
g) Fg -is x da y komponentebi. y komponenti mimarTulia

zedapiris Suagulisken, xolo x komponenti zeda
piris gaswvriv, magram misi daxazva samkuTxedis
gverdis saxiTac SeiZleba (orive gza naCvenebia).
sadame, formula komponentebis saxiT unda

gadavweroT. viyenebT koordinatTa sistemas,
romlis x RerZi zedapiris paraleluria,
rogorc es 5.18b
suraTzea
naCvenebi. am
SemTxvevaSi
FN
da
Zalebi
RerZebs
emTxveva, amitom maTi koordinatebis povna
advilia. Fg Zalis komponentebis sapovnelad,
gaviTvaliswinoT,
rom zedapiris daxris
F
kuTxe g -sa da y RerZs Soris kuTxecaa
(sur. 5.18g). maSin Fgx komponenti aris Fgsin,
romelic tolia mgsin. Fgy komponentisTvis

gveqneba mgcos.
150
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
5.25 formula x komponentisaTvis Caiwereba
aCqarebasTan dakavSireba x komponentebisTvis
ase:
niutonis meore kanoniT SeiZleba (Ft,x=max).
T+0-mgsin=0,
miviRebT:
Fgx = ma
mg sin = ma,
T=mgsin
=(15kg)(9,8m/wm2)(sin27)
=67 n
anu
rac mogvcems:
(pasuxi)
y RerZisTvis 5.25 formula mogvcems:
(pasuxi)
b) Toki gadavWeriT. aCqardeba Tu ara bloki

daxril
zedapirze
(5.26)
a = (9,8 m/wm2) (sin27) = 4,4 m/wm2
FN=mgcos
=(15kg)(9,8m/wm2)(cos27)
=131 n 130 n
a = g sin
CvenTvis cnobili monacemebis Casma mogvcems:
0+F N mgcos=0
anu
Camocurebisas?
Tu
aCqardeba, risi tolia aCqareba?
amoxsna: Tokis gadaWriT blokze moqmedi T

Zala gaqreba. y RerZis gaswvriv drekadobis
Zala da Fgy komponenti kvlav erTmaneTs
awonasworebs. asea Tu ise, x RerZis gaswvriv

blokze mxolod Fgx komponenti moqmedebs.
vinaidan es komponenti mimarTulia zedapiris
gaswvriv (x RerZis mimarTulebiT), is zeda
pirze blokis aCqarebas gamoiwvevs. Fgx-is a
(pasuxi)
a aCqarebis sidide Tavisufali vardnis

aCqarebaze naklebia, vinaidan a aCqarebas
mxolod
Fg komponenti (zedapiris gaswvriv
mimarTuli) iwvevs.
sakontrolo wertili 7. suraTze
horizontaluri Zala daxril zedapirze

moTavsebul blokzea modebuli.
a) zedapirisadmi perpendikularuli
F -is
komponenti Fcos-is tolia Tu Fsin-isa?

b)
F -is arseboba zedapiridan blokze
moqmed dreka
dobis
Zalas
zrdis Tu amci
rebs?
5.8
5.19a suraTze m=72,2 kg masis mgzavri liftSi

sasworze dgas. ganvixilavT sasworis Cvenebas
liftis
uZraobisas
da
zeviT
an
qveviT
moZraobis dros.
a)
gamoTvale
sasworis
Cveneba
kabinis
nebismieri mimarTulebiT moZraobisas.

amoxsna:
mgzavri
sasworis
Cveneba sasworidan
mgzavrze moqmedi FN drekadobis Zalis
toli iqneba. mgzavrze moqmedi erTaderTi
sxva Zala mizidulobis
Fg Zalaa, rogorc es
(a)
(b)
5.19b suraTze mocemul Tavisufali sxeulis

grafikzea naCvenebi.
mgzavrze moqmedi Zalebi niutonis meore
kanonis saSualebiTF(net = ma ) mis a aCqarebas

SegviZlia davukavSiroT. magram gavixsenoT,
sur. 5.19. a) platformis saswori masze mdgomi

mgzavris wonas an moCvenebiT wonas aCvenebs.
b) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki mgzavrisTvis.
grafikze naCvenebia sasworidan mgzavrze moqmedi
drekadobis Zala FN da mizidulobis Zala Fg .
rom am kanonis gamoyeneba mxolod aTvlis

inerciuli sistemisTvis SeiZleba. Tu kabina
Cqardeba, maSasadame, is aRar aris aTvlis
inerciuli sistema. ase rom, aTvlis inerciul
sistemad virCevT dedamiwas da mgzavris
aCqarebasac mis mimarT vzomavT.
vinaidan mgzavrze moqmedi orive Zala da

aCqareba mimarTulia vertikalurad, y RerZis
gaswvriv, rogorc es 5.19b suraTzea naCvenebi,
amitom
SegviZlia
gamoviyenoT
niutonis
151
meore kanoni y komponentisTvis (Ft,y=may) da
Cveneba
davweroT:
moCvenebiT wonas zomavs, vinaidan gazomva
F N =F g +ma
(5.27)
formula gvauwyebs, rom sasworis Cveneba anu
FN vertikalur aCqarebazea damokidebuli.

Fg-s nacvlad mg-s Casma mogvcems:

FN=m(g+a)
wonaze
metia.
saswori
aTvlis arainerciul sistemaSi xdeba. qveda
F N F g =ma
anu
mgzavris
(pasuxi) (5.28)
nebismieri a aCqarebisTvis.
b) risi tolia sasworis Cveneba, Tu kabina
uZravia an 0,5 m/wm Tanabari siCqariT moZraobs
zeviT?
amoxsna: nebismieri Tanabari siCqarisTvis
(maT Soris, nulisTvisac) mgzavris a aCqareba
nulis tolia. 5.28 formulaSi am da sxva
mocemuli sidideebis CasmiT miviRebT:
FN=(72,2 kg)(9,8 m/wm2+0)=708 n (pasuxi)
mimarTulebiT aCqarebisas (zeviT mimarTuli

siCqaris Semcirebisas an qveviT mimarTuli
siCqaris zrdisas) sasworis Cveneba mgzavris
wonaze naklebia.
d) g) SemTxvevaSi zeda mimarTulebiT aCqa
rebisas risi tolia mgzavrze moqmedi tol
qmedi Zala Ft da risi tolia liftis kabinis
gazomili ap,kab aCqareba? aris Tu ara

sistemaSi
Fnet = map,kab?
amoxsna: mgzavrze moqmedi Fg mizidulobis

Zalis sidide mgzavris moZraobaze an kabinaze
ar aris damokidebuli. ase rom, b) nawilis
Tanaxmad, Fg=708 n. g) nawilis Tanaxmad, zeviT
mimarTuli
aCqarebisas
mgzavrze
moqmedi
drekadobis Zala FN sasworis Cvenebis (939n)
es aris mgzavris wona, romelic mgzavrze
tolia. maSasadame, mgzavrze moqmedi Zalebis
moqmedi Fg mizidulobis Zalis tolia.
tolqmedi zeviT mimarTuli aCqarebisas aris:
Ft= FNFg = 939 n 708 n = 231 n
g) risi tolia sasworis Cveneba, Tu kabina
(pasuxi)
3,2 m/wm aCqarebiT moZraobs zeviT da 3,2 m/wm -
magram mgzavris ap,kab aCqareba liftis aTvlis
iT aCqarebiT moZraobs qveviT?
sistemis mimarT nulis tolia. maSasadame,
amoxsna:
a=3,2 m/wm -isTvis formula 5.28

2
gvaZlevs:
FN=(72,2 kg)(9,8 m/wm2+3,2 m/wm2)=939 n (pasuxi)

a=3,2m/wm2-isTvis formula 5.28 gvaZlevs:
FN=(72,2 kg)(9,8 m/wm23,2 m/wm2)=477 n (pasuxi)
aCqarebuli liftis arainerciul sistemaSi
Ft ar aris map,kab-is toli da niutonis meore

kanonis gamoyeneba ar SeiZleba.
sakontrolo
wertili
8.
amocanis
amoxsnis am nimuSSi rogori iqneba sasworis
zeda mimarTulebiT aCqarebisas (rodesac
Cveneba, Tu liftis bagiri gawydeba da
kabinis zeviT mimarTuli siCqare izrdeba an
kabina Tavisuflad vardnas daiwyebs?
qveviT mimarTuli siCqare mcirdeba) sasworis

5.20a suraTze 20n sididis
mudmivi
horizontaluri Zala mA=4 kg masis A blokze

moqmedebs. A bloki mB=6 kg masis B bloks
awveba. blokebi x RerZis gaswvriv, xaxunisgan

Tavisufal zedapirze moZraoben.
zuli Secdomis Semcvel amoxsnas, Semdeg

amoxsnas.
da,
bolos,
(a)
A
(b)
FAB
B
FBA
(g)
Tanabari horizontaluri
Zala moqmedebs. A bloki B bloks awveba.
amoxsna: Tavdapirvelad ganvixilavT serio

amoxsnas
B
A
sur. 5.20. a) A blokze
a) risi tolia blokebis aCqareba?
uperspeqtivo
5.9
swor
b) A blokze
B blokidan ori horizontaluri Zala,
da F AB moqmedebs.
g) B blokze
A blokidan mxolod erTi horizontaluri
Zala, F BA moqmedebs.
152
Tavi 5
Zala da moZraoba
Zala pirdapir A
seriozuli Secdoma:
kidev erTxel x RerZisTvis vwerT:
F hor = (m A + m B)a
blokze moqmedebs, amitom niutonis meore
sworad SevusabameT mA+mB mTliani
kanonis saSualebiT am Zalas A blokis a
axla
aCqarebas vukavSirebT. moZraoba x RerZis
masis
gaswvriv xdeba, amitom viyenebT kanons x
monacemebis Casma mogvcems:
komponentebisTvis (F t,x=ma x) da vwerT:
a=
F hor=m Aa
magram es formula arasworia, vinaidan
A blokze moqmedi erTaderTi

Zala ar aris.
masze B blokidan F AB Zalac moqmedebs (sur.

5.20b).
uperspeqtivo amoxsna: axla
F AB Zalac CavTva
loT da kvlav x RerZisTvis davweroT:
F AB-s
mimarTulebis aRsa
niSnavad viyenebT). vinaidan FAB meore ucnobia,

amitom a-s gansazRvra SeuZlebelia.
swori amoxsna:
a-s amoxsna da cnobili
Fhor
20 n
=
= 2 m/w2 (pasuxi)
mA + mB
4 kg + 6 kg
maSasadame, sistemisa da TiToeuli blokis

aCqarebas x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTuleba aqvs
da misi sididea 2 m/wm2.
b) risi tolia A blokidan B blokze moqmedi
F BA horizontaluri Zala (sur. 5.20g)?
amoxsna: B blokze moqmedi Zalebis tolqmedis
Fhor FAB = mAa

(minus niSans
sistemas.
-is mimarTulebis gamo es
ori bloki mWidrod dakavSirebul sistemas

qmnis. sistemaze moqmedi tolqmedi Zalis
aCqarebasTan dakavSireba niutonis meore
kanonis saSualebiTaa SesaZlebeli. maSasadame,
aCqarebasTan dakavSireba niutonis meore

kanonis
saSualebiT
SegviZlia.
kanons
komponentebisTvis vwerT:
FBA=mBa,
arsebuli monacemebis Casma mogvcems:
FBA=(6 kg)(2 m/wm2)=12 n
(pasuxi)
maSasadame, F BA Zala x RerZis dadebiTi mimar

Tuleba aqvs da misi sididea 12 n.
niutonis meqanika. sxeulis siCqare SeiZleba
samarTliania,
Seicvalos
ewodeba.
(sxeuls
SeuZlia
aCqardes),
rodesac masze sxva sxeulebidan erTi an meti

Zala moqmedebs. niutonis meqanika aCqarebebsa
da Zalebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs.
Zala.
Zala
veqtoruli
misi
romelsac is 1 kg masis sxeuls mianiWebs. im

Zalis sidide, romelic aseT sxeuls 1 m/wm2
aCqarebas aniWebs, aris 1 n. Zalis mimarTuleba
mis mier miniWebuli aCqarebis mimarTulebas
Zalebze
moqmedeba
veqtoruli
algebris Tanaxmad xdeba. sxeulze moqmedi

Zalebis tolqmedi sxeulze moqmedi yvela
Zalis veqtoruli jamia.
niutonis
pirveli
kanoni.
Tu
sxeulze
an wrfivad, Tanabari siCqariT moZraobs.
sistemas,
inerciuli
romelSic
arainerciul
sistema
sistemebSi
niutonis kanonebi ar moqmedebs.

masa. sxeulis masa sxeulis Sinagani maxasia
gamomwvev ZalasTan akavSirebs. masa skalaruli
sididea.
niutonis meore kanoni. m masis sxeulze
moqmedi
tolqmedi
FnetZala
= ma aCqarebas Semdeg
nairad ukavSirdeba:
Fnet = ma

am formulis komponenturi versiebia:
Ft,x=max, Ft,y=may da Ft,z=maz
(5.1)
(5.2)
SI sistemis erTeulebSi, niutonis meore
tolqmedi Zala ar moqmedebs, sxeuli uZravia
aTvlis
aTvlis
inerciuli
Tebelia da sxeulis aCqarebas am aCqarebis
sididea.
ricxobrivi sidide ganisazRvreba aCqarebiT,
emTxveva.
aTvlis
kanonis Tanaxmad,
1 n = 1 kg 1 m/wm2
Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki aris gamar
sistemebi.
aTvlis
tivebuli gamosaxuleba, romelzec mxolod
niutonis
kanonebi
erTi sxeulia ganxiluli. es sxeuli wertilis

an marTkuTxedis saxiTaa warmodgenili. aseT
drekadobis
grafikze mocemulia sxeulze moqmedi gare
perpendikularulia.
Zalebi, xolo koordinatTa sistemis RerZebi

iseTi
mimarTulebiTaa
gavlebuli,
rom
Zala
zedapiris
f xaxunis Zala sxeulze maSin moqmedebs,
rodesac is zedapirze srialebs an srials
amocanis amoxsna gaamartivos.
cdilobs.
zogierTi konkretuli Zala. sxeulze moqme
paraleluria
di Fg mizidulobis Zala is Zalaa, romliTac
yovelTvis
153
es
Zala
da
yovelTvis
zedapiris
mimarTulia
sawinaaRmdegod.
moZraobis
xaxunisgan
Tavisufal
mas sxva sxeuli miizidavs. am wignSi ganxilul
zedapirze xaxunis Zala umniSvneloa.
umetes situaciebSi es sxva sxeuli aris
rodesac Toki daWimulia, misi TiToeuli
dedamiwa an raime sxva astronomiuli sxeuli.
bolo
dedamiwis
mimarTulia
SemTxvevaSi
mizidulobis
Zala
sxeuls
miizidavs.
Tokis
gaswvriv
es
mizidva
da
sxeulis
mimarTulia qveviT, miwisken, romelic aTvlis
Tokze mibmis wertilSi iwyeba. masis armqone
inerciul sistemad miiCneva. am daSvebiT,
Tokis (umniSvnelo masis Tokis) TiToeul
Fg -s
sididea:
Fg=mg
(5.8)
sadac m sxeulis masaa, xolo g _ Tavisufali

vardnis aCqareba.
sxeulis
wona
zeviT
mimarTuli
im
Zalis sididea, romelic sxeulze moqmed

mizidulobis Zalas awonasworebs. sxeulis
wonasa da masas Soris Semdegi kavSiria:
W=mg
awveba,
am
(5.12)
sxeulze
im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu Toki Semoxveulia

masis armqone, xaxunisgan Tavisufal blokze
(romelsac umniSvnelo masa aqvs da umniSvnelo
xaxuni axasiaTebs).
niutonis mesame kanoni. Tu C sxeulidan B
F BC Zala
sxeulze
moqmedebs, maSin
arsebobs
B-dan C sxeulze moqmedi
FN drekadobis ZaliT zedapiri, romelsac
sxeuli
boloSi am Zalas erTi da igive T sidide aqvs,
F CB
Zalac. es
Zalebi sididiT tolia, xolo mimarTulebiT
F BC = F CB
sawinaaRmdego:
moqmedebs.
SekiTxvebi
1. 5.21 suraTze naCvenebia oTxi mdgomareoba,
Rvre, 5.22 suraT
rodesac
ze naCveneb Tavi
Zalebi
xaxunisgan
Tavisufal
zedapirze mdebare blokze moqmedeben. Tu
sufali
Zalis sidideebi sworadaa arCeuli, maSin
grafikze
romel mdgomareobaSi iqneba SesaZlebeli
li veqtori war
a) blokis uZravad yofna da b) blokis moZraoba
moadgens
Tanabari siCqariT?
sxeulis
rome
sauke
Tesod a) F1 -s da
b)
F2 -s? risi
tolia
tolqmedi
Zalis komponenti
g) x RerZis gaswvriv da d) y RerZis gaswvriv?

romeli meoTxedisken mianiSnebs e) tolqmedi
Zalis veqtori da v) namcxvris aCqarebis
veqtori?
3.
2. ori horizontaluri Zala: F1 =(3n) i (4n) j
5.23 suraTze
F1 da F2 Zalebi
da F2 =(1n) i (2n) j , xaxunisgan Tavisufal
moqmedebs
magidaze moTavsebul namcxvarze moqmedebs.
xunisgan
kalkulatoris gamoyenebis gareSe gansaz
fal
ze,
yuT
romelic
xa
Tavisu
zedapirze
154
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
mudmivi siCqariT misrialebs.
F1 -is sidi
dis cvlilebis gareSe unda SevamciroT
saukeTesod 5.24 suraTze da me-5 SekiTxvaSi

mocemul mdgomareobebs?
kuTxe. yuTis Tanabari

siCqariT srialis
SesanarCuneblad,
F2 -is sidide unda gavzar
doT, SevamciroT Tu SevinarCunoT?
4. t=0 momentSi mudmivi sididis F Zala

kosmosSi x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT
moZrav qvaze moqmedebas iwyebs. qva am RerZis
gaswvriv moZraobas ganagrZobs. a) rodesac
t>0, romeli x(t) funqcia SeiZleba asaxavdes

qvis mdebareobas: 1) x=4t3, 2) x=4t 2 +6t3,
3) x=4t 2 +6t3 ? b) romeli funqciisTvisaa
qvis moZraobis sawyisi mimarTulebis
sawinaaRmdegod mimarTuli?
5.
5.24
suraTze
sxeulis
grafiki
naCvenebia
oTx
Tavisufali
mdgomareobaSi,
rodesac xaxunisgan Tavisufal zedapirze

myof sxeulze ramdenime Zala moqmedebs.
romel mdgomareobaSi eqneba sxeulis a
7. 5.26 suraTze oTx mdgomareobaSi naCvenebia

erTi da igive yuTi, romelzec horizontaluri
aCqarebas a) x komponenti da b) y komponenti?
Zalebi moqmedebs. daalage mdgomareobebi
g)
yuTis aCqarebis klebadobis mixedviT.
TiToeul
mdgomarobaSi
aCvene
a -s
mimarTuleba (amisTvis cotaodeni gamoTvlebi

dagWirdeba).
8. 5.27 suraTze naCvenebia oTxi blokisgan

Semdgari matarebeli, romelsac
xaxunisgan
F Zala miaTrevs.
ra
mTliani masa Cqardeba marjvniv a) F ZaliT,

Tavisufal zedapirze
b)me-3 TokiT da g) TokiT 1? d) daalage blokebi

aCqarebis klebadobis mixedviT. e) daalage
Tokebi daWimulobis klebadobis mixedviT
(es SekiTxva 42-e da 45-e amocanebisTvis
mogamzadebs).
6. 5.25 suraTze naCvenebia siCqaris x(t)

komponentis
sami
grafiki
da
siCqaris
y(t) komponentis sami grafiki. masStabebi

daculi ar aris. romeli grafiki Seesabameba
9. zedapirze mdebare m masis blokze verti

kaluri
F Zala moqmedebs. ra mouva zeda
155
piridan blokze moqmed
FN drekadobis
Zalas,
Tu F Zalis sidide izrdeba da F mimarTulia
meoreze moqmedi
a) qveviT da b) zeviT?
blokebi
SekiTxva 43-e amocanisTvis mogamzadebs).
zedapirze mdebare
12. planeri haerSi x RerZis gaswvriv moZra
moqmedi
F sididis Zalis
marTuleba. mimar
klebadobis
mixedviT.
F , F 21 da F 32 Zalebi sididis
klebadobis mixedviT, dididan mcireze (es
naCvenebia daxril
oTxi SesaZlo mi
aCqarebis

e) daalage
10. 5.28 suraTze
blokze
F 21 ZaliT da g) meoredan
mesameze moqmedi F 32 ZaliT? d) daalage
obs. 5.30 suraTze naCvenebia planeris siCqaris
x komponenti, rogorc t drois funqcia,

rodesac planerze Fx komponentis mqone Zala
Tulebebi horizontaluri an vertikaluria
moqmedebs. TiToeuli drois SualedisTvis
(a da b variantebSi Zala blokis asawevad
gansazRvre, dadebiTia Fx, uaryofiTi Tu nu
sakmarisi
ar
zedapiridan
aris).
blokze
daalage
variantebi
moqmedi
drekadobis
lis tolia. agreTve gansazRvre, Fx mudmivia,

izrdeba Tu mcirdeba.
Zalis klebadobis mixedviT.
11. 5.29 suraTze

naCvenebia xaxunis
gan Tavisufal ze
dapirze
mdebare
sami bloki, rom

lebzec
F hori
zontaluri Zala
moqmedebs. ra masa aCqardeba
marjvniv a)
F ZaliT, b) pirveli blokidan
amocanebi
SSM

Manual-Si.
www

ILW

amocanis sirTules
da b) y komponenti? g) risi tolia Zalebis

tolqmedi erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi?
3. 2 kg masis xorcis saWrel ficarze ori

horizontaluri Zala moqmedebs. ficari gluv
magidaze, xy sibrtyeze Zevs. erTi Zalaa F1 =
=(3n) i +(4n) j . moZebne ficris aCqareba erTeu
gviCvenebs
lovan-veqtorul CanawerSi, rodesac meore
Zalaa a) F2 =(3n) i +(4n) j , b) F2 =(3n) i +(4n) j
da g) F2 =(3n) i +(4n) j .
qveTavi 5.6. niutonis meore kanoni

1. 3 kg masis sxeulze ori horizontaluri
Zala moqmedebs. erTi Zalis sididea 9 n, xolo
4. sami kosmonavti, romelTac zurgze Zra

vebi aqvT damagrebuli, 120 kg masis aste
mimarTuleba _ aRmosavleTiT. meore Zalis
roids kosmosuri xo
sididea 8 n, mimarTuleba _ 62 Crdilo-
maldisken
ubiZgebs.
dasavleTisken. risi tolia sxeulis aCqareba?
5.31 suraTze naCve
2. 1 kg masis sxeulis aCqarebaa 2m/wm

da mimarTulia x RerZis dadebiTi mimar
Tulebisadmi 20kuTxiT. risi tolia sxeulze
moqmedi Zalebis tolqmedis a) x komponenti
nebia asteroidze moq
medi Zalebi, F1=32 n,
F2=55 n, F3=41 n. 1=30

da 3=60. risi tolia
156
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
asteroidis aCqareba a) erTeulovan veqtorul

CanawerSi? risi tolia aCqarebis b) sidide da
g)xRerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi kuTxe?
5. 2 kg masis yuTze
ori Zala moqmedebs,
magram 5.32 suraTze
mxolod erTia naCve
F1=20n-sTvis
a=12 m/wm2 da =30.
nebi.
moZebne meore Zalis

a)
erTeulovan-
veqtoruli Canaweri, b) sidide da g) x RerZis

dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi kuTxe. SSM
6. 2 kg masis sxeulze sami Zala moqmedebs,
romlebic mas a =(8m/wm2) i +(6m/wm2) j aniWebs.
F2 =(12n) i +(8n) j .
da
F1 =(30n) i +(16n) j
moZebne mesame Zala.
meore Zexvi gvaqvs da sistema uZravia. risi

tolia sasworis Cveneba? SSM.
7. ori Zalis moqmedebis Sedegad wertili
Tanabari =(3m/wm) i (4m/wm) j siCqariT mo
Zraobs. erT-erTi Zalaa F1 = (2 n ) i +(6 n ) j .

risi tolia meore Zala?
10. 3 n wonis bloki horizontalur zeda

pirze uZrav mdgomareobaSia. blokze 1 n ze
viT mimarTuli Zala moqmedebs, romelic
gamowveulia blokze vertikalurad mibmuli
8. 4 kg masis disko
TokiT. risi tolia blokidan horizontalur
yinulze misrialebs.
zedapirze
masze F1 da F2 ho
rizontaluri
Zale
bi
yinu
moqmedebs.
lze
gavlebulia
xy
koordinatTa sistema.
F1 -is
moqmedi
Zalis
a)
sidide
da
b) mimarTuleba?
11. 5.35 suraTze oTxi

disko
mimarTuleba
emTxveva x RerZis dadebiT mimarTulebas,
xolo misi sididea 7 n. F2 Zalis sididea 9 n.

5.33 suraTze naCvenebia diskos siCqaris x
komponenti, rogorc t drois funqcia. risi
tolia kuTxe F1 da F2 Zalebis mimarTulebebs

Soris?
qveTavi 5.7. zogierTi konkretuli Zala

9. a) 11 kg masis Zexvi TokiT zambarian
sasworzea Camokidebuli, TviT saswori ki
Werze meore TokiT kidia (sur. 5.34a). risi
tolia sasworis Cveneba wonis erTeulebSi?
b) 5.34b suraTze Zexvze da blokze Semoxveulia
Toki. sasworis meore mxare kedelze TokiTaa
mimagrebuli. risi tolia sasworis Cveneba?
g) 5.34g suraTze kedelis nacvlad 11 kg masis
Tokze
kidia.
Tokis zeda, yvelaze

grZeli nawili xaxu
nisgan
Tavisufal
blokzea Semoxveuli
da kedelze 98 n Za
liT moqmedebs. mok
le
nawilebis
daWi
T1=58,8n,
T2=49n da T3=9,8n.
risi tolia a) A diskos masa, b) B diskos masa,
g) C diskos masa da d) D diskos masa?
mulobebia
12. zogierT mwers Txeli totis qveda

zedapirze SeuZlia siaruli. davuSvaT, m
masis
mqone
aseTi
mweri horizontalur
totzea Camokidebuli
=40 kuTxiT (sur.

5.36).
fexi
misi
eqvsive
Tanabradaa
157
horizontaluria. a) risi tolia TiToeuli
17. raketa TanabaraCqarebuli moZraobisas

1,8wm-is ganmavlobaSi 1600km/sT siCqares
wvivis Zvlis daWimulobis fardoba mweris
aRwevs. risi tolia am dros tolqmedi Zala?
wonasTan? b) Tu mweri fexebs gaasworebs,
SSM.
Zvlebis daWimuloba gaizrdeba, Semcirdeba
18. daWimulobas, romlis drosac ankesis
Tu igive darCeba?
Zua wydeba, ankesis `Zalas~ uwodeben. ra
daWimuli da sxeulTan axlos fexis nawilebi
qveTavi 5.9.

niutonis kanonebis
gamoyeneba
minimaluri `Zala~ sWirdeba ankess, romelmac
85 n wonis oraguli 11 sm-is manZilze unda

SeaCeros, Tu Tevzis sawyisi siCqarea 2,8 m/wm?
13. davubrundeT 5.18 suraTs. blokis masa

iyos 8,5 kg, xolo kuTxe 30. moZebne a) Tokis
CaTvale, rom Seneleba xdeba Tanabrad.
daWimuloba da b) blokze moqmedi drekadobis
ialqniT, romelsac mzis sinaTle awveba.
Zala. g) Tu Toks gadavWriT, moZebne blokis

aCqarebis sidide. SSM WWW.
19. `mzis iaxta~ kosmosuri xomaldia didi

miuxedavad imisa, rom aseTi miwola Zalian
mcirea, is sakmarisia kosmosuri xomaldis
14. 45 kg masis qali gayinuli tbis zedapirze
nela
aRmosavleTisken misrialebs da dasavleTisken
mimarTulebiT. davuSvaT, kosmosuri xomal
asamoZraveblad
mzis
sawinaaRmdego
mosriale 90 kg masis kacs ejaxeba. Sejaxebis
dis masaa 900 kg, xolo mzis miwola _ 20 n.
dros kaci qalze dasavleTisken mimarTuli,
a) risi tolia aCqarebis sidide? Tu xomaldi
maqsimum 180 n ZaliT moqmedebs. risi tolia
moZraobas uZravi mdgomareobidan iwyebs,
qalidan kacze moqmedi maqsimaluri Zalis
maSin b) ra manZils gaivlis 1 dReSi da g) ra
a) sidide da b) mimarTuleba? risi tolia
siswrafiT imoZravebs?
qalis maqsimaluri aCqarebis g) sidide da d)
20. 53 km/sT siCqariT moZravi manqana xidis
mimarTuleba? risi tolia kacis maqsimaluri

aCqarebis e) sidide da v) mimarTuleba?
15. horizontaluri Fa Zala 2kg masis yuTs

xaxunisgan Tavisufal zedapirze ubiZgebs.
zedapirze
gavlebulia
xy
koordinatTa
sistema. 5.37 suraTze mocemulia yuTis x da
y komponentebis t droze damokidebulebis
grafiki. risi tolia Fa -s a) sidide da

b) mimarTuleba?
moajirs daejaxa. manqanis mgzavrma gzis

mimarT 65 sm-iT win waiwia da Semdeg gaxsnilma
damcavma baliSma SeaCera. ra sididis Zala
(davuSvaT,
mudmivi)
moqmedebs
mgzavris
sxeulis zeda nawilze, romlis masaa 41 kg?
21. 712 n wonis mexanZre vertikalur boZze

3 m/wm2 aCqarebiT Camocurda. risi tolia
boZidan mexanZreze moqmedi vertikaluri
Zalis a) sidide da b) mimarTuleba (zeviTaa es
Zala mimarTuli Tu qveviT)? ILW.
22. 1,3104 n wonis manqana 40 km/sT siCqariT

moZraobs, uecrad muxruWdeba da 15 m-is
gavlis Semdeg Cerdeba. davuSvaT, manqanis
SemaCerebeli Zala mudmivia. moZebne a) am
16. 5.38 suraTze 2 kg masis yuTze moqmedi

ori horizontaluri Zalidan mxolod erTia
(F1=20n) naCvenebi. yuTi x RerZis gaswvriv

moZraobs. ipove meore Zala erTeulovanveqtorul CanawerSi, Tu yuTis ax aCqarebaa:
a) 10 m/wm2, b) 20 m/wm2,
saWiro dro. Tu sawyisi siCqare orjer

metia da manqanaze damuxruWebisas igive
Zala moqmedebs, maSin ra koeficientebze
unda gamravldes g) SeCerebis manZili da
d) SeCerebis dro?
23. 1,2107 m/wm siCqaris eleqtroni hori

zontalurad moZraobs, masze ki am dros
g) 0, d) 10 m/wm2 da
e) 20 m/wm2.
Zalis sidide da b) siCqaris cvlilebisTvis
4,510-16 n vertikalurad mimarTuli mudmivi

158
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
Zala moqmedebs. eleqtronis masaa 9,1110-31 kg.
horizontaluri ZaliT. risi tolia a) cigis
vertikalurad ra manZiliT Seicvlis kurss
aCqareba da b) gogonas aCqareba? g) gogonas
eleqtroni 30 mm-is horizontalurad gada
sawyisi mdebareobidan ra manZilze Sexvdebian
adgilebis Semdeg? SSM.
gogona da ciga erTmaneTs?
24. 5.39 suraTze

m=100 kg masis xis
28. 40 kg masis moTxilamure xaxunisgan

Tavisufal, horizontisadmi 10 kuTxiT
yuTs
daxril ferdobze eSveba. davuSvaT, moTxi
xaxunisgan
T a v i s u f a l
lamure
daxril zedapirze
mimarTulebiT.
(=30)
horizontaluri
ZaliT
awvebian.
risi tolia a) F Zalis sidide da b) zedapiridan
moZraobs
RerZis
moTxilamureze
uaryofiTi
moqmedebs
Fx komponentis mqone qaris Zala. risi tolia

Fx, Tu moTxilamuris siCqare a) mudmivia,
b) izrdeba 1 m/wm2 aCqarebiT da b) izrdeba
2 m/wm2 aCqarebiT?
kldidan Camokida lianaze, romelic xidan
29. bloks xaxunisgan Tavisufal daxril

zedapirze 0=3,5 m/wm sawyisi siCqariT zeviT
ubiZgeben. zedapiris daxris kuTxea =32.
eSveba vertikalisadmi 22 kuTxiT. davuSvaT,
a) ra manZils gaivlis bloki zedapirze?
x RerZi horizontaluria, xolo y RerZi _
b) ra dro dasWirdeba am manZilis gasavlelad?
vertikaluri. tarzanis lianaze dakidebis
g) rogori iqneba misi siCqare sawyis wertilSi
momentSi lianis daWimulobaa 760n. risi
dabrunebisas? SSM WWW
tolia a) lianidan tarzanze moqmedi Zala
30. 5 kg masis
erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi da risi
yuTs
tolia tolqmedi Zalis (b) erTeulovan-
Tavisufal, hori
veqtoruli Canaweri, g) sidide da d) kuTxe
zontisadmi
yuTze moqmedi Zalis sidide?
25. 820 n wonis tarzani 20 m simaRlis
x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi. risi
xaxunisgan
ku
TxiT daxril ze
tolia tarzanis aCqarebis e) sidide da
dapirze
v) kuTxe?
ubiZgeben.
26. 5.40 suraTze
suraTze naCvenebia yuTis siCqaris x kom
zeviT
5.41
naCvenebia xaxunis
ponenti, rogorc t drois funqcia, roca x
gan Tavisufal ma
RerZi zustad daxrili sibrtyis gaswvrivaa
gidaze
mimarTuli. risi tolia zedapiridan yuTze
dadebuli
moqmedi drekadobis Zala?
0,025kg masis li
moni da masze mo
qmedi samidan ori
horizontaluri
Zala. F1 Zalis sididea 6n, xolo kuTxe 1=30.
F2 Zalis sididea 7n, xolo kuTxe 2=30. risi
tolia mesame Zala erTeulovan-veqtorul

CanawerSi, Tu limoni a) uZravia, b) moZraobs
mudmivi siCqariT =(13 i 14 j )m/wm da g) mo
Zraobs cvladi siCqariT =(13t i 14t j ) m/wm,
31. 310-4 kg masis sfero Tokzea Camoki

debuli.
msubuqi
horizontaluri
qari
sferos
mimarTulebis
ubiZgebs
da
Toks
vertikalisadmi 37 kuTxiT gadaxris. moZebne

a) biZgis Zala da b) Tokis daWimuloba. ILW.
32. 50 kg masis moTxilamure sabuqsiro

Toks eWideba da horizontisadmi 8 kuT
xiT daxril, xaxunisgan Tavisufali saTxi
sadac t droa?
lamuro ferdobze adis. risi tolia To
27. 40kg masis gogona da 8,4 kg ciga gayinuli

tbis zedapirze arian, erTmaneTisgan 15m
a) moTxilamuris siCqare mudmivia da =2
manZilze da erTmaneTTan umniSvnelo masis

Toki akavSirebT. gogona Tokze moqmedebs 5,2n
kidan moTxilamureze moqmedi F Zala, Tu

m/wm, b) =2 m/wm da siCqare izrdeba 0,1 m/wm2
aCqarebiT?
159
33. liftisa da misi tvirTis saerTo
masaa 1600 kg. gamoTvale liftis bagiris
moqmedi
daWimuloba, rodesac qvemoT moZravi lifti,
xeze moqmedi Zala.
romlis sawyisi siCqarea 12 m/wm, 42 m-is mudmivi
Semdeg gamoTvale
aCqarebiT gavlis Semdeg Cerdeba.
e)
34. lampa 2,4 m/wm2 SenelebiT zeviT moZrav
adamianisgan bolo
liftSi vertikalur Tokzea Camokidebuli.
F Zala da v) Ti
a) Tu Tokis daWimulobaa 89 n, risi tolia

lampis masa? b) risi toli iqneba Tokis daWi
muloba, Tu lifti zeviT imoZravebs 2,4 m/wm2
aCqarebiT?
35. 27,8 kn wonis liftis kabina zeviT adis.

risi tolia liftis bagiris daWimuloba, Tu
liftis siCqare a) izrdeba 1,22 m/wm2-iT da
b) mcirdeba 1,22 m/wm2iT.
36. lifts bagiri maRla eweva. liftisa da

erTi mgzavris saerTo masaa 2000 kg. mgzavrs
moneta gauvarda da kabinis mimarT 8 m/wm2
aCqarebiT iatakze daeca. risi tolia bagiris
Zala
da
d) mexuTedan meoT-
jaWvis
amwevi
rgolze
moqmedi
Toeuli
rgolis
amaCqarebeli
Za
lebis tolqmedi. SSM.
40. Zvelad cxenebi arxSi gemebs 5.44 suraTze

naCvenebi xerxiT eqaCebodnen. davuSvaT, cxeni
Toks eqaCeba 7900 n ZaliT gemis moZraobis
mimarTulebisadmi (x RerZis dadebiTi mi
=18
marTulebisadmi)
kuTxiT.
gemis
masaa 9500 kg, xolo aCqareba _ 0,12 m/wm2.

risi tolia wylidan gemze moqmedi Zalis
a) sidide da b) mimarTuleba (x RerZis dadebiTi
mimarTulebisadmi)?
daWimuloba?
37. gvaqvs Toki, romelic 387 n-ze meti daWi

mulobisas wydeba. am TokiT 449 n wonis tvirTi
6,1m simaRlidan miwaze unda Camoitano.
a) tvirTis rogori aCqareba gamoiwvevs Tokis
gawyvetas? b) ra aCqarebiT da ra siCqariT
daecema tvirTi miwaze?
TokiT miaTreven. Tokze F=12 n Zala =25

kuTxiT moqmedebs. a) risi tolia blokis
bagiriTaa
aCqareba?
gadabmuli da ma
Ti amoZraveba
kabinis
zeda
nela
ba
izrdeba.
risi tolia Zala

iatakidan
kabinis masaa 1700
blokis
srulad awevis Sem
B kabinisa
1300 kg. A kabinis

iatakze 12kg masis
b)
Zalis sidide nel-
giriT SeiZleba. A
kg,
41. 5.45 suraTze m=5 kg masis bloks xaxunis

gan Tavisufal horizontalur zedapirze
38. 5.42 suraTze

A da B liftebi
mokle
deg? g) risi tolia

yuTi devs. kabinebis damakavSirebuli bagiris
blokis aCqareba misi iatakidan srulad awevis

momentSi?
daWimulobaa 1,91104 n. risi tolia kabinis
42. 5.46 suraTze TokiT gadabmuli oTxi
iatakidan yuTze moqmedi drekadobis Zala?
pingvinia
naCvenebi,
romelTac
39. 5.43 suraTze 0,1 kg masis xuTi rgolisgan

Semdgar jaWvs a=2,5 m/wm2 aCqarebiT vertika
lurad zeviT sweven. gamoTvale a) meore
rgolidan pirvelze moqmedi Zala, b) mesamedan
meoreze moqmedi Zala, g) meoTxedan mesameze
xaxunisgan
160
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
Tavisufal yinulze adamiani miaTrevs. sami
Semoxveuli.
pingvinis masa da ori Tokis daWimuloba
Tebis
Semdegia: m1=12kg, m3=15kg, m4=20kg, T2=111n da
mA=30kg, mB=40kg
da mC=10 kg. ro
43.
desac
T4=222 n. gamoTvale meore pingvinis masa m2.

