Verb

Structure
Regular

Function
Irregular

Main/ Ordinary

Auxiliary/ Helping

Regular Verbs: Which form their past tense and past participle by adding
(ed, d).
Walk + ed = walked
Move + d = moved

A_ As follows below:
(a) If the Verbs end in e, to form Past Forms (2nd and 3rd forms), just addd.
(b) To make the ing form drop the e and just add ing for Present participle (continues
tenses).

END OF VERBS
e

SIMPLE FORM
(1ST form)
Smile, hope, move

PAST FORMS
(2ND&3RD forms)
Smiled, hoped, moved

PRESENT PARICIPLE
(ING form)
Smiling, hoping, moving

B_ If the Verbs end in two Consonants letters:

(a) Simply add ed to form Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) Simply add ing to form Present Participle (ING Forms).

END OF VERBS
Two Consonants

SIMPLE FORM
(1ST.form)
Help, learn, form

PAST FORMS
(2ND&3RD forms)

PRESENT PARICIPLE
(ING form)

Helped, learned,
formed

Helping, learning, forming

C_ If the Verbs end in two Vowels + one Consonant letter:

(a) Simply add ed to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd forms).
(b) Simply add ing to make Present Participle (ING Form).

END OF VERBS
Two Vowels + one
Consonant + ed

SIMPLE FORM
(1ST.form)
Rain, heat, sail

PAST FORMS
(2ND&3RD forms)
Rained, heated, sailed

PRESENT PARICIPLE
(ING form)
Raining, heating, sailing

D_ When the Verbs end in Vowel + Consonant(s), have generally two steps:
1) If the Verbs have one Syllable end in one Vowel + one Consonant;

(a)
(b)

Double the Consonant and simply add ed to make the Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
Double the Consonant and simply add ing to make Present Participle (ING - Form).

SIMPLE
FORM
(1ST.form)

END OF
VERBS
One Vowel (One
Syllable) + One
Consonant + the
**Pre- Consonant
+ ed/ ing

2)
(a)
(b)

Stop, plan, grin

PAST FORMS
(2ND&3RD forms)
Stopped, Planned,
grinned

Stopping, planning,
Grinning*

A_ If the first Syllable of the two - verbs are stressed, do not double the Consonant:
Simply add ed to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
Simply add ing to make Present Participle (ING Form).

END OF VERBS

SIMPLE FORM
(1ST.form)

One Vowel (Two

Syllables, stressed
on 1st) + one
consonant + ed/ ing

Visit, offer, gather

3)
(a)
(b)

PRESENT PARICIPLE
(ING form)

PAST FORMS
(2ND&3RD forms)

PRESENT PARICIPLE
(ING form)

Visited, offered,
gathered

Visiting, offering,
gathering

If the second syllable of a two verbs are stressed, double the Consonant;
Simply add ed to make the Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
Simply add ing to make the Present Participle (ING Form).

SIMPLE FORM
(1ST.form)

END OF VERBS
One Vowel (Two
Syllable, stressed
on 2nd) + one
consonant + **preconsonant + ed/ ing

Prefer, admit,
rebut

PAST FORMS
(2ND&3RD forms)
Preferred,
admitted,

PRESENT PARICIPLE
(ING form)
Preferring. Admitting,
rebutting

rebutted

E_ When the Verbs end in y, have two steps to conjugate them.

1_ If the Verbs end in a Vowel + y:
(a) Simply add ed to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) Simply add ing to make Present Participle (ING Form).

END OF
VERBS
Vowel + y + ed/
ing

SIMPLE FORM
(1ST.form)

PAST FORMS
(2ND&3RD forms)

PRESENT PARICIPLE
(ING form)

Play, enjoy, relay

Played, enjoyed, relayed

Playing, enjoying, relaying

2_ If the Verbs end in a Consonant + y:

(a) Change the y to I and then simply add ed to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) But keep the y and the simply add ing to make Present Participle (ING Form).

END OF VERBS
Consonant + y= I +
ed. Consonant + y
+ ing

SIMPLE FORM
(1ST.form)
Worry, study, reply

PAST FORMS
(2ND&3RD forms)
Worried, studied,
replied

PRESENT PARICIPLE
(ING frm)
Worrying, studying,
replying

F_ If the Verbs end in ie:

(a) Merely addd to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) Change the ie to y and simply add ing to make Present Participle (ING Form).

END OF VERBS
ie + d= Past
Forms but, ie= y +
ing= Pre.P.

SIMPLE FORM
(1ST.form)
Die, tie, vie

PAST FORMS
(2ND&3RD forms)
Died, tied, vied

PRESENT PARICIPLE
(ING form)
Dying, tying, vying

*Exception: Do not double the following two letters; w and x such as: snow/ snowed/ snowing,
Fix/ fixed/ fixing.

Irregular Verbs: Irregular Verbs are those verbs which have no rules and
regulation for making their Past Forms (They rather change their properties
or structures).

There are three distinguished types of Irregular Verbs, as arranged below:

1)
2)
3)

Verbs in which all three forms are the same.

Verbs in which two of the three forms are the same (One is different from those three).
Verbs in which all three forms are different from one another.
Type 1: All three forms are the same.
bet
bet
bet
burst
burst
burst
cut
cut
cut
hurt
hurt
hurt
let
let
let
put
put
put
shut
shut
shut
set
set
set
read
read
read
Type 2: Two of the three forms are the same.
beat
beat
beaten
become
became
become
bend
bent
bent
bring
brought
brought
dig
dug
dug
keep
kept
kept
hold
held
held
feed
fed
fed
find
found
found

bleed

bled

bled

Type 3: All three forms are different (different from one another).
Be
(am, is, are) was, were
been
begin
began
begun
bite
bit
bitten
break
broke
broken
blow
blew
blown
do
did
done
fall
fell
fallen
fly
flew
flown
eat
ate
eaten
choose
chose
chosen

Have your goal with a firm Kick

A.HAQIQATJOE