ori
bloki
xaxunisgan
Tavi
sufal
rogorc
5.47
su
masebia
sistema
damakavSirebeli Tokis daWimuloba? b) ra

manZilze gadaadgileba A yuTi 0,25 wm-Si (im
daSvebiT, rom is bloks ar miaRwevs)?
raTze vxedavT, did blokze horizontaluri
47. 5.51 suraTze
Zala moqmedebs. a) roca m1=2,3 kg, m2=1,2 kg da

F=3,2n, gamoTvale or bloks Soris moqmedi
Zalis sidide. b) daamtkice, rom Tu imave F
naCvenebia xaxuni
sididis Zala patara blokze sawinaaRmdego
sis blokze Semo
mimarTulebiT moqmedebs, maSin or bloks
xveuli
Soris 2,1 n Zalaa modebuli, romlis sidide
d a k a v S i r e b u l i
gasxvavdeba a) nawilSi gamoTvlili sididisgan.
ori yuTi. am mo
g) axseni am gansxvavebis mizezi. SSM ILW WWW
wyobilobas etvu
44. 5.48a suraTze A blokze Fa mudmivi

horizontaluri Zala moqmedebs. A bloki B
bloks 20 n ZaliT horizontalurad marjvniv
awveba. 5.48b suraTze igive Fa Zala B blokze

moqmedebs. amjerad A bloki B bloks 10 n
ZaliT
amoZravdeba, a) risi tolia B da C yuTebis
magidaze
gverdigverd dgas.
yu
horizontalurad
marjvniv
sgan
Tavisufal,
umniSvnelo
dis
ma
TokiT
manqana
ewo
deba. erTi yuTis masaa m1=1,3 kg, meore yuTisa
m2=2,8 kg. risi tolia a) yuTebis aCqareba da

b) Tokis daWimuloba?
48. 85 kg masis kaci 10 m simaRlidan TokiT
awveba.
miwaze Camodis. Toki Semoxveulia xaxunisgan
blokebis saerTo masaa 12 kg. risi tolia
Tavisufal blokze da mis meore boloze 65kg
a) 5.48a suraTze maTi aCqarebebi da b) Fa Zalis
masis qviSis tomaraa dakidebuli. ra siCqariT
sidide?
daecema kaci miwaze?
49. 10 kg masis
maimuni
umniSv
nelo masis mqone

Tokze
Toki Semoxveulia
45. 5.49 suraTze sam gadabmul bloks xaxu

nisgan Tavisufal zedapirze T3=65n ZaliT
horizontalurad
marjvniv
micocavs.
miaTreven.
m1=12 kg, m2=24 kg da m3=31 kg. gamoTvale

a) sistemis aCqareba, b) T1 daWimuloba da
g) T2 daWimuloba.
xaxunisgan
Tavi
sufal totze da
mibmulia
miwaze
mdgar, 15 kg masis
yuTze (sur. 5.52).
a) ra minimaluri
aCqareba
unda
hqondes
maimuns,
raTa yuTi miwidan

46. 5.50 suraTze sami yuTi TokebiTaa
awios? Tu yuTis awevis Semdeg maimuni co

cvas Sewyvets da Toks Camoekideba, risi
toli iqneba maimunis aCqarebis b) sidide da
gadabmuli. erT-erTi Toki xaxunisgan Tavi
g) mimarTuleba? d) risi toli iqneba Tokis
sufal da umniSvnelo masis mqone blokzea
daWimuloba? SSM
161
10kg. roca yuTebs xels gavuSvebT, risi toli
50. 5.53 suraTze

naCvenebia
iqneba marjvena Tokis daWimuloba?
skam
Camokide
53. M masis sahaero burTi qveviT mimarTuli

a aCqarebiT vertikalurad qveviT eSveba.
bulia umniSvnelo
ra masis zedmeti tvirTi unda gadmoagdon
masis
Tok
burTidan, raTa man zeviT mimarTuli a aCqareba
Se
SeiZinos? davuSvaT, rom haeridan moqmedi
xaxu
zeviT mimarTuli Zala masis Semcirebisas ar
ze mjdomare kaci.
skami
ze,
mqone
romelic
moxveulia
nisgan
Tavisufal
blokze,
xolo
misi
bolo
meore
kacs
xelSi
ravs.
icvleba. SSM ILW.
uWi
kacisa
da
skamis saerTo masaa 95 kg. ra ZaliT unda

imoqmedos
kacma
Tokze,
raTa
aiwios
a) Tanabari siCqariT da b) zeviT mimarTuli
1,3 m/wm2 aCqarebiT? (miniSneba: Tavisufali

sxeulis grafiki namdvilad dagexmarebaT).
Tu Tokis marjvena mxare miwamde eSveba da
kacis mewyvile Toks qaCavs, ra ZaliT unda
imoqmedos mewvilem Tokze, raTa kaci awios
54. 5.56 suraTze naCvenebia m2=1kg masis

yuTi xaxunisgan Tavisufal, =30 kuTxiT
daxril zedapirze. es yuTi umniSvnelo masis
TokiT dakavSirebulia m1=3kg masis meore
yuTTan,
romelic
horizontalur
xaxunisgan
zedapirze
Tavisufal
Zevs.
bloki
xaxunisgan Tavisufalia da umniSvnelo masa
aqvs. a) Tu horizontaluri F Zalis sididea
2,3 n, maSin risi tolia damakavSirebeli Tokis

daWimuloba? b) ra maqsimaluri sididisa
SeiZleba iyos F Tokis gawydomis gareSe?
g) Tanabari siCqariT da d) maRla mimarTuli
1,3m/wm2 aCqarebiT? risi tolia blokis

sistemidan Werze moqmedi Zala e) a) nawilSi,
v) b) nawilSi, z) g) nawilSi da T) d) nawilSi?
m1=3,7
51.
kg
masis
yuTii
xaxunisgan
Ta
=30
visufal,
kuTxiT
daxril
zedapirze
TokiT
dakavSirebulia m2
55. 5.57 suraTze naCvenebia x RerZis

gaswvriv moZravi 3 kg masis yinulis blokze
moqmedi Zalis Fx komponenti, rogorc t drois
funqcia. t=0 momentSi bloki RerZis dadebiTi
mimarTulebiT 3 m/wm siCqariT moZraobs. risi
=2,3kg masis vertikalurad dakidul yuTze.
tolia blokis a) siCqare da b) moZraobis
Toki Semoxveulia umniSvnelo masis mqone,
mimarTuleba, rodesac t=11 wm?
xaxunisgan Tavisufal blokze (sur. 5.54).

risi tolia a) TiToeuli yuTis aCqareba, b)
dakiduli yuTis aCqarebis mimarTuleba da g)
Tokis daWimuloba?
52. 5.55 suraTze naCvenebia xaxunisgan

Tavisufal
blokebze
dakavSirebuli
Semoxveuli
TokiT
sa
mi yuTi. B yuTi xa
xunisgan
magidaze
Tavisufal
Zevs.
56.
yu
mA=6
kg, mB=8 kg da mC=
Tebis
5.58
suraTze
naCvenebia
sabagiro
gzis monakveTi. TiToeuli vagonisa da misi
masebia
mgzavrebis dasaSvebi saerTo masaa 2800kg.

bagirze moZrav vagonze moqmedebs Zala meore
162
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
kabelidan, romelic
pasuxi
TiToeuli
Zvel
sistemas
efuZneboda,
sadac
vagonis
koeficienti 1,77 gamoiyeneboda ara litrebis
Tavzea mimagrebuli.
kilogramebSi, aramed litrebis girvanqebSi
davuSvaT,
kabelebi
gadasayvanad. g) sinamdvileSi ramdeni kilo
daWimulia da =35
grami sawvavi iyo TviTmfrinavSi? (garda
kuTxiTaa
mocemuli
daxri
1,77-isa,
koeficientebi
oTxi
li. rogori iqneba
niSnis sizustiT
gansxvaveba
kabe
leSi ram-deni damatebiTi sawvavi iyo saWi
mo
ro? e) monrealidan gafrenisas saWiro sa
daWimu
wvavis ra procentuli raodenoba hqonda
lis
mezobeli
nakveTebis
lobebs
Soris,
TiToeul
Tu
vagons
maqsimaluri
daamrgvale) d) sinamdvi
TviTmfrinavs?
dasa
edmontonis gzaze, 7,9 km simaRleze, TviT

mfrinavs sawvavi gauTavda da vardna daiwyo.
Svebi masa aqvs da 0,81 m/wm aCqarebiT zeviT
miuxedavad
moZraobs?
imdeni moaxerxa, rom TviTmfrinavi Tanabrad
sawvavis
arqonisa,
pilotma
eSveboda. vinaidan uaxloesi moqmedi aero
57.
erTeulebis
porti
ugulebelyofa.
fizikis
mTeli kursis ganmavlobaSi maswavlebeli

erTeulebTan
yuradRebiT
mopyrobas
iT
xovs. Tumca, zogierT daudevar students

sjera, rom erTeulebi yovelTvis wesrigSia.
imedia,
realuri
cxovrebidan
aRebuli
Semdegi magaliTi am aseT midgomaze uars

gaTqmevinebs.
1983 wlis 23 ivliss aviakompania ear kanadis
143-e
reisis
TviTmfrinavi
monrealidan
edmontonamde xangrZlivi frenisTvis emza

deboda, rodesac ekipaJma aeroportis mom
metismetad
Soris
iyo,
pilotma
TviTmfrinavi Zveli aeroportisken mimarTa.

saubedurod, am aeroportis asafreni biliki
manqanebis trasad iyo gadakeTebuli da mis
garSemo rkinis jebiri iyo Semovlebuli.
trasaze daSvebisas TviTmfrinavis wina Sasi
motyda da TviTmfrinavi cxviriT trasaze
daeca.
xaxunma
TviTmfrinavi
Seanela
da
jebirTan axlos gaaCera. manqanebis mZRolebi

da mgzavrebi SeZrwunebulebi uyurebdnen
am sanaxaobas. TviTmfrinavis yvela mgzavri
cocxali gadarCa. am ambis morali aseTia:
yuradRebiT moepyari erTeulebs.
frenisTvis saWiro iyo 22300 kg sawvavi.
58. sxeulze 20 n da 35 n ori Zala erTmaneTisgan

80 kuTxiT gansxvavebuli mimarTulebiT
moqmedebs. amis Sedegad miRebuli aCqarebaa 20
maT
m/wm2. risi tolia sxeulis masa?
saxure personals hkiTxa, ramdeni sawvavi

iyo
TviTmfrinavSi.
sawvavis
ekipaJma
raodenoba
icoda,
rom
kilogramebSi
icodnen, vinaidan kanada metrul sistemaze
59. x RerZis gaswvriv moZrav 2 kg masis
iyo gadasuli. manamde sawvavi girvanqebSi
wertilze am RerZis gaswvriv mimarTuli
izomeboda. aeroportis personali sawvavis
cvladi Zala moqmedebs. wertilis mdebareoba
raodenobas litrebSi zomavda da amitom
mocemulia formuliT x = 3 m + (4 m/wm)t + ct2
upasuxa,
7682
litrio.
TviTmfrinavSi
sawvavis arsebuli raodenobisa da SesaZlo

dasamatebeli raodenobis gasagebad ekipaJma
aeroports
hkiTxa,
ra
koeficienti
iyo
saWiro litrebis kilogramebSi gadasayvanad.
(2m/wm3)t3, sadac x metrebSia, xolo t _ wamebSi.

c koeficienti mudmivaa. rodesac t=3 wm,
wertilze x RerZis uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT
36 n sididis Zala moqmedebs. risi tolia c?
pasuxi iyo 1,77 (1,77 kg _ 1 litri). a) ekipaJis
60. M masis A bloks xaxunisgan Tavisufal

horizontalur zedapirze m masis TokiT
varaudiT, ramdeni kilogrami sawvavi iyo
miaTreven, rogorc
TviTmfrinavSi? b) ramdeni litri sawvavis
es
damateba moiTxova ekipaJma?
naCvenebi.
saubedurod, aeropoertis TanamSromlebis
boloze
5.59
suraTzea
Tokis
hori
163
zontaluri Zala moqmedebs. a) daamtkice,
d=11014 m diametris birTvma daatyveva.
rom Toki odnav mainc Caizniqeba. Semdeg
neitronze moqmedi Zala Tanabaria. gamoTvale
dauSvi, rom Cazneqa umniSvneloa da moZebne b)
am Zalis sidide. neitronis masaa 1,6710-27 kg.
Tokisa da blokis aCqareba, g) Tokidan blokze
65. 0,2 kg masis Saiba 2 m/wm siCqariT xaxunisgan
moqmedi Zala da d) Tokis daWimuloba mis Sua

wertilSi.
Tavisufal hokeis moednis zedapirze aRmo

savleTisken misrialebs. risi tolia im tol
61. 5.60 suraTze

naCvenebia 12kg sa
qmedi Zalis a) sidide da b) mimarTuleba,
buravi,romelsac
intervalSi Saiba dasavleTisken wavides 5m/
sami,
wm siCqariT? risi tolia tolqmedis g) sidide
horizonta
lurad
gaWimuli,
TokiT
eqaCebian.
erT
romelmac Saibaze unda imoqmedos, raTa 0,4 wm
Tokze
mocemulia.
modebuli
danarCen
(F1=50n)
Zala
Tokebze
modebulma
Zalebma saburavze ise unda imoqmedos, rom

mas, sul cota, a aCqareba mianiWos. risi tolia
a, Tu a) F2=30 n, F3=20 n; b) F2=30 n, F3=10 n;

g) F2=F3=20 n?
62. ucvleli = (2 m/wm) i (7 m/wm) j siCqariT
da d) mimarTuleba, Tu Saiba am intervalSi

aRmosavleTisken wava 5 m/wm siCqariT?
66. 5.62-e suraTze 4 kg masis A bloki da 6kg

masis B bloki umniSvnelo masis ZafiTaa
gadabmuli. A blokze moqmedebs FA =(12n) i
Zala, xolo B blokze _ FB =(24 n) i Zala. risi

tolia Zafis daWimuloba?
moZrav wertilze sami Zala moqmedebs. ori
Zalaa F1 = (2 n) i + (3 n) j + (2 n) k da F2 = (5 n)
i + (8 n) j + (2 n) k . risi tolia mesame Zala?
63.
muSa
yuTs
TokiT
qarxnis
iatakze
miaTrevs (sur. 5.61). muSa Tokze F=450n

ZaliT moqmedebs. Toki horizontalisadmi
= 38 kuTxiTaa daxrili, xolo iataki yuTze

f = 125 n ZaliT, moZraobis sawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT moqmedebs. gamoTvale yuTis
67.
5.63
suraTze
naCvenebia
xaxunisgan
Tavisufal, 1=30 daxril zedapirze mdebare

yuTi (m1=3 kg). es yuTi umniSvnelo masis TokiT
2=60 daxril zedapirze mdebare meore

yuTTanaa mibmuli (m2=2 kg). bloki xaxunisgan
Tavisufalia da umniSvnelo masa aqvs. risi
tolia Tokis daWimuloba?
aCqareba, Tu a) misi masaa 310 kg da b) misi wonaa
310 n.
68. 15000 kg masis vertmfreni 4500 kg satvirTo

manqanas 1,4 m/wm2 aCqarebiT swevs. gamoTvale
a) haeridan vertmfrenze moqmedi, zeviT
mimarTuli tolqmedi Zala, b) vertmfrenisa
da satvirTo manqanis damakavSirebeli bagiris
64. birTvi masSi moxvedrili moxetiale
daWimuloba.
neitronis gasaCereblad masze Zlieri Sina
69. 52 kg masis cirkis msaxiobi Tokze unda
gani ZaliT moqmedebs. es Zala, romelic

birTvebs
erTmaneTTan
àwebebs~,
birTvis
gareT daaxloebiT nulis tolia. davuSvaT,
1,4107m/wm
siCqariT
moZravi
neitroni
gavides, romelic gawydeba, Tu daWimuloba
425 n-s gadaaWarbebs. a) ra moxdeba, Tu msaxiobi

Toks uZravad Camoekideba? b) aCqarebis ra
sididiT aicilebs msaxiobi Tokis gawyvetas?
164
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 5
70. 5.64 suraTze

naCvenebia m=4kg
moZraobs. risi tolia a) Tokis daWimuloba da
masis
75. 5.66 suraTze

m2=1 kg masis yuTze
12n sididis F Za
yuTi,
b) m2 masa?
ro
melzec xuTi Zala

moqmedebs. Zalebis
sidideebia: F1=11n,
la moqmedebs. Za
F2=17n,
F2=3n,
F4=14n da F5=5n,
xolo 4=30. mo
la
Zebne yuTis aCqarebis a) erTeulovan-veqto

ruli Canaweri, b) sidide da g) kuTxe x RerZis
dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi.
daxrili sibrtyis
gaswvrivaa mimarTuli. yuTi TokiT iatakze

dadebul m1=3kg masis meore yuTTanaa dakav
Sirebuli. iataki, sibrtye da bloki xaxunisgan
Tavisufalia, xolo blokisa da Tokis masa
71. 3 kg masis y RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT

3 m/wm2 aCqarebiT moZrav sxeulze ori Zala
moqmedebs. Tu erTi Zala x RerZis dadebiTi
mimarTulebiT moqmedebs da aqvs 8 n sidide,
maSin risi tolia meore Zalis sidide?
72.
=37 kuTxiT
umniSvneloa. risi tolia Tokis daWimuloba?
76. 100 kg masis yuTi satvirTo liftis iatakze

Zevs. t=0 momentSi lifti Senobis pirveli
sarTulidan moZraobas iwyebs da 8 wamis Semdeg
bolo sarTulze adis. 5.67 suraTze naCvenebia
kosmosuri
liftis siCqaris droze damokidebulebis
erT-erT
grafiki. risi tolia a) liftze moqmedi Zalis
Tanamgzavrs, kalistos uaxlovdeba. Tu misi
Fl sidide, b) liftis iatakidan yuTze moqmedi
Zrava gamoimuSavebs zeviT mimarTul 3260 n
Zalis mimarTuleba (zeviT Tu qveviT), rodesac
Zalas, maSin xomaldi Tanabari siCqariT eSveba.
t=1,8 wm? risi tolia g) Fl-is sidide da

d) mimarTuleba, rodesac t=4,4 wm? risi
tolia e) Fl-is sidide da v) mimarTuleba,
rodesac t=6,8 wm?
warmoidgine
xomaldi,
sadesanto
romelic
iupiteris
Tu motori gamoimuSavebs mxolod 2200 n

Zalas, maSin xomaldi qveda mimarTulebiT 0,39
m/wm2-iT Cqardeba. a) risi tolia xomaldis wona
kalistos zedapirTan axlos? b) risi tolia
xomaldis masa? g) risi tolia Tavisufali
vardnis
aCqareba
kalistos
zedapirTan
axlos?
73. m1 masis sxeuls

garkveuli
Zala
12 m/wm aCqarebas
aniWebs, xolo m2
masis sxeuls 3,3
2
77. 5.68 suraTze daxril zedapirze mdebare
m/wm2 aCqarebas. ra
aCqarebas mianiWebs
Zala a) m 2 m 1 da
b)
m 2 +m 1
masis
Tunuqis
WurWeli
(m1=1kg)
Tunuqis
meore WurWelTanaa
(m2=2kg)
sxeulebs?
bloki
mibmuli.
xaxunisgan
74. 5.65 suraTze naCvenebia m1=3 kg masis

konteineri, romelic m2 masis yuTTan
Tavisufalia
xaxunisgan Tavisufal blokze Semoxveuli
aqvs. zeviT mimar
TokiTaa dakavSirebuli. Tokisa da blokis
Tuli F=6n Zala
masebi
moqmedebs
umniSvneloa.
rodesac
konteineri
uZravi mdgomareobidan gamodis, is xaxunisgan

Tavisufal
zedapirze
1 m/wm
aCqarebiT
umniSvnelo
WurWelze,
melsac
da
masa
meore
ro
qveviT
165
mimarTuli 5,5 m/wm2 aCqareba aqvs. risi tolia
a) motociklistze moqmedi Zalebis tolqmedi
a) Tokis daWimuloba da b) kuTxe?
da b) motociklidan motociklistze moqmedi
78. sxeuli liftis Werze damagrebul zam
Zala?
barian
kabinis
84. rodesac 17kn wonis avtomobili 3,66 m/wm2-
uZraobis dros saswori 65 n-s aCvenebs. risi
iT Cqardeba, risi tolia masze moqmedi Zale
tolia sasworis Cveneba, Tu kabina zeviT
bis tolqmedi?
sasworzea
Camokidebuli.
7,6 m/wm mudmivi siCqariT?

b) 7,6 m/wm siCqaris 2,4 m/wm2 SenelebiT?
moZraobs
a)
5.17
85. 85 kg masis adamiani paraSutiT xteba da

2,5 m/wm2 qveviT mimarTuli aCqarebiT vardeba.
paraSutis masaa 5 kg. a) risi tolia haeridan
suraTze me-2 Toksa da Wers Soris kuTxe me-
gaxsnil paraSutze moqmedi zeviT mimarTuli
2 Tokis sigrZis cvlilebiT SevcvaloT da
Zala? b) risi tolia adamianidan paraSutze
vuwodoT mas 2 (1-el Toksa da Wers Soris
moqmedi qveviT mimarTuli Zala?
79.
5.6
amocanis
amoxsnis
nimuSis
kuTxea 28). a) amocanis am nimuSSi mocemuli

monacemebis safuZvelze aage pirveli Tokis
T1
2-ze damokidebulebis
grafiki, rodesac 0<2<90. daaxloebiT risi
tolia T1-is a) maqsimaluri da b) minimaluri
daWimulobis
sidideebi?
aris
SesaZlebeli
g)
Tu
ara
es
maqsimaluri
fizikurad
sidide
da
d) minimaluri sidide?
86. 1400 kg masis reaqtiuli Zrava samgzavro

TviTmfrinavis
WanWikiTaa
davuSvaT,
korpusze
mimagrebuli
TiToeul
mxolod
(rogorc
WanWikze
sami
wesi).
datvirTis
erTi mesamedi modis. a) gamoTvale TiToeul

WanWikze moqmedi Zala, rodesac Tvimfrinavi
gafrenisTvis
emzadeba.
b)
frenis
dros
TviTmfrinavze moqmedebs Zala, romelic mas
80. gamoTvale 75 kg masis kosmosur xomald
zeviT mimarTul 2,6 m/wm2 aCqarebas aniWebs.
`reinjeris~ wona a) dedamiwaze, b) marsze,
gamoTvale
sadac g=3,8m/wm , da g) Ria kosmosSi, sadac
moqmedi Zala.
g=0. d) risi tolia `reinjeris~ masa TiToeul

mdebareobaSi?
TiToeul
WanWikze
amjerad
87. 12 kg masis javSnosani (cxoveli) sanadirod

tbis
gayinul,
xaxunisgan
Tavisufal
81. wertili im adgilze, sadac g=9,8 m/wm2,

22n-s iwonis. risi tolia wertilis a) wona
da b) masa iq, sadac g=4,9 m/wm2? risi tolia
zedapirze
misi g) wona da d) masa, Tu wertili imyofeba
sawyisi mdebareoba aTvlis saTaved miiCnie.
kosmosSi, sadac g=0?
cxoveli yinulze srials iwyebs, roca masze
82. 1,2106 kg masis kosmosuri xomaldi

varskvlavebis
sistemis
mimarT
uZrav
mdgomareobaSia. a) ra aCqareba dasWirdeba

xomaldis 0,1c siCqariT (c sinaTlis siCqarea
Serbis.
javSnosanis
sawyisi
siCqare, romlis sididea 5 m/wm, mimarTulia x

RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT. javSnosanis
y RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis 17 n Zalis

qari
moqmedebs.
erTeulovan-veqtorul
CanawerSi, risi tolia javSnosanis a) siCqare

da b) mdebareoba 3 wm srialis Semdeg?
amoZravebas
88. 50 kg masis mgzavri liftiT moZraobs,
3 dReSi?
romelic pirveli sarTulidan moZraobas
b) risi tolia es aCqareba g-ebSi? g) ra Zalaa
iwyebs t=0 momentSi da bolo sarTulze 10 wm-
saWiro am aCqarebisTvis? d) Tu 0,1c siCqaris
is Semdeg adis. 5.69 suraTze naCvenebia kabinis
da
3108 m/wm-isa)
tolia
varskvlavebis
miRwevisas
sistemis
Zravebi
mimarT
gamorTes
(siCqare
Tanabaria), ra dro dasWirdeba xomalds 5

sinaTlis Tvis gasavlelad (manZili, romelsac
sinaTle 5 TveSi gaivlis)?
83. motocikli da 65 kg masis motociklisti

3 m/wm2 aCqarebiT horizontisadmi 10 kuTxiT
daxril zedapirze moZraoben. risi tolia
166
Tavi 5
Zala da moZraoba
aCqarebis droze damokidebulebis grafiki.

aCqarebis dadebiTi sidideebi asaxavs mis zeda
mimarTulebas. rogoria liftis iatakidan
mgzavrze moqmedi maqsimaluri Zalis a) sidide
da b) mimarTuleba (zeviT Tu qveviT)? rogoria
iatakidan
mgzavrze
moqmedi
minimaluri
Zalis g) sidide da d) mimarTuleba? rogoria

mgzavridan
iatakze
moqmedi
maqsimaluri
Zalis e) sidide da v) mimarTuleba?
89. F Zalis moqmedebiT cdilob xaxunisgan

Tavisufal iatakze macivris gadaadgilebas.
F an horizontaluria (pirveli SemTxveva),

an kuTxiT daxrili (meore SemTxveva). a) risi
95. Tu 1 kg masis sxeuli mxolod F1 =(3 n) i +
+(4 n) j da F2 =(2 n) i +(6 n) j Zalebis zemo

qmedebiT Cqardeba, maSin risi tolia
tolqmedis a) erTeulovan-veqtoruli Cana
weri, b) sidide da g) x RerZis dadebiTi mimar
Tulebisadmi kuTxe? risi tolia a -s d) sidide

da e) kuTxe?
96. kosmosuri xomaldi mTvaridan, sadac g=1,6

m/wm2, vertikalurad frindeba. Tu afrenisas
xomaldis aCqarebaa 1 m/wm2, maSin ra sididis
ZaliT moqmedebs xomaldi pilotze, romelic
dedamiwaze 735 n-s iwonis?
ganmavlobaSi ubiZgeb? b) risi tolia es
97. laboratoriul eqsperimentSi Tavda

pirvelad uZravi eleqtroni (masa=9,111031
kg) 1,5 sm-is manZilze Tanabar aCqarebas
ganicdis da distanciis dasasruls 6106 m/wm
fardoba, Tu macivars garkveul d manZilze
siCqares aRwevs. risi tolia a) eleqtronis
ubiZgeb?
amaCqarebeli Zalis sidide da b) eleqtronis
tolia meore SemTxvevis Sesabamisi siCqaris

fardoba
pirveli
SemTxvevis
Sesabamis
siCqaresTan, Tu macivars garkveuli t drois
90. 1 kg masis sxeuli 4 m/wm2 aCqarebiT x RerZis

dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi 160 kuTxiT
moZraobs.
sxeulze
ori
Zala
moqmedebs.
erTia F1 =(2,5 n) i +(4,6 n) j . risi tolia meore
wona?
98. gamoTvale 1,3104 kg masis raketis sawyisi,

zeviT mimarTuli aCqareba, Tu Zravis mier
warmoqmnili sawyisi zeviT mimarTuli Zalis
Zalis a) erTeulovan-veqtoruli Canaweri,
(biZgis) sididea 2,6105 n. ar ugulebelyo
b) sidide da g) kuTxe?
raketaze moqmedi mizidulobis Zala.
91. raketisa da misi sasargeblo tvirTis

saerTo masaa 5104 kg. ra sididisaa Zravis mier
99. 5.70a suraTze naCvenebia Werze Camo

kidebuli
konstruqcia.
is
liTonis
ori
warmoqmnili Zala (dartyma), rodesac raketa
nawilisgan (m1=3,5 kg da m2=4,5 kg) Sedgeba,
a) afrenis adgilis Tavze haerSi `hkidia~ da b)
romlebic
zeviT Cqardeba 20 m/wm2-iT?
TokiTaa gadabmuli. risi tolia a) qveda Tokis
92. 80 kg masis kaci 0,5 m simaRlis fanjridan

ezoSi xteba. gadmoxtomisas is muxlebs ar xris
da gaCerebisTvis 2 sm sWirdeba. a) risi tolia
misi saSualo aCqareba ezos miwis pirvelad
Sexebidan gaCerebamde? b) ra saSualo Sema
Cerebeli ZaliT moqmedebs Sida ezo?
erTmaneTze
umniSvnelo
daWimuloba da b) zeda Tokis daWimuloba? 5.70b

suraTze naCvenebia liTonis sami nawilisgan
Semdgari konstruqcia. ori maTganis masaa
m3=4,8 kg da m5=5,5 kg. zeda Tokis daWimulobaa

199 n. risi tolia g) qveda Tokis daWimuloba
da d) Sua Tokis daWimuloba?
93. 2 kn wonis motocikli 0-dan 88,5 km/sTmde 6 wamSi Cqardeba. risi tolia a) Tanabari
aCqareba da b) aCqarebis gamomwvevis Zalebis
tolqmedi?
94. davuSvaT, 5.14 suraTze sxeulebis masebia 2

kg da 4 kg. a) ra masa unda hqondes Camokidebul
sxeuls, raTa aCqareba maqsimaluri iyos?
rogori iqneba am SemTxvevaSi b) aCqarebis
sidide da g) Tokis daWimuloba?
masis
(a)
(b)
167
100. 29 kg masis pingvini aRmosavleTisken
6 m/wm siCqariT moZraobs da didi farTobis
yinulze Serbis. yinulze curvis dros qari
pingvinze ucvleli sididis da mimarTulebis
ZaliT moqmedebs. 5.71 suraTze naCvenebia
yinulze curvis dros pingvinis mdebareobebi
1-wamian
SualedebSi.
RerZis
dadebiT
mimarTulebad arCeulia aRmosavleTi. pin

gvini yinuls pirvelad t=0 momentSi exeba.
rogoria
qaris
pingvinze
moqmedi
Zalis
a) sidide da b) mimarTuleba?
101. 0,2 kg masis Saiba gayinuli tbis zedapirze

2 m/wm siCqariT aRmosavleTisken micuravs.
risi toli unda iyos 0,5 wamis ganmavlobaSi
Saibaze moqmedi saSualo Zalis sidide da
mimarTuleba, raTa Saibis siCqare gaxdes
a) 5m/wm dasavleTisken da b) 5m/wm samxre
Tisken?
Zala da moZraoba
bolidis usafrTxo moxveva rbolis dros xaxunzea damokidebuli. Zalian

swrafad moZraobis SemTxvevaSi, xaxuni ver asrulebs Tavis funqcias
da bolidi trasaze curdeba. adre mosaxvevSi Sesvlisas mrbolels
Zalian unda Seenelebina bolidi, dResdReobiT ki ukeTesi konstruqciis
Sedegad haeri bolids zemodan awveba da didi siGqaris SemTxvevaSic
mocurebis albaToba mcirea. qvemoT mimarTul biZgs uaryofiTi weva
ewodeba. uaryofiT wevas bolidis zemodan da qvemodan gamavali haeris
nakadi iwvevs. Tanamedrove rbolebSi uaryofiTi weva sakmaod Zlieria.
SesaZlebelia Tu ara amoyiravebuli bolidis Werze gatareba?

mocemul TavSi yuradRebas sami saxeobis Zalas mivapyrobT. esenia xaxunis, wevis da
centriskenuli Zalebi. indianapolis-500-sTvis sarbolo manqanis momzadebisas inJinerma samive
saxeobis Zala unda gaiTvaliswinos. saburavebze moqmedi xaxunis Zala gadamwyvet zegavlenas
axdens manqanis aCqarebaze, rodesac piloti pit-stopidan gamodis an mosaxvevSi Sedis. haeridan
manqanaze moqmedi wevis Zala minumamde unda Semcirdes, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi manqana bevr
sawvavs moixmars da pit-stopSi Sesvla maleve mouwevs (pit-stopSi 14 wamiT gaCerebac ki pilots
rbolis wagebad SeiZleba daujdes). centriskenul Zalas didi mniSvneloba mosaxvevebSi aqvs
(arasakmarisi centriskenuli Zalis SemTxvevaSi manqana kedels Seejaxeba).
Cvens ganxilvas xaxunis ZalebiT viwyebT.
6.2. xaxuni
xaxuni Cveni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. maTTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevis
gareSe yvela moZravi sagani gaCerdeboda. avtomobilSi moxmarebuli sawvavis 20% Zravasa da
transmisiaSi arsebuli xaxunis winaaRmdeg gamoiyeneba. meores mxriv, xaxunis ararsebobis
SemTxvevaSi avtomobili saerTod ver imoZravebda da, ufro metic, fexiT an velosipediT
gadaadgilebac ki SeuZlebeli iqneboda. ver daviWerdiT fanqars da, Sesabamisad, verc
davwerdiT. WanWikebi da lursmnebi gamousadegarebi gaxdeboda, moqsovili tansacmeli nawilnawil daiSleboda da kvanZebic ki TavisiT gaixsneboda.
amjerad Cven SevexebiT mSral, myar zedapirebs Soris moqmed xaxunis Zalebs, rodesac zedapirebi
168
6.2. xaxuni
169
erTmaneTisadmi uZravni arian an mcire siCqariT moZraoben.

CavataroT sami martivi eqsperimenti:
1. wigni grZel, horizontalur zedapirze gavacuroT. rogorc

mosalodnelia, wigni Seneldeba da Semdeg gaCerdeba. es
niSnavs, rom wigns mxebi zedapiris paraleluri da sakuTari
(a)
siCqaris
sawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebis
mqone
aCqareba
aqvs. niutonis meore kanonidan gamomdinare, wignze mxebi

zedapiris paraleluri da misi siCqaris sawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebis Zala moqmedebs. es aris xaxunis Zala.
moZraoba
ar gvaqvs
(b)
2. wigns horizontalurad ubiZgeT, raTa man mxebi zedapiris

gaswvriv mudmivi siCqariT imoZraos. SeiZleba Tu ara Tqveni
Zala wignze moqmedi erTaderTi horizontaluri Zala iyos?
ara, vinaidan aseT SemTxvevaSi wigni aCqardeba. niutonis
meore kanonidan gamomdinare, wignze meore Zala moqmedebs,
romelic Tqveni Zalis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebis da
(g)
igive sididisaa. maSasadame, Zalebi erTmaneTs awonasworebs.

wignze moqmedi meore Zala xaxunisaa da is mxebi zedapiris
paraleluria.
3. mZime yuTs horizontalurad ubiZgeT. yuTi ar moZraobs.

niutonis meore kanonidan gamomdinare, yuTze meore Zala
(d)
moqmedebs da Tqvens Zalas ewinaaRmdegeba. ufro metic,

es Zala Tqvens sawinaaRmdegod aris mimarTuli da igive
aCqareba
sididisaa, radgan Zalebi erTmaneTs awonasworebs. yuTze

moqmedi meore Zala kvlav xaxunis Zalaa. Semdeg scadeT
da yuTs ufro Zlierad ubiZgeT. yuTi kvlav ar moZraobs.
(e)
cxadia, xaxunis Zalis sidide Seicvala da Zalebi kvlav

erTmaneTs awonasworebs. amjerad mTeli Tqveni Zala CarTeT
mudmivi
siCqare
maqsimaluri sidide aqvs da Tu am sidides gadaaWarbebT,

yuTi amoZravdeba.
(v)
fs-is maqsimaluri mniSvneloba
xaxunis Zalis
sidide
saqmeSi. yuTi moZraobas iwyebs. maSasadame, xaxunis Zalas
fk miaxloebiT
mudmivia
moZraobis
dasawyisi
(z)
6.1 suraTze naCvenebia zemoT aRwerilis msgavsi mdgomareoba.

6.1a suraTze bloki magidaze Zevs da
Fg mizidulobis Zalas
FN drekadobis
Zala awonasworebs. 6.1b suraTze gamosaxul
blokze F Zala moqmedebs da mas marcxnisken ubiZgebs.
sapasuxod f s xaxunis Zala marjvniskenaa mimarTuli da Zalas
awonasworebs. f s Zalas statikuri xaxunis Zala ewodeba.

bloki ar moZraobs.
sur. 6.1. a) uZrav blokze moqmedi 6.1g da 6.1d suraTebze naCvenebia, Tu ra xdeba, rodesac Tqven
Zalebi. b)-d) blokze modebul
gare Zalas f s statikuri xaxunis
Zala awonasworebs. -is zrdasTan
erTad fs Zalac izrdeba, vidre fs
garkveul maqsimalur mniSvnelobas
SeiZens. e) amis Semdeg bloki
is mimarTulebiT Cqardeba. v) Tu
bloki mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs,
maSin F Zala kvlav im maqsimalur
mniSvnelobamde Semcirdeba, rome
lic blokze iyo modebuli amoZra
vebamde. z) a)-v) movlenebis eqsperi
mentuli Sedegebi.
mier modebuli Zala izrdeba. Tavdapirvelad
f s statikuri
xaxunis Zalis sidide izrdeba da bloki uZravia. rodesac

Tqveni Zala garkveul sidides miaRwevs, bloki marcxnisken
aCqarebas iwyebs (6.1e). am SemTxvevaSi xaxunis Zala moZraobas
ewinaaRmdegeba da mas
f k kinetikuri xaxunis Zala ewodeba.
Cveulebriv, moZraobis dros moqmedi kinetikuri xaxunis

Zalis sidide moZraobis ararsebobis dros moqmedi statikuri
xaxunis Zalis sidideze metia. aqedan gamomdinare, Tu gsurT,
rom bloki zedapirze mudmivi siCqariT gadaadgildes, maSin
170
Tavi 6
Zala da moZraoba
moZraobis dawyebisas modebuli Zalis sidide unda SeamciroT.

6.1z suraTze naCvenebia eqsperimentis Sedegebi, rodesac
moZraobis
dawyebamde
blokze
modebuli
Zala
nel-nela
gaizarda. yuradReba miaqcieT, rom Zalis Semcireba blokis
(a)
mudmivi siCqariT moZraobisTvis aris saWiro.

xaxunis Zala sxeulebis zedapirebis atomebs Soris moqmedi
Zalebis veqtoruli jamia. Tu gaprialebuli da kargad
gawmendili zedapirebis mqone liTonebs vakuumSi erTmaneTTan
(b)
mivaaxlovebT, isini erTmaneTze ar gasrialdeba, vinaidan

erT zedapirze ganlagebuli mravali atomi meore zedapirze
sur. 6.2. srialis xaxunis me
ganlagebul mraval atomTan urTierTqmedebs, zedapirebi
qanizmi. a) zeda zedapiri qveda

zedapirze marjvnisken misria
lebs. b) naCvenebia civi SeduRebis
ori adgili. SenaduRi nakerebis
garRvevisa da moZraobis gagrZe
lebisTvis Zalaa saWiro.
wamierad
civad
SeduRdebian
da
liTonis
erTi
naWeri
warmoiqmneba. specialurad gaprialebuli dagraduirebuli

Suasadebebis erTmaneTTan miaxloebisas (haerSi),
atomebs
Soris kontaqti naklebia, magram Suasadebebi erTmaneTs myarad

ekroba da maTi gancalkeveba mxolod specialuri xelsawyoTi
SeiZleba. Cveulebriv pirobebSi atomTa Soris mWidro kontaqti ar xdeba, vinaidan Zalian
gaprialebuli zedapiris mqone liTonic ki atomur skalaze ar aris idealurad swori. ufro
metic, yoveldRiuri sagnebis zedapirebze Jangis da sxva gamWuWyianeblebis fenebia dadebuli
da civi SeduRebis albaTobac mcirea.
ori Cveulebrivi zedapiris erTmaneTTan miaxloebisas, mxolod SemaRlebuli wertilebi exeba
erTmaneTs. Sexebis realuri, mikroskopuli farTobi xilul, makroskopul farTobze daaxloebiT
104-jer mcirea. miuxedavad amisa, Sexebis bevri wertili mainc ganicdis civ SeduRebas. SeduRebis
Sedegad statikuri xaxuni Cndeba da modebuli Zala zedapirebis erTmaneTze gasrialebas
cdilobs.
rodesac modebuli Zala sakmarisad didia, SenaduRi nakerebi irRveva damoZraobasTan erTad
SemTxveviTi Sexebis adgilebi Cndeba (sur. 6.2). moZraobis sawinaaRmdego
fk
kinetikuri xaxunis
Zala SemTxveviTi Sexebis mraval adgilze moqmedi Zalebis veqtoruli jamia.

zedapirebs Soris ufro myari kontaqtis dros, civi SeduRebis wertilebis raodenoba metia da
zedapirebis erTmaneTisadmi gacureba met Zalas moiTxovs. Sesabamisad,
f s statikuri xaxunis
Zalis maqsimaluri mniSvneloba ufro metia. zedapirebis srialisas wamieri civad SeduRebis
wertilebis raodenoba metia da, maSasadame,
f k kinetikuri xaxunis Zalis sididec izrdeba.
xSirad erTi zedapiris meoreze srials, biZgebi axlavs Tan, vinaidan zedapirebi erTmaneTs
ekroba. msgavsi moZraobisas wripinis an RrWialis xma ismis. magaliTad, saburavebis xma mSral
trasaze damuxruWebisas, frCxilebis moZraoba carciT gasvril dafaze an daJanguli karebis
gaReba. ar aris aucilebeli xma arasasiamovno iyos, magaliTad violinos xemis simze gasmac
gamodgeba.
6.3. xaxunis Tvisebebi

eqsperimentis Tanaxmad, rodesac
F Zala mSrali da gaupoxavi sxeulis igive mdgomareobaSi
myof zedapirze gasrialebas cdilobs, Sedegad miRebul xaxunis Zalas sami Tviseba aqvs:
pirveli Tviseba. Tu sxeuli ar moZraobs, maSin
f s statikuri xaxunis Zala da F Zalis
zedapirisadmi paraleluri komponenti erTmaneTs awonasworebs. Zalebi sididiT tolia,

xolo mimarTulebiT urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa.

meore Tviseba.
171
f s Zalis fs,max maqsimaluri mniSvnelobaa:
fs,max=sFN
(6.1)
sadac s aris statikuri xaxunis koeficienti, xolo FN - zedapiridan sxeulze moqmedi

drekadobis Zala. Tu
F Zalis zedapirisadmi paraleluri komponenti fs,max mniSvnelobaze metia,
maSin sxeuli zedapiris gaswvriv srials iwyebs.

mesame Tviseba. Tu sxeuli zedapiris gaswvriv srials iwyebs, xaxunis Zala fk mniSvnelobamde
swrafad mcirdeba:

f k = k F N
(6.2)
sadac k aris kinetikuri xaxunis koeficienti. amis Semdeg, 6.2 formuliT mocemuli f k
kinetikuri xaxunis Zala moZraobas ewinaaRmdegeba.
xaxunis Zalis meore da mesame TvisebebSi moyvanili FN drekadobis Zalis sidide gviCvenebs, Tu
ramdenad Zlierad awveba sxeuli zedapirs. niutonis mesame kanonidan gamomdinare, rac ufro
metia dawola, miT ufro metia FN. pirveli da meore Tvisebebi erTaderT
F Zalas axasiaTebs,
magram isini sxeulze modebuli ramdenime Zalis tolqmedsac miesadageba. 6.1 da 6.2 formulebis
veqtoruli Cawera SeuZlebelia, radgan
srials ewinaaRmdegeba, xolo
f s da f k Zalebi yovelTvis zedapiris paraleluria da
FN drekadobis Zala zedapirisadmi perpendikularulia.
s da k koeficientebs erTeuli ar gaaCnia da isini eqsperimentis saSualebiT ganisazRvreba.

maTi mniSvneloba sxeulis da zedapiris maxasiaTeblebzea damokidebuli da amitom xSirad
moixseniebian windebul `Soris~-Tan erTad. magaliTad: `kvercxsa da tefloniT dafarul patara
qvabs Soris s-is mniSvnelobaa 0,04, xolo kldeebze sacoc fexsacmelsa da kldes Soris - 1,2~.
vuSvebT, rom k-is mniSvneloba sxeulis srialis siCqareze damokidebuli ar aris.
sakontrolo wertili 1. bloki zedapirze Zevs. a) ra xaxunis Zala moqmedebs blokze

zedapiridan? b) Tu blokze 5n horizontaluri Zala moqmedebs, magram bloki uZravia,
ra xaxunis Zala moqmedebs blokze? g) Tu blokze moqmedi statikuri xaxunis Zalis fs,max
maqsimaluri mniSvnelobaa 10n, imoZravebs Tu ara bloki masze 8n horizontaluri Zalis

modebisas? d) gaeciT igive SekiTxvas pasuxi, Tu blokze modebuli Zalaa 12n. e) ra xaxunis
Zala moqmedebs g) SekiTxvis SemTxvevaSi?
6.1

avariuli damuxruWebis dros borblebi ar
brunavs da manqana gzis gaswvriv srialdeba.
saburavis nakuwebi da gzis safaris patara
gamdnari
nawilebi kvals
toveben
da
es
(a)
cxadyofs, rom srialis dros civi SeduReba

moxda. 1960 wels, inglisis M1 trasaze,
iaguarma 290m sigrZis kvali datova da
rekordi daamyara (6.3a suraTi). davuSvaT
k=0,6
da
damuxruWebis
dros
manqanis
aCqareba mudmivi iyo. ra siCqariT moZraobda

manqana borblebis gaCerebis momentSi?
amoxsna:
vinaidan
aCqarebas
mudmivad
(b)
miviCnevT, 2.1 cxrilSi mocemuli formulebis

gamoyenebiT 0 sawyisi siCqare SegviZlia
davadginoT. modiT 2.16 formulis gamoyeneba
sur. 6.3. a) manqana marjvnisken misrialebs da 290mis gavlis Semdeg Cerdeba. b) Tavisufali sxeulis
grafiki manqanisTvis
172
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 6
vcadoT da davuSvaT, rom manqana x RerZis
6.2 formulidan gamomdinare, xaxunis Zalis
dadebiTi mimarTulebiT moZraobda:
sididea fk=kFN , sadac FN aris gzidan manqanaze
2 = 0 2 +2a(x-x 0 )
(6.3)
Cven ukve viciT, rom x-x0 gadaadgileba 290mia, saboloo siCqared 0-s miviCnevT da 0-is
gamoTvla gvsurs. manqanis a aCqareba CvenTvis
ucnobia.
a-s gamoTvlisTvis gaviTvaliswinoT, rom Tu

manqanaze haeris moqmedebas ugulvebelvyofT,
maSin a aCqarebas mxolod gzidan manqanaze
moqmedi
moqmedi drekadobis Zala. vinaidan manqana

vertikalurad ar Cqardeba, 6.3b suraTidan
da niutonis meore kanonidan gamomdinare
Zala manqanaze moqmedi
FN
Fg mizidulobis Zalis
tolia. aqedan gamomdinare, FN=mg.
amjerad 6.4 formula a-sTvis amovxsnaT da fk-s

nacvlad fk=kFN=kmg CavsvaT:
f k kinetikuri xaxunis Zala iwvevs,
a = mk =
kmg
m = kg,
romelic manqanis moZraobis sawinaaRmdegod
minus niSani asaxavs, rom aCqareba x RerZis
aris mimarTuli (6.3b suraTi). Zalas da
uaryofiTi
aCqarebas Soris kavSiri niutonis meore
mimarTulebis sawinaaRmdegoa. amis Semdeg,
kanonis (ft,x=max) saSualebiT Caiwereba:
f k =ma
xaxunis
Zalis
mimarTulebas
da 0-sTvis amovxsnaT:
0 =

gamosaxuli
qali
= 58 m/w = 210 km/sT
(pasuxi)
6.2

suraTze
siCqaris
formuliT SevcvaloT, gavixsenoT, rom =0
(6.4)
asaxavs.
6.4a
anu
6.3 formulaSi Sesuli a zemoT miRebuli
sadac m aris manqanis masa. minus niSani

kinetikuri
mimarTulebisaa
m=75kg
masis datvirTul marxils horizontalur

zedapirze
mudmivi
siCqariT
miacurebs.
marxilis kavebsa da Tovls Soris k kinetikuri

xaxunis koeficientia 0,1, xolo kuTxea 42.
a) ra
T Zala moqmedebs Tokidan marxilze?
amoxsna:
1. vinaidan
marxili
mudmivi
siCqariT
moZraobs, misi aCqareba nulis tolia.
(a)
2. aCqarebas Tovlidan marxilze moqmedi f k

kinetikuri xaxunis Zala uSlis xels.
3. marxilis aCqarebisa da masze moqmedi

Zalebis
dakavSireba
kanoniT SeiZleba ( Ft
niutonis
= ma ).
meore
marxili da tvirTi
6.4b suraTze naCvenebia marxilze moqmedi
Fg mizidulobis
Zala da
Tovlis zedapiridan moqmedi FN drekadobis

Zalebi, maT Soris
(b)
Zala. am ZalebisTvis niutonis meore kanoni

(imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom

a =0) gvaZlevs:

(6.5)
6.5 formulas pirdapir T -sTvis ver amovxsniT,

vinaidan sxva veqtorebi ar viciT. maSasadame,
es formula 6.4b suraTze gamosaxuli x da
sur. 6.4. a) qali datvirTul marxils Tovlian

zedapirze mudmivi siCqariT miacurebs;
b) datvirTuli marxilisTvis Tavisufali sxeulis
grafiki.
173

y RerZebis gaswvrivi komponentisTvis unda
FNdrekadobis Zalis sididezea damokidebuli.
Caiweros:
T x +0+0f k =0
maSasadame, SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisTvis
FN-sa da T-s Soris kavSiri unda davadginoT.
anu
amoxsna: 6.2 formulidan gamomdinare fk sidide
Tcos k F N =0
(6.6)
am formulaSi 6.2 formulis gamoyenebiT fk-s

nacvlad kFN CavsviT. y RerZisTvis gveqneba:
Ty +F N F g +0=0
es kavSiri 6.7 formuliT gamoisaxeba. 6.7

formula Semdegi saxiT gadavweroT:
F N=mgTsin
rom T-s
yuradReba
Tsin +F N mg=0,
sadac Fg-is nacvlad mg CavsviT.

(6.7)
6.6 da 6.7 formulebSi ori ucnobia - T da FN.
Tovlidan marxilze moqmedi maRla mimarTuli

Zala naklebia). vinaidan fk=kFN , amitom fk
mcirdeba.
T-s dasadgenad jer 6.6 formula FN-sTvis
sakontrolo
unda amovxsnaT da Semdeg miRebuli Sedegi 6.7
gamosaxul yuTze 10n sididis
formulaSi CavsvaT:
moqmedebs, magram
Semdeg
k mg
T=
cos+ksin
(0,1)(75kg)(9,8m/w2)
=
cos42 +(0,1)(sin42)
= 91 n
gazrdis
SemTxvevaSi FN mcirdeba (Tokis moqaCvisas
anu
(6.8)
miaqcieT,
F2
wertili
yuTi
vertikaluri
2.
suraTze
F1 Zala
uZravia.
Zala
amis
zrdas
iwyebs. vidre yuTi gasrialdeba, a) yuTze

moqmedi xaxunis Zala, b) zedapiridan
(pasuxi)
b) Tu qali Toks ufro Zlierad eqaCeba da
T Zala 91n-ze metia, fk xaxunis Zala metia,

naklebia Tu igive?
yuTze moqmedi drekadobis Zala da g)

yuTze moqmedi statikuri xaxunis Zalis
fs,max maqsimaluri mniSvneloba izrdeba,

mcirdeba
Tu
igive rCeba?

6.5a suraTze naCvenebia kuTxiT daxrili
6.3
moneta
wigni da masze uZravad mdebare m masis

moneta. kuTxis 13-mde gazrdisas mone
ta
Camosrialebis
zRvarzea
anu
am
kuTxis umniSvnelod gazrdac ki monetis
(a)
Camosrialebas gamoiwvevs. risi tolia wignsa

da monetas Soris s
statikuri xaxunis
koeficienti?
amoxsna: wigns rom xaxunisgan Tavisufali
moneta
zedapiri hqondes, moneta nebismieri daxris

SemTxvevaSi
Camosrialdeboda,
vinaidan
masze mizidulobis Zala moqmedebs. aqedan

gamomdinare,
fs
monetaze
xaxunis
Zala
moqmedebs da mis moZraobas xels uSlis.

garda amisa, vinaidan moneta Camosrialebis
zRvarzea, xaxunis Zalis sidide maqsimaluria
da
mimarTulia
gaswvriv.
6.1
maRla,
wigniszedapiris
formulidan
gamomdinare
fs,max=sFN , sadac FN aris wignidan monetaze

moqmedi
drekadobis
Zala.
gvaZlevs:
fs=fs,max= sFN ,
zemoTqmuli
(b)
sur. 6.5. a) wignze mdebare moneta Camosrialebis

zRvarzea. b) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki mone
tisTvis. naCvenebia monetaze moqmedi sami Zala. Fg

mizidulobis Zala daSlilia x da y RerZebis gaswvriv
komponentebad da maTi mimarTulebebi amocanis
amoxsnas amartivebs. Fgsin komponenti monetas
Camosrialebisken ubiZgebs.
Fgcos komponenti
monetas wignze aCerebs.
174
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 6
komponentebisTvis CavweroT. Fg-s nacvlad mg
saidanac viRebT:
f
s= s
FN

am
formulis
(6.9)
fs
gamoTvlisTvis
FN
da
CavsvaT da x RerZisTvis miviRebT:
fs + 0 mgsin =0
anu
mniSvnelobebi gvesaWiroeba. gavixsenoT, rom
moneta Camosrialebis zRvarzea, uZravia da
y RerZisTvis gveqneba:
0 + FN mgcos = 0
misi
a aCqareba nulis tolia. aCqareba da
monetaze moqmedi Zalebi niutonis meore

kanonis saSualebiT SegviZlia erTmaneTTan
davakavSiroT.
6.5b
suraTze
gamosaxulia
Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki monetisTvis
da Cans, rom monetaze f s xaxunis Zala,
FN drekadobis Zala da mg sididis Fg

mizidulobis Zala moqmedebs. niutonis meore
kanonidan gamomdinare gvaqvs:

fs da FN
f s + FN + Fg =0
(6.10)
sidideebis gamoTvlisTvis, 6.10
formula 6.5b suraTze gamosaxuli koor

dinatTa sistemis x da y RerZebis gaswvrivi
fs = mgsin
(6.11)
anu
FN = mgcos
(6.12)
6.11 da 6.12 formulebi 6.9 formulaSi CavsvaT

da miviRebT:
s=
mgsin
,
mgcos
(6.13)
saidanac gamomdinareobs, rom:
s=tg13=0,23
(pasuxi)
s-is misaRebad kuTxis gazomva saWiro ar

aris. Tqven SegiZliaT 6.5a suraTze naCvenebi
ori sigrZe gazomoT da Semdeg 6.13 formulaSi
tg-s nacvlad h/d CasvaT.
6.4. wevis Zala da saboloo siCqare

yvelaferi, rasac dineba SeuZlia, siTxea, iqneba es airi
Tu
Txevadi
Soris
nivTiereba.
fardobiTi
rodesac
siCqare
siTxesa
arsebobs
da
(sxeuli
sxeuls
moZraobs
siTxeSi an siTxe sxeulSi gadis), sxeulze fardobiTi

moZraobis sawinaaRmdego da sxeulisadmi siTxis moZraobis
mimarTulebis
Cven
D wevis Zala moqmedebs.
ganvixilavT
mxolod
iseT
SemTxvevebs,
rodesac
siTxe haeria, sxeuli blagvia (beisbolis burTiviT) da

ara pirwamaxuli (xelSubiviT), xolo fardobiTi moZraoba
imdenad swrafia, rom sxeulis ukan haeri turbulenturi
xdeba. aseT dros
erTmaneTs
D wevis Zala da fardobiTi siCqare
eqsperimentulad
gansazRvruli
wevis
sur. 6.6. moTxilamure ikuzeba,

kvercxis formas iRebs da misi ganivi
kveTis faqtiuri farTobi mcirdeba,
rac masze moqmedi haeris wevis Zalis
Semcirebas iwvevs.
koeficientis saSualebiT ukavSirdebian:
D= 1 CA 2 ,
2
(6.14)
sadac aris haeris simkvrive (masa moculobis erTeulze), xolo A - sxeulis ganivi
kveTis faqtiuri farTobi (
siCqaris perpendikularuli ganivi kveTis farTobi). C wevis
koeficientis mniSvneloba 0,4-dan 1-mde meryeobs da mocemuli sxeulisTvis mudmivi ar aris.

siCqaris mniSvnelovnad Secvlis dros C-s mniSvnelobac SeiZleba Seicvalos, Tumca Cven amgvar
garTulebebs mxedvelobaSi ar viRebT.
moTxilamureebma kargad ician, rom wevis Zala A-sa da 2-zea damokidebuli. maRali siCqaris
ganviTarebisTvis moTxilamure `kvercxis formas~ iRebs da A-s Semcirebis Sedegad D-sac
amcirebs.
6.4. wevis Zala da saboloo siCqare
175
D wevis Zala
rodesac blagvi sxeuli haerSi vardeba,
maRlaa mimarTuli. misi sidide sxeulis siCqaris zrdasTan

erTad TandaTanobiT izrdeba. maRla mimarTuli
qvemoT mimarTul
D Zala
Fg mizidulobis Zalas ewinaaRmdegoba. am
Zalebis da sxeulis aCqarebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba kvlav

niutonis meore kanoniT SeiZleba, romelic y vertikaluri
RerZisTvis Semdegi saxiT Caiwereba:
(a)
(b)
(g)
sur. 6.7. haerSi vardnil sxeulze

moqmedi Zalebi a) vardnis dawyebisas
da b) odnav mogvianebiT, wevis Zalis
gaCenisas. g) wevis Zala izrdeba da
sxeulze moqmed mizidulobis Zalas
awonasworebs. amis Semdeg sxeuli
mudmivi siCqariT ecema.
D Fg = ma ,
(6.15)
sadac m aris sxeulis masa. 6.7 suraTze Cans, rom xangrZlivi

vardnis SemTxvevaSi D gautoldeba Fg-s. 6.15 formulidan
gamomdinare es niSnavs, rom a=0 da sxeulis siCqare aRar
izrdeba. amis Semdeg sxeulis siCqare mudmivia da mas t

saboloo siCqare aqvs.
t - s gamoTvlisTvis 6.15 formulaSi a=0 CavsvaT da 6.14

formulidan D aviRoT:
1 CA 2
t
2
Fg = 0
es formula gvaZlevs:

(6.16)
6.1 cxrilSi mocemulia t -s mniSvnelobebi zogierTi sagnisTvis.
cxrili
6.1
cxrili 6.1. saboloo siCqareebi haerSi

saboloo siCqare (m/wm)
manZilis 95% (m)a
paraSutisti paraSutis gaxsnamde
145
60
2500
430
beisbolis burTi
42
210
CogburTis burTi
31
115
kalaTburTis burTi
20
47
magidis CogburTis burTi
10
wvimis wveTi (1,5 mm radiusis)
7
5
6
3
sagani
tyvia
paraSutisti gaxsnili paraSutiT

a
es aris manZili, romelic sxeulma unda gaiaros saboloo siCqaris 95%-is ganviTarebisTvis.
6.14 formulaze dafuZnebuli gamoTvlebis mixedviT, katam daaxloebiT eqvsi sarTuli

unda ifrinos, raTa saboloo siCqare ganaviTaros. manamde Fg>D da qvemoT mimarTuli Zalis
moqmedebis Sedegad kata Cqardeba. meore paragrafidan gavixsenoT, rom Tqveni sxeuli aCqarebas
grZnobs da ara siCqares. vinaidan katac igives ganicdis, mas eSinia, fexebs da Tavs Sekecavs,
zurgs amozniqavs, A-s amcirebs, xolo t-s zrdis, rac dazianebis safrTxes ufro realurs xdis.
miuxedavad amisa, xangrZlivi vardnis SemTxvevaSi kata t siCqares ganaviTarebs, aCqareba qreba
da moSvebuli cxoveli saxsrebSi iSleba (am dros kata ciyvs emsgavseba). am dros A farTobi da
6.14 formulidan gamomdinare D wevac izrdeba. vinaidan D>Fg, kata Senelebas iwyebs da axal,
ufro mcire t siCqares iZens. saboloo siCqaris Semcireba miwaze daSvebisas dazianebis safrTxes
amcirebs. miwaze daSvebamde kata kvlav kecavs fexebs, raTa dacemisTvis moemzados.
176
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 6
paraSutistebi xSirad Zalian didi simaRlidan xtebian.

1987 wels, paraSutistma gregori robinsonma SeniSna,
rom ufro qvemoT mfrinavi debi viliamsi mesame
paraSutists Seejaxa, goneba dakarga da paraSuts ver
xsnida. 4km simaRlidan momavalma robertsonma Tavi
qvemoT mimarTa, raTa A Semcirebuliyo, xolo qvemoT
mimarTuli siCqare maqsimaluri gamxdariyo. SeiZina
ra 320km/sT saboloo siCqare, man viliamss xeli staca
da gaSlilfrTebiani arwivis forma miiRo, raTa D
gazrdiliyo da viliamsis xelSi daWera SesaZlebeli
yofiliyo. dacemamde 10 wamiT adre robertsonma
viliamsis paraSuti gaxsna, Semdeg mas xeli gauSva da
sur. 6.8. paraSutisti gaSlilfrTebiani

arwivis formas iRebs, raTa haeris weva
maqsimaluri gaxdes
dacemamde 10 wamiT adre sakuTari paraSutis gaxsnac

moaswro. ugonod myofma viliamsma sakmaod mZime dazianebebi miiRo, magram gadarCa.

simaRlidan
Camovardnili
kata
97km/sT
saboloo siCqares iZens, Semdeg saxsrebSi

iSleba da A ormagdeba. risi toli iqneba axali
6.4
saboloo siCqarea t0 da tn, xolo ganivi kveTis
sawyisi da axali farTobia A0 da An, maSin 6.16

formula gvaZlevs:
saboloo siCqare?
amoxsna:
6.16
formulis
Tanaxmad,
katis
saboloo siCqare cxovelis ganivi kveTis A

farTobzea damokidebuli. Tu sawyisi da axali
es niSnavs, rom tn0,7 to anu axali saboloo

siCqare daaxloebiT 68 km/sT-ia.
6.5
R=1,5mm radiusis wvimis wveTi dedamiwidan

h=1200m simaRleze myofi Rrublidan ecema.
wveTisTvis wevis koeficienti C aris 0,6.
1) Fg=mg, sadac m aris wveTis masa; 2) wvimis
dauSviT, rom wvimis wveTi sferos formisaa.
w=m/V. maSasadame:L
wylis w simkvrivea 1000kg/m3, xolo haeris a

simkvrivea 1,2kg/m3.
wveTis moculobaa V=3 R3 da 3) wveTSi wylis

4
simkvrive masaa moculobis erTeulze anu
Fg = Vwg = 3 R3wg
4
zemoT miRebuli formula, A-s gamosaxuleba
a) risi tolia wveTis saboloo siCqare?

amoxsna: wvimis wveTi saboloo t siCqares
maSin SeiZens, rodesac mizidulobis Zala da
da monacemebi 6.16 formulaSi CavsvaT. a haeris

simkvrive da w wylis simkvrive erTmaneTSi ar
avurioT da miviRebT:
haeris wevis Zala erTmaneTs gaawonasworebs

da
aCqareba
nulis
toli
gaxdeba.
amis
Semdeg, niutonis meore kanonis da wevis

Zalis formulis daxmarebiT t-s gamoTvla
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba, magram 6.16 formula
yvelafers amartivebs.
6.16 formulis gamoyenebisTvis wvimis wveTis
ganivi kveTis faqtiuri A farTobi da Fg
mizidulobis Zala gvWirdeba. vinaidan wveTi
sferos formisaa, wris A farTobia (R2),
romlis radiusi sferos radiusis tolia.
Fg-s gamoTvlisTvis gamoviyenoT sami faqti:
=
= 7,4 m/w 27 km/sT
yuradReba
Rrublis
miaqcieT,
simaRle
ar
(pasuxi)
rom
gamoTvlebSi
dagvWirvebia.
6.1
cxrilidan gamomdinare, wvimis wveTi saboloo

siCqares ramdenime metris gavlis Semdeg
iZens.
177
b) ra siCqare eqneba dacemamde wvimis wveTs

wevis Zalis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi?
amoxsna: Tu vardnisas wevis Zala wveTis
siCqares
ar
amcirebs,
is
Tavisufali
vardnis aCqarebiT imoZravebs da 2.1 cxrilSi

moyvanili formulebi gamosadegi gaxdeba.
vinaidan viciT, rom aCqareba g-s tolia, sawyisi
siCqare nulia da xx0 gadaadgileba h-ia, -s
gamoTvlisTvis 2.16 formula gamoviyenoT:
=153 m/w 550 km/sT

sakontrolo
wertili
3.
(pasuxi)
dedamiwis
zedapirTan axlos wvimis didi wveTebis

siCqare mcire wveTebis siCqareze metia,
naklebia Tu igivea? dauSviT, rom wvimis
yvela wveTi sferos formisaa da maTi
wevis koeficientebic Tanabaria.

4.7 paragrafidan gaixseneT, rom rodesac sxeuli wreze (an wriul rkalze moZraobs) mudmivi
siCqariT moZraobs, amgvar moZraobas Tanabarwriuli moZraoba ewodeba. am dros sxeuls
centriskenuli (wris centrisken mimarTuli) aCqareba aqvs, romlis sididea:
a=
2
R
(centriskenuli aCqareba),
(6.17)
sadac R aris wris radiusi.

modiT Tanabari wriuli moZraobis ori magaliTi ganvixiloT:
1. moZraoba manqaniT. Tqven manqanis ukana savarZlis centrSi zixarT da manqana swor gzaze
mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs. Semdeg mZRoli marcxniv uxvevs da wriul rkals Semowers. am dros
Tqven savarZlis marjvena mxareze gacurdebiT da mTeli mosaxvevis ganmavlobaSi fanjaras
aekrobiT. ra aris amis mizezi?
rodesac manqana wriul rkals Semowers, is Tanabarwriulad moZraobs. es niSnavs, rom manqanas
wris centrisken mimarTuli aCqareba aqvs. niutonis meore kanonidan gamomdinare, aCqarebas
Zala iwvevs. garda amisa, es Zala mimarTulia wris centrisken da maSasadame centriskenulia.
moyvanil magaliTSi centriskenuli Zala gzidan saburavebze moqmedi xaxunis Zalaa.
Tu manqanasTan erTad Tanabar wriul moZraobas ganicdiT, maSin centriskenuli Zala Tqvenzec
moqmedebs. savarZlidan Tqvenze moqmedi xaxunis Zala ar aris sakmarisad didi, raTa manqanasTan
erTad wriulad imoZraoT. aqedan gamomdinare, savarZeli Tqvens qvemoT curdeba da manqanis
marjvena fanjaras ejaxebiT. Semdeg fanjridan miRebuli biZgi saWiro centriskenul Zalas
qmnis da Tqven manqanis Tanabar wriul moZraobas uerTdebiT.
2. dedamiwis garSemo moZraoba. amjerad warmoidgineT, rom kosmosur xomald atlantisis

mgzavri xarT da dedamiwis garSemo moZraobisas kabinaSi tivtivebT. ra aris amis mizezi?
kosmosuri xomaldi da Tqven Tanabar wriul moZraobas asrulebT da wris centrisken mi
marTuli aCqarebebi gaqvT. niutonis meore kanonidan gamomdinare, am aCqarebebs centris
kenuli Zalebi iwveven. amjerad centriskenuli Zala dedamiwidan moqmedi mizidulobaa,
romelic dedamiwis centrisken aris mimarTuli.
orive zemoT moyvanil SemTxvevaSi, Tqven Tanabrwriulad moZraobT da Tqvenze centris
kenuli Zala moqmedebs, Tumca SegrZnebebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebulia. manqanaSi jdomis dros
fanjaras ekrobiT da Zalas grZnobT, xolo kosmosuri xomaldSi Zalis SegrZneba ar arsebobs.
ratom xdeba ase?
amgvari gansxvaveba ori centriskenuli Zalis bunebiTaa gamowveuli. manqanaSi centriskenuli
Zala Tqveni sxeulis im nawils waubiZgebs, romelic fanjaras ekroba, xolo kosmosur xomaldSi
178
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 6
centriskenuli Zala dedamiwis mizidulobaa da is Tqveni

sxeulis yvela atomze moqmedebs. swored amitom sxeulis
arc erTi nawili masze moqmed Zalas ar SeigrZnobs (amgvar
mdgomareobas ùwonoba~ ewodeba, Tumca dasaxeleba ar
niSnavs, rom dedamiwa Tqvenze ar moqmedebs).
centriskenuli Zalis kidev erTi magaliTi 6.9 suraTzea
naCvenebi. hokeis Saiba mudmivi siCqariT wriulad moZraobs
da
masze
mibmuli
Toki
wris
centrzea
damagrebuli.
centriskenuli Zala radialurad centriskenaa mimarTuli

da Tokidan Saibaze moqmedebs. am Zalis gareSe Saiba wrfivad
gasrialdeboda da wreze ar imoZravebda.
yuradReba
miaqcieT,
rom
centriskenuli
Zala
ar
aris Zalis axali saxeoba. saxelwodeba ubralod Zalis

mimarTulebas asaxavs. centriskenuli Zala SeiZleba iyos
xaxunis Zala, mizidulobis Zala, manqanis fanjridan an
sur. 6.9. horizontalur, xaxunisgan
Tavisufal zedapirze R radiusis

wriuli traeqtoriiT da mudmivi
siCqariT moZravi hokeis Saibis
zed
xedi. Saibaze Tokidan T centri

skenuli Zala moqmedebs, romelic
mimarTulia Saibaze gamavali r ra
dialuri RerZis gaswvriv.
Tokidan moqmedi Zala da saerTod nebismieri saxis Zala. yvela SemTxvevaSi:

centriskenuli Zala sxeulis veqtoruli siCqaris da ara skalaruli siCqaris
mimarTulebas cvlis da ase aCqarebs sxeuls.
niutonis meore kanonidan da 6.17 formulidan (a = 2 /R) gamomdinare, centriskenuli Zalis F
sididea:
F=m
2
R
(6.18)
(centriskenuli Zalis sidide)
vinaidan siCqarea mudmivia, Zalis da aCqarebis sidideebic mudmivebia.

centriskenuli aCqarebis da Zalis mimarTuleba mudmivi ar aris. is sinusoidalurad icvleba
da yovelTvis wris centrisken aris mimarTuli. swored amitom, Zalis da aCqarebis veqtorebs
xSirad gamosaxaven r radialuri RerZis gaswvriv, romelic sxeulTan erTad moZraobs da 6.9
suraTis msgavsad wris centridan sxeulisken aris gadaWimuli. RerZi mimarTulia radiusis
gaswvriv centridan wrewirisaken, xolo aCqarebis da Zalis veqtori radialurad SigniT aris
mimarTuli.

igori saerTaSoriso kosmosuri sadguris
kosmonavtia. sadguri h=520km simaRleze
=7,6km/wm
mudmivi
siCqariT
dedamiwis
garSemo wriul orbitaze moZraobs. igoris m

masaa 79kg.
6.6
(7,6 103 m/w)2
6,37 106 m + 0,52 106 m
= 8,38 m/w2 8,4 m/w2
(pasuxi)
miRebuli pasuxi igoris yofnis simaRleze

Tavisufali vardnis aCqarebaa. Tu igori
a) risi tolia igoris aCqareba?

amoxsna: igori Tanabarwriulad moZraobs da,
maSasadame, 6.17 formuliT (a = 2/R) mocemuli
centriskenuli aCqareba aqvs. misi moZraobis
radiusia RE+h,
sadac RE
aris dedamiwis
radiusi (6,37 106 m). aqedan gamomdinare:
a=
2
2
=
R
RE + h
am
simaRleze
asvlis
ar
imoZravebs,
is
Semdeg
dedamiwis
orbitaze
centrisken
vardnas daiwyebs da misi aCqarebis sawyisi

mniSvneloba zemoT miRebuli pasuxis toli
iqneba. gansxvaveba imaSia, rom igori drois
nebismier
momentSi
traeqtoriis
mxebis
mimarTulebiTac moZraobs, vardnasTan erTad

gverdiTac
gadaadgildeba
da
dedamiwis
garSemo mrud traeqtorias Semowers.
179

b) ra ZaliT moqmedebs dedamiwa igorze?

amoxsna:
Tanabarwriuli
moZraobis
gamo
igorze centriskenuli Zala moqmedebs. es

Zala dedamiwidan moqmedi
romelic
brunvis
Fg mizidulobaa,
centrisken
(dedamiwis
centrisken) aris mimarTuli. niutonis meore

kanonidan gamomdinare, am Zalis sididea:
Fg = ma = (79 kg)(8,38 m/wm2)

= 662n 660n
(pasuxi)
Tu igori h=520km simaRlis koSkze dadgeba,
sasworis Cveneba 660n iqneba, magram orbitaze
moZraobisas saswori da igori Tavisufal
vardnas erTdroulad ganicdian, kosmonavtis
fexi saswors ar awveba da Sesabamisad Cvenebac
nulia.
6.7
1901 wels Semdgari sacirko warmodgenisas,

alo
diavolom
rgolis
formis
trasaze
velosipediT gaiara (sur. 6.10a). davuSvaT

rgoli R=2,7m radiusis wre iyo. ra umciresi
siCqare unda hqonoda diavolos rgolis zeda
nawilSi, raTa qvemoT ar Camovardniliyo?
amoxsna: diavolos triuki warmovidginoT,
rogorc nivTieri wertilis Tanabari wriuli
moZraoba rgolSi. aqedan gamomdinare, rgolis
zeda nawilSi nivTier wertils 6.17 formuliT
mocemuli
a aCqareba aqvs, romelic rgolis
centrisken aris mimarTuli.

rgolis
zeda
nawilze
yofnisas
nivTier
wertilze moqmedi Zalebi 6.10b suraTze

gamosaxul Tavisufali sxeulis grafikzea
Fg mizidulobis Zala
da rgolidan
nivTier wertilze moqmedi FN drekadobis
naCvenebi.
Zala y RerZis gaswvriv, qvemoTaa mimarTuli.
niutonis meore kanoni y komponentebisTvis

gvaZlevs:
FN Fg = m(a)
da
rodesac
FN mg = m(2/R)
wertils
rgolTan
sur. 6.10. a) diavolos reklama da b) Tavisufali
(6.19)
sxeulis grafiki cirkis msaxiobisTvis.
kontaqtis
SenarCunebisTvis saWiro umciresi siCqare

aqvs, is rgolidan Camovardnis zRvarzea anu
velosipedis
FN=0. 6.19 formulaSi FN=0 CavsvaT, -sTvis
Camovardnis Tavidan acilebisTvis mxolod
amovxsnaT da Semdeg cnobili monacemebi
zemoT
SevitanoT:
saWiro.
= 5,1 m/w
masas
miRebuli
mniSvneloba
siCqaris
ar
aqvs,
gadaWarbebaa
sakontrolo wertili 4. èSmakis bor

(pasuxi)
balze mudmivi siCqariT moZraobisas ra
rgolis zeda nawilSi 5,1m/wm-ze meti iqneboda
a aCqarebas da Tqvenze
moqmed FN drekadobis Zalas, rodesac
da Camovardnis safrTxe ar daemuqreboda.
a) umaRles wertils da b) udables wertils
yuradReba miaqcieT, rom diavolos da misi
CauvliT?
diavolo winaswar darwmunda, rom misi siCqare
mimarTuleba eqneba
180
Tavi 6
Zala da moZraoba
6.8
atraqcionebis gamobrZmedili moyvarulebic

ki fiTrdebian rotoris gagonebaze, romelic
sakuTari
centraluri
RerZis
garSemo
mrbunavi, didi, carieli cilindria (sur. 6.11).

atraqcionis dawyebamde adamiani cilindris
gverdiTi karidan Sedis da tiloTi dafarul
kedelTan
dgeba.
karebis
CaketvisTanave
cilindri brunvas iwyebs, xolo adamiani,

kedeli da iataki masTan erTad moZraobs.
garkveuli siCqaris ganviTarebis Semdeg iataki
uecrad vardeba, xolo cilindri brunvas
ganagrZobs.
gasaocaria,
magram
adamiani
dacemis nacvlad kedels ekroba, TiTqos

raRac uxilavi Zala akeTebs amas. mogvianebiT
iataki Tavis adgilze brundeba da cilindris
brunvac neldeba.
davuSvaT adamianis tansacmelsa da tilos
sur. 6.11. rotori gasarTob parkSi. naCvenebia
adamianze moqmedi Zalebi. centriskenuli Zala FN

drekadobis Zalaa, romliTac kedeli adamianze
moqmedebs.
Cven gvWirdeba siCqare, rodesac adamiani
Soris s statikuri xaxunis koeficientia 0,4,
dabla Cavardnis zRvarzea.
xolo cilindris R radiusia 2,1m.
Tavdapirvelad adamianze gamavali y verti
a) ra minimaluri siCqare unda hqondeT
kaluri RerZi gavavloT da Semdeg niutonis
cilindrsa da adamians, raTa iatakis gamoclis

Semdeg adamiani dabla ar Cavardes?
amoxsna: Tavdapirvelad davsvaT SekiTxva:
`ra Zala icavs adamians Cavardnisgan da
rogor ukavSirdeba es Zala siCqares, rodesac
adamiani
cilindris
centraluri
RerZis
garSemo wriulad moZraobs?. am SekiTxvaze
meore kanoni y komponentebisTvis Semdegi

saxiT CavweroT:
fs mg = m(0),
sadac m aris adamianis masa, xolo mg _
Zalis sidide. am formulaSi fs-is nacvlad
sFN maqsimaluri mniSvneloba CavsvaT da

miviRebT:
sFN mg = 0
pasuxis gasacemad sami faqti moviSvelioT:
1. adamianze moqmedi Fg mizidulobis Zala

mis qvemoT Cagdebas cdilobs, magram
am Zalas kedlidan moqmedi da maRla
mimarTuli xaxunis Zala ewinaaRmdegeba.
2. Tu adamiani Cavardnis zRvarzea, maRla

mimarTuli Zala sFN maqsimaluri mniS
vnelobis mqone
f s statikuri xaxunis
Zalaa, sadac FN aris cilindridan adamianze
Fg
anu
mg
FN =
s
(6.20)
Semdeg adamianze gamavali r radialuri RerZi

gavavloT da niutonis meore kanoni am RerZis
gaswvrivi komponentebisTvis CavweroT:
( R )
FN = m
(6.21)
FN-is nacvlad 6.20 formulis Casma da -sTvis

amoxsna mogvcems:
moqmedi drekadobis Zala.
3. drekadobis Zala cilindris centraluri

RerZisken horizontaluradaa mimarTuli
da, maSasadame, centriskenuli Zalaa, rac
wriuli traeqtoriiT moZraobs iwvevs.
centriskenuli aCqarebaa a=2/R da Zala
wris centriskenaa mimarTuli.
= 7,17 m/w 7,2 m/w
(pasuxi)
yuradReba miaqcieT, rom pasuxi adamianis

masaze damokidebuli ar aris da sumoistidan
dawyebuli
patara
bavSviT
damTavrebuli
yvelas SeuZlia rotoriT garToba.
181

b) Tu adamianis masaa 49kg, ra centriskenuli
nebis mizezi is aris, rom adamiani aTvlis
Zala moqmedebs masze?
arainerciuli
amoxsna: 6.21 formulis Tanaxmad:

(7,17 m/w)2
2
FN = m
= (49 kg)
2,1 m
R
1200 n
sistemaa
da
am
sistemidan
gazomili Zala realuri ar aris.

sakontrolo wertili 5. Tu rotori
(pasuxi)
es Zala mimarTulia centraluri RerZisken,

magram adamians iseTi SegrZneba aqvs, TiTqos
masze moqmedi Zala radialurad centridan
moSorebiT aris mimarTuli. amgvari SegrZ
Tavdapirvelad arCavardnisTvis saWiro

minimaluri siCqariT moZraobs da Semdeg
Cqardeba, a)
f s -is, b) FN -is da g) fs,max-is
mniSvnelobebi izrdeba, mcirdeba Tu ar

icvleba?
6.9
6.12a suraTze gamosaxuli, m=600kg masis

bolidi R=100m radiusis wriul, brtyel
trasaze moZraobs. bolidis formisa da masze
damagrebuli frTebis gamo haeri qvemoT
mimarTuli
FL uaryofiTi weviT moqmedebs.
saburavebsa da trasas Soris statikuri xaxunis
0,75 (dauSviT, rom oTxive
koeficientia
(a)
saburavze moqmedi Zalebi identurebia).

a) Tu bolidi mosaxvevSi mocurebis zRvarzea,
rodesac misi siCqare 28,6m/wm-s aRwevs, ra
sididisaa FL ?
amoxsna: Cven
FL vertikaluri Zala bolidis
(b)
sur. 6.12. a) bolidi brtyel, uswormasworo

trasaze
mudmivi siCqariT gadaadgildeba. f s xaxunis Zala r
radialuri RerZis gaswvriv mimarTul centriskenul

Zalas uzrunvelyofs. b) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki
bolidisTvis.
wriul horizontalur moZraobas da im faqts

unda davukavSiroT, rom bolidi mocurebis
es Zala simrudis centridan manqanis gavliT
zRvarzea.
gadaWimuli r radialuri RerZis uaryofiTi
Tavdapirvelad
moZraobasTan
horizontalur
dakavSirebuli
oTxi
faqti
mimarTulebisaa da 2/R sididis centriskenul
CamovweroT:
aCqarebas iwvevs. Zalasa da aCqarebas Soris
1. bolidze centriskenuli Zala moqmedebs,
kavSiri r RerZis gaswvrivi komponentebisTvis
vinaidan is wriul rkalze moZraobs. es
niutonis meore kanonis Caweris saSualebiT
Zala rkalis simrudis centrisken aris
davadginoT:
mimarTuli.
2. bolidze moqmedi erTaderTi horizon

taluri Zala trasidan saburavebze moqmedi
xaxunis Zalaa. maSasadame, centriskenuli
Zala xaxunis Zalaa.
3. vinaidan bolidi ar curdeba, xaxunis Zala
f s statikuri xaxunis Zalaa (sur. 6.12a).

4. bolidi mocurebis zRvarzea, amitom fs
Zalis mniSvnelobaa fs,max=sFN, sadac FN aris
trasidan bolidze moqmedi drekadobis
Zala.
6.12b
( R )
fs = m
(6.22)
fs-is nacvlad fs,max=sFN CavsvaT da miviRebT:

sFN = m
( R )
2
(6.23)
amis Semdeg bolidze moqmedi vertikaluri

Zalebi
ganvixiloT.
6.12b
suraTze,
FN
RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebisken. Fg = mg
mizidulobis Zala da FL uaryofiTi weva

drekadobis
Zala
mimarTulia
maRla,
mimarTula qvemoT. y RerZis gaswvriv bolidis

aCqareba nulia, amitom y RerZis gaswvrivi
suraTze
gamosaxul Tavisufali
sxeulis grafikze f s xaxunis Zalaa naCvenebi.
komponentebisTvis niutonis meore kanoni ase

SeiZleba Caiweros:
182
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 6
FN mg FL = 0
ZAalis Sefardeba ukve miRebul FL wevis Zalaze
FN = mg + FL
anu
(6.24)
(=28,6m/wm siCqareze) Semdegia:
(90 m/w)2
FL,90
=
(28,6 m/w)2
FL
amjerad SegviZlia ori RerZisTvis miRebuli

Sedegi gavaerTianoT. amisTvis 6.23 formulaSi
FN-is nacvlad 6.24 formula CavsvaT da FLsTvis amovxsnaT:
FL = m

2
g
sR
= (600 kg)
CavsvaT FL=663,7n da FL,90-sTvis amovxsnaT:
FL,90 = 6572 n 6600 n
(pasuxi)
aris Tu ara amgvari uaryofiTi weva sakmarisi
(28,6 m/w)2
9,8 m/w2
(0,75)(100 m)
= 663,7 n 660 n
(pasuxi)
bolidis Werze gatarebisTvis? Tavdapirvelad

gaviTvaliswinoT,
rom
bolidze
moqmedi
mizidulobis Zalaa
Fg = mg = (600 kg)(9,8 m/wm2)
b) uaryofiTi wevis FL sidide da wevis Zala
bolidis siCqaris kvadratzea damokidebuli
bolidis amotrialebis SemTxvevaSi uaryofiTi
(6.14 formula). maSasadame, uaryofiTi weva
weva 6600n sididis maRla mimarTuli Zalaa.
metia, rodesac manqana swrafad moZraobs.
es Zala 5880n sididis qvemoT mimarTul
ra sididisaa uaryofiTi weva 90m/wm siCqaris

SemTxvevaSi?
mizidulobis Zalas aWarbebs. maSasadame, bo

lids Teoriulad SeuZlia amotrialebulad
amoxsna: FL proporciulia -is. maSasadame,

2
=90m/wm siCqareze FL,90
uaryofiTi wevis

trasis
=5880 n.
mosaxveviani
nawili
gadaadgileba, Tu misi siCqare daaxloebiT
90m/wm-ia (324km/sT).
6.10
yovelTvis
daxrilia, raTa manqana ar mocurdes. mSral

amindSi saburavebsa da gzis safars Soris
moqmedi
xaxunis
Zala
mocurebas
xels
uSlis, magram wvimian amindSi xaxunis Zala

SesaZloa umniSvnelo gaxdes da am SemTxvevaSi
trasis daxra aucilebelia. 6.13a suraTze
(a)
gamosaxulia R=190m radiusis wriul, daxril

trasaze =20m/wm mudmivi siCqariT moZravi m
masis manqana (es manqana sportuli ar aris da
amitom haeridan moqmedi vertikaluri Zala
umniSvneloa). Tu trasidan moqmedi xaxunis
Zala umniSvneloa, ra kuTxiT daxraa saWiro
mocurebis Tavidan asacileblad?
amoxsna:
manqana
wriuli
traeqtoriiT
(b)
moZraobs da amitom masze centriskenuli

Zala moqmedebs. am SemTxvevaSi trasa daxrilia
da manqanaze moqmedi
FN drekadobis Zala
wris centrisken aris gadaxrili (sur. 6.13b).

aqedan gamomdinare,
FN Zalas FNr sididis
centriskenuli komponenti aqvs, romelic r
radialuri RerZis gaswvriv, SigniTken aris

mimarTuli. Cven unda davadginoT daxris
kuTxis sidide, rodesac centriskenuli
sur. 6.13. a) manqana wriul, daxril trasaze

mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs. daxris kuTxe sicxadis
mizniT gadidebulia. b) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki
manqanisTvis. daSvebulia, rom saburavebsa da trasas
Soris moqmedi xaxuni nulia da manqanaze uaryofiTi
weva ar moqmedebs. drekadobis Zalis radialurad
SigniTken mimarTuli (r radialuri RerZis gaswvriv)
FNr komponenti saWiro centriskenul Zalas da
radialur aCqarebas uzrunvelyofs.
183

komponenti, xaxunis aucileblobis gareSe,
xolo y RerZis gaswvriv manqanis aCqareba nulis
manqanas wris formis trasaze Seakavebs.
tolia. yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare,
6.13b suraTidan Cans, rom vertikalsa da
y RerZis gaswvrivi komponentebisTvis niuto
FN Zalas Soris kuTxe trasis daxris
nis meore kanoni aseT saxes iRebs:
kuTxis tolia. maSasasadame, FNr radialuri

komponenti FNsin-is tolia. amis Semdeg r
FN cos mg = m(0)
RerZis gaswvrivi komponentebisTvis niutonis
meore kanoni Semdegi saxiT Caiwereba:
( R )
FN sin = m
(6.25)
am formulas -sTvis ver amovxsniT, vinaidan
FN da m ucnobia.
modiT y RerZis gaswvriv arsebuli Zalebi
da aCqareba ganvixiloT. drekadobis Zalis
vertikaluri komponentia FN,y = FN cos, man
qanaze moqmedi mizidulobis Zalis sididea mg,
FN cos = mg
(6.26)
miRebuli formula kvlav Seicavs FN
da
m ucnobebs, magram 6.25 formulis 6.26

formulaze gayofa orive ucnobs abaTilebs.
amis Semdeg (sin )/(cos ) SevcvaloT tan -iT
da -sTvis amovxsnaT:
= tg1
= tg1
2
gR
(20 m/w)2
= 12 (pasuxi)
(9,8 m/w2)(190 m)
xaxuni. rodesac F Zala sxeulis zedapirze

gasrialebas cdilobs, zedapiridan sxeulze
swrafad mcirdeba:
fk = kFN
(6.2)
xaxunis Zala moqmedebs. xaxunis Zala zedapiris
sadac k aris kinetikuri xaxunis koefi
paraleluria da srials ewinaaRmdegeba. am
cienti.
Zalas sxeulisa da zedapiris Sewebeba iwvevs.

Tu sxeuli ar moZraobs, xaxunis Zala
fs
statikuri xaxunis Zalaa. moZraobis Sem
TxvevaSi xaxunis Zala f k kinetikuri xaxunis

Zalaa.
arsebobs, sxeulze moZraobis sawinaaRmdego

da siTxis dinebis mimarTulebis
xaxunis
Zala
F -is zedapirisadmi
da
paraleluri komponenti tolia, xolo
f s Zalis mimarTuleba F-is komponentis
sapirispiroa. komponentis zrdisas fs-ic

izrdeba.
fs,max = sFN ,
sadac
aris
statikuri
(6.1)
xaxunis
koeficienti, xolo FN - drekadobis Zala.
F -is zedapirisadmi paraleluri
komponenti
fs,max-s
D Zala da fardobiTi siCqare
aWarbebs,
wevis koeficientis saSualebiT ukavSirdeba:

D = 1 CA2,
(6.14)
2
sadac aris siTxis simkvrive (masa moculobis
erTeulze), xolo A sxeulis ganivi kveTis
faqtiuri
farTobi
siCqaris
perpen
dikularuli ganivi kveTis farTobi).

saboloo siCqare. rodesac blagvi sagani
2. f s Zalis fs,max mniSvnelobaa:

D wevis Zala
erTmaneTs eqpserimentulad gansazRvruli C
1. Tu sxeuli ar moZraobs,
f s statikuri
Tu
raime sxva siTxes) Soris fardobiTi moZraoba
moqmedebs.
xaxunis sami Tviseba:
wevis Zala. rodesac sxeulsa da haers (an
sxeuli
zedapirze moZraobs.
3. Tu sxeuli zedapirze moZraobs, xaxunis

Zalis sidide fk mudmiv mniSvnelobamde
haerSi
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi vardeba,
D wevis Zala da sxeulze moqmedi Fg
mizidulobis Zala Tanabrdeba. amis Semdeg

sxeuli t saboloo siCqariT vardeba:

Tanabarwriuli
(6.16)

moZraoba.
Tu
wertili
wreze an R radiusis wriul rkalze mudmivi

siCqariT moZraobs, wertili Tanabrwriulad
184
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 6
moZraobs. am SemTxvevaSi wertils
a cen
a=
F=m
triskenuli aCqareba aqvs:
centriskenuli Zala iwvevs:

R
2
(6.17)
centriskenul aCqarebas wertilze moqmedi
2
,
R
(6.18)
sadac m aris wertilis masa. a da F

veqtoruli sidideebi wertilis traeqtoriis
simrudis centrisken aris mimarTuli.
SekiTxvebi
1. bloki zedapirze Zevs da masze sam eqspe
riments atareben, romelTa drosac blokze
5. meoTxe SekiTxvas Tavidan gaeciT pasuxi,

roca wina variantisgan gansxvavebiT.
sami sxvadasxva horizontaluri Zala mo
maRlaa mimarTuli.
qmedebs. ZalTa sidideebia F1=12n, F2=8n
6.
da
F3=4n. arcerT eqsperimentSi bloki
moZraobas ar iwyebs. daalageT Zalebi a) zeda

piridan blokze moqmedi fs statikuri xaxunis
Zalis mixedviT da b) am Zalis fs,max maqsimaluri

mniSvnelobis mixedviT dididan mcireze.
dan moqmedi xaxunis Zala m masis

bloks
uZravad
F Zala iwyebs mo
qmedebas. am Zalis zrdis dros rogor icvleba

blokze moqmedi xaxunis Zalis sidide da
F1
mimarTuleba?
Zala yuTzea mo
debuli, romelic
ar moZraobs. amis Semdeg vertikaluri F2
Zala iwyebs moqmedebas. a) yuTze moqmedi f s

xaxunis
Zala, b) zedapiridan yuTze moqmedi
FN
suraTze
daxrili sibrtyi
aCerebs. amis Semdeg blokze
2. 6.14 suraTze
10n sididis hori
zontaluri
6.16
F Zala
drekadobis Zala, g) yuTze moqmedi
statikuri xaxunis Zalis fs,max maqsimaluri
7. meeqvse SekiTxvas pasuxi Tavidan gaeciT,
F Zala sapirispirod
mimarTeT. F -is zrdasTan erTad rogor

oRond
amjerad
icvleba blokze moqmedi xaxunis Zalis sidide

da mimarTuleba?
8. 1987 wels, orma paraSutistma helouinis*
mniSvneloba izrdeba, mcirdeba Tu ucvleli
aRsaniSnavad gogrebi daiWira da ise gadmoxta.
rCeba? d) iwyebs Tu ara yuTi moZraobas?
mogvianebiT, ukan momavalma paraSutistma
3. Tu yuTs kedelTan miitanT da xels

ise
ra
Tze
miaWerT,
rom
mimarTuleba
moqmed
fs
yuTi
eqneba
ar
a)
Camovardes,
kedlidan
statikuri
xaxunis
yu
Za
las da b) kedlidan yuTze moqmed FN
drekadobis Zalas? ufro Zlierad miwo
sakuTari paraSuti gaxsna da gogra xelidan

gausxlta. gogram daaxloebiT 0,5km ifrina,
saxlis
saxuravs
daeca,
samzareulos
fanjaraSi Sevarda da yvelaferi mosvara.

ratom gaeSva xelidan gogra paraSutists
gogris da paraSutistis TvalTaxedvidan?
lis SemTxvevaSi rogor Seicvleba g) fs,
9. 6.17 suraTze 10kg masis firfita xaxunisgan
4.
100n sididis horizontaluri Zala iwyebs

moqmedebs. firfitaze 10kg masis blokia
d) FN da e) fs,max?
6.15
suraTze
yuTi uZravia da
moTavsebuli. bloksa da firfitas Soris
horizontalsa da
Zalas
Soris
Tavisufal zedapirze uZravad devs da masze
xaxunis koeficienti ucnobia da bloki

kuTxe izrdeba.
a) Fx, b) fs, g) FN, d) fs,max izrdeba, mcirdeba Tu
ucvleli rCeba? e) Tu yuTi moZraobs da
izrdeba, yuTze moqmedi xaxunis Zala izrdeba,

mcirdeba Tu ucvleli rCeba?
helouin (Halloween) _ yvela wmindanis dRis wina dRe.
185
SeiZleba
gasrialdes.
a)
mniSvnelobaTa
ra arealSi SeiZleba moxvdes firfitis af
eqtoria R0, 2R0 da 3R0 radiusebis xuTi

wriuli rkalisgan Sedgeba. daalageT rkalebi
aCqarebis sidide? (miniSneba: mravalricxovani
adamianze
gamoTvlebi
mixedviT dididan mcireze.
saWiro
ar
aris.
ubralod
-s ukiduresi mniSvnelobebi ganixileT).

b) mniSvnelobaTa ra arealSi SeiZleba moxvdes
blokis ab aCqarebis sidide?
moqmedi
centriskenuli
Zalis
11. eSmakis borbalze mjdomi adamiani zeda,

qveda da Sua mdebareobebs gadis. borbali
Tanabari
tempiT
moZraobs.
daalageT
10. 6.18 suraTze
es sami mdebareoba a) adamianze moqmedi
naCvenebia
parkSi
centriskenuli aCqarebis, b) adamianze moqmedi
moseirne adamianis
jamuri centriskenuli Zalis sididis da g)
traeqtoria.
miani
ada
adamianze moqmedi drekadobis Zalis sididis
mudmivi
siCqariT moZraobs da misi moZraobis tra
amocanebi
SSM

Manual-Si.
www

ILW

wertilebis
raodenoba
gviCvenebs
amocanis sirTules
paragrafi 6.3. xaxunis Tvisebebi
sur. 6.19. amocana 4. ram gadaadgila qva?
1. WurWelsa da masSi Calagebul kvercxebs

Soris statikuri xaxunis koeficientia 0,04.
kaliforniaSi,
horizontisadmi ra umciresi kuTxe gamoiwvevs
rCeba, rom isini gadaadgildebian (sur. 6.19).
WurWlis fskerze kvercxebis gacurebas?
wlebis ganmavlobaSi es movlena saidumloebiT
2. m=79kg masis beisbolis moTamaSe meore

bazaSi misrialebs da 470n sididis xaxunis
iyo moculi. erT-erTi ganmartebis Tanaxmad
Zalis winaaRmdegobas ganicdis. risi tolia
gadaadgilebdnen qvebs da udabnos gaSrobis
Semdeg kvali rCeboda. gazomvis Sedegad
moTamaSesa
da
miwas
Soris
arsebuli
`sikvdilis
velSi~,
qvebi
udabnos qviSaze kvals avleben da STabeWdileba
Zlieri qarebi wvimisgan darbilebul miwaze
dadginda, rom qvebsa da svel miwas Soris
kinetikuri xaxunis koeficienti?
3. sawol oTaxSi 45 kg masis komodi uZravad

Zevs. komodi gamosawevi ujriTa da tansacmlis
CamosakidiT aris aRWurvili. a) Tu komodsa da
iataks Soris statikuri xaxunis koeficientia
0,45, ra minimaluri horizontaluri Zalaa
kinetikuri xaxunis koeficienti daaxloebiT
0,8-ia.
ra
horizontalurma
Zalam
unda
imoqmedos 20kg masis qvaze, raTa qarisgan

amoZravebulma
qvam
moZraoba
ganagrZos?
(istoria 35-e amocanaSi grZeldeba).
saWiro komodis gadaadgilebisTvis? b) komods
5. adamiani 55kg masis yuTs 220n ZaliT
17kg masis gamosawevi ujra da tansacmlis
horizontalurad
ubiZgebs.
kinetikuri
Camosakidi moxsnes. amjerad ra minimaluri
xaxunis koeficientia 0,35. a) ra sididisaa
Zalaa saWiro komodis gadaadgilebisTvis?
xaxunis Zala? b) risi tolia yuTis aCqareba?
SSM WWW
SSM ILW
4.
idumalebiT
moculi
moZravi
qvebi.
6.
vagoni-platforma
yuTebiT
aris
186
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 6
datvirTuli, romelTa statikuri xaxunis

koeficienti
zedapirTan
48km/sT
matarebeli
aris
siCqariT
0,25.
Tu
moZraobs,
ra manZilze SeiZleba matarebeli mudmivi

aCqarebiT
ise
gaCerdes,
rom
yuTebi
gasrialdnen?
ar
da zedapirs Soris xaxunis koeficientebia
s=0,4 da k=0,25.gamoTvaleT blokze moqmedi

xaxunis Zala, Tu P Zalis sididea a) 8n, b) 10n da
g) 12n.
11. muSam 35kg masis yuTs 110n ZaliT
horizontalurad ubiZga. yuTsa da zedapirs
7. 3,5kg masis bloks 15n sididis F Zala

horizontisadmi =40 kuTxiT ubiZgebs
(sur. 6.20). bloksa da zedapirs Soris kine
g) risi tolia zedapiridan yuTze moqmedi
tikuri
xaxunis
xaxunis Zala? d) warmoidgineT, rom meore
a) risi tolia fs,max? b) amoZravdeba Tu ara yuTi?
0,25.
muSa yuTs maRla awveba da pirvels exmareba.
gamoTvaleT a) zeda
ra umciresi vertikaluri biZgia saWiro,
piridan
raTa pirveli muSisgan modebulma 110n Zalam
koeficientia
blokze
moqmedi xaxunis Za
yuTi gadaaadgilos? e) Tu meore muSa yuTs

la da b) blokis aC
qareba.
8.
pirvels, ra umciresi biZgi aamoZravebs yuTs?
6.21
lis
12. 1915 wels, fi
suraTze
gamosaxulia
sria
ladelfieli
moyvaruli
Rori,
35
horizontalurad ubiZgebs da ise exmareba
sincoski
romelic
henri
koWebze
orive xeliT Camo
daxris
mqone
ekida. aRsaniSnavi is
sasrialoze
or
aris, rom sincoskis
met
droSi
cera TiTebi koWebis
srialdeba,
vidre
erT mxareze hqonda
jer
mas
dasWirdeboda
xaxunisgan
moqceuli,
xolo
Tavisu
danarCeni TiTebi -
fali zedapiris mqo
meore mxareze (sur.
ne igive sasrialoze.
6.23). sincoskis masa

risi tolia Rorsa
79kg iyo. Tu xelsa
da sasrialos Soris
da
arsebuli kinetikuri xaxunis koeficienti?
statikuri
9. Saflbordis TamaSis dros, studentebma
koeficientia
saerTo
sacxovreblis
gadaadgilebisTvis
koridorSi
cocxis
wignis
gamoyeneba
gadawyvites. maT 3,5kg masis wignze 25n

horizontaluri
ZaliT
imoqmedes,
wignma
koWas
Soris
xaxunis
0,7,
ra umciresi drekadobis Zala moqmedebda

TiToeuli cera TiTidan koWaze? (Camokidebis
Semdeg sincoski xelebze aiwia da koWebze
gadaadgileba daiwyo. Tu ggoniaT, rom es
0,9m gaiara da Semdeg 1,6m/wm siCqare SeiZina.
Zalian advilia, scadeT da igive gaimeoreT).
risi tolia wignsa da iataks Soris arsebuli
13. 68kg masis yuTze horizontisadmi 15-iT
daxrili Tokia mobmuli da yuTs zedapirze
10.
miaxoxeben.
2,5kg
masis
bloki
horizontalur
zedapirze uZravad Zevs. Semdeg blokze 6n

sididis
ho
Tu
statikuri
xaxunis
imoqmedos Tokidan, raTa yuTi amoZravdes?

b) Tu k=0,35, ra sawyis aCqarebas SeiZens
rizontaluri Zala
da P vertikaluri
yuTi? SSM
ZalebiT imoqmedes
(sur. 6.22). bloksa
a)
koeficientia 0,5, ra umciresma Zalam unda
14. 6.24 suraTze naCvenebia mTis gverdze

gamavali gzis ganivi kveTi. AA wrfe sibrtyes
187
asaxavs,
ro
yuTsa da zedapirs Soris statikuri xaxunis
melzec
sriali
koeficientia 0,35. a) ra kuTxe unda iyos
SesaZlebelia. gzis
horizontalsa da Toks Soris, raTa qviSis
Tavze ganlagebuli
udidesi SesaZlo raodenobis gadatana gaxdes
B bloki zeda kldi
SesaZlebeli? b) risi tolia yuTisa da qviSis
sgan didi napraliT

aris
gamoyofili
da amitom mxolod bloksa da sibrtyes

Soris arsebuli xaxuni uSlis xels blokis
Camovardnas. blokis masaa 1,8107kg, sibrtyis
daxris kuTxea 24, xolo bloksa da sibrtyes

a) daamtkiceT, rom bloki ar Camovardeba.
b) napralSi wyali Cavida da gaiyina. gayinvis
Sedegad
gafarToebuli
wyali
blokze
AA-s paraleluri F ZaliT moqmedebs.

ra minimaluri F Zala gamoiwvevs blokis
wona am mdgomareobaSi?
18. avariis dros A manqana wiTel Suqze

gaCerebul B manqanas uknidan Seejaxa. gza
gorakze Cadis da misi daxrilobaa =12.
manqanebs Soris d=24m manZili iyo, rodesac
A manqanis mZRolma daiwyo damuxruWeba. A
manqanis
siCqare
damuxruWebis
dawyebisas
=18m/wm iyo. ra siCqariT Seejaxa A manqana

B-s, Tu kinetikuri xaxunis koeficienti iyo
a) 0,6 (mSral gzaze) da b) 0,1 (sveli foTlebiT
dafarul gzaze)?
Camovardnas?
15.
5n
wonis
bloks
horizontaluri
Zala
12n
vertikaluri
kedlisken
awveba
(sur. 6.25). kedelsa da
bloks Soris statikuri xaxunis koeficientia
19.
6.28 suraTze gamosaxul 45n wonis blokze
P Zala moqmedebs. bloki horizontalisadmi
=15-iT
daxril
0,6, xolo kinetikuri xaxunis koeficientia

0,4. davuSvaT bloki Tavdapirvelad uZravia.
sibrtyeze uZravad
a) amoZravdeba Tu ara bloki? b) risi tolia
sibrtyes Soris xa-
kedlidan blokze moqmedi Zala erTeulovan-
xunis koeficiente-
veqtorul CanawerSi? SSM
da
bia s=0,5 da k=0,34. ra xaxunis Zala mo

sibrtyidan
veqtorul
CanawerSi,
a) (5n) , b) (8n)
izontaluri Zala
blokze
erTeulovan-
rodesac
aris
da g) (15n) ?
gada
20. marxili da masze damjdari pingvini 80n-s

iwonis. marxili horizontalisadmi =20-iT
6.26
daxril sibrtyeze uZravad Zevs (sur. 6.29).
moqmedebs da ze
adgilebs.
bloksa
qmedebs
16. 4,1kg masis

blokze 40n hor
dapirze
Zevs.
suraTze
gamo
saxulia
blo
marxilsa da sibrtyes Soris statikuri xaxunis

koeficientia 0,25, xolo kinetikuri xaxunis
kis siCqaris t droze damokidebulebis
koeficientia 0,15. a) sibrtyis paraleluri
grafiki,
ra umciresi
rodesac
gavlebuli
risi
tolia
bloki
zedapirze
x RerZis gaswvriv moZraobs.

bloksa
da
zedapirs
Soris
arsebuli kinetikuri xaxunis koeficienti?
17.
Tavdapirvelad uZravi qviSis yuTi
Tokis meSveobiT unda gadaaadgilon da Tokis

daWimulobam 1100n-s ar unda gadaaWarbos.
F Zalaa saWiro, raTa marxili
ar Camosrialdes? b) ra umciresi sididis F

Zala aitans marxils
maRla?
g)
ra
Zalaa saWiro, raTa

marxilma
mudmivi
siCqariT imoZraos
maRla?
188
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 6
21. 6.30 suraTze

gamosaxuli B blo
kis
wonaa
711n.
25. 3,6n da 7,2n wonis ori bloki umniSvnelo

masis TokiTaa gadabmuli da 30-iT daxril
bloksa
magi
Soris kinetikuri xaxunis koeficientia 0,1,
das
da
Soris
sibrtyeze srialebs. msubuq bloksa da sibrtyes
stati
xolo mZime bloksa da sibrtyes Soris igive
kuri xaxunis koe
koeficienti 0,2-ia. davuSvaT msubuqi bloki
0,25,
mZimeze win aris. gamoTvaleT a) blokebis
ficientia
30, xolo
B-sa da kvanZs Soris
kuTxea
aCqareba da b) Tokis daWimuloba. SSM
gabmuli Toki horizontaluria. gamoTvaleT
A blokis maqsimaluri wona, romlisTvisac

sistema uZraobas SeinarCunebs. SSM WWW
26. 6.34 suraTze gamosaxuli ori yuTi

erTmaneTTan blokze gadakidebuli TokiT
aris dakavSirebuli. A yuTis masaa 10kg, xolo
A-sa
da
daxril
22. 6.31 suraTze gamosaxulia `Ciriouzebis~

yuTi (mc=1kg) da ùitiebis~ yuTi (mw=3kg).
sibrtyes
Soris
Zala moqmedebs da
daxris
yuTebi aCqarebulad
30. A yuTi mudmivi
moZraobs. `Ciriuo
siCqariT
`Ciriouzebis~
yuTze
horizontaluri
zebis~ yuTze moqme
di xaxunis Zalaa 2n,
xolo ùitiebis~ yuTze 4n sididis xaxunis
F Zalis sididea 12n,
kinetikuri xaxunis
0,2.
koeficientia
kuTxea
qvemoT
srialdeba. ra masa
aqvs B yuTs?
sur. 6.34. amocana 26 da 27.
sami
27. 6.34 suraTze gamosaxuli A yuTi

102n-s iwonis, xolo B yuTis wona 32n-ia.
A-sa da daxril sibrtyes Soris xaxunis
koeficientebia s=0,56 da k=0,25. kuTxea
40. risi tolia A yuTis aCqareba erTeulovanveqtorul CanawerSi, Tu Tavdapirvelad a) A
bloki 0,5m/wm2 aCqa
uZravia, b) daxril sibrtyeze maRla adis da
rebas iZens. pirveli
b) qvemoT srialdeba? SSM
Zala moqmedebs. Tu
ra Zala moqmedebs `Ciriouzebis~ yuTidan

ùitiebis~ yuTze?
23. 6.32 suraTze

gamosaxuli
masaa
M,
meore
da
blokis
xolo
sur. 6.32. amocana 23 da 79.
mesame blokebis masebia 2M. risi tolia meore

bloksa da magidas Soris arsebuli kinetikuri
xaxunis koeficienti?
28. 6.35 suraTze

gamosaxuli A blo
kis
wonaa
44n,
xolo
B
bloki
22n-s iwonis. a) ra
24. 6.33 suraTze
minimaluri
gamosaxulsamyuTs
unda
440 n sididis hori
bloks, raTa A ar
zontaluri
F Zala
betonis zedapirze
wona
hqondes
gasrialdes? magidasa da A-s Soris statikuri

xaxunis koeficientia 0,2. b) davuSvaT C bloki
yuTs Soris kinetikuri xaxunis koeficientia
A-dan aiRes. ra aCqarebas SeiZens A bloki,

Tu A-sa da magidas Soris kinetikuri xaxunis
koeficientia 0,15?
0,7. a) ra F32 Zala moqmedebs mesame yuTidan
29. 6.36 suraTze
gadaadgilebs.
yuTebis
masebia
m1=30kg,
m2=10kg da m3=20kg. zedapirsa da TiToeul
meoreze?
zedapirze
b)
Tu
yuTebi
moZraoben,
sadac
gaprialebul
kinetikuri
xaxunis koeficienti 0,7-ze naklebia, F32 Zalis

sidide metia, naklebia Tu ar icvleba?
gamosaxuli
bloki
ori
(m1=16kg
da M=88kg) erT
maneTze
damagre
189
buli ar aris. blokebs Soris statikuri
xaxunis
0,38,
koeficientia
xolo
34. davuSvaT 6.14 formula pilotsa da
mo
katapultirebad savarZelze moqmed wevis
zrdili bloki xaxunisgan Tavisufal ze
dapirzea ganlagebuli. ra minimaluri F
Zalas gvaZlevs, rodesac piloti 1300km/
horizontaluri Zalaa saWiro, raTa patara
gadmoxteba. savarZlisa da pilotis masa da
bloki dididan ar Camosrialdes? ILW
wevis
30. 6.37 suraTze gamosaxuli m1= 40kg

masis
firfita
xaxunisgan
zedapirze
uZravad
Zevs,
siCqariT
moZravi
koeficientebi
TviTmfrinavidan
Tanabaria.
pilotis
masa Tqven SearCieT, xolo Sesabamisi t 6.1

cxrilidan aiReT. gamoTvaleT a) pilotze
da savarZelze moqmedi wevis Zala da b) maTi
Tavi
sufal
sT
xo
horizontaluri Seneleba TviTmfrinavidan

gadmoxtomis dros.
F horizontaluri Zala
35. meoTxe amocanis gagrZeleba. amjerad

6.14 formula 20kg masis qvaze moqmed haeris
wevis Zalas gvaZlevs. qvas 0,4m2 farTobis
vertikaluri ganivi kveTi aqvs da misi C wevis
koeficientia 0,8. haeris simkvrivea 1,21kg/
moqmedebs. risi tolia a) blokis da b)
m3, xolo kinetikuri xaxunis koeficientia
lo firfitaze m2=10kg masis blokia gan

lagebuli.
bloksa
da
firfitas
Soris
statikuri xaxunis koeficientia 0,6, xolo

kinetikuri xaxunis koeficientia 0,4. blok
ze 100n sididis
firfitis aCqareba erTeulovan-veqtorul
0,8. a) dedamiwis gaswvriv qaris ra V siCqarea
CanawerSi?
saWiro, raTa qva moZraobis dawyebis Semdeg ar
31. 1000kg masis navi 90km/sT siCqariT

moZraobs, rodesac misi Zrava gamorTulia.
wyalsa da navs Soris arsebuli f k xaxunis Zala
navis siCqaris proporciulia da fk=70,

sadac m/wm-ebSia, xolo fk niutonebSi. ra
droSi Semcirdeba navis siCqare 45km/sT-mde?

SSM
gaCerdes? dedamiwis gaswvriv mqrolav qars

dedamiwa anelebs, amitom qaris siCqare xSirad
10m simaRleze izomeba. davuSvaT qaris siCqare

dedamiwis gaswvriv siCqaresTan SedarebiT
2-jer metia. b) a) kiTxvaze pasuxisTvis qaris

ra siCqare gaizomeba Stormis dros? g) aris
Tu ara es siCqare realuri? (istoria 53-e
amocanaSi grZeldeba).
paragrafi 6.4. wevis Zala da saboloo

siCqare
32. gaSlilfrTebiani arwivis mdgomareobaSi

paraSutistis saboloo siCqarea 160km/sT,
xolo pikirebis dros igive siCqare 310km/
sT-s aRwevs. davuSvaT paraSutistis C wevis
koeficienti sxvadasxva mdgomareobaSi ar
icvleba. gamoTvaleT orive mdgomareobis
ganivi kveTis faqtiuri A farTobebis Sefar
paragrafi 6.5. Tanabari wriuli moZraoba
36. saburavebsa da gzas Soris statikuri

xaxunis koeficientia 0,6 da manqanaze uar
yofiTi weva ar moqmedebs. ra siCqaris dros
iqneba manqana mosrialebis zRvarze, Tu is
30,5m radiusis rkals Semowers?

37. ra umciresi radiusis mqone mosaxvevSi
SeZlebs Sesvlas velosipedisti, Tu is 29km/
sT siCqariT moZraobs, saburavebsa da trasas
deba.
Soris statikuri xaxunis koeficientia 0,32
33. gamoTvaleT 1000km/sT siCqariT da 10km
da trasa daxrili ar aris? ILW
simaRleze mfrinav reaqtiul TviTmfrinavze

moqmedi wevis Zalis Sefardeba amis naxevar
38. bobsleis Sejibris dros iamaikelebis

gundi 7,6m radiusis mosaxvevSi 96,6km/sT
siCqareze da simaRleze mfrinav propelerian
siCqariT Sedis. gamoTvaleT am gundis aCqareba
TviTmfrinavze moqmed wevis ZalasTan. 10km
g-s erTeulebSi.
simaRleze haeris simkvrivea 0,38kg/m , xolo
5km simaRleze 0,67kg/m3. davuSvaT, rom
39. kata uZravad gaCerebul atraqcionze

Tvlems da atraqcionis centridan 5,4m
orive TviTmfrinavis ganivi kveTis faqtiuri
manZiliT aris daSorebuli. Semdeg atraqcioni
farTobi da, agreTve, C wevis koeficienti

erTi da igivea.
CarTes da is yovel 6 wamSi erT srul bruns
190
Tavi 6
akeTebs.
ra
Zala da moZraoba
umciresi
koeficienti
unda
statikuri
arsebobdes
xaxunis
katasa
da
atraqcions Soris, raTa kata uZravad darCes?
Zelakidan
kabinaze,
Tu
kabinis
siCqarea
=5m/wm? ra g) sididis da d) mimarTulebisaa

igive Zala, Tu =12m/wm?
40. atraqcion `rusuli mTebis~ manqana

1200kg-s iwonis, rodesac mgzavrebiT savsea.
18m radiusis wriuli borcvis mwvervalze
45. 660n wonis studenti èSmakis borbalze~
gavlisas manqanis siCqare ar icvleba. ra
556n-ia. a) am dros studenti `simsubuqes~
a) sidide da b) mimarTuleba aqvs trasidan
zis.
umaRles
wertilSi
savarZlidan
studentze moqmedi FN drekadobis Zala

grZnobs Tu `simZimes? b) ra sididis
FN Zala
manqanaze moqmed drekadobis Zalas borcvis
moqmedebs atraqcionis udables wertilSi?
mwvervalze, Tu manqana =11m/wm siCqariT
Tu borblis siCqares gavaormagebT, ra iqneba
moZraobs? ra g) sidide da d) mimarTuleba aqvs
FN sidide g) umaRles da d) udables wertilSi?
drekadobis Zalas, Tu =14m/wm?
SSM ILW
41. 6.38 suraTze gamosaxuli manqana wriuli

formis goraksa da velze mudmivi siCqariT
46. manqana 9,1m radiusis brtyel mosaxvevSi

16km/sT siCqariT Sedis. vertikalisadmi ra
moZraobs.
kuTxes adgens Tavisuflad Camokidebuli
gorakis
mwvervalze,
manqanis
savarZlidan mZRolze moqmedi drekadobis

Zala nulis tolia. mZRolis masaa 70kg.
ra drekadobis ZaliT imoqmedebs manqanis
savarZeli mZRolze, rodesac manqana velis
udables wertils gaivlis?
usafrTxoebis Rvedi?
47. TviTmfrinavi
horizontalur wre
ze 480km/sT siCqariT
mifrinavs (sur.6.39).
misi frTebi hori
zontisadmi
40
kuTxiTaris
daxrili.
ri
sitoliawrisra
diusi?dauSviT, rom saWiro Zalas frTis
42. damnaSavisTvis dadevnebuli policiis
zedapirisadmi perpendikularuli àerodina
oficeri 300m radiusis mosaxvevSi 80km/sT
mikuri weva~ uzrunvelyofs. SSM WWW
mudmivi siCqariT Sedis. misi masa 55kg-ia.
48. WanWiki viw-
risi tolia oficridan manqanis savarZelze
ro,
moqmedi jamuri Zalis a) sidide da b) kuTxe
luri Zelakis erT
(vertikalis mimarT)? (miniSneba: ganixileT
bolozea damagre
horizontaluri da vertikaluri Zalebi).
buli
43. 80kg masis adamiani èSmakis borbalze~

10m radiusis vertikalur wreze 6,1m/wm
meore bolos gar
mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs. a) risi tolia
lurad
moZraobis periodi? ra drekadobis Zala
inJineri stroboskopul sanaTs Zelaksa da
moqmedebs savarZlidan adamianze, rodesac
WanWiks
savarZeli
ganaTebis tempi imgvaria, rom Zelaki da WanWiki
wriuli
traeqtoriis
umaRles
wertils da g) udables wertils gaivlis?
44. atraqcionis kabina vertikalur wreze

moZraobs. kabina xist Zelakzea damagrebuli.
manqanis da mgzavrebis saerTo wonaa 5kn, xolo
wris radiusia 10m. wris umaRles wertilSi ra
a) sididis da b) mimarTulebis Zala moqmedebs
Semo
WanWiki
horizonta
da
Zelaki
Zelaki
ganaTebis
poziciebi
horizont
a
brunavs.
anaTebs
da
moZraobas
akvirdeba.
erTi sruli Semobrunebis ganmavlobaSi 8-jer

naTdeba (sur. 6.40). ganaTebis tempi wamSi 2000
ganaTebaa. WanWikis masaa 30g, xolo radiusia
3,5sm. ra Zala moqmedebs Zelakidan WanWikze?

49. m = 1,5kg masis Saiba xaxunisgan Tavisufal
magidaze r=20sm radiusis wreze srialebs
191
da M = 2,5kg masis
balansiris
Camokidebul cilin
masa umniSvneloa da misi sigrZea L=0,9m.
drzea damagrebuli.
balansiri 0,94m sigrZis wriul traeqtorias
Toki magidis Sua
Semowers. risi tolia a) Tokis daWimuloba da
gulSi
b) moZraobis periodi?
gakeTebul
xvrelSi
gadis
xolo
Tokis
amoucnobi movlenis meore axsna imaSi mdgo
siCqaris SemTxvevaSi
cilindri
0,04kg,
53. me-4 da 35-e amocanebis gagrZeleba.
(sur. 6.41). Saibis ra

iqneba
masaa
uZravi? SSM
50. trasis mosaxveviani nawili daxrilia

da 60km/sT siCqariT moZraobisTvis aris
gankuTvnili. mosaxvevis radiusia 200m. manqana
wvimian dRes 40km/sT siCqariT moZraobs. ra
minimaluri xaxunis koeficienti unda iyos
saburavebsa da trasas Soris, raTa manqana
mosaxvevSi ar mosrialdes? (davuSvaT, rom
manqanaze uaryofiTi weva ar moqmedebs).
mareobs, rom qvebi mxolod maSin moZraobs,

rodesac Stormis Sedegad darCenili wya
li yinulis did, Txel firfitad iqceva.
qvebi yinulSi rCeba. Semdeg, rodesac qari
wamouberavs, yinulze da qvebze moqmedi
haeris
wevis
Zala
orives
gadaadgilebs
da qvebic nakvalevs tovebs. haeris wevis

Zala Dice=4CiceAice2, sadac Cice aris wevis
koeficienti (2103), - haeris simkvrive

(1,21kg/m3), Aice yinulis horizontaluri far
Tobi da qaris siCqare yinulis gaswvriv.
51. 6.42 suraTze

gamosaxuli 1,34kg
davuSvaT
yinulis
firfitis
zomebia
ZelakTan masis ar
400m500m4mm, miwasTan misi kinetikuri

xaxunis koeficientia 0,1 da simkvrivea
917kg/m3. aseve davuSvaT, rom meoTxe
amocanaSi mocemuli qvebis identuri 100 qva
mqone, L=1,7m si
yinulSia darCenili. firfitis moZraobis
grZis ori TokiTaa
SesanarCuneblad ra siCqaris qaria saWiro
masis
burTi
tikalur,
ver
mbrunav
dakavSirebuli.
a) firfitasTan axlos da b) 10m simaRleze?
Zelakze
g) aris Tu ara realuri miRebuli mniSvnelo
Tokebis
damagrebebs
ris
So
manZilia
d=1,7m.
zeda
Tokis
daWimulobaa
35n.
bebi Stormis SemTxvevaSi?
54.
trasis
manqana
mosaxvevis
mosaxvevSi
daproeqteba.
metismetad
Tu
swrafad
risi tolia a) qveda Tokis daWimuloba,
F jamuri Zala da
g) burTis siCqare? d) ra mimarTuleba aqvs F
Sedis, mocurebis albaToba didia. daxrili
b) Tokidan burTze moqmedi
mosaxvevis
Zalas? SSM ILW
ewinaaRmdegeba. ganvixiloT R=200m radiu
6.43
mosaxvevSi
moZraobs
brun
vasTan erTad Toki

Semowers).
Sedis.
max-is kuTxeze damokidebulebis grafiki

s=0,6 (mSrali trasa) da s=0,5 (sveli an
yinuliani trasa) koeficientebisTvis. max
siCqare =10 daxrisTvis da g) s=0,6 da
d) s=0,5 koeficientebisTvis km/sT-ebSi
wreze mudmivi si
konuss
msgavsad
zRvarzea. b) aageT 0-dan 50-mde arealSi
horizontalur
(balansiris
suraTis
gamosaxuleba, rodesac manqana mocurebis
Camokidebuli
CqariT
6.13
a) daadgineT manqanis maqsimaluri max siCqaris
mlis balansiri Tok

da
manqanaze xaxunis Zala moqmedebs da mocurebas
statikuri xaxunis koeficientia s. manqana
konu-
suri qanqara, ro
zea
moZrav
xe, rodesac saburavebsa da trasas Soris
suraTze
gamosaxulia
swrafad
sis wriuli mosaxvevi da daxrilobis kuT
damatebiTi amocanebi.
52.
SemTxvevaSi
192
Zala da moZraoba
Tavi 6
gamoTvaleT (axla xom xvdebiT ratom xdeba
dapiris gapoxva 1-s gazrdis, Seamcirebs Tu ar
avariebi moyinul gzaze, rodesac mZRolebi
Secvlis? d) risi tolia 1, rodesac s=0,6?
safrTxes ar iTvaliswineben?)
59.
55. 556n wonis karada iatakze uZravad Zevs.
mosamsaxure
daudevari
massa da iataks Soris statikuri xaxunis
Sva
bris tars F Za
koeficientia 0,68, xolo kinetikuri xaxunis
liT
koeficientia 0,56. karadas a) 222n, b) 334n,
vertikalisadmi
g) 445n da d) 556n horizontaluri ZalebiT
kuTxes adgens, xo
ubiZgeben. gamoTvaleT iatakidan karadaze
lo s
da k
moqmedi xaxunis Zala TiToeul SemTxvevaSi.
brasa
da
e) romeli mcdelobis Sedegad daiZvreba
Soris
karada?
da
56. manqana SuadRisas quCazea gaCerebuli,

romelic horizontisadmi 35-iT daxril
Svabras
gorakze Cadis. am dros quCasa da saburavebs

SEebindebisas wvima wamovida, temperatura
daeca da xaxunis koeficientic Sesabamisad
Semcirda. ra procentiT unda Semcirdes
koeficienti, raTa manqanas Camosrialebis
safrTxe gauCndes?
57.
6.44
suraTze
gamosaxul
0,2.
ra a) sidide da b) mimarTuleba aqvs blokis

aCqarebas, Tu bloki qvemoT curdeba? ra
g) sidide da d) mimarTuleba aqvs blokis
aCqarebas, Tu bloki sibrtyeze maRla adis?
58.
6.45
statikuri
xaxunis
taris
xaxunis
masa
koeficientebia.
ugulebelyaviT
da
dauSviT, rom mTeli m masa Svabras bolozea

koncentrirebuli.
a)
Tu
Svabra
iatakze
mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs, risi tolia F?

b) daamtkiceT, rom Tu kuTxe garkveul 0
mniSvnelobaze naklebia,
Zala Svabras
gadaadgilebas ver SeZlebs. gamoTvaleT 0.
60. Surdulis msroleli 0,01kg masis Sur

dulSi 0,25kg masis qvas debs da qvis sasrolad
0,65m radiusis vertikalur wres akeTebs.
qvis srolis siCqares nel-nela zrdis. a) wris

umaRles wertilSi gawydeba Toki Tu udables
wertilSi? b) qvis srolis ra siCqareze
gawydeba Toki?
61. mt=4kg masis

bloki mb=5kg masis
sasrialeblad (qve
das daZvris gareSe)
yuTsa
da zedapirs Soris
kinetikuri
blokis qvedaze ga
yuTze F Zala mo
da
statikuri
blokze Zevs. zeda
suraTze
gamosaxul m masis
qmedebs
iataks
gadaaWarbebs. davuSvaT Surdulis msroleli
Soris
koeficientia
Sva
da gawydeba, Tu misi daWimuloba 33n-s
da 60-iT daxril
kinetikuri xaxunis
tari
Surdulis gaWimuli Tokis masa umniSvneloa
bloksa
sibrtyes
awveba.
zeda blokze sul mcire 12n horizontalurma

koeficientia s. kuTxe Tavdapirvelad nu

lis tolia, xolo Semdeg ise izrdeba, rom
Zalis veqtori saaTis isris moZraobis mimar
TulebiT brunavs. brunvis dros Zalis F
sidide ise icvleba, rom yuTi yovelTvis
Zalam
unda
imoqmedos.
blokebi
ganla
gebulebia horizontalur, xaxunisgan Tavi

sufal magidaze (sur. 6.47). gamoTvaleT:
a) maqsimaluri
horizontaluri Zala,
romliTac qveda blokze unda vimoqmedoT,

raTa orive bloki erTdroulad amoZravdes
gasrialebis zRvarzea. Tu s=0,7, a) aageT
da b) Sedegad miRebuli blokebis aCqareba.
F/mg-s -ze damokidebulebis grafiki da

b) gansazRvreT 1 kuTxe, rodesac es fardoba
62. 6.48 suraTze m1=2kg masis pirveli yuTi

da m2=3kg masis meore yuTi umniSvnelo masis
usasrulo mniSvnelobas uaxlovdeba. g) ze
TokiT aris gadabmuli da ar moZraobs. meore
193
yuTi =30 kuTxiT
horizontalur zedapirs Soris kinetikuri
daxril, xaxunisgan
xaxunis koeficientia 0,2. risi tolia Tokis
T a v i s u f a l
daWimuloba?
zedapirzea
67.
lagebuli.
gan
pirvel
yuTsa da horizon
talur zedapirs Soris kinetikuri xaxunis

koeficientia 0,25. blokis masa da xaxuni
6.50
suraTze
yuTi
daxril
RarSi
misrialebs. yuTsa da Rars Soris kinetikuri

xaxunis koeficientia k. risi tolia yuTis
aCqareba k-s, -s da g-s erTeulebSi?
umniSvneloa. yuTebis amoZravebis Semdeg risi

tolia Tokis daWimuloba?
63. foladis 8kg masis bloki horizontalur

magidaze uZravad devs. bloksa da magidas
Soris
0,45.
statikuri
xaxunis
koeficientia
risi tolia blokze moqmedi Zala,
Tu a) horizontalurad mimarTuli, b) ho
rizontalidan maRla 60-iT gadaxrili da
g) horizontals qvemoT 60-iT gadaxrili
Zala bloks gacurebis zRvarze aCerebs.
64.
konservebiT
datvirTuli
sardafSi
Cavarda.
68.
6.51
daRmarTi
horizontalisadmi 40 kuTxes adgens. risi
suraTze
gamosaxuli m1=1,65
kg
masis
pirveli
yuTi da m2=3,3kg
masis
yuTi
daRmarTze Casrialda da 0,75m/wm2 aCqarebiT

sabaylos
meore
daxril
yuTi
sibrtyeze
misrialebs. yuTebi
masis
armqone
da
sibrtyis
paraleluri
ZelakiT aris gadabmuli. daxris kuTxea 30.
tolia daRmarTsa da yuTs Soris arsebuli
pirvel yuTsa da zedapirs Soris kinetikuri
xaxunis koeficientia 1=0,226, xolo meore
65. aeroportSi tvirTis gadatana eskala
yuTsa da sibrtyes Soris kinetikuri xaxunis
2=0,113.
toriT xdeba. erT adgilze tvirTi daRmarTze
koeficientia
Cadis, romelic horizontisadmi 2,5 kuTxes
Zelakis daWimuloba da b) yuTebis aCqareba.
adgens.
g) rogor Seicvleba wina kiTxvebze pasuxi, Tu
dros
davuSvaT,
tvirTi
ar
amgvari
mcire
srialebs.
daxris
gansazRvreT
69.
xaxunis Zala, rodesac yuTi daxril monakveTs
gamosaxuli
b) 0,65m/wm da mudmivi, g) 0,65m/wm da 0,2m/wm2

tempiT zrdadi, d) 0,65m/wm da 0,2m/wm2 tempiT
klebadi da e) 0,65m/wm da 0,57m/wm tempiT
2
6.52
mB=2kg. B yuTsa
da
horizontalur
iqneba
kinetikuri
daRmarTis
gaswvriv
6.49
Soris
xaxunis
koeficientia
k=0,5.
sibrtyis daxrilobaa 30 da is xaxunisgan
mimarTuli?
66.
A yu
xolo B yuTis masaa
sibrtyes
Zala
suraTze
Tis masaa mA=4kg,
zrdadi. v) zemoT CamoTvlil romel variantSi

xaxunis
a)
yuTebi adgilebs gacvlian?
eskalatoridan 69n wonis yuTze moqmedi

gadis da eskalatoris siCqarea a) 0 da mudmivi,
gamoTvaleT
Tavisufalia.
suraTze
gamosaxuli m1=2kg
masis pirveli blo
ki da m2=1kg ma
bloki
mxolod
yuTebis
damakavSirebuli Tokis mimarTulebas cvlis.

gamoTvaleT
a)
Tokis
daWimuloba
da
b) yuTebis aCqareba.
sis meore bloki erTmaneTze umniSvnelo
70. studentma ficarsa da yuTs Soris
masis TokiT aris gadabmuli. meore blokze
arsebuli kinetikuri da statikuri xaxunis
20
n sididis da =35 kuTxiT daxrili
koeficientebi unda gansazRvros. man yuTi
Zala moqmedebs. TiToeul bloksa da
ficarze dado da ficris erTi bolo aswia.
194
Tavi 6
Zala da moZraoba
rodesac daxris kuTxem 30-s miaRwia, yuTi
la kedelze da T) qvemoT kedelze? i) ro
4 wamis ganmavlobaSi 2,5m manZilze mudmivi
mel
aCqarebiT Camosrialda. risi tolia a) sta
mimarTuli?
tikuri xaxunis koeficienti da b) kinetikuri
75.
xaxunis koeficienti yuTsa da ficars Soris?
eqsperimentSia
gzis
xaxunis
mSeneblobis
Zala
adgilze
qvemoT
TamaSis
dros bavSvi horizontisadmi 35-iT daxril
71. 5kg masis qviT
ormoSi Cavarda. Casrialebis ganmavlobaSi
xexaven Weris hori
bavSvis aCqarebaa 0,5m/wm2 da misi mimarTuleba
zontalur zedapirs
srialis sawinaaRmdegoa. ra kinetikuri xaxu
(sur. 6.53). Tu kine
tikuri xaxunis koe
ficientia 0,65 da qvaze moqmedi Zala =70

kuTxiTaa daxrili, ra Zalam unda imoqmedos
qvaze, raTa man mudmivi siCqariT imoZraos?
nis koeficienti arsebobs bavSvsa da daxril

zedapirs Soris?
76. orTqlmavali 25 vagonian matarebels

swor liandagze aCqarebs. TiToeuli vagonis
masaa 5104kg da yvela maTganze f=250 xa
72. trasis mosaxveviani monakveTi 60km/sT si
xunis Zala moqmedebs, sadac siCqare m/wm-
Cqarezea gaTvlili. davuSvaT, mosaxvevSi Se
ebSia, xolo f Zala niutonebSia. rodesac
sul manqanebze uaryofiTi weva ar moqmedebs.
matareblis siCqarea 30km/sT, misi aCqareba
a) Tu mosaxvevis radiusia 150m, ra kuTxiT unda
0,2m/wm2-s aRwevs. a) risi tolia orTqlmavalsa
iyos daxrili trasa? b) trasis dauxrelobis
da pirvel vagons Soris jaWvis daWimuloba?
SemTxvevaSi
b)
ra
minimaluri
xaxunis
koe
Tu
es
daWimuloba
moqmedi
orTqlmavalidan
ficienti unda arsebobdes saburavebsa da
matarebelze
trasas Soris, raTa 60km/sT siCqariT moZravi
tolia, ra maqsimaluri siswrafiT SeiZleba
maqsimaluri
Zalis
manqanebi mosaxvevSi ar mocurdnen?
orTqlmavalma ubiZgos 30km/sT-iT moZrav
73. kuTxiT daxril sibrtyeze mudmivi

siCqariT mosriale bloks 0 sawyisi siCqariT
matarebels?
bloki gaCerebamde? b) gaCerebis Semdeg bloki
77. 2g masis moneta horizontaluri mbrunavi

magidis centridan 5sm manZilze moaTavses,
romelic 3,14 wamSi sam bruns asrulebs. aseT
kvlav
pirobebSi moneta ar curavs. risi tolia
ukan ubiZgeben. a) ra manZils gaivlis sibrtyeze

Camosrialdeba
Tu
ara?
SekiTxvas
argumentirebuli pasuxi gaeciT.
monetis a) siCqare, aCqarebis b) sidide da
74. 6.54 suraTze

22n wonis bloki
60n sididis F ho
g) mimarTuleba da monetaze moqmedi xaxunis
rizontaluri
liT
centridan
uZravad
gaCerebuli.
10sm
manZilze
ganlagebis
dros moneta mocurebis zRvarzea. v) risi
Za
tolia monetasa da magidas Soris arsebuli
vertikalur
kedelze
aris
Zalis d) sidide da e) mimarTuleba? magidis
statikuri xaxunis koeficienti?

78. 6.1 cxrilis monacemebze dayrdnobiT 16
kedelsa da bloks Soris statikuri xaxunis
funtiani tyviis diametri daadgineT, Tu
koeficientia 0,55,
C=0,49 da haeris simkvrivea 1,2kg/m3.
xolo kinetikuri xa
xunis koeficientia 0,38. blokze eqvsi eqs

perimenti tardeba da masze kedlis pa
raleluri
da sxvadasxva sididis meore
P Zala moqmedebs. am Zalis sidideebi da
mimarTulebebia: a) 34n, maRla, b) 12n, maRla,

g) 48n, maRla, d) 62n, maRla, e) 10n, qvemoT,
v) 18n, qvemoT. TiToeul eqsperimentSi ra
79. 6.32 suraTze pirveli, meore da mesame

blokebi umniSvnelo masis TokebiTaa gada
bmuli. blokebis amoZravebis Semdeg maTi aCqa
rebebia 1,5m/wm2. blokebis masebia m1=2kg,
m2=4kg da m3=4kg. ra xaxunis Zala moqmedebs

meore blokze?
romel
80. oTxkaciani bobslei (630kg mTliani masis)
eqsperimentSi gadaadgileba bloki z) maR
moZraobas swor trasaze iwyebs. trasis am
xaxunis
Zala
moqmedebs
blokze?
195
monakveTis sigrZe 80m-ia da horizontisadmi
mudmivi aCqarebiT misrialebs. yuTis mdeba
10,2 kuTxiT aris daxrili. davuSvaT xaxuni

da haeris weva bobsleize 62n mudmivi ZaliT
reoba
moqmedebs, romelic daxris paralelurad
iwonis, ra sididis kinetikuri xaxunis Zala
da bobsleis moZraobis sawinaaRmdegod aris
moqmedebs yuTze?
mimarTuli.
83. Tovlze dadebuli Txilamuri droTa
upasuxeT
Semdeg
SekiTxvebs:
a) Tu moZraobis dawyebisas bobsleis siCqarea
6,2m/wm, ra droSi gaivlis is trasis swor

monakveTs? b) davuSvaT sportsmenebma xaxunis
da haeris wevis moqmedeba 42n-mde Seamcires.
igive sawyisi siCqaris pirobebSi ra droSi
gaivlis bobslei trasis swor monakveTs?
0,5wm-is
SualediT
fiqsirdeba.
a) ra aCqareba aqvs yuTs? b) Tu yuTi 240n-s
ganmavlobaSi
Tovls
ewebeba,
magram
mo
Zraobis dros Txilamuri Tovls aTbobs da

nawilobriv adnobs, rac kinetikuri xaxunis
koeficients
srials
amcirebs
aadvilebs.
da,
Sesabamisad,
Txilamuris
cviliT
dafarva mas wyalgaumtars xdis da wylis
81. saxli gorakis wverzea aSenebuli, xolo

axlomdebare daRmarTi =45 kuTxes adgens
fenasaTan
(sur. 6.55). Seswavlis Sedegad dadginda, rom
Txilamuri gansakuTrebulad wyalgaumtaria
es daRmarTi unda Semcires, vinaidan masze
da alpebis 200m-ian saTxilamuro trasas
ganlagebuli miwis zeda fenebi qveda fenebze
axali
curdeba. Tu or amgvar fenas Soris statikuri
42 wamSi dafaravT. gamoTvaleT saSualo
xaxunis koeficientia 0,5, ra umciresi daxra
aCqareba a) standartuli Txilamurebis da
unda hqondes daRmarTs, raTa miwis Cacureba
b) axali Txilamurebis pirobebSi. davuSvaT
Tavidan aviciloT?
saTxilamuro trasis daxrilobaa 3. gamo
xaxunic
mcirdeba.
reklamaSi
amtkiceben, rom axali saxeobis plastmasis
TxilamurebiT
TvaleT
g)
kinetikuri
standartuli
61
wamis
xaxunis
nacvlad
koeficienti
TxilamurebisTvis
da
d) axali TxilamurebisTvis.
84. risi tolia 6kg masis, 3sm radiusisa da

1,6 wevis koeficientis mqone sferos formis
burTis
saboloo
siCqare?
burTi
haerSi
vardeba da haeris simkvriva 1,2kg/m .

3
82.
yuTebi
sardafSi
tvirTisgan
daxrili
dacales
sibrtyis
da
saSualebiT
Caasriales. 6.56 suraTze gamosaxulia 2,5m

simaRlis daxril sibrtyeze Casrialebuli
yuTis
gadaadgilebis
grafiki.
davuSvaT
yuTi moZraobas iwyebs, rodesac t=0
da
85. 1,5kg masis yuTi horizontalurzedapirze

uZravad Zevs. rodesac t=0, masze F =(1,8t) n
horizontaluri Zala iwyebs moqmedebs. yuTis
a =0, rodesac 0t2,8wm da
a =(1,2t2,4) m/wm2, rodesac t>2,8wm. a) risi
aCqarebaa
tolia yuTsa da zedapirs Soris arsebuli

statikuri xaxunis koeficienti? b) risi
tolia yuTsa da zedapirs Soris arsebuli
86. 26kg masis bavSvi èSmakis borbalis~ 12m

radiusis vertikalur, wriul traeqtoriaze
5,5m/wm mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs. ra Zala

moqmedebs bavSvze savarZlidan a) borblis
umaRles wertilSi da b) borblis udables
wertilSi?
87. 10,7kn wonis da 13,4m/wm siCqariT moZravi

manqana 61m radiusis swor (daxris gareSe)
196
Tavi 6
Zala da moZraoba
mosaxvevSi Sedis. a) ra xaxunis Zalam unda
koeficientebi SeiZleba arsebobdes amocanis
imoqmedos saburavebze, raTa manqanam wriuli
pirobidan gamomdinare?
traeqtoria SeinarCunos? b) Tu saburavebsa da
93. 25kg masis skamze horizontisadmi kuTxiT

daxrili 100n Zala moqmedebs. Tu =0, risi
tolia a) modebuli Zalis Fh horizontaluri
gzas Soris statikuri xaxunis koeficientia
0,35, SeZlebs Tu ara manqana mosaxvevSi

Sesvlas?
88.
komponenti da b) iatakidan skamze moqmedi
bavSvma
kalaTa
atraqcionis
gare
fersoze dado. atraqcionis radiusia 4,6m

da yovel 30 wamSi erT srul bruns akeTebs.
a) ra siCqariT moZraobs ferso? b) ra umciresi
statikuri
xaxunis
koeficienti
unda
arsebobdes kalaTasa da atraqcions Soris,
FN drekadobis Zala? Tu =30, risi tolia

g) Fh da d) FN? Tu =60, risi tolia e) Fh da
v) FN? amjerad davuSvaT, rom skamsa da iataks
rodesac aris z) 0, T) 30 da i) 60, skami
iatakze gasrialdeba Tu adgilze darCeba?
raTa kalaTa ar Camovardes?
94. 220n wonis Cemodani uZravad Zevs.
89.
Cemodansa
6.57
suraTze
manqana
horizontalurma
gviZlia miviCnioT. ra udidesi siCqariT Sei

moZraobdes
manqana,
raTa
gorakis
wverze gzas ar acdes?
90.
studenti 5kg masis
daxrili
kuTxiT
P ZaliT
unda
imoqmedos
daZvris Semdeg ra Zalam unda imoqmedos,

raTa
man
mudmivi
siCqare
SeinarCunos?
g) Tu Cemodnis daZvrisas modebuli Zala ar
95. 40n wonis bloki horizontisadmi 25iT daxril sibrtyeze 0,8m/wm2 aCqarebiT
ganerviulebuli
da =70
Zalam
Seicvleba, ra aCqareba eqneba Cemodans?
gamocdebisgan
bloks 80n sididis
statikuri
Cemodanze, raTa is daiZras? b) Cemodnis
radiusis wred Se
Zleba
Soris
xaxunis koeficientia 0,32. a) ra minimalurma
R=250m
kveTi
iataks
xaxunis koeficientia 0,41, xolo kinetikuri
gorakze
adis, romlis gani

vi
da
moZraobs. aCqareba mimarTulia aRmarTisken.

ra kinetikuri xaxunis koeficienti arsebobs
bloksa da sibrtyes Soris?
Werze awveba (sur. 6.58). Tu bloksa da Wers

Soris kinetikuri xaxunis koeficientia 0,4,
ra iqneba blokis aCqareba?
96. foladis 11kg masis bloki horizontalur

magidaze uZravad Zevs. bloksa da magidas
a) ra horizontaluri Zala miiyvans bloks
91. maRaziis gamyidveli 40kg masis yuTze

85n horizontaluri ZaliT moqmedebs. Tav
amoZravebis zRvarze? b) ra 60-iT maRla
dapirvelad yuTi horizontalur zedapirze
zRvarze? g) Tu Zala 60-iT qvemoT aris
uZravad Zevs. 1,4m-iT gadaadgilebis Semdeg
gadaxrili, ra maqsimaluri sidide SeiZleba
yuTis siCqarea 1m/wm. risi tolia yuTsa da
hqondes mas ise, rom blokma ar imoZraos?
zedapirs Soris moqmedi kinetikuri xaxunis

koeficienti?
97. 6.59 suraTze gamosaxul 5kg masis blokze

50n sididis horizontaluri F Zala
92. 140n wonis bavSvi horizontalisadmi 25-
moqmedebs da bloki
gadaxrili Zala miiyvans bloks amoZravebis
iT daxril sasrialoze zis da wonasworobas
=37 kuTxiT da
xelebiT inarCunebs. Camosrialebis Semdeg
xril
bavSvis mudmivi aCqarebaa 0,86m/wm2. a) risi

tolia sasrialosa da bavSvs Soris arsebuli
kinetikuri
xaxunis
koeficienti?
b)
ra
maqsimaluri da minimaluri statikuri xaxunis
sibrtyeze
maRla adis. bloksa

da sibrtyes Soris
kinetikuri xaxunis
koeficientia
0,3.
197
ra a) sididis da b) mimarTulebisaa blokis
statikuri xaxunis koeficientia 0,51, xolo
aCqareba? blokis sawyisi siCqarea 4m/wm.
kinetikuri xaxunis koeficientia 0,32. Tqven
g) ra manZils gaivlis bloki sibrtyeze? d) am
gan yuTze modebuli Zala horizontaluria.
manZilis gavlis Semdeg bloki gaCerdeba Tu
a) ra Zala miiyvans yuTs gaxoxebis zRvarze?
ukan Camocurdeba?
b) Semdeg ra ZaliT unda waubiZgoT yuTs, raTa
98. vagoni mudmivi siCqariT 470m radiusis
man mudmivi siCqariT imoZraos? g) Tu yuTze
brtyel,
horizontalur
wreze
moZraobs.
Tavdapirvelad modebuli Zala ucvlelad
vagoni 51kg masis mgzavrze ZaliT moqmedebs,
moqmedebs, ra iqneba misi aCqareba?
romlis horizontaluri da vertikaluri
104. 110g masis Saiba yinulze srialebs da 15m-
komponentebi Sesabamisad aris 210n da 500n.
is gavlis Semdeg xaxunis Zalis moqmedebiT
a) ra jamuri Zala moqmedebs mgzavrze? b) ra
Cerdeba. a) Tu Saibis sawyisi siCqarea 6m/wm, ra
siCqariT moZraobs vagoni?
xaxunis Zala moqmedebs masze? b) risi tolia
99. velosipedisti 9m/wm mudmivi siCqariTY

25m radiusis wreze moZraobs da velosipedTan erTad misi masaa 85kg. gamoTvaleT
Saibasa da yinuls Soris arsebuli xaxunis
a) gzidan velosipedze moqmedi xaxunis Zala da
iataks Soris statikuri xaxunis koeficientia
b) gzidan velosipedze moqmedi jamuri Zala.
0,42. 6.61 suraTze gamosaxuli bavSvi Tokis
100. 53sm diametris raketa dabal simaRleze,

sadac haeris simkvrivea 1,2kg/m3, 250m/wm
siCqariT gadaadgildeba. dauSviT, rom C=0,75
saSualebiT yuTis gadaadgilebas cdilobs.
da gamoTvaleT raketaze moqmedi wevis Zala.
101. manqana =94km/sT maqsimaluri SesaZlo

siCqariT R=220m radiusis brtyel mosaxvevSi
Sedis. ra jamuri Zala moqmedebs m=85kg
koeficienti?
105. saTamaSoebis yuTis wonaa 180n. yuTsa da
a) Tu =42, ra
F ZaliT unda imoqmedos
bavSma Tokze, raTa yuTi moZraobis zRvramde

mivides? b) dawereT am F Zalis kuTxeze
damokidebulebis
funqciis
gamosaxuleba.
gamoTvaleT g) -is mniSvneloba, rodesac
minimaluria
da
d)
F-is
minimaluri
mniSvneloba.
masis mgzavridan manqanis savarZelze?
102. 49kg masis mTamsvleli napralSi adis

(sur. 6.60). fexsacmelebsa da kldes Soris
statikuri xaxunis
koeficientia
1,2, xolo zurgsa

da kldes Soris
igive koeficienti
0,8-ia.
Semdeg
mTamsvlelma sax
srebi
da
106. warmoidgineT, rom standartuli kilo
moaduna
gramis masis sagani dedamiwis ekvatorze
Camovardnis
moaTavses, sadac is dedamiwis brunvis Sedegad
zRvarze mivida. a)
465m/wm mudmivi siCqariT 6,4106 m radiusis
aageT Tavisufali
sxeulis
grafiki
mTamsvlelisTvis.
b)
ra
ZaliT
awveba
mTamsvleli kldes? g) misi wonis ra nawils

exmareba fexsacmelebze moqmedi xaxunis Zala?
103. Tqven 165n wonis yuTi navsayudelisken

unda gaaxoxialoT. yuTsa da zedapirs Soris
wreze moZraobs. a) ra sididis centriskenuli

Zala
imoqmedebs
brunvis
dros
saganze?
davuSvaT, igive sagani zambarian sasworzea

Camokidebuli da dedamiwis brunvis gareSe
misi wona zustad 9,8n-ia. b) ras aCvenebs
saswori anu ra sididis Zala moqmedebs
sagnidan sasworze?
198
Tavi 6
Zala da moZraoba
107. Toki 40n maqsimalur daWimulobas

uZlebs. bavSvma am Toks 0,37kg masis qva moaba
da Tokis meore boloTi qvas 0,91m radiusis
mudmivi
vertikalur
asrulebs
wreze
atrialebs.
bavSvi
siCqariT
mifrinavs.
Tokis
horizontalur
meore
bolo
wreze
miwazea
damagrebuli. TviTmfrinavi wuTSi 4,4 bruns

da
frTebis
Sedegad
horizontaluri
qvis siCqares Tokis gawyvetamde zrdis. a)
ganlagebis
traeqtoriis ra adgilze iqneba qva Tokis
vertikalurad maRla awveba. a) risi tolia
gawyvetisas? b) ra iqneba qvis siCqare Tokis
TviTmfrinavis aCqareba? b) risi tolia Tokis
gawyvetisas?
daWimuloba? g) ra jamuri maRla mimarTuli
108. 0,75kg masis saTamaSo TviTmfrinavi 30m

sigrZis Tokzea gamobmuli da 18m simaRleze
(wevis)
Zala
frTebze?
haeri
moqmedebs
TviTmfrinavs
TviTmfrinavis
kinetikuri energia da muSaoba
mSobiarobis dros qirurgs an anesTeziologs gautkivarebis wamali

pacientis sxeulSi nemsiT Seyavs. nemsis wveri zurgis tvinis garSemo
ganlagebul arxSi arsebul epiduralur sivrceSi unda moxvdes. es
procedura sakmaod xangrZliv praqtikas moiTxovs, raTa eqimi mixvdes Tu
rodis Sevida nemsi epiduralur sivrceSi. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sakmaod
seriozul garTulebebs SeiZleba hqondes adgili. dResdReobiT, eqimebi
gamocdilebas praqtikaSi iZenen, magram momavalSi albaT SesaZlebeli
gaxdeba virtualur modelze varjiSi da mxolod amis Semdeg darTaven
eqims nebas cocxal pacients Seuyvanos ineqcia.
rogor unda aigos virtualuri modeli, raTa eqimma
sworad Caataros epiduraluri procedura?

fizikis erT-erTi fundamentaluri amocana energiis Seswavlaa. marTlac, Cveni civilizacia
energiis miRebasa da efeqturad gamoyenebaze Zalian aris damokidebuli.
magaliTad, yvelam icis, rom nebismieri saxis moZraoba energias saWiroebs. wynar okeaneze
gadafrena, Senobis zeda sarTulze tvirTis atana, kosmosuri xomaldis moZraoba dedamiwis
orbitaze, burTis srola da a.S. energias moiTxovs. energiis miRebasa da gamoyenebaze uzarmazari
resursebi ixarjeba. Tanamedrove omebi swored energoresursebis gamo iwyeba da erT-erTi
mxaris mier resursis Warbad gamoyenebis Sedegad sruldeba kidec. nebismierma adamianma icis
energiis da misi gamoyenebis magaliTebi, magram ras niSnavs termini energia realurad?
7.2. ra aris energia?

energiis cneba Zalze farToa da misi zustad gansazRvra sakmaod rTulia. formalurad energia
aris erTi an meti raodenobis sagnis mdgomareobasTan asocirebuli skalaruli sidide, Tumca
es gansazRvreba metismetad bundovania da Znelad Tu dagvexmareba energiis aRqmaSi.
modiT zemoT moyvanili gansazRvreba odnav ganvavcroT da energiis Seswavlac ase daviwyoT.
energia erTi an meti raodenobis sagnis sistemasTan dakavSirebuli ricxvia. Tu Zala erT-erT
sagans cvlis (magaliTad, amoZravebs), maSin energiis ricxvi icvleba. uricxvi eqsperimentebis
Sedegad mecnierebi mixvdnen, rom Tu energiis ricxvebis miniWebis sqema kargad aris dagegmili,
ricxvebi eqsperimentebis Sedegebis winaswarmetyvelebisTvis SegviZlia gamoviyenoT da, rac
199
200
Tavi 7
ufro mniSvnelovania, SesaZlebeli xdeba meqanizmebis, magaliTad, safreni mowyobilobebis

ageba. mecnierebis warmateba Cveni samyaros erT SesaniSnav Tvisebas efuZneba: energia erTi
saxeobidan meoreSi da erTi sagnidan meoreze gadadis, magram misi mTliani raodenoba ucvlelia
(energia inaxeba). energiis Senaxvis kanonis gamonaklisi aRmoCenili ar aris.
energiis sxvadasxva saxeobebi sxvadasxva saxis sabanko angariSebze Senaxuli fulis amsaxvel
ricxvebad SegviZlia warmovidginoT. arsebobs wesebi, Tu ras niSnavs fulis amsaxveli ricxvi
da rogor icvleba is. fulis raodenoba erTi angariSidan meoreze an erTi sistemidan meoreSi
SegviZlia gadavitanoT, magram mTliani raodenoba yovelTvis inaxeba.
mocemul TavSi aqcents mxolod erTi saxeobis energiaze (kinetikur energiaze) da energiis
gadacemis erT saSualebaze (muSaobaze) gavakeTebT. momdevno TavSi ramdenime saxis energias
ganvixilavT da vnaxavT, Tu rogor SeiZleba energiis Senaxvis kanonis formulebis saxiT Cawera.
7.3. kinetikuri energia

K kinetikuri energia moZrav mdgomareobaSi myof sagnebs axasiaTebs. rac ufro swrafad
moZraobs sagani, miT ufro metia misi kinetikuri energia. rodesac sagani uZravia, misi
kinetikuri energia nulis tolia.
m masis da sinaTlis siCqareze naklebi siCqariT moZravi sagnisTvis:

K = 1 m2
(kinetikuri energia)
(7.1)
magaliTad, rodesac 3kg masis ixvi 2m/wm siCqariT mifrinavs, misi kinetikuri energiaa 6kgm2/wm2
anu ixvis moZraoba am ricxviT xasiaTdeba.
SI sistemaSi kinetikuri energiis (da yvela sxva saxeobis energiis) erTeuli joulia (j). es
erTeuli me-19 saukuneSi moRvawe ingliseli mecnieris - jeims preskot joulis sapativcemulod
aris SemoRebuli. 7.1 formulidan gamomdinare jouli masis da siCqaris erTeulebiT
ganisazRvreba:
1 jouli = 1kg m2/wm2

maSasadame, mfrinavi ixvis kinetikuri energiaa 6 j.
(7.2)
7.1
1896 wels, texasis Statis qalaq vakoSi,

uiliam kraSma ori orTqlmavali 6,4km sigrZis
liandagis mopirdapire boloebze gaaCera,
daqoqa da erTmaneTisken mTeli siCqariT
daZra (sur. 7.1). am yvelafers daaxloebiT
30000 TviTmxilveli Seeswro. aTasobiT ada

miani orTqlmavlebis namsxvrevebma daaziana,
ramdenime daiRupa kidec. davuSvaT TiToeuli
orTqlmavalis wona 1,2106n iyo da isini
0,26m/wm2 mudmivi aCqarebiT moZraobdnen.

ra jamuri kinetikuri energia hqonda orive
orTqlmavals Sejaxebamde?
amoxsna: 7.1 formulis saSualebiT TiTo
euli
orTqlmavalis
SegviZlia
kinetikuri
gamovTvaloT,
magram
energia
amisTvis
sur. 7.1. orTqlmavalebis Sejaxebis Sedegi
7.4. muSaoba
201
orTqlmavlebis siCqare Sejaxebamde da maTi
TiToeuli orTqlmavalis masis dasadgenad
masa gvWirdeba. vinaidan davuSviT, rom TiTo
maTi wonebi g-ze gavyoT:

1,2106 n
euli orTqlmavalis aCqareba mudmivia, 2.1
m=
cxrilis saSualebiT siCqareebis gamoTvla
= 1,22 105 kg
SesaZlebelia. Cven 2.16 formulas virCevT,
Semdeg
radgan -s garda yvela mniSvneloba viciT:
orTqlmavalis jamur kinetikur energias
2 = 02 + 2a(x x0),
= 40,8 m/wm (daaxloebiT 150 km/sT)
saSualebiT
orive
K = 2(1 m2) = (1,22 105 kg)(40,8 m/wm)2

2
= 2 108 j
mTliani manZilis naxevari):
anu
formulis
gamovTvliT:
sadac 0 = 0 da xx0 =3,2103 m (liandagis
2 =0 + 2(0,26m/wm2)(3,2103m)
7.1
9,8 m/w2
(pasuxi)
miRebuli Sedegi cxadyofs, rom orTql

mavalebis Sejaxeba bombis afeTqebis magvari
iqneboda.
7.4. muSaoba
Tu saganze ZaliT imoqmedebT da mis siCqares gazrdiT, sagnis kinetikuri energiac gaizrdeba.
aseve, Tu saganze ZaliT imoqmedebT da mis siCqares SeamcirebT, kinetikuri energiac Sesabamisad
Semcirdeba. kinetikuri energiis cvlilebis SefasebisTvis vambobT, rom Zalam energia Tqvenidan
saganze an piriqiT gadaitana.
Zalis saSualebiT energiis gadacemis dros Zala saganze W muSaobas asrulebs. muSaobis
gansazRvreba Semdegia:
W muSaoba aris saganze moqmedi Zalis saSualebiT sagnidan an sagnisTvis gadacemuli

energia. sagnisTvis gadacemuli energia dadebiTi muSaobaa, xolo sagnidan gamosuli
energia - uaryofiTi muSaoba.
maSasadame, `muSaoba~ gadacemuli energiaa, xolo `muSaobis Seasruleba~ - energiis gadacemis
procesi. muSaobis erTeuli energiis erTeulia da muSaoba skalaruli sididea.
termini gadacema sakmaod damabneveli SeiZleba gaxdes. is ar niSnavs, rom raime nivTiereba
saganze gadadis an sagnidan gamodis. energiis gadacema, magaliTad, wylis dinebas, sulac ar
gavs. es ufro bankis erTi angariSidan meoreze fulis eleqtronuli gadatanis msgavsia. erTi
angariSis ricxvi mcirdeba, xolo meorisa izrdeba, sinamdvileSi ki or angariSs Soris araviTari
nivTiereba ar moZraobs.
yuradReba miaqcieT, rom sityva `muSaoba~ ar niSnavs fizikurad an gonebrivad Sesrulebul
samuSaos. magaliTad, rodesac kedels Zlierad awvebiT, kunTebis permanentuli daZabvis Sedegad
daiRlebiT anu muSaobT, magram es ar niSnavs, rom Tqvensa da kedels Soris energiis gadacema
xdeba anu kedelze muSaoba sruldeba.
gaugebrobis Tavidan asacileblad W simbolos mxolod muSaobisTvis gamoviyenebT, xolo wonas
misi eqvivalenturi mg simboloTi warmovadgenT.
7.5. muSaoba da kinetikuri energia

muSaobis gamosaxuleba
modiT, ganvixiloT gaxvretili burTula, romelic horizontaluri x RerZis gaswvriv
gadaWimul, xaxunisgan Tavisufal
mavTulze misrialebs (sur. 7.2). burTulaze mavTulisadmi
kuTxiT daxrili, mudmivi F Zala moqmedebs da mas mavTulis gaswvriv aCqarebs. Zalasa da
aCqarebas Soris kavSiris dasadgenad x RerZis gaswvrivi komponentebisTvis niutonis meore
202
Tavi 7

kanoni CavweroT:
Fx = max ,
(7.3)
sadac m aris burTulis masa. Zala d gadaadgilebis

gavlis Semdeg burTulis siCqaris
sawyis mniSvnelobas
raime sxva mniSvnelobiT cvlis. vinaidan Zala mudmivia,

aCqarebac mudmivia. aqedan gamomdinare, x RerZis gaswvrivi
sur. 7.2.
mavTulze mosriale burTu
laze d gadaadgilebisadmi
kuTxis
mdgeneli F mudmivi Zala moqmedebs

da mis siCqares
-dan
-ze cvlis.
0
`kinetikuri energiis sawyao~ burTulis
kinetikuri energiis cvlilebas asaxavs.
Ki sawyisi kinetikuri energiaa, xolo Kf
saboloo kinetikuri energia.
komponentebisTvis 2.16 formula SeiZleba Caiweros:
2 = 02 + 2axd.
(7.4)
am formulis ax-sTvis amoxsna, Semdeg 7.3 formulaSi Casma

da gardaqmnebi mogvcems:
1 m2
2
1 m02 = Fxd
2
(7.5)
formulis marcxena mxaris pirveli wevri d gadaadgilebis
bolos burTulis Kf kinetikuri energiaa, xolo meore wevri - Ki kinetikuri energia gadaadgilebis
dasawyisSi. 7.5 formulis marcxena mxare gvauwyebs, rom kinetikuri energia Zalis moqmedebiT
Seicvala, xolo formulis marjvena mxaris Tanaxmad es cvlileba Fxd-s tolia. maSasadame, Zalis
mier burTulaze Sesrulebuli W muSaobaa:
W = Fxd
(7.6)
Tu Fx da d sidideebi viciT, maSin am formulis gamoyenebiT Zalis mier burTulaze Sesrulebul
W muSaobas gamovTvliT.
moZraobisas Zalis mier saganze Sesrulebuli muSaobis gamoTvlisTvis mxolod

gadaadgilebis gaswvriv Zalis komponents viyenebT. gadaadgilebis perpendikularuli
Zalis komponenti muSaobas ar asrulebs.
7.2 suraTze Cans, rom Fx = Fcos, sadac aris kuTxe
d gadaadgilebis mimarTulebasa da F
Zalas Soris. 7.6 formula ufro zogadi saxiTac SeiZleba Caiweros:
W=Fdcos (mudmivi Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba)
(7.7)

es formula gamosadegia, Tu F, d da sidideebi viciT. vinaidan formulis marjvena mxare F d
skalaruli namravlis tolia, amitom:
W= F d
(mudmivi Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba),
(7.8)
sadac F aris F Zalis mniSvneloba (sidide). 7.8 formula gansakuTrebulad maSin xdeba
mosaxerxebeli, rodesac F da d erTeulovan-veqtorul CanawerSi aris mocemuli.
gafrTxileba: 7.6-7.8 formulebis gamoyenebaze ori SezRudva arsebobs: 1) Zala unda iyos
mudmivi anu misi sidide sagnis moZraobis dros ar unda icvlebodes da 2) sagani nivTieri
wertilis magvari unda iyos anu is unda iyos myari da misi yvela nawili erTdroulad moZraobdes.
mocemul TavSi mxolod nivTieri wertilis magvar sagnebs
da mudmivi Zalis SemTxvevebs ganvixilavT.
muSaobis niSani. Zalis mier saganze Sesrulebuli

muSaoba SeiZleba iyos dadebiTi an uaryofiTi. magaliTad
Tu 7.7 formulaSi kuTxe 90-ze naklebia, maSin cos da
Sesabamisad muSaobac dadebiTia. rodesac kuTxe 90-ze
sur. 7.3. sawolebiT rbolis monawile.
sawoli da misi mgzavri nivTier
wertilad SegviZlia miviCnioT, raTa
monawilis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
muSaoba gamovTvaloT.
metia (180-mde), cos da Sesabamisad muSaobac uaryofiTia.

zemoT miRebul Sedegebs martiv wesamde davyavarT.
muSaobis niSnis gasagebad Zalis veqtoris gadadaadgilebis
paraleluri komponenti unda ganvixiloT.
203
7.5. muSaoba da kinetikuri energia

Zala dadebiT muSaobas asrulebs, rodesac misi veqtoruli komponentis mimarTuleba
gadaadgilebis mimarTulebas emTxveva da uaryofiT muSaobas asrulebs, rodesac
veqtoruli komponentis mimarTuleba gadaadgilebis mimarTulebis sapirispiroa.
veqtoruli komponentis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi Zala muSaobas ar asrulebs.
muSaobis erTeulebi. SI sistemaSi muSaobis da kinetikuri energiis erTeuli joulia. 7.6 da

7.7 formulebidan Cans, rom joulis eqvivalenturi erTeulia nm, xolo britanul sistemaSi
futifunti. gavSaloT 7.2 formula da miviRebT:
1j = 1kgm2/wm2 = 1nm = 0,738 futifunti
(7.9)
ramdenime Zalis mier Sesrulebuli jamuri muSaoba. rodesac saganze ori an meti Zala moqmedebs,
jamuri muSaoba calkeuli Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaobaTa jamis tolia. jamuri muSaoba
ori meTodiT SegviZlia gamovTvaloT: 1) gamovTvaloT TiToeuli Zalis mier
Sesrulebuli
Ft gamovTvaloT,
Semdeg ki 7.7 formulis gamoyenebiT F-is nacvlad Ft CavsvaT, xolo -s nacvlad - Ft -sa da d -s
muSaoba da Semdeg SevkriboT, 2) Tavdapirvelad am Zalebis tolqmedis sidide
Soris kuTxe.
muSaoba-kinetikuri energiis Teorema

7.5 formula burTulis kinetikuri energiis cvlilebas burTulaze Sesrulebul W (=Fxd)
muSaobasTan akavSirebs. nivTieri wertilis magvari sagnebisTvis am formulis ganzogadeba
SesaZlebelia. davuSvaT, K aris sagnis kinetikuri energiis cvlileba, xolo W masze
Sesrulebuli jamuri muSaoba. amis Semdeg SegviZlia davweroT:
K = Kf Ki = W
7.10 formulis Tanaxmad:

wertilis kinetikuri
energiis cvlileba
) (
=
wertilze Sesrulebuli
jamuri muSaoba
(7.10)
7.10 formula asec SeiZleba daiweros:

es formula gvauwyebs:
kinetikuri energia jamuri
muSaobis Sesrulebis Semdeg
Kf = Ki + W
) (
=
kinetikuri energia jamuri

muSaobis Sesrulebamde
) (
=
(7.11)
Sesrulebuli jamuri
muSaoba
zemoT moyvanili mtkicebebi muSaoba-kinetikuri energiis Teoremis saxeliT aris cnobili.

is gamosadegia, rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi muSaobisTvis. Tu wertilze Sesrulebuli
jamuri muSaoba dadebiTia, maSin wertilis kinetikuri energia muSaobis odenobiT izrdeba. Tu
jamuri muSaoba uaryofiTia, maSin wertilis kinetikuri energia muSaobis odenobiT mcirdeba.
magaliTad, Tu wertilis kinetikuri energiaa 5j da mas 2j energia gadaecema, saboloo kinetikuri
energia 7j iqneba. 2 j energiis gamosvlis SemTxvevaSi wertilis saboloo energia 3 j gaxdeba.
sakontrolo wertili 1. wertili x RerZis gaswvriv moZraobs. rodesac wertilis siCqare
icvleba a) 3m/wm-dan 2m/wm-mde da b) 2m/wm-dan 2m/wm-mde, misi kinetikuri energia izrdeba,
mcirdeba Tu ar icvleba? g) TiToeul SemTxvevaSi wertilze Sesrulebuli muSaoba
dadebiTia, uaryofiTia Tu nulis tolia?
204
Tavi 7
7.2

ori Spioni 225kg masis seifs d=8,5m manZilze
001
12n sididis da
horizontalidan qvemoT 30-iT daxrili F1

ZaliT moqmedebs, xolo 002 Spioni 10n sididis
da horizontalidan zemoT 40-iT daxrili F2

miacurebs.
Spioni
ZaliT cdilobs seifis mitanas daniSnulebis

adgilamde.
moZraobis
dros
am
Zalebis
sidideebi da mimarTulebebi ar icvleba, xolo

seifsa da zedapirs Soris xaxuni ar arsebobs.
F1 da F2 Zalebi
seifze d gadaadgilebis ganmavlobaSi?

a) ra jamur muSaobas asruleben
amoxsna: ori Zalis mier seifze Sesrulebuli
W jamuri muSaoba calkeuli muSaobebis jamis

tolia. garda amisa, seifi nivTieri wertilia
da Zalebis sidideebi da mimarTulebebi ar
icvleba.
maSasadame,
muSaobis
gamoTvli
sTvis 7.7 (W=Fdcos) an 7.8 formula (W=

F d )
SegviZlia
b) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki seifisTvis
mimarTuleba ar icvleba, maT mier Sesru

lebuli muSaoba 7.7 formuliT SegviZlia
gamovTvaloT. mizidulobis Zalis sididea mg
da gveqneba:
Wgmgd cos 90 = mgd(0) = 0
da
WN = FN d cos90 = FN d(0) = 0 (pasuxi)
(pasuxi)
vinaidan
amgvari Sedegis winaswar gamocnoba namdvilad
Zalebis sidideebi da mimarTulebebi viciT,
SegveZlo. vinaidan es Zalebi seifis gadaad
7.7
am
gilebis perpendikularulad aris mimarTuli,
formulidan da 7.4b suraTze gamosaxuli
seifze muSaobas ar asruleben da energiis
Tavisufali
sxeulis grafikidan gamomdinare
gadacema ar xdeba.
formula
gamoviyenoT.
sur. 7.4. a) ori Spioni seifs d manZilze gadaadgilebs.
ufro
mosaxerxebelia.
F1 Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaobaa:
W1 = F1d cos 1 = (12 n)(8,5 m)(cos 30) = 88,33 j
F2 Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaobaa:
W2 = F2d cos 2 = (10n)(8,5 m)(cos 40) = 65,11j
g) seifi Tavdapirvelad uZravia. ra iqneba misi
f siCqare 8,5 m-is gavlis Semdeg?

amoxsna:
seifis siCqare icvleba, vinaidan
da
F1
F2 Zalis mier energiis gadacemis dros
maSasadame, jamuri W muSaobaa:
misi kinetikuri energia icvleba. siCqaresa da
muSaobas Soris kavSiris dasadgenad 7.10 da 7.1
W = W1 + W2 = 88,33j + 65,11j
= 153,4j 153j
(pasuxi)
8,5m manZilze gadaadgilebis ganmavlobaSi

Spionebi seifs 153j energias gadascemen.
b) gadaadgilebis ganmavlobaSi ra Wg muSaobas
asrulebs Fg mizidulobis Zala da ra WN
muSaobas asrulebs FN drekadobis Zala

seifze?
amoxsna: vinaidan am ori Zalis sidide da

yuTi Stormis dros molipul avtosadgomze
formulebi gavaerTianoT:
W = Kf Ki = 1 mf2 1 mi2
2
sawyisi i siCqare nulis tolia, xolo mTliani
Sesrulebuli muSaobaa 153,4 j. zemoT miRe

buli formulis f-sTvis amoxsna da monacemebis
Casma mogvcems:
= 1,17 m/w
(pasuxi)
7.3
d = (3
m) manZilze gadaadgildeba da masze
qari F =(2n) +(6n) ucvleli ZaliT moq
a) ra muSaobas asrulebs qari yuTis gadaadgi
medebs. 7.5 suraTze gamosaxulia mocemuli
da
viTareba da koordinatTa RerZebi.
ar icvleba, muSaobis gamoTvlisTvis 7.7
lebis dros?
amoxsna: vinaidan yuTi nivTieri wertilia
qaris
Zalis
sidide
da
mimarTuleba
205
7.6. mizidulobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba

kuri energia
d -s bolos?
amoxsna: vinaidan Zala yuTze uaryofiT
sur. 7.5. d manZilze gadaadgilebisas F ucvleli

Zala anelebs yuTis moZraobas.
(W=Fdcos ) an 7.8 (W = F d ) formula

SegviZlia gamoviyenoT.
F da d erTeulovan-
veqtorul CanawerSi gvaqvs mocemuli, amitom

7.8 formulas virCevT da vwerT:

W = F d = [(2 n) + (6 n) ] [(3 m) ].
, da k k ar aris nuli toli (ix. E
damateba). am SemTxvevaSi viRebT:

(pasuxi)
asrulebs da yuTis kinetikur energias 6j-s

b) Tu
rema 7.11 formulis saxiT gamoviyenoT da

miviRebT:
Kf = Ki + W = 10j + (6 j) = 4 j
(pasuxi)
kinetikuri energia 4 j-mde Semcirda da yuTic

Senelda.
saxulia oTxi mdgomareoba, romlebSic

yuTze Zala moqmedebs da yuTi xaxunisgan
Tavisufal zedapirze d manZils mar
jvnisken gadis. Zalebis sidideebi Tana
maSasadame, Zala yuTze uaryofiT 6j muSaobas

aklebs.
mcirdeba. muSaoba-kinetikuri energiis Teo
sakontrolo wertili 2. suraTze gamo
SesaZlo skalaruli
namravlebidan mxolod

W = (2 n)(3 m) + (6 n)(3 m)
=(6 j)(1) + 0 = 6j
muSaobas asrulebs, yuTis kinetikuri energia
baria da maTi mimarTulebebic naCvenebia.

daalageT mdgomareobebi gadaadgilebis
dros yuTze Sesrulebuli muSaobis mi
xedviT dididan mcireze.
d gadaadgilebis dasawyisSi yuTis
kinetikuri energiaa 10 j, risi tolia kineti
(a)
(g)
(b)
(d)

modiT, mizidulobis Zalis mier saganze Sesrulebuli muSaoba
ganvixiloT. 7.6 suraTze naCvenebia m masis pomidori, romelic
0 sawyisi siCqariT da, maSasadame, Ki=1 m02 kinetikuri
energiiT maRla aisroles. maRla asvlisas pomidors
Fg
mizidulobis Zala anelebs anu mizidulobis Zala pomidorze

muSaobas asrulebs da kinetikuri energia mcirdeba.
vinaidan pomidori nivTier wertilad SegviZlia CavTvaloT,
d gadaadgilebis dros masze Sesrulebuli muSaoba

7.7
formuliT (W = Fd cos ) SegviZlia CavweroT. Fg Zalis

sididea mg da am Zalis mier Sesrulebuli Wg muSaobaa:
Wg= mgd cos (mizidulobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba) (7.12)
sur. 7.6. m masis maRla asrolil
pomidorze Fg mizidulobis Zala

moqmedebs da misi siCqare d ga
daadgilebis dros 0-dan -mde mci
rdeba. kinetikuri energiis sawyao
kinetikuri energiis Ki(=1 m02)-dan
2
maRla asrolili sagnis SemTxvevaSi Fg Zala d gadaadgilebis K (=1 m2)-mde cvlilebas asaxavs.
f
2
sapirispiro mimarTulebisaa, = 180 da gveqneba:
Wg = mgd cos180 = mgd (1) = mgd
(7.13)
minus niSani gvauwyebs, rom maRla asvlis dros saganze moqmedi mizidulobis Zala sagnis
kinetikur energias mgd raodenobas aklebs da, Sesabamisad, sagani neldeba.
mas Semdeg rac sagani maqsimalur simaRles miaRwevs, is vardnas iwyebs da
Fg Zalasa da d
gadaadgilebs Soris kuTxe nulis tolia:
Wg= mgd cos0 = mgd(+1) = +mgd
(7.14)
plius niSani gvauwyebs, rom mizidulobis Zala sagnis kinetikur energias mgd raodenobis
energias umatebs. aqedan gamomdinare sagani Cqardeba.
206
Tavi 7
sagnis awevasa da dabla dawevaze Sesrulebuli muSaoba

warmovidginoT, rom nivTieri wertilis magvar saganze
F vertikaluri ZaliT vmoqmedebT da mas maRla vwevT.
gadaadgilebis dros Cveni Zala saganze Wa dadebiT muSaobas
asrulebs, xolo mizidulobis Zala - uaryofiT Wg muSaobas.

Cvens mier modebuli Zala sagans energias gadascems, xolo
mizidulobis Zala sagnisTvis energiis warTmevas cdilobs.
7.10 formulidan gamomdinare, energiis gadacemebis Sedegad
sagnis kinetikuri energiis K cvlilebaa:
K = Kf Ki = Wa + Wg ,
(7.15)
sur. 7.7. a) modebuli

F Zala sagans
wevs. sagnis d gadaadgileba

sadac Kf aris kinetikuri energia gadaadgilebis dasasruls, maRla
mizidulobis
Zalisadmi f=180
F
g
xolo K kinetikuri energia gadaadgilebis dasawyisSi. igive
i
kuTxes
adgens.
modebuli
Zala
formula sagnis dabla dawevis SemTxvevaSic gamosadegia, saganze dadebiT muSaobas asrulebs.
Tumca am SemTxvevaSi mizidulobis Zala sagans energias b) modebuli F Zala sagans dabla
gadascems, xolo Cvens mier modebuli Zala sagans energias wevs. sagnis d gadaadgileba Fg
mizidulobis Zalisadmi f=0 kuTxes
arTmevs.
adgens. modebuli Zala saganze
gavrcelebuli SemTxvevaa, rodesac awevamde da awevis uaryofiT muSaobas asrulebs.
Semdeg sagani uZravia. magaliTad, warmovidginoT, rom wigns
iatakidan Taroze debT. am SemTxvevaSi Kf da Ki kinetikuri energiebi nulis tolia da 7.15
formula Semdeg saxeze daiyvaneba:
Wa + Wg = 0
anu
Wa=Wg
(7.16)
yuradReba miaqcieT, rom igive Sedegs miviRebT, Tu kinetikuri energiebi erTmaneTis tolia.
orive SemTxvevaSi miRebuli Sedegi niSnavs, rom modebuli Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba
mizidulobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaobis Sebrunebulia anu modebuli Zala sagans
igive raodenobis energias gadascems, rasac mizidulobis Zala sagans arTmevs. 7.12 formulis
gamoyenebiT 7.16 formula ase SeiZleba Caiweros:
Wa =mgd cos (awevasa da dawevaze Sesrulebuli muSaoba; Kf=Ki)
(7.17)
sadac aris kuTxe Fg -sa da d -s Soris. Tu gadaadgileba vertikalurad zeviT aris mimarTuli
(sur. 7.7a), maSin = 180 da modebuli Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaobaa mgd. Tu gadaadgileba
vertikalurad qvemoT aris mimarTuli (sur. 7.7b), maSin = 0 da modebuli Zalis mier Sesru
lebuli muSaoba mgd-s utoldeba.
7.16 da 7.17 formulebi nebismier mdgomareobas Seesabameba, rodesac sagans maRla an dabla weven
da awevamde da awevis Semdeg sagani uZravia. formulebi modebuli Zalis sidideze damokidebuli
ar aris. magaliTad, Tu iatakidan Wiqas aiRebT da Tavs zemoT daiWerT, Tqveni Zala awevis dros
mniSvnelovnad Seicvleba. miuxedavad amisa, awevamde da awevis Semdeg Wiqa uZravia da Tqveni
Zalis mier Wiqaze Sesrulebuli muSaoba 7.16 da 7.17 formulebiT gamoiTvleba, sadac mg aris
Wiqis wona, xolo d - awevis manZili.
7.4
tvirTebis awevaSi legendad iqca (sur. 7.8).
1sm simaRleze
awia. platformaze mTlianad 27900n wonis
erT-erTi misi Sedegi dRemde rekordia.
avtomobilis nawilebi da tyviiT savse seifi
anedersoni xis platformis qveS moixara,
iyo ganlagebuli.
50-ian wlebSi, pol andersoni uzarmazari
xelebiT patara taburetebs daeyrdno da
platforma
daaxloebiT
207
a) tvirTis awevis dros ra muSaoba Seasrula
Fg mizidulobis Zalam tvirTze?
amoxsna: tvirTi erT nivTier wertilad

SegviZlia miviCnioT, vinaidan misi nawilebi
erTdroulad moZraobdnen. amis Semdeg 7.12
formulis (Wg = mgd cos) saSualebiT
Fg Za
lis mier tvirTze Sesrulebul Wg muSaobas

gamovTvliT. qvemoT mimarTul mizidulobis
Zalasa da zemoT mimarTul gadaadgilebas
Soris kuTxea 180. es da sxva monacemebi 7.12
formulaSi CavsvaT da miviRebT:
Wg = mgd cos = (27900 n)(0,01 m)(cos180)

= 280 j
(pasuxi)
sur. 7.8. pol andersonma platforma da moxaliseebis

jgufi zurgiT awia
b) ra muSaoba Seasrula andersonis mier

Sebrunebulia. 7.16 formula swored amgvar
modebulma Zalam tvirTis awevaze?

amoxsna: andersonis mier tvirTze modebuli
Zalis
gamosaxuleba
gvqondes,
misi
Zala
ar
gvaqvs
da
namdvilad
romc
ar
iyo
mdgomareobas asaxavs:
WA = Wg = +280 j
(pasuxi)
miRebuli raodenobis muSaoba skolis gate
mudmivi. aqedan gamomdinare, 7.7 formulaSi
nili
Zalis sididis Casma da muSaobis gamoTvla
ki sakmarisia. maSin ratom iyo andersonis
SeuZlebelia. miuxedavad amisa, viciT, rom
Sedegi gasaocari? pasuxi is aris, rom muSaoba
awevamde da awevis Semdeg tvirTi uZravia.
da Zala sxvadasxva sidideebia. andersonis
aqedan gamomdinare, andersonis

Zalis mier
miRwevas ar sWirdeboda didi raodenobis
Zalis
Zala namdvilad aucilebeli iyo.
Sesrulebuli WA muSaoba Fg mizidulobis

mier
Sesrulebuli
muSaobis
zurgCanTis
iatakidan
aRebisTvisac
energiis gadacema, samagierod, uzarmazari
7.5
15kg masis Tavdapirvelad uZrav yuTs Tokis

saSualebiT xaxunisgan Tavisufal daxril
zedapirze d=5,7m manZilze gadaaadgileben.
h=2,5m simaRleze yuTi Cerdeba (sur. 7.9a).
zedapiri
a) ra Wg muSaobas asrulebs yuTze Fg mizi

dulobis Zala gadaadgilebisas?
(a)
amoxsna: Cven SegviZlia yuTi nivTier wer

tilad miviCnioT da
Fg Zalis mier masze
Sesrulebuli Wg muSaobis gamoTvlisTvis

7.12 formula (Wg = mgd cos ) gamoviyenoT
miuxedavad imisa, rom
Fg -sa da d -s Soris
kuTxe ar viciT. 7.9b suraTze gamosaxulia

Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki yuTisTvis da
Cans, rom =+90, sadac aris sibrtyis
daxris kuTxe. 7.12 formula gvaZlevs:
Wg = mgd cos (+90) = mgd sin
(b)
sur. 7.9. a) yuTi xaxunisgan Tavisufal

daxril
(7.18)
sibrtyeze sibrtyisadmi paraleluri T Zalis moqme

debiT gadaadgildeba. b)
Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki
yuTisTvis. naCvenebia d gadaadgilebac.
208
Tavi 7
zemoT miRebuli formulis gamartivebisTvis
cvlileba nulis tolia. yuTze Sesrulebuli
trigonometriuli
jamuri W muSaobis gamoTvlisTvis yuTze
igiveoba
gamoviyeneT.
miRebuli Sedegi erTi SexedviT arafers
moqmedi
ar gvaZlevs, vinaidan ucnobia, magram 7.9
muSaoba
unda SevkriboT. a)-dan ukve viciT, rom
suraTze Cans, rom d sin = h, sadac h CvenTvis

cnobili sididea. amis Semdeg 7.18 formula
mogvcems:
Wg = mgh

= (15 kg)(9,8 m/wm2)(2,5 m)
= 386 j
(7.19)
(pasuxi)
mier Sesrulebuli Wg muSaoba vertikalur

damokidebuli
Zalis
mier
Sesrulebuli
Fg mizidulobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli Wg
muSaoba 386j-ia, sibrtyidan yuTze moqmedi
FN drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
WN muSaoba nulis tolia, vinaidan FN Zala

gadaadgilebis
7.19 formulis Tanaxmad mizidulobis Zalis

gadaadgilebazea
samive
da
perpendikularulia.
Cven
mxolod T -s mier Sesrulebuli WT muSaoba

dagvrCa. muSaoba-kinetikuri energiis Teo
remis Tanaxmad:
K = WT + Wg + WN
ara
horizontalur gadaadgilebaze.
b) ra WT muSaobas asrulebs yuTze Tokidan
moqmedi T Zala gadaadgilebis dros?
amoxsna: 7.7 formulaSi (W = Fd cos ) F-is

nacvlad T-s ver CavsvamT, vinaidan T-s mniS
vneloba ar viciT. samagierod SegviZlia yuTi
nivTier wertilad miviCnioT da mas muSaobakinetikuri energiis Teorema(K=W) mivu
sadagoT. awevamde da awevis Semdeg yuTi
uZravia, amitom misi kinetikuri energiis K
anu
0 = WT 368j + 0
da
WT = 368 j
(pasuxi)
sakontrolo wertili 3. davuSvaT, yuTs

igive h simaRlemde, oRond ufro grZel
daxril sibrtyeze vamoZravebT. a) T Zalis

mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba metia, naklebia
Tu ar icvleba?
b) yuTis moZraobisTvis
saWiro
T Zalis sidide metia, naklebia Tu
ar icvleba?
7.6
m=500kg masis lifti i = 4m/wm siCqariT qvemoT

Cadis, gvarli fuWdeba da kabina a = g / 5
mudmivi aCqarebiT vardeba (sur. 7.10a).
a) d = 12m manZilze vardnis
ganmavlobaSi ra
Wg muSaobas asrulebs Fg mizidulobis Zala

kabinaze?
amoxsna: kabina SegviZlia nivTier wertilad
miviCnioT da
Fg Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
Wg muSaoba 7.12 formuliT (Wg = mgd cos )

gamovTvaloT.
7.10b suraTidan Cans, rom
Zalasa da
Fg
d gadaadgilebas Soris kuTxe 0 -ia.

0
maSasadame, 7.12 formula gvaZlevs:
Wg = mgd cos0 = (500 kg)(9,8 m/wm2)(12m)(1)

= 5,88104 j 59 kj
(pasuxi)
b) 12m-iani vardnis ganmavlobaSi ra WT muSao

bas
asrulebs
kabinaze
liftis
gvarlis
gaswvriv zemoT mimarTuli
T Zala?
amoxsna:
(W=Fdcos)
7.7
formulis
sa
(a)
(b)
sur. 7.10. liftis kabina i siCqariT qvemoT eSveba da

aCqarebas iwyebs. a) kabina d manZils a = g/5 mudmivi
aCqarebiT gadis. b) Tavisufali sxeulis grafiki
kabinisTvis. naCvenebia gadaadgilebac.
209
7.7. drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba

SualebiT
WT
Tavdapirvelad
muSaobas
gamovTvliT,
Tu
T sididis gamosaxulebas
Sesabamisad, kinetikuri energiac icvleba.

aqedan
gamomdinare,
7.16
formula
am
miviRebT. am gamosaxulebis miReba y RerZis
SemTxvevaSi gamousadegaria.
gaswvrivi komponentebisTvis niutonis meore
g) ra jamuri W muSaoba sruldeba kabinaze
kanonis CaweriT SeiZleba:
T Fg = ma
es formula T-sTvis amovxsnaT, Fg-s nacvlad
mg CavsvaT da miRebuli Sedegi 7.7 formulaSi
vardnis ganmavlobaSi?
amoxsna: jamuri muSaoba kabinaze moqmedi
Zalebis mier Sesrulebuli muSaobebis jamia:
W = Wg + WT = 5,88104 j 4,7 104 j
gadavitanoT:
= 1,18104 j 12 kj
WT = Td cos = m(a+g)d cos

Semdeg qvemoT mimarTuli a aCqarebis nacvlad
d) risi tolia kabinis kinetikuri energia
kuTxis nacvlad 180:
amoxsna: kabinis kinetikuri energia icvleba,
g/5 CavsvaT, xolo T da mg Zalebs Soris
4
g
WT = m + g d cos = mgd cos
5
5
4
= (500 kg)(9,8 m/w2)(12 m) cos 180
5
= 4,7 104 j 47 kj
(pasuxi)
yuradReba miaqcieT, rom WT ar aris Wg-s

Sebrunebuli. amis mizezi is aris, rom kabina
vardnis dros Cqardeba, misi siCqare da,
12m-iani vardnis dasasruls?

vinaidan masze jamuri muSaoba sruldeba. 7.1
formulidan gamomdinare, vardnis dasawyisSi
1
kinetikuri energiaa Ki= 2 mi2. amis Semdeg 7.11

formula aseT saxes iRebs:
1
2
Kf = Ki + W = mi2 + W
1
2
= (500kg)(4m/wm)2 + 1,18104 j
= 1,58 104 j 16kj
(pasuxi)

am TavSi cvladi Zalis garkveuli saxeobis, kerZod, drekadobis Zalis anu zambaridan moqmedi
Zalis mier nivTieri wertilis magvar saganze Sesrulebul muSaobas ganvixilavT. bunebaSi
arsebul mraval Zalas drekadobis Zalis magvari maTematikuri forma aqvs. aqedan gamomdinare,
am Zalis Seswavlis dros mravali sxva Zalis bunebas gavigebT.
drekadobis Zala
7.11 suraTze naCvenebia moSvebul mdgomareobaSi myofi zambara anu rodesac zambara SekumSuli
an daWimuli ar aris. zambaris erTi bolo damagrebulia, xolo meore boloze nivTieri wertilis
magvari sagani, magaliTad, blokia mibmuli. Tu bloks marjvniv gavwevT da zambaras davWimavT
(7.11b suraTi), zambara bloks marcxnisken ubiZgebs (vinaidan drekadobis Zala zambaras pirvandel
mdgomareobaSi abrunebs, mas aRmdgen Zalasac uwodeben). Tu bloks marcxnisken vubiZgebT da
zambaras SevkumSavT (7.11g suraTi), zambara bloks marjvnisken ubiZgebs.
zambaraze
Catarebuli mravali eqsperimentiT gamarTlebulia daSveba, rom zambaridan moqmedi
Fs Zala zambaris Tavisufali bolos d gadaadgilebis proporciulia.

(7.20)
Fs = - k d (hukis kanoni) ,
sadac Fs aris drekadobis Zala. es formula hukis kanonis saxeliTaa cnobili. robert huki
ingliseli mecnieri iyo, romelic me-17 saukuneSi moRvaweobda. 7.20 formulaSi gamoyenebuli
minus niSani gvauwyebs, rom drekadobis Zala yovelTvis zambaris Tavisufali bolos
gadaadgilebis mimarTulebis sapirispiroa. k mudmivas zambaris sixiste ewodeba da igi zambaris
elastiurobis maxasiaTebelia. rac ufro metia k, miT ufro araelastiuria zambara anu miT
ufro meti Zalaa saWiro mocemuli gadaadgilebis misaRwevad. SI sistemaSi k-s erTeulia n/m.
210
Tavi 7

7.11 suraTze x RerZi zambaris sigrZis paraleluradaa
gavlebuli da misi aTvlis saTave (x=0) zambaris Tavisufali
bolos mdebareobas emTxveva, rodesac zambara moSvebulia.
amgvari ganlagebis SemTxvevaSi 7.20 formula Semdegi saxiT
SeiZleba Caiweros:
Fx = kx (hukis kanoni).
(7.21)
wina formulisgan gansxvavebiT, amjerad indeqsia Secvlili.

Tu x dadebiTia (zambara x RerZis marjvniskenaa daWimuli),
Fx uaryofiTia (biZgi marcxniskenaa mimarTuli), xolo Tu

x dadebiTia (zambara marcxniskenaa SekumSuli), maSin Fx
dadebiTia (biZgi marjvniskenaa mimarTuli).
gaiTvaliswineT, rom drekadobis Zala cvalebadia, vinaidan is
zambaris Tavisufali bolos x mdebareobis funqciaa. aqedan
gamomdinare, Fx Zala F(x) simboloTi SegviZlia aRvniSnoT.
aseve yuradReba miaqcieT, rom hukis kanoni Fx-sa da x-s Soris
sur. 7.11. a) zambara moSvebul
mdgomareobaSi. x RerZis aTvlis

saTave zambaris blokTan mierTebis
d
bolos emTxveva. b) bloki
manZilze gadaadgildeba, zambaris
gaWimvis
sidide x dadebiTia da
Fs drekadobis ZaliT moqmedebs.

g) zambaris SekumSvis sidide x
uaryofiTia da am SemTxvevaSic
aRmdgeni Zala moqmedebs.
wrfiv damokidebulebas asaxavs.
drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba

7.11a suraTze gamosaxuli blokis moZraobis dros drekadobis
Zalis
mier
Sesrulebuli
muSaobis
gamoTvlisTvis
ori
mniSvnelovani daSvebis gakeTebaa saWiro: 1) zambaras masa ar
gaaCnia anu misi masa blokis masasTan SedarebiT umniSvneloa da

2) zambara idealuria anu is hukis kanons zustad emorCileba.
garda amisa, davuSvaT, rom bloksa da zedapirs Soris xaxuni ar arsebobs da bloki nivTieri
wertilis magvari sagania.
Tavdapirvelad bloks vubiZgoT marjvnisken da avamoZraoT. bloki marjvnisken gadaadgildeba,
masze Fx drekadobis Zala muSaobas asrulebs da blokis kinetikuri energia (maSasadame siCqarec)
mcirdeba. 7.7 formulis saSualebiT am muSaobis gamoTvla SeuZlebelia, vinaidan formulaSi
mudmivi Zala unda Sediodes, drekadobis Zala ki cvalebadia.
zambaris mier Sesrulebuli muSaobis dadgenas gamoTvlebi dasWirdeba. modiT blokis sawyisi
mdebareoba xi simboloTi aRvniSnoT, xolo momdevno mdebareoba xf simboloTi. Semdeg am or
mdebareobas Soris manZili Zalian mcire x sigrZis segmentebad davyoT. es segmentebi xi-dan
dawyebuli 1, 2 da a.S. ricxvebiT aRvniSnoT. blokis mier TiToeuli segmentis gavlis dros
drekadobis Zala ar icvleba, vinaidan segmentis zomis simciris gamo x TiTqmis ucvlelia.
aqedan gamomdinare, segmentSi moqmedi Zalis mniSvneloba mudmivad SegviZlia miviCnioT. Zalis
mniSvneloba segmentebis mixedviT iyos Fx1, Fx2 da a.S.
vinaidan TiToeul segmentSi Zala mudmivia, 7.7 formulis saSualebiT TiToeul segmentSi
Sesrulebuli muSaobis gamoTvla SesaZlebeli xdeba. am SemTxvevaSi, = 180 da cos = 1. pirvel
segmentSi Sesrulebuli muSaobaa Fx1x, meore segmentSi Sesrulebuli muSaoba _ Fx2x da a.S.
zambaris mier Sesrulebuli jamuri Ws muSaoba xi-dan xf-mde am muSaobebis jamis tolia:
(7.22)
sadac j aris segmentebis rigiTi nomeri. zRvarSi x nulisken miiswrafis da 7.22 formula aseT
saxes iRebs:
(7.23)
211

7.21 formulidan gamomdinare Fx Zalis sididea kx da gveqneba:
x
= ( 1k)[x2]xf = ( 1k)[x2]xi ( 1 k)(xf2 xi2).
(7.24)
gadamravlebis Semdeg miviRebT:
Ws = 1 kxi2 1 kxf2
(drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba)
(7.25)
drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli Ws muSaoba SeiZleba iyos dadebiTi an uaryofiTi, rac
imazea damokidebuli blokidan gamodis energia Tu bloks gadaecema. gafrTxileba: xf saboloo

mdebareoba 7.25 formulis marjvena mxaris meore wevria. aqedan gamomdinare, 7.25 formula
gvauwyebs:
Ws muSaoba dadebiTia, Tu bloki moSvebul mdebareobasTan (x=0) ufro axlos Cerdeba,

vidre Tavdapirvelad iyo. Ws muSaoba uaryofiTia, Tu bloki x=0 mdebareobidan
moSorebiT Cerdeba. Tu x=0 mdebareobidan manZili ucvlelia, maSin Ws muSaoba nulis
tolia.
Tu xi = 0 da saboloo mdebareobaa x, maSin 7.25 formula gvaZlevs:
Ws = 1 kx2 (drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba)

2
modebuli Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba

amjerad warmoidgineT, rom bloki x RerZis gaswvriv gadaadgildeba da masze
(7.26)
Fa Zala moqmedebas
ganagrZobs. gadaadgilebis dros Cvens mier modebuli Zala blokze Wa muSaobas asrulebs, xolo
drekadobis Zala - Ws muSaobas. energiis gadacemis Sedegad blokis kinetikuri energiis K

cvlilebaa:
K = Kf Ki = Wa + Ws ,
(7.27)
sadac Kf aris kinetikuri energia gadaadgilebis bolos, xolo Ki - kinetikuri energia

gadaadgilebis dasawyisSi. Tu gadaadgilebamde da gadaadgilebis Semdeg bloki uZravia, maSin Kf
da Ki nulis tolebia da 7.27 formula Semdeg saxeze daiyvaneba:
Wa = Ws
(7.28)
Tu zambaraze mimagrebuli bloki gadaadgilebamde da gadaadgilebis Semdeg uZravia, modebuli

Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaobis Sebrunebulia.
gafrTxileba: Tu bloki gadaadgilebamde da gadaadgilebis Semdeg moZraobs, maSin zemoT

moyvanili mtkiceba marTebuli ar aris.
sakontrolo wertili 4. 7.11 suraTze gamosaxuli blokis x RerZis gaswvriv sawyisi da saboloo
mdebareobebia: a) 3sm, 2sm; b) 2sm, 3sm da g) 2sm, 2sm. TiToeul mdgomareobaSi drekadobis Zalis
mier blokze Sesrulebuli muSaoba dadebiTia, uaryofiTia Tu nulis tolia?
7.7
kanfetebiT savse paketi xaxunisgan Tavisufal
amoxsna:
magidaze devs da zambaris Tavisufal bo
drekadobis Zala masze 7.25 an 7.26 formuliT
loze 7.11a suraTis msgavsad aris mibmuli.
mocemul muSaobas asrulebs. sawyisi xi koor
x1=12mm koordinatze paketis gaCerebisTvis

marjvnisken moqmedi Fa=4,9n Zalaa saWiro.
a) ra muSaobas asrulebs drekadobis Zala
paketze, Tu paketi x=0
koordinatidan
x2=17mm koordinatze gadaadgildeba?
rodesac
paketi
gadaadgildeba,
dinatia 0, xolo saboloo xf kordinatia 17mm.

zambaris k sixiste ucnobia.
7.21 formuliT k-s gamoTvla SesaZlebelia.

Tu paketi x1=12mm koordinatze uZravad aris
gaCerebuli, drekadobis Zalam modebuli Zala
212
Tavi 7
unda gaawonasworos. maSasadame, Fx drekadobis

Zala 4,9n unda iyos. 7.21 formula gvaZlevs:
F
4,9 n
k= x =
= 408 n/m
x1
12 103 m
rodesac paketi x2=17mm kordinatzea, 7.26
amoxsna: amjerad xi =+17mm da xf =12mm. 7.25

formula gvaZlevs:
Ws = 1 kxi2 1 kxf2 =1 k(xi2 xf2)

2
Ws = 1 kx22 = 1 (408 n/m)(17 103 m)2

2
= 0,059 j
(pasuxi)
b) Semdeg paketi marcxniv gadaadgildeba
x3=12mm koordinatze. ra muSaobas asrulebs

drekadobis Zala paketze am gadaadgilebis
dros?
= 0,03 j = 30 mj
formulidan gamomdinareobs:
= 1 (408 n/m)[(17 103 m)2 (12 103 m)2]

(pasuxi)
drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaob

a
dadebiTia, vinaidan drekadobis Zala xi=+17mm
koordinatidan moSvebuli mdgomareobisken
gadaadgilebis
dros
ufro
met
dadebiT
muSaobas asrulebs, vidre moSvebuli mdgo

mareobidan xf=12mm koordinatze gadaad
gilebis dros uaryofiTi muSaoba sruldeba.
7.8
7.12 suraTze m=0,4kg masis yuTi xaxunisgan

Tavisufal
horizontalur
zedapirze
=0,5m/wm siCqariT misrialebs da k=750n/m

sixistis zambaras kumSavs. rodesac zambara
yuTs aCerebs, ra d manZiliT aris zambara
SekumSuli?
zedapiri
sur. 7.12. m masis yuTi k sixistis zambarisken

siCqariT moZraobs.
amoxsna:
1. drekadobis Zalis mier yuTze Sesrulebuli

Ws muSaoba da saWiro d manZili erTmaneTs
7.26 formuliT ukavSirdeba (Ws=1 kx2),
2
sadac d cvlis x-s.
2. Ws muSaoba da yuTis kinetikuri energia
erTmaneTs 7.10 formuliT (Kf Ki = W) ukav
Sirdeba.
3. yuTis
sawyisi
kinetikuri
energiaa
1
2
K= m , xolo saboloo kinetikuri energia
energiis Teorema Semdegi saxiT CavweroT:
Kf Ki = 1 kd2
2
Semdeg, mesame punqtSi moyvanili mniSvnelo

bebi gaviTvaliswinoT da miviRebT:
0 1 m2 = 1 kd2
2
gamartiveba, d-sTvis amoxsna da cnobili mniS

vnelobebis Casma gvaZlevs:
(gaCerebis momentSi) - nuli.

zemoT CamoTvlili pirveli ori punqti gava
erTianoT da yuTisTvis muSaoba-kinetikuri
= 1,2 102 m = 1,2 sm
(pasuxi)
7.8. cvladi Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba

erTganzomilebiani analizi
modiT 7.2 suraTze gamosaxul mdgomareobas davubrundeT. amjerad Zala x RerZis dadebiTi
mimarTulebisaa, xolo misi sidide x mdebareobasTan erTad icvleba. burTulis moZraobasTan
erTad muSaobis Semsrulebeli Zalis F(x) sidide icvleba. xolo mimarTuleba ucvleli rCeba da
nebismier mdebareobaSi Zalis sidide ar aris damokidebuli droze.
7.13a suraTze gamosaxulia erTganzomilebiani cvladi Zalis grafiki. Cven unda davadginoT am
Zalis mier nivTier wertilze Sesrulebuli muSaobis gamosaxuleba, rodesac wertili xi sawyisi
213
mdebareobidan xf saboloo mdebareobisken gadaadgildeba.

am miznis misaRwevad 7.7 formulas (W=Fdcos) ver gamo
viyenebT, vinaidan is mxolod
F mudmivi ZalisTvis aris
gamosadegi. modiT 7.13a suraTze gamosaxuli mrudis qveda

areali x siganis viwro zolebad davyoT (sur. 7.13b). x
sakmarisad mcirea, raTa am SualedSi F(x) Zala mudmivad
miviCnioT. Fj,saS aris F(x)-is saSualo mniSvneloba romeliRac
j rigis SualedSi da 7.13b suraTis SemTxvevaSi j rigis zolis
(a)
simaRlea.
Tu Fj,saS mudmivia, Zalis mier j rigis SualedSi Sesrulebuli
Wj muSaobis nazrdi 7.7 formulis saSualebiT miaxloebiT
gamoiTvleba:
Wj=Fj,saSx
(7.29)
Fj,saS
7.13b suraTze Wj aris j rigis marTkuTxedis farTobi.
nivTieri wertilis xi-dan xf-mde gadaadgilebis dros Zalis

mier Sesrulebuli jamuri W muSaobis gamoTvlisTvis xi-sa da
xf-s Soris ganlagebuli yvelaze zolis farTobi SevkriboT:

(b)
(7.30)
7.30 formula miaxloebiTia, vinaidan marTkuTxa zolebis

mier moxazuli `konturi~ realur F(x)
mruds mxolod
uaxlovdeba.
Sedegi realurTan ufro miaxloebuli iqneba Tu zolis
x
siganes SevamcirebT da raodenobas gavzrdiT (sur.
7.13g). zolis sigane zRvarSi nulisken miiswrafis, zolebis
(g)
raodenoba usasrulod didia da ufro zust Sedegs viRebT:
(7.31)
es zRvari xi da xf zRvrebs Soris F(x) funqciis integrals

niSnavs da 7.31 formula aseT saxes iRebs:

(muSaoba, cvladi Zala).
(7.32)
Tu F(x) funqcia cnobilia, maSin mas 7.32 formulaSi CavsvamT,

integrirebis Sesabamis zRvrebs SemovitanT da, integrirebiT
muSaobas gamovTvliT. geometriuli TvalsazrisiT muSaoba
aris F(x) mrudsa da x RerZs Soris arealis farTobis toli (xi
da xf zRvrebs Soris, sur. 7.13d).
samganzomilebiani analizi
amjerad ganvixiloT nivTieri wertili, romelzec samganzo
milebiani Zala moqmedebs:
(7.33)
sadac Fx, Fy da Fz komponentebi wertilis mdebareobaze

aris damokidebuli anu TiToeuli komponenti mdebareobis
funqcia SeiZleba iyos. Cven sami gamartiveba Semogvaqvs: 1) Fx
SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos x-ze, magram ara y-ze an z-ze; 2) Fy
(d)
sur.
7.13. a) erTganzomilebiani
F (x) Zalis x gadaadgilebaze da

mokidebulebis grafiki. wertili
xi-dan xf-mde gadaadgildeba. b) gra
fikis qveda areali viwro zolebad
aris dayofili. g) grafikis qveda
areali kidev ufro viwro zolebad
aris dayofili. d) zRvruli Sem
Txveva. Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
muSaoba 7.32 formuliT gamoiTvleba
da x RerZsa da grafiks Soris ga
muqebuli farTobis (xi-sa da xf-s
Soris) tolia.
214
Tavi 7
SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos y-ze, magram ara x-ze an z-ze; 3) Fz SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos z-ze,
magram ara x-ze an y-ze. am SemTxvevaSi wertilis gadaadgilebis nazrdi iqneba:
(7.34)
dW = F dr = Fxdx + Fydy + Fzdz
(7.35)
dr gadaadgilebis dros wertilze F Zalis mier Sesrulebuli dW muSaobis nazrdi 7.8
formuliT gamoiTvleba:
ri sawyisi mdebareobidan
(xi, yi, zi koordinatebi) rf saboloo mdebareobisken (xf,yf,zf koordinatebi)
gadaadgilebis dros F Zalis mier wertilze Sesrulebuli W muSaobaa:

(7.36)
Tu F -s mxolod x komponenti aqvs, maSin 7.36 formulaSi y da z wevrebi nulis tolia da formula
7.32 formulamde daiyvaneba.
muSaoba-kinetikuri energiis Teorema cvladi Zalis SemTxvevaSi

cvladi Zalis mier nivTier wertilze Sesrulebuli muSaoba erTganzomilebian SemTxvevaSi
7.32 formuliT gamoiTvleba. modiT davrwmundeT, rom gamoTvlili muSaoba marTlac nivTieri
wertilis kinetikuri energiis cvlilebis tolia, rogorc amas muSaoba-kinetikuri energiis
Teorema amtkicebs.
ganvixiloT m masis nivTieri wertili, romelic x RerZis gaswvriv moZraobs da masze RerZis
gaswvriv mimarTuli jamuri F(x) Zala moqmedebs. am Zalis mier nivTier wertilze Sesrulebuli
muSaoba xi sawyisi mdebareobidan xf saboloo mdebareobamde gadaadgilebis ganmavlobaSi 7.32
formuliT gamoiTvleba:
(7.37)
sadac niutonis meore kanonis gamoyenebiT F(x) Zala ma-iT SevcvaleT. 7.37 formulaSi madx
sidide ase SeiZleba Caiweros:
dv
dx
dt
(7.38)
dv dv dx dv
= = v ,
dt dx dt dx
(7.39)
dv
v dx = mv dv,
dx
(7.40)
madx = m
gamoTvlis jaWvuri wesidan gamomdinare:

7.38 formula aseT saxes iRebs:
madx = m
7.40 formula 7.37 formulaSi CavsvaT da miviRebT:
= 1 mvf2 1 mvi2
2
(7.41)
yuradReba miaqcieT, rom rodesac cvladi x-dan -ze SevcvaleT, aucilebeli gaxda integralis
zRvrebis axali cvladiT gamosaxva. aseve gaiTvaliswineT, rom m mudmivia da misi integrals
gareT gatana SesaZlebelia.
7.41 formulis marjvena mxares gamosaxuli wevrebi kinetikuri energiebia da viRebT:
W = Kf Ki = K ,
es formula muSaoba-kinetikuri energiis Teoremas asaxavs.
215

epiduraluri
proceduris
dros,
7.9
eqimis
mxridan nemsis SeRwevis SegrZneba cvladi
xi=0-dan xf=0,3m-mde gadaadgilebis
Zalaa, romelmac nemsze unda imoqmedos,
Cven
raTa man qsovilebSi SeaRwios. 7.14a suraTze
ganmavlobaSi Sesrulebuli muSaoba gvWir
gamosaxulia Zalis F sididis nemsis wveris x
deba.
gadaadgilebaze damokidebulebis grafiki.
integralis gamoTvla SesaZlebelia, Tu 7.14a
rodesac x 0-dan zrdas iwyebs, kani nemss
suraTze gamosaxuli grafikis qveda arealis
ewinaaRmdegeba, magram x=8mm mdebareobaze
farTobs gamovTvliT:
Zala sakmarisad Zlieria da nemsi kanSi aRwevs.
W=
amis Semdeg saWiro Zala Semcirebas iwyebs.

nemsi zurgis tvinis iogs gakveTs, rodesac
x=18mm,
xolo
rodesac
x=30mm,
farTobi Zalis grafiksa da
x RerZis Soris, xi-dan xf-mde
Cveni grafiki wrfivi segmentebisgan Sedgeba,
nemsi
amitom SesaZlebelia, rom grafikis qveda
SedarebiT myar myesSi SeaRwevs da Semdeg
areali marTkuTxa da samkuTxa regionebad
nemsis wveri epiduralur sivrceSi xvdeba.
davyoT (sur. 7.14b). magaliTad, samkuTxa A
swored am momentSi Zalis sidide mkveTrad
regionis farTobia
ecema. damwyebma eqima Zalis gadaadgilebaze
farTobiA=1 (0,008m)(12n)=0,048nm=0,048j
damokidebulebis
Tviseba
kargad
unda
Seiswavlos, raTa mixvdes rodis Sewyvitos
mas Semdeg rac yvela dasaTaurebuli regionis
nemsis wveris Seyvana. ra W muSaoba unda
farTobs gavigebT, jamuri muSaobis gamoTvla
Seasrulos nemsze modebulma Zalam, raTa
ar gagviWirdeba:
nemsis
wveri
x=30mm
mdebareobaze
anu
epiduralur sivrceSi moxvdes?

amoxsna: cvladi F(x) Zalis mier Sesrulebul
muSaobas gamovTvliT, Tu gamoviyenebT 7.32
formulas:
W= (A-K regionebis farTobebis jami)

=0,048+0,024+0,012+0,036+0,009+0,001
+0,016+0,048+0,016+0,004+0,024
=0,238j
(pasuxi)
(a)
(b)
sur. 7.14. a) epiduraluri proceduris dros nemsis x gadaadgilebaze Zalis F sididis damokidebulebis grafiki.
b) grafiksa da gadaadgilebis RerZs Soris teritoria regionebad aris dayofili, raTa farTobis gamoTvla
SesaZlebeli gaxdes.
F =(3x2n) +(4n) Zala, sadac x metrebSia,
7.10
amoxsna: amocanaSi moqmedi Zala cvladia,
nivTier wertilze moqmedebs da mis kine
vinaidan misi Fx komponenti x-is mniSvnelo
tikur energias cvlis. ra muSaoba srul
bazea
deba wertilze, rodesac is (2m,3m) koor
Sesrulebuli muSaobis gamoTvlisTvis 7.7 an
dinatebidan (3m,0m) koordinatebze gada
7.8 formulebs ver gamoviyenebT. samagierod
adgildeba? wertilis siCqare izrdeba, mcir
SegviZlia 7.36 formula gamoviyenoT:
deba Tu ar icvleba?
damokidebuli.
aqedan
gamomdinare,
216
Tavi 7

dadebiTi Sedegi niSnavs, rom
=3[ 1 x3]23 +4[y]30 =[33 23] + 4[03]
energias gadascems. aqedan gamomdinare, wer
=7j
F Zala wertils
(pasuxi)
tilis kinetikuri energia da siCqare izrdeba.
7.9. simZlavre
muSam jalambaris saSualebiT agurebi Senobis saxuravze unda aitanos. Cven SegviZlia
jalambaridan tvirTze moqmedi Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba gamovTvaloT, rac tvirTis
awevisTvis aris saWiro. miuxedavad amisa, muSisTvis muSaobis Sesrulebis temps ufro aqvs
mniSvneloba, vidre mis sidides. Cndeba SekiTxva: 5 wuTs waiRebs samuSao Tu mTel kviras?
Zalis mier muSaobis Sesrulebis temps simZlavre ewodeba. Tu Zala t droSi W muSaobas
asrulebs, saSualo simZlavrea:
PsaS =
W
Dt
(saSualo simZlavre)
(7.42)
P myisi simZlavre muSaobis Sesrulebis myisi tempia:

W

P=
(myisi simZlavre)
(7.43)
Dt
davuSvaT Zalis mier Sesrulebuli W(t) muSaobis droze damokidebulebis funqcia viciT.
magaliTad, t=3wm droSi P myisi simZlavris gamoTvlisTvis W(t)-s pirveli rigis warmoebuli
unda gavigoT da Semdeg t=3wm drosTvis gamovTvaloT.
SI sistemaSi simZlavris erTeulia j/wm. es
erTeuli Zalian xSirad gamoiyeneba da amitom mas
vati (vt) ewodeba. jeims uati cnobili mecnieri iyo,
romelmac orTqlis Zravebis muSaobis tempi Zalian
gazarda da amiT gaiTqva saxeli. britanul sistemaSi
simZlavris erTeulia futifunti/wm. aseve xSirad
gamoiyeneba cxenis Zalac. erTeulebs Soris Semdegi
urTierTkavSiria:
1 vati = 1vt = 1j/wm = 0,738futi funti/wm (7.44)

sur.
7.15.
satvirTo avtomobilis Zalis

Sedegad miRebuli simZlavre tvirTze Zalis
mier muSaobis Sesrulebis tempia
da
1 cxenis Zala = 1cxZ = 550futi funti/wm

= 746vt
(7.45)
7.42 formulaze dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom muSaoba droisa da simZlavris namravlia. aqedan
gamomdinare:
1 kilovati sT = 1kvt sT=(103vt)(3600wm)=3,6106j=3,6mgj
(7.46)
vati da kvtsT ZiriTadad eleqtroxelsawyoebTan asocirdeba, Tumca maTi gamoyeneba sxva

xelsawyoebisTvisac SeiZleba. magaliTad, iatakidan wignis aRebisa da magidaze dadebis Semdeg
SegiZliaT TqvaT, rom Tqven 410-6kvtsT muSaoba SeasruleT.
Zalis mier nivTier wertilze muSaobis Sesrulebis tempi am Zalisa da nivTieri wertilis
siCqaris saSualebiTac SeiZleba gamoisaxos. wertilisTvis,
romelic wrfivad moZraobs da
masze am wrfisadmi raime kuTxiT mimarTuli mudmivi

saxes iRebs:
P=
anu
F Zala moqmedebs, 7.43 formula Semdeg
( )
dW Fcos dx
dx
=
= Fcos
dt
dt
dt
P=Fcos
(7.47)
217
7.9. simZlavre
7.47 formulis marjvena mxare
skalaruli namravlis saxiTac SegviZlia warmovadginoT:
P= F
(7.48)
(myisi simZlavre)
7.15 suraTze gamosaxuli satvirTo avtomobili drois romeliRac momentSi
siCqariT moZrav
tvirTze F ZaliT moqmedebs. F -iT gamowveuli myisi simZlavre drois momentSi F -is mier
Sesrulebuli muSaobis tempia da 7.47-7.48 formulebiT gamoiTvleba. xSirad misaRebia gamoTqma:
`satvirTo avtomobilis simZlavre~, magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom simZlavre Zalis mier muSaobis
Sesrulebis tempia.
sakontrolo wertili 5. wris centrze damagrebuli Toki blokzea mibmuli da bloki
arwriulad moZraobs. Tokidan blokze moqmedi Zalis Sedegad miRebuli simZlavre
dadebiTia, uaryofiTia Tu nulis toli?

7.16 suraTze naCvenebia yuTze moqmedi
F1 da
7.11
F2 Zala, rodesac yuTi xaxunisgan Tavisufal
zedapirze Tqvengan marjvniv misrialebs. 2n
F1 Zala horizontaluria, xolo 4n
sididis F2 Zala zedapiridan maRla 60-iT

sididis
aris gadaxrili. garkveul momentSi yuTis

siCqarea 3m/wm.
xaxunisgan
Tavisufali
zedapiri
sur. 7.16. yuTze moqmedebs ori F1 da F2 Zala,

rodesac yuTi xaxunisgan Tavisufal zedapirze
Tqvengan marjvniv misrialebs. yuTis siCqarea .
a) risi tolia am momentSi yuTze moqmedi

Zalebis Sedegad miRebuli simZlavreebi da
jamuri simZlavre? icvleba Tu ara jamuri
simZlavre am momentSi?
nulis tolia. yuTis kinetikuri energia
(K=1 m2) ar icvleba da misi siCqarec

mu
2
F
F
dmivia 3m/wm-ia. vinaidan 1 da 2 Zalebi
simZlavre
siCqaris msgavsad ar icvleba, 7.48 formulis
da ara saSualo simZlavre drois raime
Tanaxmad P1 da P2 simZlavreebic (maSasadame
amoxsna:
Cven
gvWirdeba
myisi
SualedSi. garda amisa, viciT yuTis siCqare.
Pj-ic) ucvlelia.
modiT TiToeuli ZalisTvis 7.47 formula

gamoviyenoT.
F1 Zala
siCqarisadmi 1=180
P1=F1cos1=(2n)(3m/wm)cos180
=6vt
(pasuxi)
miRebuli uaryofiTi Sedegi gvamcnobs, rom
F1 Zala yuTs energias 6j/wm tempiT arTmevs.

F2 Zala siCqarisadmi 2=60 kuTxes adgens
da gveqneba:
F2 Zalis sididea 6n, risi tolia jamuri
simZlavre da icvleba Tu ara is?
kuTxes adgens da gveqneba:
b) Tu
P2 =F2cos2=(4n)(3m/wm)cos60
=6vt
(pasuxi)
amoxsna:
F2 Zalis Sedegad miRebuli simZlav
rea:
P2= F2 cos2 =(6n)(3m/wm)cos60=9vt
F1 ZaliT gamowveuli simZlavrea P1 = 6 vt da

jamuri simZlavrea:
Pj = P1 + P2=6vt+9vt=3 vt
(pasuxi)
dadebiTi Sedegi niSnavs, rom F2 Zala yuTs
maSasadame, yuTisTvis energiis gadacemis
energias 6j/wm tempiT gadascems.
kinetikuri energia da siCqare izrdeba. 7.48
jamuri simZlavre calkeuli simZlavreebis
formulis
jamis tolia:
erTad P1 da P2 sidideebic icvleba. aqedan
Pt = P1 + P2 = 6vt + 6vt = 0
(pasuxi)
maSasadame, energiis gadacemis jamuri tempi
jamuri tempis mniSvneloba dadebiTia. yuTis

Tanaxmad,
siCqaris
zrdasTan
gamomdinare, Pj=3vt Sedegi mxolod 3m/wm

siCqaris ganviTarebis momentSi fiqsirdeba.
218
Tavi 7
kinetikuri energia. m masis da siCqariT
moZravi wertilis K kinetikuri energiaa:
K=1 m2 (kinetikuri energia)
cvlilebas Semdegi formuliT ukavSirdeba:

K = Kf Ki = Wa + Wg
(7.15)
(7.1)
Tu moZraobis dawyebisa da dasrulebis Semdeg
muSaoba. W muSaoba aris saganze Zalis
kinetikuri energiebi Tanabaria, 7.15 formula
moqmedebis Sedegad sagnidan miRebuli an
aseT saxemde daiyvaneba:
sagnisTvis gadacemuli energia. sagnisTvis
gadacemuli
energia
dadebiTi
Wa = Wg
(7.16)
muSaobaa,
am formulis mixedviT, modebuli Zala igive
xolo sagnidan miRebuli energia - uaryofiTi
raodenobis energias gadascems sagans, rasac
muSaoba.
mizidulobis Zala arTmevs.
mudmivi
mu
Zalis mier Sesrulebuli

Saoba. F mudmivi Zalis mier d gadaadgilebis
drekadobis Zala. zambaridan moqmedi Fs
dros wertilze Sesrulebuli muSaobaa:

W=Fdcos= F d
(muSaoba, mudmivi Zala) (7.7,
7.8)
aris mudmivi kuTxe

F-sa da
d -s Soris. saganze muSaobas F Zalis d gadaa
sadac
drekadobis Zalaa:
Fs = k d
(7.20)
(hukis kanoni) ,
sadac d aris zambaris Tavisufali bolos

gadaadgileba moSvebuli mdgomareobidan
(rodesac zambara SekumSuli an daWimuli ar
dgilebisadmi gaswvrivi komponenti asru
aris), xolo k sixistis mudmivaa (zambaris
lebs. rodesac saganze ori an meti Zala
elastiurobis sazomi). Tu x RerZi zambaris
moqmedebs, jamuri muSaoba Zalebis mier cal
gaswvriv aris gavlebuli da misi aTvlis saTave
calke Sesrulebuli muSaobebis jamia da
Ft
zambaris Tavisufali bolos mdebareobas
tolqmedi Zalis mier saganze Sesrulebuli
emTxveva (moSvebul mdgomareobaSi), maSin 7.20
muSaobis tolia.
formula asec SeiZleba Caiweros:
muSaoba da kinetikuri energia. wertilis

kinetikuri energiis K cvlilebasa da wer
tilze Sesrulebul jamur W muSaobas Soris
Semdegi kavSiria:
lebasTan erTad icvleba.
K=KfKi=W (muSaoba-kinetikuri energiis Teorema) (7.10)

sadac Ki aris wertilis sawyisi kinetikuri
energia, xolo Kf - kinetikuri energia muSaobis
Fx = kx (hukis kanoni)
(7.21)
maSasadame, drekadobis Zala cvladia. is

zambaris
Tavisufali
bolos
gadaadgi
drekadobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli

muSaoba. rodesac sagani zambaris Tavisufal
bolozea
damagrebuli,
drekadobis
xi
gvaZlevs:
mdebareobisken gadaadgilebis ganmavlobaSi
Kf = Ki + W
(7.11)
mizidulobis Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
d
muSaoba. m masis wertilis magvar
saganze
gadaadgilebis ganmavlobaSi
Fg mizidulobis
Zalis mier Sesrulebuli Wg muSaobaa:
Wf = mgdcos
sadac aris kuTxe Fg -sa da d -s Soris.
sawyisi
sagnis awevasa da dabla dawevaze Sesru

lebuli muSaoba. modebuli Zalis mier
sagnis awevis an dawevis dros Sesrulebuli Wa
muSaoba mizidulobis Zalis mier Sesrulebul
Wg muSaobas da sagnis kinetikuri energiis K
saboloo
saganze Ws muSaobas asrulebs:
Ws=1 xi2 1 kxf2

2
(7.25)
Tu xi=0 da xf=x, 7.25 formula aseT saxes

iRebs:

(7.12)
mdebareobidan
xf
Zala
Sesrulebis Semdeg. 7.10 formulis gardaqmna
Ws = 1 kx2
2
(7.26)
cvladi Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
muSaoba. rodesac saganze moqmedi F

Zala sagnis mdebareobazea damokidebuli,
mis mier saganze Sesrulebuli muSaoba ri
sawyisi mdebareobidan (xi, yi, zi) rf saboloo
mdebareobamde (xf, yf, zf) Zalis integrebis

saSualebiT gamoiTvleba. Tu davuSvebT, rom
219
7.9. simZlavre
Fx komponenti mxolod x-zea damokidebuli
da ara y-ze an z-ze, Fy komponenti mxolod yzea damokidebuli da ara x-ze an z-ze, xolo Fz
komponenti mxolod z-zea damokidebuli da
ara x-ze an y-ze, Sesrulebuli muSaoba iqneba:
W=
(7.36)
Tu F -s mxolod x komponenti aqvs, maSin 7.36
tempia. Tu t drois SualedSi Zala W muSaobas

asrulebs,
drois
simZlavrea:
PsaS =
am
SualedSi
saSualo
W
Dt
(7.42)
myisi simZlavre muSaobis Sesrulebis myisi

tempia:
P=
W

Dt
(7.43)
formula martivdeba:
Tu
lebisadmi kuTxes qmnis, myisi simZlavrea:
(7.32)
simZlavre. Zalis Sedegad miRebuli simZlavre

saganze Zalis mier muSaobis Sesrulebis
Zala
sagnis
moZraobis
P=Fcos = F ,
sadac
aris sagnis myisi siCqare
mimarTu
(7.47, 7.48)
SekiTxvebi
1. qvemoT moyvanili siCqareebi kinetikuri
energiis
mixedviT
daalageT,
romelic
=4 +3 ,
=3 4 ,
siCqaris dros eqneba wertils: a)
=4 +3 , g)
b)
am
=3 +4 , d)
kidebulebis sami grafiki. romeli grafiki

Seesabameba Semdeg mdgomareobebs: a) F1=F2,
b) F1>F2, g) F1<F2?
e) =5 da v) =5m/wm da horizontalisadmi
30 kuTxes adgens.
2. F mudmivi Zalis mier wrfivi d gadaad

gilebis dros wertilze Sesrulebuli muSa
oba dadebiTia
Tu uaryofiTia, rodesac a)
d -s Soris kuTxea 30, b) igive kuTxea
-4i?
100 da g) F = 2i 3
- 3 j da d =4
sur. 7.18. SekiTxva 4
-sa da
3. xaxunisgan Tavisufal yinulze mosriale

Saibaze horizontaluri Zala moqmedebs da
mis siCqares cvlis. 7.17 suraTze gamosaxulia
Saibis i sawyisi siCqare, f sabolo siCqare
da siCqaris veqtorebis mimarTuleba sam
mdgomareobaSi.
daalageT
mdgomareobebi
5. 7.19 suraTze gamosaxul goWs miwaze

Camosrialebis
variantSi
sami
goWi
arCevani
xaxunisgan
aqvs.
samive
Tavisufal
zedapirze unda Camosrialdes. daalageT es

variantebi mizidulobis Zalis mier goWze
Sesrulebuli muSaobis mixedviT dididan
mcireze.
Zalis mier Saibaze Sesrulebuli muSaobis

4.
7.18a
suraTze
naCvenebia
xaxunisgan
Tavisufal zedapirze marjvnisken mosriale

bloki,
romelzec
ori
horizontaluri
Zala moqmedebs. 7.18b suraTze gamosaxulia

blokis K kinetikuri energiis t droze damo
6. 7.20 suraTze naCvenebia cvladi Zalis Fx

komponentis (x RerZis gaswvrivi komponentis)
wertilis x mdebareobaze damokidebulebis
oTxi grafiki. daalageT grafikebi x=0 da
220
Tavi 7
x=x1 mdebareobebs Soris wertilis gada
fiki (K kinetikuri energiis t droze da
adgilebis dros Zalis mier Sesrulebuli mu
mokidebuleba)
Saobis mixedviT dididan mcireze.
romel grafiks Seesabameba?
7.21b
suraTze
gamosaxul
8. A zambara B zambaraze naklebad elastiuria

(kA>kB). romeli zambaris drekadobis Zala
Seasrulebs ufro met muSaobas Tu a) zambarebi
erTi da igive manZiliT SeikumSa da b) zamba
rebi erTi da igive Zalam SekumSa?
9. talaxis wveTi kldidan Camovarda an

gadmoagdes. 7.22 suraTze gamosaxuli romeli
grafiki (an grafikebi) SeiZleba asaxavdes
talaxis
kinetikuri
energiis
cvlilebas
vardnis ganmavlobaSi?
7. 7.21a suraTze gamosaxulia oTxi mdgo

mareoba, rodesac uZrav blokze horizon
taluri Zala moqmedebs. ZalTa sidideebia
F2=F4=2F1=2F3. 7.21b suraTze naCvenebia

igive oTxi mdgomareobisTvis blokis siCqa
ris horizontaluri x komponenti. a) 7.21b
suraTze gamosaxuli romeli grafiki Seesa
10. 7.23 suraTze gamosaxulia Zalis Fx
bameba
7.21a
suraTze
gamosaxul
Zalebs?
b) 7.21g suraTze gamosaxuli romeli gra
komponenti, romelic wertilze moqmedebs.

Tu wertili moZraobas iwyebs x=0
bareobidan,
rodesac
ra
mas
iqneba
misi
mde
koordinati,
a)
udidesi kinetikuri
(a)
energia, b) udidesi
siCqare da g) nu
lovani
eqneba?
siCqare
d)
ra
m i m a r T u l e b i T
imoZravebs wertili
(b)
(g)
x=6m koordinatis
gavlis Semdeg?
amocanebi
SSM

Manual-Si.
www

ILW

amocanis sirTules
gviCvenebs
paragrafi 7.3. kinetikuri energia

1. Tu apolos kosmosur xomaldsa da masze
damagrebul Saturn V (saturni V) raketas
erToblivi masaa 2,9105kg da xomaldis
siCqarea 11,2km/wm, ra kinetikuri energia
eqneba mas?
221
2. 1972 wlis 10 agvistos, aSS-sa da kanadis
CrdiloeTiT uzarmazarma meteorma gaifrina.
cecxlovani burTi imdenad naTeli iyo, rom
dRis sinaTlezec ki Canda da misi simkveTre
Cveulebrivi meteoris mier datovebul kvals
bevrad aRemateboda (sur. 7.24). meteoris masa
daaxloebiT 4106kg iyo da 15km/wm siCqariT
moZraobda. atmosferoSi vertikalurad Se
svlis SemTxvevaSi meteori dedamiwis ze
dapirs igive siCqariT Seejaxeboda. a) gamo
TvaleT
SesaZlo
vertikaluri
sur. 7.24. amocana 2. meteoris kvali dRisiT
Sejaxebis
SemTxvevaSi meteoris kinetikuri energiis

danakargi (joulebSi). b) miRebuli Sedegi
1 megatona trotilis afeTqebis energiis
(4,21015 j) jeradis saxiT CawereT. g) xiro
simaSi atomuri bombis afeTqebis energia
daaxloebiT
13
kilotona
trotilis
afeTqebas udrida. ramdeni atomuri bombis

afeTqebis eqvivalenturi iqneboda meteoris
Sejaxeba?
3. protoni (m=1,671027kg) 3,61015m/wm2-iT

wrfivad Cqardeba. Tu protonis sawyisi si
Cqarea 2,4107m/wm da 3,5sm manZils gadis,
risi tolia misi a) saboloo siCqare da b) ki
netikuri energiis nazrdi? SSM
4. 1,8102kg masis naxvretiani burTula x

RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT mavTulze
moZraobs.
rodesac
t=0,
burTula
x=0
mdebareobas 12m/wm siCqariT gaivlis da

masze mudmivi Zala moqmedebs. 7.25 suraTze
naCvenebia burTulas mdebareoba, rodesac
t=0, 1, 2 da 3wm. rodesac t=3wm, burTula

wamierad Cerdeba. ra kinetikuri energia eqneba
burTulas t=10wm dros?
paragrafi 7.5. muSaoba da kinetikuri

energia
6. 2kg masis bidoni xy sibrtyeSi moZraobs da
masze 5n sididis erTaderTi Zala moqmedebs.
bidonis sawyisi siCqarea 4m/wm x RerZis
dadebiTi mimarTulebiT, xolo garkveuli
drois Semdeg - 6m/wm y RerZis dadebiTi
mimarTulebiT. ra muSaobas asrulebs bidonze
5n Zala am drois ganmavlobaSi?
7. moneta xy koordinatTa sistemis aTvlis

saTavidan (3m,4m) koordinatebisken xaxu
nisgan Tavisufal zedapirze misrialebs da
masze mudmivi Zala moqmedebs. Zalis sididea
2n da x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebisadmi

100 kuTxes adgens saaTis isris moZraobis
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. ra muSaobas
asrulebs
Zala
monetaze
gadaadgilebis
dros?
8. motivtive
yinuls wylis dineba napiris
gaswvriv d =(15m) (12m) manZilze gadaad

gilebs. wyali yinulze F =(210n) (150n)
ZaliT moqmedebs. ra muSaobas asrulebs Zala
yinulze gadaadgilebis dros?
9. 3kg masis sxeuli xaxunisgan Tavisufal,

horizontalur
5. mama da Svili erTmaneTs sirbilSi

ejibrebian. mamis kinetikuri energia Svilis
kinetikuri energiis naxevaria, xolo Svilis
zedapirze
uZravad
da masze x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis,

mudmivi
F horizontaluri Zala moqmedebs.
7.26 suraTze naCvenebia sxeulis mdebareobis

stroboskopuli grafiki.
F Zala moqmedebas
masa mamis masis naxevaria. rodesac mama 1m/wm

siCqares ganaviTarebs, misi kinetikuri energia
Svilisas utoldeba. ra sawyisi siCqareebi aqvT
a) mamas da b) Svils?
Zevs
222
Tavi 7
iwyebs, rodesac t=0 da sxeulis mdebareoba
a)
0,5wm-ian SualedebSi
fiqsirdeba. ra muSaobas
asrulebs F Zala sxeulze 0-dan 2wm-mde
Saobas
SualedSi?
daadgilebis
10. 8kg masis sagani

x RerZis dadebiTi
mavlobaSi? b) yuTis
mimarTulebiT
Zraobs.
masze
moqmedebas.
sur. 7.27. amocana 10
kinetikuri
mudmivi
Zala
iwyebs
suraTze
gamosaxulia
mdebareobaze
energiis
damokidebulebis grafiki x=0

mdebareobebs
gamosaxul
ze
ga
7.27
gan
14. 7.30 suraTze
Cauvlis,
mimarTuli
asrulebs
sami Zala yuTze ga
deba? SSM
mde
RerZis
swvriv
mu
izrdeba Tu mcir
rodesac
bareobas
jamur
kinetikuri energia
mo
sxeuli x=0
ra
Soris.
amis
da x=5m
Semdeg
Zala
moqmedebas ganagrZobs. ra siCqare eqneba

sagans, rodesac is x=3m mdebareobas ukan
ubrundeba?
11. 85kg masis moTxilamure daRmarTidan

swor trasaze 37m/wm sawyisi siCqariT gadis.
Tu Zala mas 2m/wm2 aCqarebiT anelebs da
Semdeg aCerebs, a) ra F sidide aqvs Zalas,
b) ra d manZils gaivlis moTxilamure Senelebis
ganmavlobaSi da g) ra W muSaobas asrulebs
moTxilamureze Zala? risi tolia d) F, e) d da
v) W, Tu Senelebisas aCqareba 4m/wm2-ia? ILW
12. WanWikebiT da
qanCebiT savse yuTi
sami
yuT
horizon
taluri (F1, F2 da
F3)
debs.
Zala
yuTi
moqme
Tav
dapirvelad uZravia
da Semdeg xaxunisgan
Tavisufal zedapirze gadaadgild
eba. F1 =3n,
F2 =4n da F3 =10n, xolo naCvenebi kuTxeebia

2=50 da 3=35. ra jamur muSaobas asrulebs
sami Zala yuTze pirveli 4m-is gavlis dros?
15. ucvleli
mimarTulebis da 12n sididis
(2i 4
- 4 j+3
+ 3k)m gadaadgilebis dros
Zala d = (2
wertilze muSaobas asrulebs. ra kuTxea Za
lasa da gadaadgilebas Soris, Tu wertilis
kinetikuri energiis cvlilebaa a) +30j da
b) 30j?
paragrafi 7.6. mizidulobis Zalis mier

Sesrulebuli muSaoba
manqanebis saxelos-
16. a) 1975 wels, monrealis velodromis

360kn wonis saxuravi 10sm-iT maRla aswies da
noSi, xaxunisgan Ta
gaaswores. ra muSaoba Seasrules saxuravze
visufal zedapirze,
masze moqmedma Zalebma? b) 1960 wels, flo
x RerZis gaswvriv
2m manZilze gadaad
gildeba.
7.28
ridis Statis qalaq tampaSi, dedam Svilze

su
Tu qalma 4000n-is (manqanis mTliani wonis
raTze naCvenebia mudmivi horizontaluri

Zalis mier yuTze Sesrulebuli W muSaobis
x mdebareobaze damokidebulebis grafiki.

a) ra sididisaa es Zala? b) Tu yuTis sawyisi
kinetikuri energiaa 3j da x RerZis dadebiTi
mimarTulebiT
moZraobs,
dacemuli manqanis erTi mxare maRla aswia.
ra
iqneba
misi
kinetikuri energia 2m-is gavlis Semdeg?
13. 7.29 suraTze gamosaxul yuTze sami Zala

(F1, F2 da F3) moqmedebs da is xaxunisgan
Tavisufal zedapirze marcxnisken 3m manZils
gadis. F1 =5n, F2 =9n da F3 =3n, kuTxea =60.
daaxloebiT 1/4-is) 5sm simaRleze aweva SeZlo,

ra muSaoba Seasrula misma Zalam manqanaze?
17. vertmfrens 72kg masis adamiani okenidan

Tokis saSualebiT 15m simaRleze ayavs.
adamianis aCqarebaa g/10. ra muSaobas asrulebs
adamianze a) vertmfrenidan moqmedi Zala da
b)
mizidulobis
Zala?
vertmfrenSi
Cajdomamde risi tolia adaminis g) kinetikuri

energia da d) siCqare? SSM WWW
18. 7.31 suraTze, 20n sididis Fa hori
223
zontaluri
3kg
masis
Zala
mi Tokis saSualebiT maRla swevs. samaSvelo
wignze
operacia sami stadiisgan Sedgeba da TiToeul
moqmedebs da wigni
stadiaze speleologi 10m vertikalur man-
xaxunisgan
Zils gadis. samaSvelo stadiebi Semdegia:
Tavi
sufal
daxril
a)
(=
sibrtyeze
uZravi
speleologi
m/wm siCqares iZens; b) 5m/wm mudmivi siCqariT
d=0,5m man
30)
Tavdapirvelad
speleogols maRla sweven; g) speleologis
jamur muSaobas asrulebs wignze Fa Zala,
siCqare nuli xdeba. ra muSaoba sruldeba
mizidulobis
ganmavlobaSi?
Zilze adis. a) ra
Zala
da
drekadobis
Zala
gadaadgilebis dros? b) Tu gadaadgilebis

dasawyisSi wignis kinetikuri energia nulis
tolia, ra iqneba misi siCqare gadaadgilebis
dasasruls?
80kg masis speleologze TiToeuli stadiis

23. 7.34 suraTze
gamosaxuli 0,25kg
masis bloki 900kgiani liftis kabi
19. M masis bloks Tokis saSualebiT

g/4 aCqarebiT vertikalurad dabla weven.
naSi
Zevs.
kabina
Sesrulebuli muSaoba, b) mizidulobis Zalis
d1=2,4m da
Semdeg d2=10,5m manZilze gvarlis saSulebiT
vertikalurad maRla adis. a) d1 gadaadgilebis
mier blokze Sesrulebuli muSaoba, g) blokis
dros iatakidan blokze moqmedi drekadobis
kinetikuri energia da d) blokis siCqare,
Zalaa FN=3n. ra muSaobas asrulebs kabinaze
gamoTvaleT a) Tokis Zalis mier blokze
rodesac bloki d manZils gaivlis. SSM
20. 7.32 suraTze, 82n sididis Fa mudmivi

Zala 3kg masis yuTze =53 kuTxiT moqmedebs
da
yuTi
xaxunisgan
Tavisufal
daxril
jer
gvarlidan moqmedi Zala? b) d2 gadaadgilebis

dros gvarlidan kabinaze moqmedi mudmivi
Zala 92,61kj muSaobas asrulebs. risi tolia
FN ?
maRla
paragrafi 7.7. drekadobis Zalis mier

Sesrulebuli muSaoba
adis. ra muSaobas
24. zafxulis semestris dros studenturi
asrulebs
saerTo sacxovreblis binadrebi erTmaneTs
sibrtyeze mudmivi
siCqariT
Fa
Zala yuTze, vid
didi
re yuTi h=0,15m
vertikalur
sur. 7.32. amocana 20
manZils gaivlis?
Fr
21. 7.33 suraTze

gamosaxuli bloki
miliTaa
Seqmnili. SeRebili wyliT savse buSti milTan

dakavSirebul CanTaSia moTavsebuli, xolo
mili oTaxis mTel sigrZezea gadaWimuli.
davuSvaT mili hukis kanons emorCileba da
moTavsebul buStze, vidre mili pirvandel
ze maRla mimarTumoqmedebs.
katapulta
Seasrulebs milidan moqmedi Zala CanTaSi
aldeba da muSa mas-
ZaliT
ebrZvian.
damagrebuli
Wimaven da Semdeg xels uSveben, ra muSaobas
ril sibrtyeze sri
Fr
CarCoze
zambaris sixistea 100n/m. Tu mils 5m-iT
=50 kuTxiT dax
li 50n sididis
katapultebiT
fanjris
mdgomareobas daubrundeba?
25. 7.11 suraTze gamosaxuli blokis x= 2sm

mdebareobaze uZravad gaCerebisTvis masze
sibrtyeze d=0,5m
manZilis gavlis Semdeg yuTis kinetikuri
80n sididis ZaliT unda vimoqmedoT. Semdeg
energia 80j-iT izrdeba. ramdeniT ufro

meti
blokis sistema +4j muSaobas asrulebs.
kinetikuri energia eqneboda yuTs
Fr Zalis
ararsebobis pirobebSi?
22. dazaralebul speleologs maSvelTa raz-
bloks nela gadavaadgilebT da zambaraamis Semdeg bloki kvlav uZravad Cerdeba. ra

mdebareobazea bloki? (miniSneba: pasuxi oria).
224
Tavi 7
26. zambara da bloki 7.11 suraTze gamo
30. 7.11a suraTze gamosaxuli bloki xaxu
saxulis msgavsad aris ganlagebuli. ro
nisgan Tavisufal, horizontalur zedapirze
x=+4sm
koordinatisken
Zevs da zambaris sixistea 50n/m. Tavdapirve-
gamovwevT, mis gasaCereblad 360n Zalaa
lad zambara moSvebul mdgomareobaSia da
saWiro. Cven bloki x=11sm koordinatisken
bloki x=0 mdebareobaze imyofeba. amis Semdeg
gamovwieT da xeli gavuSviT. ra muSaobas
3n mudmivi sididis Zala bloks x RerZis dadebi
asrulebs zambara blokze, rodesac bloki
Ti mimarTulebiT ubiZgebs da zambara blokis
xi
gaCerebamde iWimeba. gaCerebis Semdeg a) ra
desac
bloks
=+5sm
koordinatidan
b)x=3sm,
x=5sm
g)
a)
da
d)
x=+3sm,
x=9sm
mdebareobazea bloki, b) ra muSaoba Seasrula
koordinatisken gadaadgildeba?
modebulma Zalam blokze da g) ra muSaoba
27. 7.35 suraTze

naCvenebia Fx dreka
dobis Zalis x mde
Seasrula drekadobis Zalam blokze? blokis
bareobaze
gadaadgilebis dros d) ra mdebareobazea

blokis kinetikuri energia maqsimaluri da
e) risi tolia kinetikuri energiis maqsimaluri
damo
kidebulebis
mniSvneloba?
gra
fiki 7.11 suraTze

gamosaxuli ganla
gebisTvis. Cven bloki x=12sm koordinatisken
paragrafi 7.8. cvladi

Sesrulebuli muSaoba
mier
31.
gamovwieT da xeli gavuSviT. ra muSaobas
10kg masis
aguri
x RerZis
asrulebs zambara blokze, rodesac bloki
gaswvriv moZraobs.
xi=+8sm sawyisi koordinatidan a) x=+5sm,

b) x=5sm, g) x=8sm da d) x=10sm
Zalis
7.37 suraTze naCve

nebia aguris aCqa
koordinatisken gadaadgildeba?
rebis aguris mde
28. 7.11 suraTze
bareobaze
gamosaxuli
debulebis grafiki. ra muSaobas asrulebs
bloki
damoki
x=0 koordinatidan
x=+3sm
koordi
agurze
natisken
gadaadgilebis ganmavlobaSi? ILW
gadavaa
raTze
naCvenebia
Saoba. Semdeg bloki x=+5sm koordinatisken

da
xeli
Zala
x=0
koordinatisken
32. 5kg masis blo
Cveni Zalis mier blokze Sesrulebuli mugavwieT
gamomwvevi
x=8m
koordinatidan
dgileT da uZravad
gavaCereT. 7.36 su
aCqarebis
gavuSviT.
ra
muSaobas
Seasrulebs zambara blokze, rodesac bloki
xi =+5sm sawyisi koordinatidan a) x=+4sm,

b) x=2sm da g) x=5sm koordinatisken
ki
xaxunisgan
Ta
visufal,
hori
zontalur
zeda
pirze
wrfivad
moZraobs da masze
Zala
moqmedebs.
7.38 suraTze gamosaxulia am Zalis cvlileba

blokis mdebareobis cvlilebasTan erTad.
gadaadgildeba?
ra muSaobas asrulebs Zala, rodesac bloki
29. 2kg masis sxeuli x RerZis dadebiTi
aTvlis
mimarTulebiT moZraobs da masze erTaderTi
gadaadgildeba?
Zala
moqmedebs,
romlis
komponentia
Fx=6xn, sadac x metrebSia mocemuli. x=3m

koordinatze sxeulis siCqarea 8m/wm. a) ra
iqneba sxeulis siCqare x=4m koordinatze?
b) x-is ra dadebiTi mniSvnelobis dros iqneba
sxeulis siCqare 5m/wm? SSM ILW WWW
saTavidan
x=8m koordinatisken
33. wertilze moqmedi Zala x RerZis gaswvrivaa

mimarTuli da F=F0(x/x0 1) formuliT aris
mocemuli. gamoTvaleT Zalis mier wertilze
Sesrulebuli
muSaoba,
rodesac
wertili
x=0 koordinatidan x=2x0 koordinatisken

gadaadgildeba. amisTvis a) aageT F(x) grafiki
225
da muSaoba grafikis mixedviT gamoTvaleT da
mibmuli Toki. yuTi
b) moaxdineT F(x) integrireba. SSM WWW
xaxunisgan
34. sardinebiT savse bidoni x=0,25m koor

dinatidan x=1,25m koordinatisken gadaad
gildeba da masze F=exp(4x2) Zala moqme
debs, sadac x mocemulia metrebSi, xolo F
niutonebSi. ra muSaobas asrulebs bidonze
sufal,
horizon
talur
zedapirze
Zala?
35. 3kg masis nivTieri wertilis magvar

saganze erTaderTi Zala moqmedebs da sag
nis
mdebareobis
droze
damokidebulebis
funqciaa x=3t4t2+t3, sadac x mocemulia

metrebSi, xolo t wamebSi. ra muSaobas Sea
srulebs saganze Zala 0-dan 4wm-mde drois
SualedSi?
36. 1,5kg masis bloki xaxunisgan Tavisufal,

horizontalur
zedapirze
uZravad
aris
ganlagebuli da masze x RerZis gaswvriv

mimarTuli
horizontaluri
Zala
iwyebs
moZraobs,
Tavi
romlis
gaswvriv x RerZia
gavlebuli. Tokis marcxena bolo umniSvnelo

masis da xaxunis mqone blokzea damagrebuli.
bloki h=1,2m simaRlezea ganlagebuli da
yuTi x1=3m koordinatidan x2=1m koor
dinatisken gadaadgildeba. moZraobis gan
mavlobaSi Tokis daWimuloba ar icvleba
25n-s tolia. gamoTvaleT yuTis kinetikuri

energiis cvlileba moZraobis ganmavlobaSi.
paragrafi 7.9. simZlavre

40. liftis 3103kg masis datvirTuli kabina
23 wamis ganmavlobaSi mudmivi siCqariT 210miT maRla adis. ra saSualo tempiT asrulebs
muSaobas gvarlidan moqmedi Zala kabinaze?
(x)=(2,5x2) n formuliT
gamoisaxeba, sadac x mocemulia metrebSi,
xolo blokis sawyisi mdebareobaa x=0. a)
ra kinetikuri energia eqneba bloks x=2m
41. 100kg masis bloki 5m/wm mudmivi siCqariT
koordinatis Cavlisas? b) ra maqsimaluri
muSaobas Zala blokze? SSM ILW
kinetikuri energia eqneba bloks x=0 da x=2m
42.
koordinatebs Soris?
xaxunisgan Tavisufal aRmarTze adis. aRmarTi
moqmedebas. Zala
koordinatisken gadaaadgilebs. ra muSaoba

Seasrula Zalam wertilze, rodesac wertili
a) x=4m, b) x=7m da g) x=9m koordinats
miaRwia? ra siCqare aqvs wertils da ra
mimarTulebiT moZraobs, rodesac is d) x=4m,
e) x=7m da v) x=9m koordinats miaRwevs?
38. F =(cx3x2) Zala wertilze moqmedebs

da wertili x RerZis gaswvriv gadaadgildeba.
F Zala niutonebSia mocemuli, x metrebSia,
xolo c mudmivaa. x=0 koordinatze wertilis

energiaa
Tokis
saSualebiT
paralelurad
aris
gadaWimuli
manZilis gavlis dros Tokidan moqmedi Zala
la moqmedebs da x=0 koordinatidan x=9m
kinetikuri
moTxilamure
da 1m/wm mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs. 8m
rode
sac masze Fa Za
122n Zala moqmedebs. ra tempiT asrulebs
aRmarTis
wertilis
aCqareba,
masze horizontisadmi 37 kuTxiT daxrili
horizontisadmi 12 kuTxiTaa daxrili. Toki
37. 7.39 suraTze

naCvenebia
2kg
masis
horizontalur zedapirze gadaadgildeba da
20j,
xolo
x=3m
koordinatze _ 11j. gamoTvaleT c.
39. 7.40 suraTze naCvenebia yuTi da masze
moTxilamureze 900j muSaobas asrulebs.

a) Tu Toki 2m/wm mudmivi siCqariT imoZravebs,
ra muSaobas Seasrulebs igive manZilis gavlis
dros Tokidan moqmedi Zala moTxilamureze?
ra tempiT asrulebs muSaobas Tokidan moqmedi
Zala moTxilamureze, rodesac Toki b) 1m/wm
da g) 2m/wm mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs?
43. 15kg masis uZrav sxeulze 5n Zala moq

medebs. gamoTvaleT Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
muSaoba a) pirvel wamSi, b) meore wamSi, g) mesame
wamSi da gamoTvaleT d) mesame wamis dasasruls
Zalis Sedegad miRebuli myisi simZlavre. SSM
44. a) garkveul momentSi, nivTieri wertilis
magvar saganze F =(4n) (2n) +(9n) Za

la moqmedebs da sagnis siCqarea =(2m/wm)
+(4m/wm) . ra myisi tempiT asrulebs muSaobas
226
Tavi 7
Zala saganze? b) raime sxva momentSi siCqares
7.41 suraTis mixe
mxolod y komponenti aqvs. Tu Zala ar icvleba
dviT
da myisi simZlavrea 12vt, ra siCqariT
x=0 koordinatze
moZraobs am dros sagani?
sxeulis
45. satvirTo liftis nela moZravi kabinis

masaa 1200kg da 54m manZils 3 wuTSi gadis,
ris Semdegac Cerdeba. liftis sapirwonis
masa mxolod 950kg-ia, amitom lifts Zrava
esaWiroeba. ra saSualo simZlavre unda uzrun
velyos gvarlidan kabinaze moqmedma Zravis
Zalam? SSM
46. 0,3kg masis sagani xaxunisgan Tavisufal,

horizontalur
erTi
boloTi
zedapirze
srialebs
horizontalur
da
zambarazea
(k=500n/m) mimagrebuli. zambaris meore bolo

fiqsirebulia.
(sadac
wonasworul
drekadobis
Zala
mdebareobaze
nulis
tolia)
sagnis kinetikuri energiaa 10j. a) ra tempiT

asrulebs muSaobas zambara saganze, rodesac
sagani wonasworul mdebareobas miaRwevs?
b) ra tempiT asrulebs muSaobas zambara sagan
ze, rodesac zambara 0,1m-iT aris SekumSuli
da sagani wonasworul mdebareobas Sordeba?
47. meqanizms tvirTi di =(0,5m) +(0,75m)

+(0,2m) sawyisi mdebareobidan (rodesac
t=0) d f =(7,5m) +(12m) +(7,2m) saboloo
mdebareobisken (rodesac t=12wm) gadaaqvs.
tvirTze modebuli Zalaa F =(2n) +(4n)

+(6n) . gamoTvaleT a) meqanizmis Zalis mier
tvirTze Sesrulebuli muSaoba da b) meqanizmis
Zalis saSualo simZlavre am gadaadgilebis
dros.
48. 2kg masis moZrav saganze F =(3n) +(7n)

+(7n) Zala moqmedebs. sagani d i =(3m)
(2m) +(5m) sawyisi mdebareobidan d f =
(5m) +(4m) +(7m)
saboloo mdebareo
bisken 4 wamSi gadaadgildeba. gamoTva
leT: a) Zalis mier saganze Sesrulebuli
muSaoba
Sedegad
4 wamis ganmavlobaSi, b) Zalis

miRebuli
saSualo
simZlavre
drois igive SualedSi da g) kuTxe
d f -s Soris.
di -sa da
49. 2kg masis sxeuli x RerZis gaswvriv
moZraobs da masze moqmedi erTaderTi Zala
icvleba.
siCqarea
4m/wm. a) ra kineti
kuri energia aqvs

sxeuls
x=3m koordinatze? b) x-is ra

dros eqneba sxeuls 8j
mniSvnelobis
kinetikuri
energia?
g)
ra
maqsimaluri
kinetikuri energia eqneba sxeuls x=0 da
x=5m koordinatebs Soris?

50. 250g masis bloki
k=2,5n/sm sixistis
vertikalur
zam
baraze daeca (sur.

7.42). zambara 12smiT SeikumSa da wa
mierad
gaCerda.
zambaris SekumSvis
ganmavlobaSi ra mu
Saobas asrulebs blokze a) mizidulobis Zala
da b) drekadobis Zala? g) risi tolia blokis
siCqare zambaraze dacemis momentSi? (xaxuni
ugulebelyaviT). d) Tu Sejaxebis siCqares
gavaormagebT,
ra
maqsimalur
manZilze
SeikumSeba zambara?
51. 45kg masis bloki xaxunisgan Tavisufal

daxril sibrtyeze srialebs. sibrtyis sigrZea
1,5m, xolo simaRle 0,91m. muSa bloks maRla

awveba da bloki mudmivi siCqariT srialebs. a)
gamoTvaleT muSis Zalis sidide. ra muSaobas
asrulebs blokze b) muSa, g) mizidulobis Zala,
d) zedapiridan blokze moqmedi drekadobis
Zala da e) jamuri Zala?
52. 50kg masis yuTis xaxunisgan Tavisufal,

horizontalur zedapirze gadaadgilebisTvis
muSa yuTze horizontisadmi
20 kuTxiT
daxrili 210n sididis ZaliT moqmedebs.
3m-is
gavlis
ganmavlobaSi
ra
muSaobas
asrulebs yuTze a) muSa, b) mizidulobis Zala

da g) zedapiridan yuTze moqmedi drekadobis
Zala? d) ra mTliani muSaoba sruldeba
yuTze?
53. gaxvretil burTulaze Fa Zala moqmedebs

da burTula
swor mavTulze +5sm manZils
gadis.
Fa Zalas garkveuli fiqsirebuli
227
mniSvneloba
xolo
aqvs,
Fa -sa da
burTulis
56. F =(4n) +c Zala wertilze moqmedebs

da wertili d =(3m) (2m) gadaadgilebas
gada
asrulebs (wertilze
sxva Zalebic moqmedebs).
adgilebas Soris
risi tolia c, Tu
kuTxis arCeva Sesa

Zlebelia. 7.43 su
raTze gamosaxulia
F Zala wertilze a) 0, b) 17j
da g) 18j muSaobas asrulebs?

Fa Zalis mier burTulaze Sesrulebuli W
57.
7.46
suraTze
naCvenebia
xaxunisgan
Tavisufal zedapirze marjvnisken mosriale
muSaobis -ze damokidebulebis grafiki. ra
yuTi. yuTi d=20sm manZils gadis da masze sami
da b) 147?
maTi sidideebia F1=5n da F2=1n. mesame Zala
muSaobas asrulebs
Fa , rodesac aris a) 64
54. 7.44a suraTze gamosaxuli 4kg masis

bloki, romelzec 2n Zala moqmedebs. bloki
xaxunisgan Tavisufal zedapirze marjvniv 1m
manZils gadis, xolo Zala horizontisadmi
kuTxes adgens. daadgineT gadaadgilebis

bolos blokis f siCqaris gamosaxuleba, Tu
blokis sawyisi siCqarea a) 0 da b) 1m/wm. g) 7.44b
Zala moqmedebs. ori Zala horizontaluria da
=600 kuTxiT dablaa daxrili da misi sididea

F3=4n. a) ra jamur muSaobas asrulebs yuTze
mizidulobis
Zala,
drekadobis
Zala
da
samive modebuli Zala 20sm gadaadgilebis

ganmavlobaSi? b) Tu yuTis masaa 2kg da sawyisi
kinetikuri energiaa 0, ra iqneba misi siCqare
gadaadgilebis dasasruls?
suraTze naCvenebia analogiuri mdgomareoba,

oRond amjerad Zala mimarTulia marcxnisken.
daadgineT
1m-iani
gadaadgilebis
bolos
blokis f siCqaris gamosaxuleba. d) aageT f-s

grafikebi kuTxis 0-90 arealisTvis.
58. x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis F Zala

RerZis gaswvriv moZrav saganze moqmedebs.
Zalis sididea F=10ex/2n, sadac x mocemulia
metrebSi.
gamoTvaleT
Zalis
mier
55. 2kg masis yuTi xaxunisgan Tavisufal

zedapirze x RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebiT
moZraobs. t=0 droidan dawyebuli, qari x
Sesrulebuli muSaoba x=0 koordinatidan
RerZis uaryofiTi mimarTulebiT uberavs.
RerZebis SemosazRvruli arealis farTobi
7.45 suraTze naCvenebia yuTis x mdebareobis
gamoTvaleT.
t droze damokidebulebis grafiki. grafikze
moaxdineT integrireba.
dayrdnobiT gamoTvaleT yuTis kinetikuri
59. muSa 25kg masis yuTs xaxunisgan Tavisufal

daxril zedapirze 209n ZaliT ubiZgebs.
daxris kuTxe 25-ia. yuTi 1,5m manZils gadis.
energia, rodesac a) t=1wm da b) t=5wm. g) ra

muSaobas asrulebs yuTze qaris Zala t=1wmdan da t=5wm-mde SualedSi?
x=2m
koordinatamde.
a)
amisTvis
F(x)
grafiki aageT da grafikiTa da sakoordinato

b)
muSaobis
gamoTvlisTvis
ra muSaobas asrulebs am dros yuTze a) muSis

Zala, b) mizidulobis Zala da g) zedapiridan
moqmedi drekadobis Zala? d) ra jamuri
muSaoba sruldeba yuTze?
60.
=(3 +7 +7 )n Zala 2kg masis saganze
moqmedebs, romelic 4 wamis ganmavlobaSi d i = (3i - 2 j + 5k)
(3 2 +5 )m sawyisi mdebareobidan d f = (-5i - 4 j + 7 k)

(5 +4 +7 )m saboloo mdebareobisken gada
228
Tavi 7
adgildeba. gamoTvaleT a) Zalis mier saganze
Tokidan blikze Tokis daWimulobaze orjer
Sesrulebuli muSaoba drois am SualedSi, b)
meti jamuri Zala moqmedebs).
Zalis Sedegad miRebuli saSualo simZlavre
64. 2kg masis sagani Tavdapirvelad uZravia,

Semdeg Tanabrad Cqardeba da 3 wamis gan
mavlobaSi 10m/wm siCqares anviTarebs. a) ra
drois igive SualedSi da g) kuTxe
di da d f
veqtorebs Soris.
61. 7.11a suraTze,

m masis bloki xa
muSaobas asrulebs saganze misi amaCqarebeli
xunisgan
Zala 3 wamis ganmavlobaSi? risi tolia am
Tavisu
Zalis Sedegad miRebuli myisi simZlavre
fal,
horizon
b) Sualedis dasasruls da g) Sualedis pirveli
talur
zedapir
ze Zevs da hori
zontaluri zambaris (k sixistis) erT bo
lozea damagrebuli. zambaris meore bolo
fiqsirebulia. bloki Tavdapirvelad uZravia
(x=0),
xolo Semdeg x RerZis dadebiTi
naxevris dasasruls?
65. ra muSaobas asrulebs F =(2xn) +(3n)
Zala (x metrebSia), romelic sagans ri =
(2m) +(3m) mdebareobidan r f =(4m) (3m)

mdebareobaze gadaadgilebs?
moqmedebas ganicdis. 7.47 suraTze naCvenebia
66. lifts 660n wonis 100 mgzavri 60 wamis

ganmavlobaSi 150m simaRleze mudmivi siCqa
blokis kinetikuri energiis x mdebareobaze
riT ahyavs. ra saSualo simZlavre unda uz
mimarTulebis
horizontaluri
Zalis
damokidebulebis grafiki. a) ra sididisaa F ?

b) risi tolia k?
62. 10n Zala xy sibrtyeSi moZrav 2kg masis

saganze moqmedebs da x RerZis dadebiT
runvelyos wevis Zalam?
67. yuTebi sawyobSi eskalatoris saSualebiT

gadaadgildeba, romelic 0,5m/wm mudmivi
siCqariT moZraobs. erT-erT adgilze eska
150 kuTxes adgens. ra
2m sigrZis da horizontisadmi
10-iT daxril aRmarTze adis, Semdeg 2m-s
muSaobas asrulebs Zala saganze, rodesac
horizontalurad moZraobs da sabolood
mimarTulebasTan (saaTis isris moZraobis

sawinaaRmdegod)
latori
sagani aTvlis saTavidan im wertilisken
2m sigrZis da horizontisadmi aseve 10-
gadaadgildeba, romlis mdebareobis veqtoria
iT
(2m) (4m) ?
eskalatoriT 2kg masis yuTi gadaadgildeba
g) daRmarTze Cadis?
68.
erT
yinulmWreli
blokze m=20kg ma
gayinul
sis sagania Camokide
qari
buli, xolo Tokis
uberavs
F Zala moqmedebs.
iyos F Zala, raTa
tbaze
dauberavs.
xaxunisgan
uZravad
qari
dgas,
Tavisufal
rodesac
aRmosavleTisken
200n ZaliT
moqmedebs. qari yinulmWrels 8m manZilze
Tavisufal boloze
a) ra sididis unda
davuSvaT
marTze adis, b) horizontalurad moZraobs da
masis
armqone blokebzea
damagrebuli.
Cadis.
eskalatoris Zala yuTze, rodesac yuTi a) aR
xaxunisgan
Tavisufal,
daRmarTze
da ar srialebs. ra tempiT asrulebs muSaobas
63. 7.48 suraTze,

Toki
daxril
da
yinulmWrelze
wrfivad gadaadgilebs da es wrfe Crdilosur. 7.48. amocana 63.
aRmosavleTiT 20 kuTxiTaa mimarTuli. ra

kinetikuri energia eqneba yinulmWrels am
sagani mudmivi siCqariT maRla aiwios? b)
manZilis gavlis Semdeg?
sagnis 2sm-iT maRla asawevad ra manZilze unda
69. bavSvi sasrialoze erToba da, rom
gamoiwios Tokis Tavisufali bolo? maRla
ar SeSindes, deda iWers. dedidan Svilze
awevis dros ra muSaobas asrulebs saganze
100n Zala moqmedebs, romelic srialis
g) Tqveni Zala da d) mizidulobis Zala?
sawinaaRmdegod
(miniSneba: rodesac Toki blokzea Semoxveuli,
1,8m manZilze srialdeba da misi kinetikuri
aris
mimarTuli.
bavSvi
229
energia 30j-iT izrdeba. a) ra muSaobas
asrulebs bavSvze mizidulobis Zala am drois
ganmavlobaSi? b) Tu deda gaiweva, ramdeniT
gaizrdeba bavSvis kinetikuri energia igive
72.
wertili
wrfivad gadaadgilda
d =(8m) +c da masze F =(2n) (4n)

Zalis moqmedebiT (wertilze sxva Zalebic
moqmedebs). risi tolia c, Tu wertilze
manZilze Camosrialebis dros?
Zalis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba a) nulia,
70.
b) dadebiTia da g) uaryofiTia?
grZis
yuTs
73. liftis 4500kg masis kabina maqsimum

1800kg masis tvirTs uZlebs. Tu srulad
datvirTuli kabina 3,8m/wm siCqariT maRla
ZaliT
adis, ra simZlavre unda uzrunvelyos kabinis
230kg masis
yuTi L=12m si
dia.
Tokze
Tqven
cvladi
ki
ubiZgeT da d=4m
mamoZravebelma
manZiliT
SenarCunebisTvis?
gverdze
gadaadgileT (sur.
7.49). a) ra sidide
aqvs
F Zalas, ro
Zalam
amgvari
siCqaris
74. wertili x RerZis gaswvriv moZraobs da

desac yuTi gadaad

gilebis saboloo wertils miaRwevs? yuTis
gadaadgilebis ganmavlobaSi b) ra jamuri
muSaoba sruldeba masze, g) ra muSaobas
asrulebs yuTze mizidulobis Zala da d) ra
muSaobas asrulebs yuTze Tokidan moqmedi
Zala? e) gadaadgilebamde da gadaadgilebis
Semdeg yuTi uZravia. gamoiyeneT b), g) da
d) pasuxebi da Tqveni F Zalis mier yuTze
masze RerZis dadebiTi mimarTulebis Zala

moqmedebs. 7.51 suraTze naCvenebia F Zalis
wertilis x mdebareobaze damokidebulebis
grafiki. F=a/x2, sadac a=9nm2. gamoTvaleT
Zalis mier wertilze Sesrulebuli muSaoba,
rodesac
x=3m
wertili
x=1m
koordinatamde
koordinatidan
gadaadgildeba.
a) muSaoba grafikis saSualebiT gamoTvaleT

da b) muSaoba Zalis funqciis integrebis
saSualebiT gamoTvaleT.
Sesrulebuli muSaoba gamoTvaleT. v) ratom

ar aris Tqveni Zalis mier Sesrulebuli
muSaoba horizontaluri gadaadgilebis da
a)-s pasuxis namravlis toli?
71. maCvenebliani zambara milimetrebSi da

graduirebuli skalis gverdiT aris Camo
kidebuli. 7.50 suraTze naCvenebia zambaraze
Camokidebuli sami sxvadasxva yuTi. a) skalis
romel niSnuls miuTiTebs maCvenebeli, ro
desac zambaraze yuTi ar kidia? b) risi tolia
mesame yuTis W wona?
75. sagani x RerZis dadebiTi

mimarTulebiT
misrialebs da masze
Fa Zala moqmedebs.
Zala x RerZis gaswvrivaa mimarTuli da misi x

mm
mm
mm
komponentia Fax=9x3x2, sadac x mocemulia

0
metrebSi, xolo Fax
niutonebSi. sagani
moZraobas x=0 koordinatidan iwyebs da

30
40
garkveuli drois mere Cerdeba. a) aageT saganze

moqmedi
60
110 n
Fa Zalis x-ze damokidebulebis
grafiki. b) romel koordinatzea Sesrulebuli

muSaoba
maqsimaluri
da
g)
risi
tolia
muSaobis maqsimaluri mniSvneloba? d) romel

240 n
koordinatze xdeba muSaoba nulis toli?

e) romel koordinatze Cerdeba sagani?
230
Tavi 7
76. ricxviTi integreba. yuTi x RerZis

gaswvriv x=0,15m koordinatidan x=1,2m
qari mociguraves dasavleTisken ubiZgebs. 7.52
koordinatamde
t droze damokidebulebis grafiki, sadac

t=0 qaris amovardnis droa, xolo x RerZi
gadaadgildeba
da
masze
F=exp(2x ) Zala moqmedebs, sadac x moce

mulia metrebSi, xolo F niutonebSi. ra
2
suraTze naCvenebia mociguravis x mdebareobis
aRmosavleTisken
aris
mimarTuli.
a)
ra
kinetikuri energia aqvs mociguraves, rodesac
muSaobas asrulebs Zala yuTze?
77. cxeni urems 40 funti ZaliT eqaCeba. Zala

horizontidan maRla, 30-iT aris gadaxrili
t=0? b) ra muSaobas asrulebs qaris Zala

mociguraveze 0-dan 3wmde drois SualedSi?
da uremi 6mili/sT siCqariT moZraobs. a) ra
79. dedamiwis doneze momxdarma afeTqebam
muSobas asrulebs Zala 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi?
Rrmuli datova, romlis diametri afeTqebis
b) risi tolia Zalis saSualo simZlavre (cxenis
energiis
ZalebSi)?
megatona trotilis afeTqeba 1km diametris
78. 50kg masis mocigurave xaxunisgan Tavi
Rrmuls tovebs. miCiganSi, huronis tbis
sufal
gayinul
tbaze
mudmivi
siCqariT
aRmosavleTisken srialebs. uecrad monaberi
1
3
xarisxis
proporciulia.
fskerze 50km diametris Rrmulia, romelic

meteoris Sejaxebis Sedegad aris darCenili.
risi tolia amgvari Sejaxebis kinetikuri
energia? pasuxi a) megatona trotilis (1
megatona 4,21015 joulia) da b) xirosimaSi
afeTqebuli bombis (daaxloebiT 13 kilotona
trotilis) energiis saSualebiT gamosaxeT?
(meteoris an kometis Sejaxebam SesaZloa
mniSvnelovnad Secvala dedamiwis klimaturi
pirobebi da, arc is aris gamoricxuli, rom
dinozavrebis da sicocxlis sxva formebis
gaqroba gamoiwvia).
80. 1200kg masis manqana trasaze 120km/sT

siCqariT
moZraobs.
risi
tolia
manqanis
kinetikuri energia trasis ganapira mdgomi

adamianis TvalTaxedviT?

დევიდ ჰოლიდეი, რობერტ რეზნიკი, ჯერლი უოლკერი - ფიზიკის საფუძვლები (1-7 თავი)

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devid holidei

Tavi 5. Zala da moZraoba................................131

Tavi 1. erTeulTa sistema..................................9

5.1. ra aris fizika?.......................................................131

1.1. ra aris fizika?...........................................................9

Tavi 2. wrfivi moZraoba....................................26

Tavi 6. Zala da moZraoba................................168

2.3. mdebareoba da gadaadgileba................................27

6.1. ra aris fizika?.......................................................168

2.4. saSualo manZili da saSualo siCqare.................28

Tavi 7. kinetikuri energia da muSaoba......199

Tavi 8. potenciuri energia da energiis

Tavi 9. masis centri da impulsi..................275

Tavi 10. brunva....................................................324

Tavi 13. miziduloba.........................................439

Tavi 14. siTxeebi................................................476

10.7. brunviTi inerciis gamoTvla...........................336

Tavi 11. gorva, mabruni momenti da

14.5. wnevis gazomva.......................................................482

Tavi 15. rxevebi..................................................510

Tavi 16. talRebi...............................................544

16.7. Tokis gaswvriv moZravi talRis energia da

Tavi 17. talRebi............................................... 583

Tavi 18. temperatura, siTbo da

18.11. Termodinamikis pirveli kanonis

Tavi 19. airebis kinetikuri Teoria............ 661

Tavi 20. entropia da Termodinamikis

Tavi 22. eleqtruli velebi......................... 7451

22.6. damuxtuli wiriT gamowveuli

Tavi 23. gausis kanoni......................................783

23.8. gausis kanonis gamoyeneba: planaruli

Tavi 24. eleqtruli potenciali................812

Tavi 25. tevadoba...............................................848

Tavi 26. deni da winaRoba................................881

Tavi 27. wredebi..................................................909

Tavi 28. magnituri velebi..............................946

Tavi 29. deniT gamowveuli magnituri

Tavi 30. induqcia da induqciuroba.........1015

Tavi 31. eleqtromagnituri rxevebi da

Tavi 32. maqsvelis gantolebebi: materiis

31.1. ra aris fizika?...................................................1060

32.1. ra aris fizika?...................................................1093

Tavi 34. gamosaxulebebi...............................1183

Tavi 35. interferencia.................................1225

35.8. mixelsonis interferometri.........................1249

Tavi 36. difraqcia..........................................1267

Tavi 37. fardobiTobis Teoria..................1308

rogor anaTebs mze am Rrublebs daisis Semdeg?

mecniereba sxvadasxva sidideebis gazomvasa da Sedarebas efuZneba. amisTvis garkveuli

1.3 erTeulebis saerTaSoriso sistema

1 vati = 1vt = 1kgm2/w3

SI sistemis ZiriTadi sidideebis erTeulebi

simboloebis es jgufi ase ikiTxeba:

vis meTods, romelic 10-is xarisxebs

efuZneba. am meTodis mixedviT,

deebis gamosaxatavad viyenebT ricxvebis eqsponencialuri

1.4 erTeulTa Secvla

SI sistemis erTeulebis prefiqsebi

gorc xedavT, TiToeuli prefiqsi 10-is romelime